Revision Checklist for IGCSE

History 0470
Guide for Students
Revision Checklist for IGCSE History 0470

A Guide for Students

How to use this guide

The guide describes what you need to know about your IGCSE History examination. It will help
you to plan your revision programme for the examination and will explain what the examiners are
looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you to revise by using the tick
boxes in Section 3, ‘What you should be able to’ to check what you know and which topic areas
of History you have covered.

The guide contains the following sections:

Section 1 - How will you be tested?

This section will give you information on the different examination papers that are available.

Section 2 - What will you be tested on?

This section describes the areas of knowledge, understanding and skills that the examiners will
test you on.

Section 3 - What you should know

This shows the syllabus content in a simple way so that you can check:
• which topics you need to know
• details about each topic in the syllabus
• how much of the syllabus you have covered

Section 4: Appendices
This section covers other things you need to know such as:
• useful web sites
• important command words that Examiners use in the examination Papers

Not all the information will be relevant to you. You will have to select what you need to cover in
Sections (1) and (3) by finding out from your teacher whether you are doing Coursework or the
alternative Paper to coursework.
Section 1 - How will you be tested?

1.1 About the examinations you will take

You will sit three Papers: i.e. Paper 1 and Paper 2, and either Paper 3 (coursework) or Paper 4
(alternative to coursework).

Your teacher will be able to tell you whether you are doing coursework (Paper 3) or taking Paper
4.

If you are doing coursework, you will complete two assignments and just take Paper 1 and Paper
2 in the examination. However, if you are not doing coursework, you will take three Papers in the
examination, i.e. Paper1, Paper 2 and Paper 4.

1.2 About the written Papers

The table below gives you information about the written Papers

Paper How long and how What’s in the paper? What’s the % of
number many marks? the total marks?

Paper 1 2 hours (60 marks) You must answer a total of three 40%
questions, two from Section A and
one from
Section B.

Paper 2 2 hours (50 marks) You must answer all of the 33%
questions from either the
Nineteenth or Twentieth Century
option.

Here is some more detail about each of the Papers:

(i) Paper 1

You have to answer three of the questions available, so take your time to choose your questions
carefully at the start of the examination.
There will be two Sections – A and B.

Section A (Core Content) will contain eight questions, four on the 19th century Core and four on
the 20th century Core. You must answer any two questions.

Section B (Depth Studies) will contain two questions on each of the Depth Studies. You must
answer one question.
[Note: three questions will be set on Depth Study E, Southern Africa].

Each question on Paper 1 will have three parts and will be based on stimulus material which will
help your understanding of the questions but you do not have to use the source in your answer.
The stimulus material may be a photograph, cartoon, written information, sketch map, diagram,
graph table of information etc.

You will be tested on your understanding of both the Core Content and Depth Study by showing
in your answer the selection of relevant knowledge and your ability to write your response in an
appropriate manner.
(ii) Paper 2

This paper will have two options: a 19th-century topic and a 20th-century topic. Candidates
answer the questions on one option.
The topics will be prescribed by the Examination Board (CIE) each year and will be taken from
the Core Content. Each option will include a collection of source material relating to the
prescribed topic, and a series of questions based on the material.
For the examination in 2009 the topics will be:

19th century core: The modernisation of Japan (May/June examination) OR

The causes of the First World War (November examination)

20th century core: German involvement in the Spanish Civil War (May/June 2009 examination)
OR the decline and collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe (November 2009 examination)

1.3 About the coursework/alternative written paper

The remaining examinations for IGCSE History are either in the form of coursework or another
written paper, Paper 3 (two coursework assignments written in your own time) or the alternative
to coursework, Paper 4, which tests the same skills and knowledge as Papers 1 and 2 in a timed
written examination. Your teacher will be able to tell you which Paper you will be entered for.

Paper How long and how What’s involved? What’s the % of the
number many marks? total marks
Paper 3 No fixed time You will complete two 27%
(40 marks) coursework assignments of (you do either
about 1500 words in total. Paper 3 or
Your teacher will design each Paper 4)
assignment which will be
based on any one or two of
the Depth Studies you have
been taught.

Paper 4 1 hour You will answer one 27%

(40 marks) question only based upon one of (you do either Paper
the Depth Studies you have 3 or
been taught. Paper 4)

Here is some more detail about these Papers:

(i) Paper 3 (coursework)

You will carry out two assignments during your History course, which will be assessed by your
teacher. One piece of work must target Objectives 1/2, and the other must target Objective 3 (see
Section 2 below). Each assignment will be worth up to 20 marks.
(ii) Paper 4 (alternative to coursework Paper)

In this written paper you will answer one question on one of the Depth Studies. Each question
has a part (a) and a part (b). Questions set in part (a) are designed to test your ability to use
source evaluation as in Paper 2 and questions set in part (b) are based on your ability to recall
knowledge of the subject content being questioned as in Paper 1.
Section 2 - What will you be tested on?

