Proc. of 2015 2nd Int.
Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Indonesia, Oct 16-18th
Harmonic Current Elimination in Industrial Power
Systems
Deria Pravitasari
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information
Technology
Gadjah Mada University, Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281
Department of Electrical Engineering Tidar University
Kapten S.Parman 39 Magelang 56116 Indonesia
deria.pravitasari@gmail.com
Abstract— This paper discusses the elimination of harmonic
currents in the industrial power system utilizing adjustable speed
drives. The harmonic current pattern measured and simulation
results will be compared to IEEE-Std 519-2014. ASD can
generate harmonic currents caused by front-end or input
rectifier which tends to draw in the form of non-sinusoidal
currents and not continuous. Based on the measurement data
THDi value reached 686.53%, IRMS at 928.75A and Ifund at
1285.6 A in one phase. Although the value THDi once installed
filters still shows the %THDi value above the standard allowable
value, this may be evidence that the LC filter can be used to
eliminate harmonic currents on adjustable speed drives.
Keywords— harmonic; adjustable speed drives; harmonic
filter; industrial load.
I. INTRODUCTION
Harmonic distortion [1] is not a new phenomenon on
power systems. Nonlinear devices in the power system are
caused harmonic distortion. Harmonic are sinusoidal voltages
and currents having frequencies multiple of fundamental
frequency [2]. The voltage and current waveforms in AC
power circuits are expected to be sinusoidal, with constant
amplitude and frequency.
Electronic power converters have become one of the major
sources of harmonics in the industrial power system [3]. In
industrial power system, the application of adjustable speed
drives (ASD) is increasing due to improved efficiency, energy
saving and process control. The flexibility of ASD in use with
induction motor has made the ASD very common item in
many applications [4]. The ASD consist of three components
that is the front end or the rectifier, inverter, and DC link
which connects the rectifier to the inverter and filter the DC
voltage.
The rectifier part of the ASD produces harmonics in the
line currents. The diode, rectifier produces fifth, seventh, and
higher-order harmonics. The current harmonics depend on the
drive construction and the voltage harmonics are the current
harmonics multiplied by the supply impedance [5]. The
drawback of ASDs is that is considered a major producer of
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978-1-4799-9863-0/15/$31.00
2015 IEEE
Eka Firmansyah, T. Haryono
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information
Technology
Gadjah Mada University
Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
eka.firmansyah@ugm.ac.id; thr@ugm.ac.id
harmonic. The harmonic produced by is due to the inherent
nonlinearity associated with its switching operation.
The solution commonly used to reduce harmonics is to
install a harmonic filter in the right place. One filter used is a
passive broadband filter [6] [7]. Expected by filtering, for
some order harmonic mitigation can be done at once. In the
three-phase four-wire system arising from the effects of
harmonics is the current and a voltage waveform distortion.
Observed a direct result of this disorder is the increasing
current flowing in the neutral wire [8].
The IEEE standard 519-2014 recommends limits for
current and voltage distortion. Harmonic current limits are
specified for individual customers. These are evaluated at the
point of common coupling between the customer and the
power system. Harmonic voltage limits are specified for the
overall power system and provide and indication of the power
quality that a customer can expect.
This paper will be discussed harmonic mitigation
techniques on characteristic harmonics generated by the
industry, in the region of Yogyakarta. With this research can
be defined a method that is not only able to suppress
harmonics but also reliable. Based on the description above,
this study is important and necessary to the originality and
novelty as well as the contribution of this study lies in: power
distribution systems generally use 3 phase 3 wire system, the
line phase R, S-phase and T-phase, medium voltage industrial
usage using a transformer on the primary side of the delta and
in the secondary side of the transformer using a delta or star
configuration. Medium to the distribution system in Central
Java and DIY use three-phase four-wire system, which
comprises a phase wire R, S-phase and T-phase and one
neutral wire. To lower distribution voltages to a voltage
transformer used industrial consumers with a star
configuration to a star or star to delta. With network
conditions distribution contains harmonics, the net system in
Central Java allows line neutral harmonic current will flow on
the primary side of the transformer, so it will have a negative
impact.
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 Proc. of 2015 2nd Int. Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Indonesia, Oct 16-18th

II. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTTION Passive filters have been exteensively used to simultaneously
The common harmonic index, which relaates to the voltage meet one or more objectives and
a also meet the requirement of
waveform, is the THD, which is defined as a the root means IEEE Standard 519 with resppect to total demand distortion
square (rms) of the harmonic expressed as a percentage of the (TDD) at the point common coupling (PCC). Figure 2 shows
fundamental component. common type of passive filter and
a their configuration.
In a Single Tuned Filter, thee inductive and capacitive
reactance should be equal at thee tuned frequency:
∑ (1)
=
1
Where: = (3)
Vn is the single frequency RMS voltage at haarmonic n, Where (is the tuned frequency in radians. It is given by
N is the maximum harmonic order to be conssidered, 1
V1 is the fundamental line to neutral RMS vooltage. = (4)
√
Current distortion level can also be chharacterized by a If X0 is the reactance of the cappacitor or a filter reactor at its
THD value, but it can be misleading whenn the fundamental tuned frequency
load current is low. A high THD value for input current may
1
be not a significant concern if the load is i light, since the = = = (5)
magnitude of the current harmonic is low w, even though its
relatively distortion of the fundamental freqquency is high. To The quality factor of the tunning reactor can be chosen
avoid such ambiguity a total demand distorrtion (TDD) factor between 10-25, Q determines thhe sharpness of tuning
is used instead, defined as:
(6)
∑ = =
= (2)

