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Prior to colonization, indigenous Philippine art was integrated into rituals and everyday life rather than being separated into categories like music or theater. Art served communal and functional purposes through mediums such as pottery, weaving, and metalwork. During Islamic colonial rule in Mindanao, art took on Islamic influences like geometric patterns to reflect beliefs in a singular God and the impermanence of nature. Under Spanish rule, art promoted the Catholic faith to support colonialism. American colonizers encouraged secular and commercial art forms while the Japanese occupation emphasized traditional Philippine art. Modern Philippine art explored national identity following independence as contemporary art expressed aspirations for social justice during Martial Law.
Prior to colonization, indigenous Philippine art was integrated into rituals and everyday life rather than being separated into categories like music or theater. Art served communal and functional purposes through mediums such as pottery, weaving, and metalwork. During Islamic colonial rule in Mindanao, art took on Islamic influences like geometric patterns to reflect beliefs in a singular God and the impermanence of nature. Under Spanish rule, art promoted the Catholic faith to support colonialism. American colonizers encouraged secular and commercial art forms while the Japanese occupation emphasized traditional Philippine art. Modern Philippine art explored national identity following independence as contemporary art expressed aspirations for social justice during Martial Law.
Prior to colonization, indigenous Philippine art was integrated into rituals and everyday life rather than being separated into categories like music or theater. Art served communal and functional purposes through mediums such as pottery, weaving, and metalwork. During Islamic colonial rule in Mindanao, art took on Islamic influences like geometric patterns to reflect beliefs in a singular God and the impermanence of nature. Under Spanish rule, art promoted the Catholic faith to support colonialism. American colonizers encouraged secular and commercial art forms while the Japanese occupation emphasized traditional Philippine art. Modern Philippine art explored national identity following independence as contemporary art expressed aspirations for social justice during Martial Law.
Lesson 2: A Brief History of Philippine Art I. Pre - Conquest Prior to colonization, art of the ancient Filipinos were woven into the fabric of everyday life. They do not refer to art as we do today, that is, as an expression of an individual, and seen largely in museums and concert halls. They do not distinguish forms into different categories like music, theater, etc. Everyday expressions were all integrated within rituals that marked significant moments in a community’s life, like panting and harvesting, weddings, funerals are among others. Aside from the communal functionality of indigenous art, creative forms such as pottery ,weaving, carving, metalwork, and jewelry also embody aesthetic, technological and ritual values that exist in various forms till the present. In Pre-colonial Philippines, arts are for ritual purposes or for everyday use.
II. Islamic Colonial (13th Century to the Present)
Islamization of Mindanao, strengthened the Muslims and became the driving force to enable the natives to resist centuries of Spanish colonization. Islam was embraced as a religion and a way of life of the peoples of Mindanao.Islamic art is characterized by geometric designs and patterns eliciting focus from the believers. Filipino muslims recognize that they belong to an ummah or a community of believers. Central to Islamic faith is the doctrine of Tawhid or unity of God. This belief emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the incomprehensible greatness of the divine being. According to Sakili, we can relate this with two aspects of reality. One is the object perceived by the ordinary sense, while the other is the sense of nothingness, a space void empty of all things; to evoke that God is above and beyond all things. In Islamic art, we can observe how artists are influenced by the notion of Tawhid. Considering the goal of negating materiality, we wi3ll find that the interior of mosques are covered6 with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs to draw attention away from the concrete object, in other words, away from human forms and nature”towards the contemplation of the divine”. Islamic art compels the individual to engage in mental concentration. III. Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898) Art became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the colonial order at the same time.art during the Spanish colonial period conformed to the demands of the church and the colonial state. The artforms from that period are referred to stylistically and culturally as religious art, lowland Christian art or folk art. IV. American Colonial Period (1898-1940) to the Postwar Republic (1946-1969) In the American regime, commercial and advertising arts were integrated into the fine arts curriculum. Moreover, Americans favored idyllic sceneries and secular forms of arts. Writers echo on national sentiments and serve as a medium of political protest V. Japanese Occupation (1941-1945) Since the Japanese advocated for the culture of East Asia, preference was given to the indigenous art and traditions of the Philippines. This emphasized their propaganda of Asia belonging to Asians. VI. Modern Era Modern era in Philippine Art began after World War 2 and the granting of Independence. Writers and artists posed the question of national identity as the main theme of various art forms. VII.Contemporary Art Philippine Contemporary Art was an offshoot of social realism brought about by Martial Law. Arts became expression of people’s aspiration for a just, free, and sovereign society.
Arts in The Philippines Refer To The Various Forms of The Arts That Have Developed and Accumulated in The Philippines From The Beginning of Civilization in The Country Up To The Present Era