The examiners take account of the following skill areas in your examination Papers:
• knowledge (what you remember, select and use)
• understanding of some key concepts
• evaluation of sources

These skills are called assessment objectives. They are explained in the table below. Your
teacher will be able to give you more information about how each of these is tested in the
examination Papers.

Assessment What the objective What you need to be able to do

objective means
1: Remembering and recall, select, organise and deploy knowledge of the
Recall of selecting relevant facts syllabus content
Knowledge and applying these
appropriately in your
answers
2: Demonstrating an demonstrate an understanding of:
Understanding understanding of key (a) change and continuity, cause and
historical historical ideas and the consequence, similarity and difference;
concepts reasons why people (b) the motives, emotions, intentions and
made decisions in the beliefs of people in the past.
past
3: Understanding and comprehend, interpret, evaluate and use a range of
Evaluation of assessing the meaning of sources as evidence in their historical context.
sources sources and using them
as evidence of how
people in the past made
judgements and acted the
way they did.
Section 3 - What you need to know

The tables below describe the topics you may be tested on in the examination. It is arranged in
two Options (19th and 20th Century) and eight Depth Studies with several topic areas within each
Option or Depth Study. Each topic area is divided up into sections, which contain the detail that
you need to know.

How to use the tables

You can use the tables throughout your course to check the topic areas you have covered. You
can also use it as a revision aid. When you think you have a good knowledge of a topic, you can
tick the appropriate box in the checklist column.

Test yourself as follows:

• cover up the details with a piece of paper
• try to remember the details using the prompts
• when you have remembered the details correctly, put a tick in the appropriate box. If you use
a pencil to tick the boxes, you can retest yourself whenever you want by simply rubbing out
the ticks. If you are using the table as a checklist of which topics you have covered, you can
put a tick in the topic column next to the appropriate point.

The column headed ‘Comments’ can be used to:

• add further information about the details for each bullet point
• note relevant page numbers from your text book
• add learning aids e.g. BIG THREE AT VERSAILLES (Lloyd George, Clemenceau and
Wilson), ENABLING ACT (summary of details)
• highlight areas of difficulty/ things which you need to ask your teacher about.
Option A: 19th century, The Development of Modern Nation States, 1848-1914
1.1 Were the Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Revolutions of
1848 Why were there Describe the nature of revolutions in 1848 and the
important? so many influence of liberalism and nationalism.
revolutions in
1848? Describe the causes and events of revolutions in
France, Italy, Germany and the Austrian Empire.
Did the As above
revolutions have
anything in
common?
Why did most of Describe the reasons for the failure of the revolutions.
the revolutions
fail?

Did the As above

revolutions
change anything?
1.2 How was Why was Italy not Describe Austrian influence over Italy, Italian
Italy unified? unified in 1848- nationalism and the role of Mazzini.
1850?
How important Describe the work of Garibaldi and the invasion of Sicily
was Garibaldi's and Naples and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy and
contribution to the completion of unification by 1870.
unifying Italy?

Did Cavour help Outline the events of 1848-9 and the work of Victor
or hinder the Emmanuel II and Cavour, Plombieres and the war with
unification of Austria in 1859.
Italy?
How important for
As above
other European
countries were
moves towards
Italian
unification?
Option A: 19th century, The Development of Modern Nation States, 1848-1914
1.3 How was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Germany
unified? Why was Describe the nature of German nationalism, the work of
Germany not the Zollverein, the 1848 revolution in Prussia and the
unified in 1848- setting up and eventual failure of the Frankfurt
50? Parliament. Outline the re-establishment of Austrian
influence in Germany by 1850.

How did Describe the work of Bismarck as Prussian Minister-

Bismarck bring President, his foreign policy to 1871 including
about Austria's Schleswig-Holstein, the Austro-Prussian War and its
defeat of 1866? consequences.

How did As above

Bismarck bring
about France's
defeat of 1870?

