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The chart corresponds to a phylogenetic tree. Regions on the chart, component of tropical Cosmopolitan, tropics OW mainly tropics, SW Pacific
Tropics, Am, As, Clethra, not Afr 2:260 Goetzeaceae, Bogbean NZ,S Am
rainforest understorey. Shrubs, herbs, vines, arid and coasts Parsley, Dill, Hemlock,
delimited by boundaries or shaded areas, correspond to nodes in a few temp Purdiaea
(5)
Herbs, shrubs,
Herbs to trees and Duckeod- Menyanthaceae Carrot, Parsnip, Fennel,
147+:3200 aquatics & trees, 12:440
Copyright 2011. All rights reserved. Version 1.0 (Online).
tree, and families, as disks on the chart, are leaves of the tree. In Relationships of some Clethraceae and lianas endraceae,(2) Cosmopolitan
Shrubs,small trees Gesneriaceae Calceolariaceae mangroves Sesame Herbs, shrubs 2:19 Anise, Cumin, Arracacha,
phylogenetic trees, proximity of two families is represented by the depth families unresolved. 126:3995 Cuscutaceae. Aqu/marsh few trees Trees,shrubs Celery, Coriander etc
SE As,Madeira, African violet, Gloxinia, Calceolaria and Trees,
of the root of the smallest subtree containing the two families. Here it is (1) includes Halesiaceae, Ericaceae 110:800 shrubs 1:6 herbs Goodeniaceae Myodocarp- Herbs, few trees
1:2 Am. 2:75 Columnea,Streptocarpus Jovellana 11:39
(2) Lissocarpaceae, Parasites Rhododendron, Trees to herbs, Thomanders- Goodenia aceae Widespread,
represented by a shared region. Proximity does not cross boundaries: Mitrastem- Blueberry, Heathers, Herbs, shrubs, few C&S Am, NZ Stilbaceae often vines iaceae
Leschenaultia, SW Pacific (2) N temp
(3) Scytopetalaceae, (6) Bignoniaceae W&C Af
families close on the chart but separated by a boundary are no closer (4) Ternstroemiaceae,
onaceae 2:2 Monotropa, Kalmia, etc. lianas and trees Gtr Africa,Cape 1620:23600 (Sub)tropics, (not NZ)
than their common region indicates. Areas and boundaries are given S&E As, (Sub)shrubs ,trees,herbs, Tropics (esp OW), Afr forest elder Catalpa,Jacaranda,
(5) Pellicieraceae, and C Am (8)
Cyrillaceae 1:6 Shrubs, Calabash tree, 3:320 Asteraceae Austr (2) (3) 43:1450
varying colours and styles - this is merely to aid the eye and has no Trees,shrubs lianas,epiphytes, some few temp 4:28 Hairy herbs herbs Butterwort, Daisy, Sunflower, Shrubs,
(6) Empetraceae, Epacr- America mycotrophs Trumpet vine Araliaceae
phylogenetic significance. C&S Am Byblidaceae Tropics,S Am Bladderwort Lettuce, Chicory, Dahlia, S&C Am, trees, climbers
idaceae, Monotropaceae Titi Worldwide,temp Pittosporaceae Ivy, Ginseng, Fatsia,
Uncertainties: Many of the placements of families are now well- and mtns 236:7173 Schlegeliaceae New Guinea, Lentibulariaceae Camomile, Echinacea, Andes, arid
and Pyrolaceae, (7) Austr Parchment-bark,Karo, Udo, Water pennywort
established and much work has been done to resolve remaining issues. Lamiaceae Trees,shrubs, 34:1175 Aquatic/marsh: Marigold, Thistle, etc. Calyceraceae Cosmopolitan,
Myrsinaceae, Maesaceae vines, Daisy-like Tarata,Petroleum nut
However, uncertainties remain. Where evidence is poor, we have Herbs,shrubs,trees, c13:195 Verbenaceae cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan trop Am, SE As
and Theophrastaceae. vines: Mints,Sage,Basil, epiphytes Carnivores herbs OW tropics-temp
either (a) left relationships unresolved (as a ‘poly(cho)tomy’), or (8) position unclear. Herbs, aquatics Verbena (Vervain), Shrubs, herbs, few 6:60 Austr, S Asia Trees, shrubs, vines
Rosemary,Thyme,Teak, 1:6 Linderniaceae Fogfruit, Lantana, trees & vines and herbs
(b) chosen the best supported on current evidence, or (c) indicated Patchouli,Chaste tree, E Asia 5:16 6-9:200
Paulowni- Torenia, Beebrush
alternative placements. On the whole, we have been conservative ASTERIDS Oregano,Lavender etc aceae Micranthemum Herbs, shrubs, (Sub)trop Am ASTERALES
in the depiction of family relationships. Cosmopolitan, Foxglove Pantropical, warm trees, lianas & xeros Martyniaceae (1) includes Donatia-
Med,C As trees (Sub)tropic,Am, ceae, (2) Brunoniaceae, CAMPANULIDS
An estimated age of some taxa is indicated. We have included this temp, Am
few temp
Unicorn plant
Sticky herbs (3) Lobeliaceae.
