य ांत्रिक अनुदेश

ENGINEERING INSTRUCTION
ऑप्टिकल ट्राँसपोिट नेिवकट कर परिचय
INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK
क्रमरांक :िीआि/ओिीएन/ए-028
No.: TR/OTN/A-028

पष्ृ ठ सांख्यर (No. of Pages) : 13

जरिी क्रमरांक (Issue Number) : 01

जरिीकतरट (Issued By) : QA & Inspection Circle

अनम
ु ोददत (Approved By) : CGM, QA & Inspection

जरिी किने कर ददनरांक (Date of Issue) : 31/03/2017

सांशोधन क्रमरांक (यदद कोई)(Amendment No. If Any): Nil

पष्ृ ठ सांसोधधत (Page Nos. Amended) :

जरिीकतरट (Issued By) :

अनम
ु ोददत (Approved By) :

जरिी किने कर ददनरांक (Date of Issue) :

केवि भ रत सांच र ननगम कममच ररयों के उपयोग हे तु

(Restricted use by BSNL Employees only)

All efforts have been made to incorporate all relevant up to date information available, any
discrepancies or need for addition or deletion is felt necessarily may please be intimated to
this office for further improvement, on E-Mail Id agmcmtnd@gmail.com.

भ रत सांच र ननगम लिलमटे ड BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

(भरित सिकरि कर उपक्रम)
गण
ु वत्त आश्व सन एवां ननरीक्षण
पररमांडि,
सांचरि ववकरस भवन,
िे सीडेंसी िोड, जबलपिु ,
मध्यप्रदे श – 482001
(A Govt. of India Enterprise)
QA & INSPECTION CIRCLE,
SANCHAR VIKAS BHAWAN,
RESIDENCY ROAD, JABALPUR,
MP-482001
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INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK

1. Scope:
This EI deals with the common and in some cases some special Installation, Operation &
Maintenance practices to be followed in IO & M of OTN being inducted in the Core Network of
BSNL.

2. General Introduction:
Optical Transport Network (OTN) as the name suggests is a complete transport network for
transporting the user payloads in the form of optical signals between the designated source and
sink nodes.

BSNL has a very strong Core Network to cater to the high demand in bandwidth requirement by
the clients residing in the boundary of the Access networks viz STM1/4-SDH at the low level
aggregation, STM16/64 at the medium level aggregation and the DXC at the zonal level
aggregation & transport. All the client signals are protected at all levels with appropriate
protection mechanisms. The STM1/4/16/64 is protected with MSSP Ring & SNC and DXC with
ASON protection. However the transport connectivity by DWDM is not protected. The protection
is envisaged in the aggregation level only.

The OTN is introduced in the core network for the inter-zonal traffic transport residing over and
above the already laid network and connecting cities within and outside the zones based on the
traffic being carried between them. The network is laid in 2-phases initially and the next phases
are already in pipeline.

a) OTN provides transport for all digital payloads of narrowband and broadband services like:

 SDH/SONET
 IP based services
 Ethernet services
 ATM services
 Fiber Channel services
 Audio/Video services

b) International Telecom Specifications of OTN (not restricted to)

 Network architecture:G.872
 Structures and mapping G.709
 Equipment functional specs:G.798
 Equipment management func:G.874
 Jitter and wander performances:G.8251

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3. The Equipment:
The OTN is a comprehensive transport network having an OTN-DXC as a core switch and related
DWDMs as the transport arms. The DWDMs are of LH type catering up to 800KM without
regeneration. Regenerators are proposed wherever the distance to be catered to is beyond 800KMs
or wherever part of traffic is to be dropped.

There are no Transponders in the system. The client interfaces and the line interfaces are
separated and a switch matrix resides between the two to switch the client signals to the desired
line in a desired direction.

The OTN being currently procured has a switch matrix capacity of 2.5Tbps and can transport the
signals up to 9 directions using the ROADMs. The switch matrix is with 1:3 protection, the
control card is in 1+1 protection and the power supply is dual-input & load share. The service
layer protection is by L-1 ASON and the switching is at various ODU levels (ODU-0, 1, 2, 4)

The clients it caters to are STM1/4/16/64, GE, 10G-LAN/WAN, and 100G etc. In addition FC
interfaces are also supported (though not called for in the PO). On the line side the bandwidth is
100G per channel and per link bandwidth is 80 Channel. It is a whooping 8000G per link/per
direction. Just by increasing the switch matrix capacity the proposed network can cater to the
bandwidth requirement for the next 10 years. However as a start-up the channels ordered are just
2 only.