How far was As above

Bismarck
responsible for
the unification of
Germany?
Option A: 19th century, The Development of Modern Nation States, 1848-1914
1.4 Why was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
there a civil
war in the How far did Describe the causes and consequences of the American
United States? slavery cause the Civil War, 1820-77: differences between North and
Civil War? South; slavery, slave states and free states;
abolitionism; the 1860 election and secession of the
Southern states;
What was the Describe the reasons for the North's victory, the role of
significance of Lincoln; reconstruction. (Coverage of the events of the
Lincoln's election war is not required except insofar as they help to explain
as President? the North's victory.)
Why was the As above
North able to win
the war?
Did the war As above
change anything?
Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
1.5 How
effectively had What was the Describe Perry's missions and the unequal treaties.
Japan impact of Perry's Japan's relations with her neighbours to 1914.
modernised missions on
itself by 1914? Japan?
Why did the Meiji Describe the Meiji Restoration and modernisation.
Restoration
occur?
How westernised As above
was Japan by
1914?
Was Japan a As above
Great Power by
1914?
Option A: 19th century, The Development of Modern Nation States, 1848-1914
1.6 What Did the Alliance
caused the System make Describe the origins of the First World War, 1890-1914
First World war more likely or and the Alliance System
War? less likely?

How far did

colonial problems
create tensions
between the Outline the colonial rivalries that existed at the time
Great Powers?

Why were
problems in the
Balkans so
difficult for the Outline the developments in the Balkans between 1890
Great Powers to and 1914 which led to tension in the area
solve?

How did the

assassination of
Franz Ferdinand Describe the crisis of June-July 1914 and the outbreak
lead to war? of war.
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
1.1 Were the Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Peace Treaties
of 1919-23 What were the Describe the peace treaties of 1919-23: the roles of
fair? motives and aims individuals such as Wilson, Clemenceau and Lloyd
of the Big Three George in the peacemaking process
at Versailles?

Why did all the As above

victors not get
everything they
wanted?

What was the Describe the impact of the treaties on the defeated
impact of the countries
peace treaty on
Germany up to
1923?
Could the treaties Describe contemporary opinions about the treaties.
be justified at the
time?
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
1.2 To what Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
extent was the
League of How successful Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the League
Nations a was the League of Nations, including its structure and organisation,
success? in the 1920s? successes and failures in peacekeeping during the
1920s
How far did As above
weaknesses in
the League's
organisation
make failure
inevitable?

How far did the Describe the impact of the World Depression on the
Depression make work of the League after 1929
the work of the
League more
difficult?

How successful Describe the failures of the League in the 1930s,

was the League including Manchuria and Abyssinia.
in the 1930s?
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
1.3 Why had Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
international
peace What were the Describe the collapse of international order in the 1930s:
collapsed by long-term the increasing militarism of Germany, Italy and Japan;
1939? consequences of
the peace
treaties of 1919-
23?

What were the As above

consequences of
the failures of the
League in the
1930s?

How far was Describe Hitler's foreign policy to 1939: the Saar,
Hitler's foreign remilitarisation of the Rhineland, Anschluss with Austria,
policy to blame appeasement, crises over Czechoslovakia and Poland,
for the outbreak the outbreak of war.
of war in 1939?

Was the policy of As above

appeasement
justified?
How important As above
was the Nazi-
Soviet Pact?
Why did Britain As above
and France
declare war on
Germany in
September
1939?
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
1.4 Who was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
to blame for
the Cold War? Why did the Describe the origins of the Cold War: the 1945 summit
USA-USSR conferences and the breakdown of the USA-USSR
alliance begin to alliance in 1945-6;
break down in
1945?

How had the Describe Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe to 1948,
USSR gained and American reactions to it
control of Eastern
Europe by 1948?

How did the USA As above

react to Soviet
expansionism?

What were the Describe the occupation of Germany and the Berlin
consequences of Blockade.
the Berlin
Blockade?

Who was the All the above

more to blame for
starting the Cold
War, the USA or
the USSR?
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
1.5 How Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
effectively did
the USA America and Describe events of the Cold War: case studies of
contain the events in Cuba, American reactions to the Cuban revolution, including
spread of 1959-62 and the missile crisis and its aftermath.
Communism? Vietnam. Describe American involvement in the Vietnam War.
1.6 How Why was there
secure was opposition to
Describe Soviet power in Eastern Europe: resistance to
the USSR's Soviet control in
Soviet power in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia
control over Hungary in 1956,
(1968)
Eastern Czechoslovakia
Europe, 1948- in 1968, and how
c.1989? did the USSR
react to this
opposition?
How similar were
events in
Hungary in 1956
As above
and in
Czechoslovakia
in 1968?
Why was the
Describe the background to the building of the Berlin
Berlin Wall built
Wall
in 1961?
What was the
significance of
'Solidarity' in
Poland for the
Describe the 'Solidarity' Movement in Poland
decline of Soviet
influence in
Eastern Europe?
How far was
Gorbachev
personally
responsible for Describe the work of Gorbachev and the collapse of the
the collapse of Soviet Empire.
Soviet control
over Eastern
Europe?
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
1.7 How Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
effective has
the United What are the Describe the aims of the UNO, the organisation of the
Nations functions of the UNO, its agencies and their work.
Organisation UNO?
been?
How far has the
organisation of Describe the implications of the growth of membership:
the UNO admission of developing nations and China.
hindered its
effectiveness?

