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Exercises 1
Compute: single curve of different radius where one tangent is offset a specified distance from
and parallel to the original tangent.
Given:
Construction CL F
R=3800 PC Construction STA. 94+12.38 PC2 CL Original
PC1
? =20° PC Original STA. 94+88.65
R=2 ? =20° F
900
PT
PT Orig PI1
Con inal
POT struc STA PI2
tion . 10 X
Orig 4+8
inal STA 8.65 Y
STA . 10
. 10 7+38
7+3 .8
5.05 3 Bk
Fwd
Solution
Determine the Original PC and Original PT
Original PC = Original PI – T
= (Sta 100 + 00.00 m) - 511.35 m
= (Sta 100 + 00.00 m) – (Sta 5 + 11.35 m)
= Sta 94 + 88.65 m
Original PT = Original PI + L
= (Sta 94 + 88.65 m) + 1000 m
= (Sta 94 + 88.65 m) + (Sta 10 + 00.00 m)
= Sta 104 + 88.65 m
Determine the Construction PI, Construction PC, Construction PT, and Original
POT
We need to determine Construction PI, T' , L'
From the figure above:
F 31
X 85.1718 m
tan tan 20
Y F 2 X 2 90.64 m
Construction PI = Original PI + X
= (Sta 100 + 00.00 m) + 85.17 m
= Sta 100 + 85.17 m
20
T' R' tan 3800 m tan 670.04 m
2 2
20
L' 2 R' 2 3800 m 1326 .45 m
360 360
= Sta 94 + 15.13 m
A = T’ + Y – T
= 249.33 m
Exercise 2
Given:
R1 100 m, R2 150 m
P1 5 m, P2 10 m
L1 300 m, L2 500 m
O1 (50, 1000 , 0), O2 (0, 0, 0)
Solution
R1 & R2 Radii of the curves which coordinates of Radials AO1 & BO2
P1 & P2 Offset (“p” distance) to permit intersection of selected spirals, without spirals,
P1 & P2 0
Determine length and bearing of O1O2 from known coordinates; then, in triangle O1O2 C :
cos1
R1 P1 R2 P2 cos1 100 5 150 10 7439'9.69"
O1O2 0 50 2 0 1000 2 0 02
a 1 17153'14.41"7439'9.69" 24632'24.1"
b 2 19059'9.35"7439'9.69" 26538'19.04"
Exercise 3
Given:
R1 150 m, R2 200 m
P1 5 m, P2 10 m
L1 300 m, L2 500 m
O1 (50, 1000, 0), O2 (0, 0, 0)
Solution
R1 & R2 Radii of the curves which coordinates of Radials AO1 & BO2
Determine length and bearing of O1O2 from known coordinates; then, in triangle O1O2 C :
sin 1
R2 P2 R1 P1 sin 1 (200 10) (150 5)
034'20.1"
O1O2 0 502
0 1000 0 0
2 2
` O1C , MN
R2 P2 R1 P1 1001 .203 m
tan
Exercise 2.16
Given:
6433'10"
JH 1211 .77m
3718'22"
T 2637 .44 m
R2 7813 .06 m
R1 2864 .79 m
Solution
Find G & GI
Find D and DF
BC + CE = R1 R2 (1)
In triangle ABC:
R1 DE sin W
BC and CE
sin sin
R DE sin W R1 DE sin W
BC CE 1
sin sin sin
R DE sin W
From (1) sin 1
R1 R2
In triangle CDE:
B E
Total L 2R1 2R2
360 360
2
BR1 ER2
360
2
(4645'55.47"2864 .79 1930'16.53"7813 .06)
360
2
(46.929 2864 .79 19.504 7813 .06)
360
5006 .086 m
Proving formula
Prove that:
1
sin
s b s c
2 bc
where : a R1 R
b R2 R
c 2R
c a b c
1
2
Solution
In ΔABC :
b2 c2 a2
cos 1
2bc
2bc b 2 2bc c 2 a 2
2bc
2bc (b c) 2 a 2
2bc 2bc
(b c a)(b c a )
1
2bc
(a c b)( a b c)
1
2bc
[( a b c) 2b][( a b c) 2c]
1
2bc
(2s 2b)( 2 s 2c)
1
2bc
2( s b)( s c)
1 (1)
bc
A A
cos A cos
2 2
A A A A
cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2
A A
cos2 sin 2
2 2
A A A A
but cos2 sin 2 1 cos2 1 sin 2
2 2 2 2
A
cos(A) 1 2 sin 2
2
So, cos( 1 ) 1 2 sin 2 1
2
2( s b)( s c)
Thus, (2) (1) : 1 2 sin 2 1 1
2 bc
( s b)( s c)
sin 2 1
2 bc
( s b)( s c)
sin 1
2 bc
( s b)( s c)
Hence, sin 1
2 bc
Ex2.17
EQUAL RADII:
Given:
R1 R2 2000 .00 m
P 12 m
Solution
1. R1 R2 2000.00 m
2. 1 2
3. BG P 12 m
1 1
R1 P 2000 .00 12
4. cos 1 2 2 0.997 1 2 426'21.20"
R1 2000 .00
AG 309 .6062015
6. sin 1 0.0774 1 2 426'21.20"
R1 R2 4000 .00
AG 309 .6062015
7. sin 1 0.0776 1 2 426'21.20"
R1 R2 P 4000 .00 12
Thus: 1 2 426'21.20"
UNEQUAL RADII:
Given:
R1 2000 .00 m
P 12 m
AG 300 m
Solution
1. 1 2
2. AB AG 2 P 2 300 2 12 2 300.24 m
AB 2 (300.24) 2
3. R2 R1 2000 .00 1756
2P 2 12
AG 300
4. sin 1 0.079872204 1 2 434'52.39"
R1 R2 2000 1756
R1 R2 P 2000 1756 12
5. cos 1 0.996805118 1 2 434'52.39"
R1 R2 2000 1756
AG 300
6. tan 1 0.0801282051 3 1 2 434'52.39"
R1 R2 P 1756 2000 12
Thus: 1 2 434'52.39"
Ex 2.18
Given:
213'16"
AD 54.00 m
R1 17200 .00 m
R2 21500 .00 m
Required: 1 and 2
Solution
AD 54.00
1. AC 1393 .33 m
sin sin( 213'16" )
4. 2 1 327'1.21"213'16" 113'45.21"
EX 2.19
s a b c 12750 .00 m
1
2
Required: 1 and 2
Solution
1. Sin 1
s bs c 12750 12700 12750 4000 0.0928019650 9
2 bc 12700 4000
1 1038'58.72"
3. 2 1 1038'58.72"1233'26.14" 2312'24.86"