IMPROVING THE NETWORK LIFETIME OF MANET

THROUGH CO-OPERATIVE MAC PROTOCOL DESIGN

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

H.SARANYA (212212106129)
K.THIVYA (212212106159)
G.PRIYA (212212106313)

in the partial fulfillment of the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SAVEETHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025
APRIL 2016
 ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “IMPROVING THE NETWORK LIFETIME

OF MANET THROUGH COOPERATIVE MAC PROTOCOL DESIGN” is

the bonafide work of “SARANYA.H (212212106129), THIVYA.K

(212212106159), PRIYA.G (212212106313)” who have carried the project work

under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Ms.SRIGITHA.S.NATH,M.E,(Ph.D) Mr.J.DHANANCHEZIYAN,M.E

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Associate professor Assistant Professor

Department of ECE, Department of ECE,

Saveetha Engineering College, Saveetha Engineering College,

Chennai-602105. Chennai-602105.

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 PROJECT APPROVAL SHEET

The project approval sheet “IMPROVING THE NETWORK LIFETIME OF

MANET THROUGH COOPERATIVE MAC PROTOCOL DESIGN”
submitted by SARANYA H (212212106129), THIVYA K (212212106159),
PRIYA G (212212106313) is approved for submission, as a partial requirement
for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication, Anna University, during the academic year 2015-2016.

Submitted for the University project examination held on_____________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If words were considered as symbols of approval and token of

acknowledgement, then let words play the heralding role of not only praising and
glorification but also to exhibit the deeply embedded feelings of thanks and
gratefulness.

We would like to thank whole heartedly our beloved Founders President

Dr.N.M.VEERAIYAN, our President Dr.V.SAVEETHA, our Director
Dr.S.RAJESH, the management and our Respected Principal Dr.E.N.GANESH
for giving us the opportunity to do this project.

We express our sincere thanks to Ms.SRIGITHA.S.NATH M.E.,(Ph.D.), ,

Associate Professor, Head of the Department, Electronics and communication
Engineering of our college for providing us facilities and permission to carry out
our project work.

We mention our special thanks to our Project coordinator

Mr.S.PRAVEEN KUMAR M.E.,(Ph.D.), Associate professor, Electronics and
communication Engineering for his guidance and support. We manifest our deep
sense of gratitude to our Supervisor, Mr.J.DHANANCHEZIYAN M.E.,
Assistant Professor for his enormous support rendered to us.

Finally we take this opportunity to acknowledge the efforts of staff members

and friends at Saveetha Engineering College and our family members for this
sincere co-operation in guiding us through this endeavor.

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 ABSTRACT

In Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) nodes can directly communicate with all the
other nodes within their radio ranges, whereas nodes that not in the direct
communication range use intermediate nodes to communicate with each other.
Nodes in MANET are powered by electro-chemical batteries whose capacity is
limited. Servicing and/or replacing these batteries may not be feasible. Therefore,
to extend the network lifetime some power aware mechanism has to be built into
the system. To deal with the complicated medium access interactions, an efficient
Cooperative Medium Access Control (CMAC) protocol is needed. In this paper,
we propose a novel cross-layer distributed energy-adaptive location-based CMAC
protocol, namely DEL-CMAC, for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). The
design objective of DEL-CMAC is to improve the performance of the MANETs in
terms of network lifetime and energy efficiency. A practical energy consumption
model is utilized in this paper, which takes the energy consumption on both
transceiver circuitry and transmit amplifier into account. A distributed utility-based
best relay selection strategy is incorporated, which selects the best relay based on
location information and residual energy. Furthermore, with the purpose of
enhancing the spatial reuse, an innovative network allocation vector setting is
provided to deal with the varying transmitting power of the source and relay
terminals. We show that the proposed DEL-CMAC significantly prolongs the
network lifetime in MANET and enhancement in the throughput level.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE AND NEED 1

1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM 1

1.2.1 EPAR(Efficient Power Aware 1

Routing Algorithm)

1.2.2 Cooperative Communication 2

1.2.3 Cooperative MAC Protocol 2

1.2.4 Disadvantages of Existing Systems 3

1.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 3

1.3.1 Advantages of Proposed System 5

1.4 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 5

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY IN WIRELES 6

NETWORKS USING BEST RELAY SELECTION

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 2.2 DISTRIBUTED SPACE-TIME CODE PROTOCOL 6