Case studies of
the UNO in Describe the work of the UNO in Korea (1950-3) and in
action: the the Congo (1960-3).
Korean War and
the Congo.
Depth Study A: Germany, 1918-45
1.1 Was the Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Weimar
Republic How did Describe the Revolution of 1918 and the establishment
doomed from Germany emerge of the Republic.
the start? from defeat at the
end of the First
World War?

What was the Describe the Versailles settlement and German

impact of the reactions to it.
Treaty of
Versailles on the
Republic?

To what extent Describe the Weimar constitution, main political

did the Republic divisions and the role of the army.
recover after Describe the political disorder, 1919-23; economic
1923? crises and hyper-inflation and the occupation of the
Ruhr.

What were the Describe the achievements of the Stresemann era and
achievements of the cultural achievements of the Weimar period.
the Weimar
period?
Depth Study A: Germany, 1918-45
1.2 Why was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Hitler able to
dominate What did the Nazi Describe the early years of the Nazi Party: Nazi ideas
Germany by Party stand for in and methods, the Munich Putsch, the roles of Hitler and
1934? the 1920s? other Nazi leaders.

Why did the As above

Nazis have little
success before
1930?

Why was Hitler Describe the impact of the Depression on Germany:

able to become political, economic and social crisis of 1930-3, reasons
Chancellor by for the Nazis' rise to power,
1933?

How did Hitler Describe how Hitler takes power, the Reichstag Fire and
consolidate his the election of 1933.
power in 1933-4?
Depth Study A: Germany, 1918-45
1.3 (a) The Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Nazi regime:
how How much Describe Nazi rule in Germany: the Enabling Act, the
effectively did opposition was Night of the Long Knives, the death of Hindenburg,
the Nazis there to the Nazi removal of opposition, methods of control and
control regime? repression, use of culture and the mass media.
Germany, Describe Germany’s economic policy including
1933-45? rearmament.

How effectively As above

did the Nazis
deal with their
political
opponents?

How did the As above

Nazis use culture
and the mass
media to control
the people?

Why did the As above

Nazis persecute
many groups in
German society?

Was Nazi As above

Germany a
totalitarian state?
Depth Study A: Germany, 1918-45
1.3 (b) The Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Nazi regime:
what was it How did young Describe the different experiences of Nazi rule: women
like to live in people react to and young people, anti-Semitism, persecution of
Nazi the Nazi regime? minorities.
Germany?
How successful As above
were Nazi
policies towards
women and the
family?

Did most people As above

in Germany
benefit from Nazi
rule?
How did the Describe the impact of the Second World War on
coming of war Germany: conversion to war economy, the Final
change life in Solution and the opposition to Nazi rule.
Nazi Germany?
Depth Study B: Russia, 1905-41
1.1 Why did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the Tsarist
regime How well did the Describe the main features of Tsarist rule and Russian
collapse in Tsarist regime society before the First World War:
1917? deal with the
difficulties of
ruling Russia up
to 1914?

How did the Tsar Describe the 1905 revolution and its aftermath, and
survive the 1905 attempts at reform.
revolution?

How far was the Describe the impact of the First World War on the
Tsar weakened Russian people.
by the First World
War?
Why was the Describe the reasons for the successes of the March
revolution of revolution of 1917.
March 1917
successful?
Depth Study B: Russia, 1905-41
1.2 How did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the
Bolsheviks How effectively Describe the Provisional Government, the Soviets and
gain power, did the the growing power of revolutionary groups.
and how did Provisional
they Government rule
consolidate Russia in 1917?
their rule?
Why were the Describe the reasons for the failure of the Provisional
Bolsheviks able Government.
to seize power in Describe the Bolshevik seizure of power and the role of
November 1917? Lenin.

Why did the Describe the main features of Bolshevik rule, the Civil
Bolsheviks win War, War Communism and the reasons for the
the Civil War? Bolshevik victory.