All client interfaces are multirate-multiprotocol type i.e. it can cater to multiple line rates
(STM1/4) and multiple protocols (STM/GE)

The Client signals are first converted/ mapped into an ODU and are switched at the switch matrix
to the desired line interface. The protection mechanism supported is OTN-ASON (L1-ASON) in a
mesh network.

The 100G line interface can cater to 80-ODU0 (up to 1.25G) or 40-ODU1 (up to 2.5G) or 10-
ODU2 (10G) or 2-ODU3 (40G) or 1-ODU4 (100G) or a mix of any up to 100G.

The line cards are tuneable to any of the C-band wavelength @ 50GHz. The supported
wavelengths are given in the end. The line signals are carried to the distant ends through a
combination of ROADM and DWDM links. The ROADMs can add/drop signals at different
directions (up to 9 directions in this PO) and thus forming a Mesh Network.

A notable change in the DWDM link is the dispensing of DCMs. As the line interfaces are of
coherent type, the dispersion in the link is compensated by the line interfaces itself thus
dispensing the DCMs at every station. However the maximum dispersion that can be allowed in
the link shall be restricted to 14400ps/nm.km.

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I. OTN Mapping Structure:

II. Why OTN:

OTN offers the following advantages relative to SONET/SDH:

 Stronger Forward Error Correction
 More Levels of Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)
 Transparent Transport of Client Signals
 Switching Scalability

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III. Equipment details supplied by FIBERHOME.

OTN Switch 3.2Tbps bi-directional non- blocking with cross connect capabilities and 80λ per
direction with chassis.
1) Rack & Power supply
Optical Amplifier Cards (OA/PA):
1) Amplifier
(i) C-band optical pre Amplifier card
(ii) C-band optical booster Amplifier card (21 dbm)
Testing Card:
1) Optical Performance monitoring card (8channel)
Line Cards (ILN4):
1) 100G Line Card
Tributary cards:
i. 100G Client interface card (1TN4)
ii. Interface 10x10G Card (10TN2)
iii. Interface 16x2.5G Card (16TN1)
MUX/DEMUX Cards:
i. 40:1 MUX (with VOA, C, E)
ii. 1:40 DEMUX (with C, E)
Optical Cards:
i. OSE Channel Add/Drop Card
ii. Optical Channel inter-leaver card (50Hz)
iii. Cross Connect card
iv. Enhanced dual optical supervisory channel card
v. WSS Card (9/5 directional ROADM)
vi. Enhanced dual optical supervisory channel card
Control Cards:
i. Central control card
ii. Enhanced frame control card
iii. Element management card

4. The project:
The IO&M of the entire network is laid by M/s FiberHome on a turn-key basis. The equipment is
supplied, Installed, Commissioned and Maintained for the next 7 years by them. It doesn’t
absolve the BSNL from any of its obligations in maintaining the network. The scope of the AMC
is as per the PO.

5. Guidelines for Installation

Though the Installation is the responsibility of the contractor, BSNL has to provide the power
supply, designated place for installation and other support for successful & speedy completion.

It is suggested to follow standard installation practice of BSNL and install the equipment in the
transmission rooms having enough space for future expansion, preferably in an Air-conditioned

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Environment as the equipment will be dissipating more heat due to the smaller foot-print for such
a bandwidth.

An OTN Node will have an OTN rack catering to the switch and client and line interfaces. The
other is a DWDM rack having MUX/DEMUX, ROADM (6 or 9º) and associated amplifiers (PA
& OA). The number of racks will be as per the capacities defined in PO. The site wise BoQ is
already spelt in the tender/PO. Every direction will terminate a DWDM link. The sites are of
either 6-directional or 9-directional ones. Hence so many DWDM links will be terminating at the
OTN node.

The inter-rack cabling may be as per the standard practice. All cables emanating & terminating
shall be suitably labelled.

As the racks are standard type 2200mm x 600mm x 330mm (with about 330mm depth), the
installation can be on a back-to-back basis.

The power supply requirement will be more (can go up to 85~100Amps) and hence the feeder
cable can be chosen accordingly from the cubicle to the transmission room.

It is suggested to use all the MCBs provided to have a smooth hit-less upgrade. All the cables
shall be marked/ labelled so as to have an easy identification. The FDMS can be co-located or
located at the vicinity for easy cabling. Always use the extractor to pull out the patch cords /
SFPs.

The BSNL station-in-charge may supervise the entire installation as the contractor may or may
not be well versed with the installation practices of BSNL. Any deviation may be immediately
pointed out for rectification so as to avoid the delay / repetition of the work.