B. Single-tuned filters
It’s a single RLC circuit tuned to the frequency of one
III. PASSIVE FILTER FOR ELIMINATIN
NG HARMONIC
particular harmonic. An LC circuit resonates at particular
Industrial and commercial power systems usually frequency.
incorporate power capacitors to improve thee power factor and
provide reactive power for voltage support. When the system =2
includes sources of harmonic current, such as
a adjustable speed 1
drives, the capacitor may be used in power harmonic filter to =
2 √
minimize the harmonic voltage applied to thet system load at At the frequency the filter circuit
c offer low impedance to
the point of common coupling. harmonic f and high impeddance to other harmonic. The
A model of a distribution system pow wering a nonlinear capacitor value, which will bee used in the single tuned filter
load shown on Figure 1 where a typical location where a previously calculated as:
harmonic filter can be added. The utility is modeled as a
source with impedance consisting of line resistance
r and line (7)
inductance. = Tan T
Tan
A. Passive Filters, Where
Passive filters are made of inductance, capacitance, and (8)
resistance element. They are relatively inexppensive compared = Cos
with other means of eliminating harmonic distortion
d and have
the disadvantage of potential adverse inteeractions with the
power system.

Fig. 1. A Typical distributing system showing a poossible location for a

harmonic filter

Fig. 2. Shunt Passive Filter

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 Proc. of 2015 2nd Int. Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Indonesia, Oct 16-18th

Reactance of inductor:
Capacitive reactance defined as:
= (12)

= Reactance filter characteristtic:

= (13)
1 Resistance:
=
= (14)

1 Inductance:
=
2 √
= (15)
1 2
=
2
Where: IV. RESULT AN
ND DISCUSSION

= Capacitance (farad)
Harmonic elimination reesearch on load the content
= Fundamental frequency (Hz) industries include measurementt of harmonic distortion at PCC.
Measurements carried out in one of the industrial areas which
are in Yogjakarta. The measurrement results are as follows in
The formula for determining the value of the capacitor to a
Table 1. Briefly described, in the
t industry that there is damage
star configuration is as follows:
to any of the equipment causedd by non-linear loads. Due to the
use of non-linear loads succh as converters, the current
=3 2 . waveform becomes nonsinusooid while still sinusoid voltage
√3 waveform.
= .2 . TABLE 1 The results of measuremeents on one of the industrial areas in
Yogyakarta

= = (9)
.2 .2 .

When a capacitor is delta configuration it cann be formulated as

follows:
=3 2 .
= =
3. .2 3. .2 .
= (10)
3
Where:
P = Active Power (Watt)
= Initial angle
= Required angle
= Voltage (Volt)
= Frequency (Hz)

The inductor value, which will be used inn the single tuned
filter previously calculated as:

Impedance of inductor:
= (11)

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 Proc. of 2015 2nd Int. Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Indonesia, Oct 16-18th

Start

ƒ Voltage
ƒ Power
ƒ Reactive Power
ƒ Cos ϕ
ƒ Quality factor
ƒ Frequency

Calculate :
1. = tan
Fig. 3 Modeling for industrial power system with nonlinear load 2. =
3. =

Power system modeling begins with systems that distribute

non-linear load without a filter. Component Z is the
implementation of the calculation in the
impedance net value can be calculated based on the length of PSIM
the conductor, the conductor resistance value and inductance
obtained by electrical data sheet conductor (www.kmi.co.id)
Value C on harmonic generation obtained from the 1. redesign filter,
capacitance value of capacitor banks. Based on the % THDi 2. changing the type
appropriate
configuration of the capacitor is used, then the value of the ?
of filter,
3. add another filter
capacitance of the capacitor refers to the formula 7-10. Fig. 3.
is modeling for industrial power system with nonlinear load as
harmonics generator.
analysis% THDi after installed filter
Simulations will be performed using a load that similarly
the harmonic measurement results in real terms in the
industry. The dominant harmonic emerges from the results if
End
the data are generally on the order of odd and predominant at a
frequency of 250 Hz, 350 Hz and 550 Hz. Based on
Fig. 5 The flow chart to calculate R. L, and C filters
observations of the current spectrum of phase, it can be seen
that the value of the dominant harmonic is at a frequency of
There is value% THDi very high in the measurement, this may
250 Hz, 350 Hz, and 550 Hz. It corresponds to the harmonic
be due to initial errors in determining the type and rating of
pattern for ASD load, harmonic distortion occurs at 5, 7, and
capacitors used in the compensator. The IEEE 519-2014 [9]
11. Generally the harmonics generated by the load which has a
definite harmonic current limit for individual customer seen in
three-phase rectifier at the front end.
Table 2.
When the configuration of the capacitor bank installed at
the factory is the delta value calculation filter component TABLE 2 Current distortion limits for general distribution system (120 V
adjusted by the formula 10. Based on the calculation of the through 69000 V)
formula 10 obtained values of C is 0.0506 μF. L filter
component value of each is 8017 H, 4:09 H and 1.65 H, to
order harmonics to 5, 7, and 11.Fig. 4 shows the spectrum of
harmonic current source.

120% 100%
100% _ = 686,53%
80% _ =928,75
_ = 1286,5 A
%THDI

60%
40%
18%
20% 06% 03% 01% 01% 01%
00%
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
Harmonic Number

Fig. 4 Input waveform an ASD unfiltered condition

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Proc. of 2015 2nd Int. Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Indonesia, Oct 16-18th

3. Errors in determining the value of the compensator

Fig. 6 The result of the simulation %THDi value before and after the filter component influences the performance of the system, it
installed
will be discussed further in the next research.
The measurement results compared with standard IEEE 519-
2014, then the %THDi value was incompatible. For this REFERENCES
reason that it is necessary to eliminate the harmonic currents
so as not to cause a serious impact on the system. The shunt
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