How far was the Describe the Kronstadt Rising and the establishment of
New Economic the New Economic Policy.
Policy a
success?
Depth Study B: Russia, 1905-41
1.3 How did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Stalin gain
and hold on to Why did Stalin, Describe the circumstances of Lenin's death and the
power? and not Trotsky, struggle for power: reasons for Stalin's emergence as
emerge as leader by 1928.
Lenin's
successor?

Why did Stalin Describe Stalin's dictatorship: use of terror, the Purges,
launch the propaganda and official culture.
Purges?
What methods As above
did Stalin use to
control the Soviet
Union?

How complete As above

was Stalin's
control over the
Soviet Union by
1941?
Depth Study B: Russia, 1905-41
1.4 What was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the impact of
Stalin's Why did Stalin Describe Stalin's economic policies and their impact: the
economic introduce the modernisation of Soviet industry, the Five-Year Plans,
policies? Five-Year Plans? collectivisation in agriculture.

Why did Stalin As above

introduce
collectivisation?

How successful As above

were Stalin's
economic
changes?

How were the Describe life in the Soviet Union: the differing
Soviet people experiences of social groups, ethnic minorities and
affected by these women.
changes?
Depth Study C: The USA, 1919-41
1.1 How far Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
did the US
economy On what factors Describe the expansion of the US economy during the
boom in the was the 1920s
1920s? economic boom
based?

Why did some Describe mass production in the car and consumer
industries durables industries, the fortunes of older industries, the
prosper while development of credit and hire purchase
others did not?

Why did Describe the decline of agriculture during the 1920s.

agriculture not
share in the
prosperity?

Did all Americans Describe the weaknesses in the economy by the late
benefit from the 1920s.
boom?
Depth Study C: The USA, 1919-41
1.2 How far Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
did US society
change in the What were the Describe society in the 1920s: the 'Roaring Twenties',
1920s? ‘Roaring 20s’? film and other media, prohibition and gangsterism, race
relations, discrimination against black Americans, the Ku
Klux Klan

How widespread As above

was intolerance
in US society?

Why was As above

prohibition
introduced, and
then later
repealed?

How far did the Describe the changing roles of women in the 1920s.
roles of women
change during
the 1920s?
Depth Study C: The USA, 1919-41
1.3 What were Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the causes
and How far was Describe the Wall Street Crash and its financial,
consequences speculation economic and social effects. What was the reaction of
of the Wall responsible for President Hoover to the Crash?
Street Crash? the Wall Street
Crash?

What impact did As above

the Crash have
on the economy?

What were the As above

social
consequences of
the Crash?

Why did The Presidential election of 1932: Hoover's and

Roosevelt win the Roosevelt's programmes.
election of 1932?
Depth Study C: The USA, 1919-41
1.4 How Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
successful
was the New What was the Describe Roosevelt's inauguration and the 'Hundred
Deal? New Deal as Days'.
introduced in Describe the New Deal legislation, the 'alphabetic
1933? agencies' and their work, and the economic and social
changes they caused.

How far did the As above

character of the
New Deal change
after 1933?

Why did the New Describe the opposition to the New Deal: the
Deal encounter Republicans, the rich, business interests, the Supreme
opposition? Court, radical critics like Huey Long.

Why did Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the New

unemployment Deal programme in dealing with unemployment and the
persist despite Depression
the New Deal?

Did the fact that As above

the New Deal did
not solve
unemployment
mean that it was
a failure?
Depth Study D: China, 1945-c.1990
1.1 Why did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
China become
a Communist How far did the Describe the aftermath of the Second World War in
state in 1949? Second World China: the outbreak of Civil War, reasons for the victory
War weaken the of the Communists, the establishment of the People's
Nationalist Republic, 1949 and the nature of Chinese Communism.
government?

How far did the As above

Second World
War strengthen
the Communists?

Why was there As above

widespread
support for the
Communists
amongst the
peasants?

Why did the As above

Communists win
the Civil War?
Depth Study D: China, 1945-c.1990
1.2 How far Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
had
Communist What changes in Describe Communist rule in the 1950s and 1960s: agrarian
rule changed agriculture did reform from 1950, people's courts and the treatment of the
China by the Communist rule landlords, establishment of collectives and communes.
mid-1960s? bring?

What was the Describe social change: the role of women, health, education,
impact of the propaganda and the destruction of traditional culture.
Communists' social
reforms?

How successful Describe industrial developments: the Five-Year Plans and the
were the Five-Year Great Leap Forward.
Plans in increasing
production?