As the Network is being laid for strengthening the BSNL Core Network to cater to the large
amount of high-end clients, it is suggested to coordinate with the contractor to complete the job in
time for early commissioning and realization of the investment.

6. Guidelines for Commissioning:

Upon successful installation, the systems may be offered to QA & Inspection Circle for
conducting A/T. Any suggestion made during A/T may be comprehensively implemented in view
of the easy maintenance. Any deviation noticed during A/T may be attended immediately so as to
speed up the commissioning.

BSNL CO may give certain guidelines to configure the system in a manner which is
advantageous. Any such guideline shall be strictly adhered to. BSNL CO may also be issuing the
SLAs to be configured to the individual clients. This shall also be strictly adhered.

7. Guidelines for Operation & Maintenance:

The OTN network is a huge bandwidth carrying network. Any failure will affect a junk of
bandwidth thus reducing the speed of operation by the end-clients. The entire network is managed
by the EMS (located at Bangalore & with a DR EMS at New Delhi) having clients placed at
strategic locations for assisting the field units to attend the faults quickly.

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The failure of the equipment is a rare phenomenon and the regular fault is due to fibre cuts en-
route.
The critical alarms are sent to the in-charge through SMS as soon as they occur by the EMS.
Hence the time taken to bring to the notice of the concerned is greatly reduced.

The station in-charge shall act immediately by pressing the maintenance staff of the station as
well as the route maintenance to work on rectification of the fault.
Though the client service is already switched to the healthy link, the bandwidth capacity is
reduced which will still be a concern for the bandwidth thirsty clients. Hence the speedy
rectification is the need of the hour.

The DWDM link should be configured for APR functionality to reduce the optical power to an
un-harming level. This is an important aspect to be noted.

There are four type of services (Service Level Agreements (SLAs)) supported by the system.
1. Platinum service – a service which has a protection path reserved all the time. Hence the
switching time is always <50ms. The availability of this service is excellent and hence is costliest.
2. Gold service – a service which has a protection path reserved till first failure and for
subsequent failures, the path is searched after failure occurs and switched. This is called as
Restoration. Hence the switching time for the first failure is <50ms and subsequently around
200ms. It is suggested to use “revertive” type of working for this service. The availability of this
service is very good and hence is costlier.
3. Silver service – a service for which a protection path is searched after the failure occurs. Hence
the switching time is always around 200ms. The availability of this service is good and hence is
costly.
4. Bronze service – a service which is not protected. The availability is not defined or OK or
satisfactory or low. Hence this service is cheaper.
Depending on the requirement of the client, the services are configured and charged.
BSNL CO may define the type of service to be provided client wise.

Currently there are two ways in which the service can be configured. The vendor will be
providing SW upgrades on a later date for any other type required by BSNL.
1. Based on the number of hops: The service will take a path between the source and sink based
on the less number of nodes between them. This can be configured service wise.
2. Based on the path cost: The cost here is defined based on the stability. A stable path is least
costly and the unstable path is costlier. The service will take a path between the source and sink
based on the least path cost. This can be configured service wise.
3. There can be a mix of the above too which is used in a complicated network/situation.

8. Guidelines for preventive maintenance:

Though there is nothing much to be done for preventive maintenance, it is suggested to have a
look in to the health of the DWDM links. The DWDM links will automatically adjust the
power/gain of the amplifier to cater to the small losses in the fibres.

Using the OPM card it is suggested to monitor the channel optical powers and their flatness so
that the most attenuated wavelength is not at disadvantage and is prone to error.

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As most of the precautions are taken during the installation, it is suggested to monitor the flatness
of the channel powers regularly.

The most important parameter is the OSNR. The OSNR at the end of the link (at the PA of the
far-end) shall be maintained within the specified level or at least 2 to 3 dB above the end of life
value.

Any fibre incurring heavy loss (nearly or more than 25dB/section) should be changed
immediately. It is suggested to have a spare fibre pair in any fault prone section.

In certain cases, the dispersion may be the limiting factor. In such cases the dispersion shall be
limited to 14400ps/nm.km for an 800KM amplified link.
At the intermediate line amplifiers, there is no specific activity that is required as preventive
maintenance except for the power supply.

The route maintenance personnel are suggested to have a prior knowledge of any HDD activity
carried out by other agencies. The agencies may be requested to inform their activity at any
section so that the failure (if any) can be known immediately and the time taken to pin-point the
fault is made easier.
These are only a tip of the iceberg of the maintenance activities which our staffs are well aware
of.