information only when the age is clearly supported by fossil pollen SOURCES 90:1700 Figwort, 100:2066
evidence, but even these estimates should be treated with caution. Plantaginaceae Ngaio, Buddleia, 95:234
This chart is based on the work of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and many Hebe,Water starwort,
Broomrape,Rattle,
Nomenclature: Following standard practice, we name only those other phylogenists. Angiosperm families are an update of those in Nemesia, Diascia, Lousewort,Eyebright Herbs, few wdy, LAMIALES
groups of families where a name has proved useful, e.g. Monocots, Veronica,Culver’s root, Mullein, Boobialla aquatics Family limits and relat-
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Mare’s-tail (Hippuris), Scrophulariaceae Orobanchaceae Phrymaceae ionships unclear, even FAMILY KEY The size
Asterids etc. and the names of orders (suffix -ALES, mainly coloured Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III Foxglove,Snapdragon (Hemi)parasites:
grey on the chart). Common, or vernacular, names are used to Herbs,shrubs herbs , shrubs
Monkey-flower, those depicted. (1) Approx. number of genera : of the disk
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 161:105-121. Herbs,shrubs,aquatics Lopseed includes Buddlejaceae 38:1100
Worldwide Cosmopolitan, Approx. number of species Moraceae indicates
describe some familiar plants and plant products. These names can, Cosmopolitan, (4) 65:1700 (1) Widespread, and Myoporaceae, (2)
in some cases, be misleading. An Index of Flowering Plants is available The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website of Stevens, P.F (2001 onwards) Version 9, temp N temp,Gtr Af (3) N Am,Austr Avicenniaceae, (3) Family name Fig, Iroko, Fustic, the number
to accompany the chart. This provides a more comprehensive list of June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since] at Nesogenaceae and Mulberry, Breadfruit, of species,
http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb (tentatively) Rehman-
Some familiar plants Banyan, Osage orange
names and more details about the use of common names. and products Trees,shrubs,lianas, in ranges:
Distribution: The predominance of the tropics in flowering plant is a valuable and detailed resource which is kept up-to-date as new results nia, (4) Globulariaceae
become available. It should be consulted for details of the families and relation- LAMIIDS and Callitrichaceae, Range of growth forms stranglers,herbs 1-10
diversity is evident. Indeed, the richness of tropical forests is astonishing. EUASTERIDS (Sub)tropics, 10-100
ships on this chart. (5) Peltanthera. Distribution
For example, in parts of the Amazon forest, areas as small as 100km2 AVAILABILITY
few temp
100-1000
may contain over 1,000 species of trees. The role of certain areas Phrases in italics are to be read as ‘mainly/predominantly’, including 1000-10000
amongst whose endemics are species of high significance in phylogeny The chart was designed by David E. Rydeheard (2011). It is available from the
Botanical Chart website http://www.botanicalchart.org.uk. An extended Unplaced families: Cynomoriaceae (Root parasites 1:2 Med-C As) Evidence weak: Saxifragales, Rosales, etc? ‘centres of distribution’. (Sub)tropics = tropics and subtropics. N/S/E/W 10000+
is clear from this chart. Such areas are concentrated in the tropics and index of names and their locations on the chart is available from this website. UNPLACED Haptanthaceae (Evergreen tree 1:1 C America - may be extinct) Possibly in Buxales. Apodanthaceae (Non- = North/South/East/West, C = Central, SE Asia includes the islands
subtropics but also include isolated Gondwanaland fragments and The chart was prepared using Framemaker (TM). It will be updated as further
green parasites 3:23(+) Scattered, America) Possibly associated with Malvales or Cucurbitales. between mainland Asia and Austr. C Am includes the Caribbean islands,
areas of high diversity in the northern temperate zone. Unplaced genera: Gumillea (ex Cunoniaceae), Nicobariodendron (Celastraceae?). Other familes OW = Old World, Gtr Africa = Africa, Madagascar, Arabia and nearby islands,
phylogenetic results become available. and genera of uncertain position have been included in the chart, indicating a possible placement. Med = lands adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, Mya = Million years ago.