Did the Chinese Describe social change: the role of women, health, education,
people benefit from propaganda and the destruction of traditional culture.
Communist rule?
Depth Study D: China, 1945-c.1990
1.3 What was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the impact of
Communist What have been Describe Chinese foreign policy: changing relationship with the
rule on China's changing USSR; relations with other neighbouring countries, Tibet, India,
China's relationships with Vietnam, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
relations with neighbouring
other states?
countries?
Why did China try Describe the establishment of closer relations with the USA
to improve from 1970.
relations with the
USA after 1970?

How far was Describe Chinese foreign policy: changing relationship with the
China USSR; relations with other neighbouring countries, Tibet, India,
established as a Vietnam, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
superpower by
the time of Mao's
death?

How far have Describe the impact on China's relations with the rest of the
China's relations world of economic liberalisation since Mao's death.
with other
countries
improved since
Mao's death?
Depth Study D: China, 1945-c.1990
1.4 Has Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Communism
produced a cruel Why did Mao launch Describe the Communist Party dictatorship:
dictatorship in the Cultural repression of political opposition, the Hundred
China? Revolution? Flowers campaign, treatment of minority groups

What was the impact of Describe the Cultural Revolution, the role and status
the Cultural Revolution of Mao
on China?

Did the death of Mao Describe the power struggle after Mao's death and
lead to improvements the re-emergence of Deng
in the lives of Chinese
people?

How far did economic Describe the social and political consequences of
development in the economic change in the 1980s and 90s.
1980s also produce
social and political
change?
Depth Study E: Southern Africa in the Twentieth Century
1.1 Why did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
whites in
South Africa How did the Describe British relations with the Boer states:
have disputes discovery of gold annexation of Transvaal, the war of 1880-1 and its
among heighten tensions results, growth of Afrikaner nationalism, the discovery of
themselves, between the gold and the rise of the mining industry, African migrant
c.1880-1910? British and the labour, railway rivalries
Boers?

What were the Describe the roles of Kruger and Rhodes

roles played by
individuals such
as Kruger and
Rhodes?

What was the Describe British annexations in South Africa and their
impact of conflict impact on Africans.
and competition
between the
British and the
Boers on the
African peoples
of South Africa?

Why did war

break out in Describe the causes, course and consequences of the
1899, and with Second Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902 and the formation
what results to of the Union of South Africa.
1910?
Depth Study E: Southern Africa in the Twentieth Century
1.2 How Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
successful
was white rule How successfully Describe the development of South Africa under white
in South did the South rule, 1910-48.
Africa, 1910- African economy
48? develop to 1948?

What was the Describe the commercialisation of farming and the land
nature of white issue: e.g. the Land Settlement Act (1912), the Natives
rule in South Land Act (1913), the Natives Trust and Land Act (1936).
Africa? Describe developments in the mining industry: working
conditions, labour disputes, the Gold Boom and its
effects.
Describe state involvement in the economy and
Industrialisation and urbanisation.

What was the Describe the discriminatory and segregationist policies

impact of white of white rule in the inter-war period.
rule on Africans?

How effectively Describe the development of African nationalism and

did Africans black trade unions and political issues dividing the white
organise minority.
themselves
against the
effects of white
rule?
Depth Study E: Southern Africa in the Twentieth Century
1.3 What was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the nature of
the apartheid Why did the Describe the impact of the Second World War on South
state? National Party Africa together with the 1948 election and the victory of
win the election the National Party.
of 1948?

How was the Describe the apartheid system: the apartheid laws
apartheid system
established?

What impact did Describe the impact of apartheid on the people of South
apartheid have Africa
on the peoples of
South Africa?

How effective Describe the enforcement of apartheid, repression e.g.

was government Sharpeville.
repression of
opposition to
apartheid?
Depth Study E: Southern Africa in the Twentieth Century
1.4 Why did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
white minority
rule come to Did anyone Describe the opposition to white minority rule
an end? benefit from
apartheid?

Why did Describe the campaigns of the African nationalist

opposition to organisations, the roles of leaders such as Biko and
apartheid Mandela in organising resistance
increase?

How important Describe the collapse of apartheid, factors leading to

were external abandonment of minority rule: increasing international
factors in ending condemnation of apartheid
apartheid?

How significant Describe the collapse of apartheid, factors leading to

were the roles of abandonment of minority rule, the roles of De Klerk and
Mandela and De Mandela in the transfer of power, establishment of
Klerk in ending majority rule.
minority rule?
Depth Study E: Southern Africa in the Twentieth Century
1.5 How did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Namibia
achieve its How was Describe the colonisation of Namibia: the establishment
independence Namibia of German colonial rule, the nature of German
from colonial colonised? colonialism and resistance to it.
rule?
What was the Describe South African occupation of Namibia from
impact of colonial 1915: the nature of South African rule and its effects on
rule on the the Namibian people. The working of the League of
peoples of Nations mandate.
Namibia?