Any section/road/route that is carrying the fibres to the different destinations shall be informed to
the station-in-charge so as to use the SRLG parameter to switch the signals away from a common
failure prone area. Any activity at this section/route/road may lead to failure of fibres destined to
different locations. So switching the signals to the fibre laid in the same road/section/route is not a
wise decision as the currently good one may also fail after some time. In such cases the SRLG
will be useful to switch the signals to a completely diversified route.

9. Conclusion:
The proposed OTN in the core network of BSNL is a futuristic idea to cater to the growing
demand of bandwidth. The proposed network can be expanded to a very huge size about 8peta
bytes (8000tera bytes) per direction. BSNL in future may go for OXCs which will overlay on the
OTN. It is therefore a prestigious project and the successful implementation will bring accolades
to BSNL and will pave way for the increased revenue.

It is recommended to continuously monitor the network and get the faults attended quickly to
garner more and more high-yield clients

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10.The multi-degree ROADM

11.The WSS in ROADM

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12.An example of how the client signals are mapped/switched and directed
to the desired direction

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13.The supported wavelengths (every line card/interface is tuneable)

Frequency in THz Wavelength in nm Frequency in THz Wavelength in nm

1 196.00 1529.55 196.05 1529.55
2 195.90 1530.33 195.95 1529.94
3 195.80 1531.12 195.85 1530.72
4 195.70 1531.90 195.75 1531.51
5 195.60 1532.68 195.65 1532.29
6 195.50 1533.47 195.55 1533.07
7 195.40 1534.25 195.45 1533.86
8 195.30 1535.04 195.35 1534.64
9 195.20 1535.82 195.25 1535.43
10 195.10 1536.61 195.15 1536.22
11 195.00 1537.40 195.05 1537.00
12 194.90 1538.19 194.95 1537.79
13 194.80 1538.98 194.85 1538.58
14 194.70 1539.77 194.75 1539.37
15 194.60 1540.56 194.65 1540.16
16 194.50 1541.35 194.55 1540.95
17 194.40 1542.14 194.45 1541.75
18 194.30 1542.94 194.35 1542.54
19 194.20 1543.73 194.25 1543.33
20 194.10 1544.53 194.15 1544.13
21 194.00 1545.32 194.05 1544.92
22 193.90 1546.12 193.95 1545.72
23 193.80 1546.92 193.85 1546.52
24 193.70 1547.72 193.75 1547.32
25 193.60 1548.51 193.65 1548.11
26 193.50 1549.32 193.55 1548.91
27 193.40 1550.12 193.45 1549.72
28 193.30 1550.92 193.35 1550.52
29 193.20 1551.72 193.25 1551.32
30 193.10 1552.52 193.15 1552.12
31 193.00 1553.33 193.05 1552.93
32 192.90 1554.13 192.95 1553.73
33 192.80 1554.94 192.85 1554.54
34 192.70 1555.75 192.75 1555.34
35 192.60 1556.55 192.65 1556.15
36 192.50 1557.36 192.55 1556.96
37 192.40 1558.17 192.45 1557.77
38 192.30 1558.98 192.35 1558.58
39 192.20 1559.79 192.25 1559.39
40 192.10 1560.61 192.15 1560.20

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14.BSNL Phase I & Phase II plan for OTN

References-

The information in this EI are sourced from

1. BSNL Tender/PO
2. TEC GR TEC/GR/TX/OTN-001/01/MAR-13
3. OTN Tutorial by ITU-T, G.709

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Abbreviations-

AMC Annual Maintenance Contract

APR Auto Power Reduction
ASON Automatically Switched Optical Network
A/T Acceptance Testing
BoQ Bill of Quantity
DCM Dispersion Compensation Module
DEMUX De-multiplexer
DR EMS Disaster Recovery EMS
DXC Digital Cross Connect
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
EMS Element Management System
FC Fibre Channel
FDMS Fibre Distribution Management System
GE Gigabit Ethernet
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling Machines
IO&M Installation, Operation and Maintenance
L1-ASON Layer1 ASON
LAN Local Area Network
LH Long Haul
MCB Miniature Circuit Breakers
MSSPRing Multiplex Section Shared Protection-Ring
MUX Multiplexer
OA Optical Amplifier
ODU Optical Data Unit
OPM Optical Power Monitoring
OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
OTN Optical Transport Network
OTN-DXC Optical Transport Network- Digital Cross Connect
OXC Optical Cross Connects
PA Pre Amplifier
PO Purchase Order
ROADM Re-configurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SFP Small Form Pluggable
SLA Service Level Agreement
SMS Short Messaging System
SNC Sub Network Connection
STM Synchronous Transport Module
SW Software
WAN Wide Area Network
WSS Wavelength Selective Switch

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