EXPLOITING COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY

IN WIRELESS NETWORKS

2.3 ALERT:AN ANONYMOUS LOCATION BASED 7

EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MANETS

2.4 ENERGY EFFICIENT TOPOLOGY CONTROL 8

COOPERATIVE ADHOC NETWORKS

2.5 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AODV, 9

DSDV &DSR ROUTING PROTOCOL

IN GRID ENVIRONMENT

3 MANET 11

3.1 INTRODUCTION 11

3.2 FEATURES OF MANET 11

3.3 PROBLEMS IN MANET 12

3.3.1 Vulnerabilities of MANET 12

3.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF MANETs 14

3.5 TYPES OF MANET 15

3.6 ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MANET 15

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 3.6.1 Destination-Sequenced 15

Distance Vector (DSDV)

3.6.2 Selection of Routes 16

3.6.3 Advantages of DSDV 17

3.6.4 Disadvantages of DSDV 17

3.7 Ad-HOC ON-DEMAND DISTANCE 17

VECTOR ROUTING(AODV)

3.8 DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING(DSR) 18

4. THE ROUTING METHODOLOGY OF 20

DELCMAC PROTOCOL

4.1 INTRODUCTION 20

4.2 FRAME PROCESSING 22

4.3 SINGLE HOP WIRELESS NETWORK 26

4.4 MULTI HOP WIRELESS NETWORK 27

4.5 MODULES 28

4.5.1 Network Deployment 28

4.5.2 Relay Node Selection 29

4.5.3 Utility Based Relay Node Selection 32

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 4.5.4 Performance Evaluation 33

4.6 SIMULATION PARAMETERS 34

4.7 DISTRIBUTED COORDINATION 35

FUNCTION(DCF)

4.8 NETWORK ALLOCATION VECTOR(NAV) 37

5. NETWORK SIMULATOR 39

5.1 INTRODUCTION 39

5.2 SIMULATION AND EMULATION 40

5.3 TYPES OF NETWORK SIMULATOR 41

5.3.1 Commercial and Open 41

Source Simulators

5.3.2 Network Simulator 2(NS2) 43

5.4 NETWORK SIMULATOR 2(NS2) 43

5.4.1 Overview 43

5.4.2 Main Features 44

5.4.3 Recent Development and 45

Its Future

5.4.4 NS2 Phases 45

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 5.4.5 TCL Programming Language 46

5.5 Features of TCL 47

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 48

6.1 OVERVIEW OF RESULTS 48

6.2 SIMULATED RESULTS 49

6.3 GRAPHICAL RESULT 54

6.4 CONCLUSION 56

7. REFERENCES 57

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO

3.1 ROUTING TABLE FOR NODES 16

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DELCMAC 20
PROTOCOL
4.2 MULTI HOP SCENARIO 21
4.3 FRAME EXCHANGING PROCESS OF 23
DELCMAC
4.4 SINGLE HOP NETWORK 26
4.5 MULTI HOP WIRELESS NETWORK 27
4.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 28
4.7 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF NETWORK 29
DEPLOYMENT
4.8 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RELAY NODE 31
SELECTION
4.9 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF UTILITY BASED 32
REALY NODE SELECTION
4.10 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PERFORMANCE 34
EVALUATION
4.11 SIMULATION PARAMETERS 34
4.12 DISTRIBUTED COORDINATION FUNCTION 36
5.1 TYPES OF NETWORK SIMULATOR 42
5.2 FEATURES OF OTCL 44
6.1 CREATION OF NODES 49
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6.2 COMMUNICATION ESTABLISHMENT 51
6.3 MOBILITY OF NODES 52
6.4 DATA TRANSMISSION 53
6.5 REALY NODE SELECTION 54

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION EXPANSION

DELCMAC Distributed Energy Location Based Cooperation

Medium Access Control

ALERT Anonymous Location Based Efficient

Routing Protocol

MANET Mobile Adhoc Network

VANET Vehicular Area Network

AODV Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol

DSDV Destination Sequenced Distance Vector

DSR Dynamic Source Routing protocol

EPAR Efficient Power Aware Routing protocol

CMAC Cooperative Medium Access Control

CC Cooperative Communication

RTS Request To Send

CTS Clear To Send

ETH Eager To Help

II Interference Indicator

DCF Distributed Coordination Function

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