Why did South As above

Africa resist
independence for
Namibia?

How important Describe the United Nations and Namibia: the apartheid
were SWAPO system in Namibia, and the development of resistance
and the United to South African rule. SWAPO, the liberation struggle
Nations and the achievement of independence.
Organisation in
achieving
independence for
Namibia?
Depth Study F: Israelis and Palestinians, 1945-c.1994
1.1 How was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the Jewish
state of Israel What was the Describe the Arab and Jewish peoples of Palestine:
established? significance for different cultures, races, languages.
Palestine of the
Describe the aftermath of the Second World War:
end of the
Jewish immigration, Jewish nationalism and the ending
Second World
of the British mandate
War?

What were the As above

causes of conflict
between Jews
and Arabs in
Palestine?

Why did the As above

Arabs reject UNO
plans to partition
Palestine?

Why was Israel Describe the declaration of the state of Israel and the
able to win the war of 1948-9
war of 1948-9?
Depth Study F: Israelis and Palestinians, 1945-c.1994
1.2 How was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Israel able to
survive Why was Israel Describe Israel and its Arab Neighbours: the Suez War
despite the able to win the (1956), the Six-Day War (1967), the Yom Kippur War
hostility of its wars of 1956, (1973), and Israeli incursions into Lebanon.
Arab 1967 and 1973?
neighbours?
How significant Describe the moves towards peace: Camp David and
was superpower subsequent negotiations
involvement in
Arab-Israeli
conflicts?

Why have Israel's As above

neighbours
become more
ready to accept
her existence?

By the 1990s, As above

how far had the
problems which
existed between
Israel and her
neighbours been
solved?
Depth Study F: Israelis and Palestinians, 1945-c.1994
1.3 What has Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
been the
impact on the Why were so Describe the Palestinians and the refugee problem
Palestinians many
of the Palestinians
existence of refugees?
Israel?
How effective has Describe Palestinian nationalism and the formation of
the PLO been in the PLO, activities of the PLO, and international
promoting the acceptance; the role of Arafat
Palestinian
cause?

Why have Arab Describe relations between the PLO and Arab states
states not always
supported the
Palestinians?

How have Describe relations with Israel and moves towards the
international creation of a Palestinian state.
perceptions of
the Palestinian
cause changed
over time?
Depth Study F: Israelis and Palestinians, 1945-c.1994
1.4 What has Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
been the
effect of the How has the Describe the state of Israel: social organisation, the
Arab-Israeli hostility of her experiences of men and women in national service, the
conflict on life Arab neighbours kibbutz.
in Israel? influenced the
Describe relations between Jews and Arabs within Israel
lives of the
and the occupied territories.
people of Israel?

What has been As above

the political
significance of
Judaism within
Israel?

What differences Describe problems of new Jewish settlements and the

have existed differing viewpoints amongst Israelis on dealing with
amongst Israelis Arab neighbours.
about how to
treat the
Palestinians?

Have As above
Palestinians
within Israel and
the occupied
territories been
more or less
fortunate than
Palestinians in
exile?
Depth Study G: The Creation of Modern Industrial Society
1.1 Why did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
industry
develop Why was there Describe the reasons for increasing demand, e.g.
rapidly during increasing population, price, improvements in transport etc.
the nineteenth demand for iron
century? and steel, coal
and textiles, and
how was this
demand met?

How important Describe the impact of technological developments on

were organisation, location and methods of industry.
technological
developments in
the development
of industry?

How were Describe the development of the factory system and

workers affected working conditions.
by the industrial
changes and the Describe workers' responses to changes in working
development of practices and attitudes of factory owners to their
the factory workers.
system?

How important Describe the roles of individuals and legislation in

were a) improving working conditions.
individuals, and
b) legislation, in
improving
working
conditions?
Depth Study G: The Creation of Modern Industrial Society
1.2 How Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
significant
were What were the Describe the growth of industrialisation and the need for
improvements disadvantages of improved transport: the shortcomings of road and canal
to transport in roads and canals transport.
the nineteenth for Britain's
century? transport needs
in the early 19th
century?

Why and how did Describe the problems in developing a railway network
Britain develop a and the work of the Stephensons and Brunel.
railway system?
Describe the roles of government and private finance in
creating a national railway system.

How did Describe the improvements in comfort and safety for

conditions for railway passengers in the second half of the
passengers 19th century.
improve during
the 19th century?

