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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................ i

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................................ii
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................IV
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................................... V

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar belakang ....................................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................................. 2
1.3 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................. 3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Penelitian Sebelumnya ....................................................................................... 5
2.2 Partial Bypass Duct ............................................................................................ 6
2.3 Sulfur ..................................................................................................................8
2.4 Flue Gas Desulfurization ...................................................................................9
2.5 Udara ..................................................................................................................9
2.6 Konduktivitas Termal ....................................................................................... 10
2.7 Stack/ Chimney .................................................................................................11
2.8 Dispersi ..............................................................................................................12
2.9 Klimatologi dan Meteorologi ............................................................................13
2.9.1 Angin .......................................................................................................13
2.9.2 Tekanan Udara dan Temperatur ............................................................... 14
2.10 Persamaan Pendekatan Numerik .............................................................. 14
2.11 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ............................................................. 16
2.11.1 Metode Diskritisasi CFD ......................................................................16
2.11.2 Geometri dan Meshing ..........................................................................19
2.11.3 Kondisi Batas ........................................................................................ 19
2.12 Hipotesis ...................................................................................................................... 20

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BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Metodologi Penelitian ...................................................................................... 21
3.2 Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................................... 21
3.3 Alat Bantu Penelitian....................................................................................... 21
3.4 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .........................................................................22
3.5 Model Sistem dan Desain Geometri ................................................................ 23
3.6 Prosedur Penelitian ........................................................................................... 25
3.7 Diagram Alir Penelitian ....................................................................................26

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Distribusi Temperatur ..................................................................................... 29
4.2 Penyebaran Gas Buang ke Lingkungan .......................................................... 32
4.2.1 Dispersi Gas SO2 ke Lingkungan ....................................................... 33
4.2.2 Dispersi Gas CO2 Ke Lingkungan ...................................................... 36
4.2.3 Dispersi Gas N2 Ke Lingkungan ........................................................ 39
4.2.5 Dispersi Gas CO di Lingkungan ........................................................ 41

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan .....................................................................................................45
5.2 Saran ...............................................................................................................45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Komposisi gas di udara ........................................................................................ 10

Tabel 2.2 Konduktivitas termal beberapa bahan umum ...................................................... 10
Table 3.1 Data data desain FGD .......................................................................................... 24
Table 3.2 Data Desain Geometri stack ................................................................................24

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Partial Bypass ....................................................................................................7

Gambar 2.2 Guillotine Damper............................................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.3 Komponen-komponen FGD ..............................................................................9
Gambar 2.4 Stack / chimney.................................................................................................11
Gambar 2.5 Fluktuasi kecepatan angin akibat turbulensi mekanis dan turbulensi
termal........................................................................................................................ 13
Gambar 2.6 (a) Pembagian control volume 1 dimensi (b) Panjang control volume ...........17
Gambar 2.7 Gride 2 dimensi ............................................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.8 Gride 3 dimensi ............................................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.9 Ilustrasi grid hasil meshing domain dari geometri cerobong ......................... 19
Gambar 3.1 Desain skema penelitian.................................................................................23
Gambar 3.2 (a) Desain geometri FGD, Desain Geometri Stack .......................................24
Gambar 4.1 Distribusi temperatur pada flue gas desulfurization dengan kondisi
(a) bukaan damper 0%, (b) bukaan damper 10%, dan (c) bukaan
damper 15% ..........................................................................................................30
Gambar 4.2 Distribusi temperatur di stack/cerobong (a) pada bukaan damper0%,
(b) pada bukaan damper 10%, dan (c) pada bukaan damper 15% ......................... 31
Gambar 4.3 Gambar streamline penyebaran gas buang ke lingkungan (a) pada
bukaan damper 0%, (b) pada bukaan damper 10%, dan (c) pada bukaan
damper 15 % ...........................................................................................................32
Gambar 4.4 Distribusi konsentrasi SO2 di lingkungan pada jarak 1 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ...........................................34
Gambar 4.5 Distribusi konsentrasi SO2 di lingkungan pada jarak 2,5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ...........................................34
Gambar 4.6 Distribusi konsentrasi SO2 di lingkungan pada jarak 5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15%. ..........................................35
Gambar 4.7 Grafik hubungan bukaan damper terhadap konsentrasi tertinggi gas SO2....35
Gambar 4.8 Distribusi konsentrasi CO2 di lingkungan pada jarak 1 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ................................ 37

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Gambar 4.9 Distribusi konsentrasi CO2 di lingkungan pada jarak 2,5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ................................ 37
Gambar 4.10 Distribusi konsentrasi CO2 di lingkungan pada jarak 5 km dari cerobong
Ddengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ................................ 38
Gamba 4.11 Grafik hubungan bukaan damper terhadap konsentrasi tertinggi gas CO2 ...38
Gambar 4.12 Distribusi konsentrasi N2 di lingkungan pada jarak 1 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ........................................39
Gambar 4.13 Distribusi konsentrasi N2 di lingkungan pada jarak 2,5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ................................ 40
Gambar 4.14 Distribusi konsentrasi N2 di lingkungan pada jarak 5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ..........................................40
Gambar 4.15 Grafik hubungan bukaan damper terhadap konsentrasi tertinggi gas N2 .....41
Gambar 4.16 Distribusi konsentrasi CO di lingkungan pada jarak 1 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ..........................................42
Gambar 4.17 Distribusi konsentrasi CO di lingkungan pada jarak 2,5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ................................ 42
Gambar 4.18 Distribusi konsentrasi CO di lingkungan pada jarak 5 km dari cerobong
dengan bukaan damper (a) 0%, (b) 10% dan (c) 15% ..........................................43
Gambar 4.19 Grafik hubungan bukaan damper terhadap konsentrasi tertinggi gas CO ...43

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