How significant Describe the effects of the growth of railways on canal

were the social and road transport, industry and agriculture, and
and economic different social groups.
consequences of
the railways?
Depth Study G: The Creation of Modern Industrial Society
1.3 What were Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the causes of
urbanisation, Why was there a Describe the changes of centres of population in
and its effects rapid growth of different areas of Britain and the reasons for the growth
on living towns in the 19th of towns.
conditions century?
during the
nineteenth
century? Why did the rapid Describe the reasons for insanitary conditions.
growth of towns
lead to insanitary
conditions?

Why did it take so Describe government and local attitudes to insanitary

long to improve conditions.
conditions in the
towns?

Why had there Describe the attempts at improvement: the Public Health
been some Acts of 1848 and 1875, slum clearance, Chamberlain in
improvement in Birmingham, model towns.
conditions by
1900?
Depth Study G: The Creation of Modern Industrial Society
1.4 How Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
successful
were What attempts Describe working people and industrialisation: early
nineteenth- were made to combinations, trade clubs, friendly societies.
century organise the Describe the role of Owen and the GNCTU, the Co-
working-class working classes? operative Movement, the Chartists and the growth of
movements? New Model Unions

Why were Describe the effect of the Combination Acts and the
working-class Tolpuddle Martyrs.
movements
generally weak in
the first half of
the 19th century?

How successful Describe the attitudes of government and employers

were the courts towards trade unions, the impact of legislation and
and Parliament in decisions of the courts.
limiting the power
of the unions?

How different Describe the growth of unions for unskilled workers:

was 'new farm workers, the match girls and the London Dockers.
unionism' from
the New Model
unions?
Depth Study H: The Impact of Western Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century
1.1 Why did Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
Europeans
take over What had been Describe the extent of imperialism by the start of the
much of the the impact of 19th century, and how much it spread during the
world in the imperialism by century.
nineteenth the start of the
century? 19th century?

How did As above

imperialism
develop during
the 19th century?

What social, Describe the nature of imperialism: social, political,

political, military, military, economic and religious reasons for imperialism.
economic and
religious factors Describe European attitudes towards imperialism, and
encouraged towards non-European races.
imperialism?

How was As above

imperialism
justified at the
time?
Depth Study H: The Impact of Western Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century
1.2 What was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the nature and
impact of What was the Describe Chinese society and attitudes towards
nineteenth- nature of Chinese foreigners before c.1840 and the causes and results of
century society in the the Opium Wars.
imperialism in early 19th
China? century?

How did Western Describe the actions of the Western powers in China
countries extend and the role of the missionaries.
their influence in
China in the 19th
century?

How did the Describe the Self-Strengthening Movement and the

Chinese react to Sino-Japanese war and its consequences for China.
European
intervention? Describe the significance of the Boxer rising

How significant Describe the impact of western intervention on Chinese

was the impact of society and culture.
Western
intervention for
China?
Depth Study H: The Impact of Western Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century
1.3 What was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the nature and
impact of What was the Describe Indian society, religions and culture under
nineteenth- nature of British British rule in the first half of the 19th century: the impact
century rule before 1857? of Bentinck and Dalhousie
imperialism in
India? Why did rebellion Describe the causes of the Mutiny of 1857 and the
against British reasons for its failure
rule occur in
1857, and why
did it fail?

How much were Describe the immediate and long-term effects of the
British attitudes Mutiny
and the nature of
their rule
changed by the
events of 1857?

How much was Describe the changes in the nature of British rule in
nineteenth- India
century India
changed by
British rule?
Depth Study H: The Impact of Western Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century
1.4 What was Topic outline You should be able to: Checklist Comments
the nature and
impact of Why was there a Describe the different reasons for European interest in
nineteenth- scramble for Africa and the scramble for Africa and the Berlin
century colonies in Africa Conference.
imperialism in in the 19th
Africa? century?

What different Describe direct and indirect rule by the British in Africa
methods of rule
were used in
Africa by the
Europeans?

How were Describe the effects of European rule on Africans: the

Africans affected impact of Imperialism in Africa for Europeans; colonial
by European rivalry and trade.
rule?
[Note: examination questions on this Depth Study will
not refer to specific African countries, but you will be
expected to refer to relevant examples in your answers.]

Did Europeans As above

benefit from their
colonies in
Africa?
Section 4: Appendices

Examiner command words

Ensure that you know the meaning (and differences) of the following words that you will
encounter in your examinations:

Word Meaning

DESCRIBE …………………………………………………………..

EXPLAIN …………………………………………………………..

WHAT …………………………………………………………..

HOW FAR …………………………………………………………..

RELIABLE …………………………………………………………..

USEFUL …………………………………………………………..