BSc Chemistry

Animation Quiz Assessment Sheet

Sl. No Unit Chapter Title Topics Story Board Video Hours Hyperlinks
2D 3D Puzzles Tricky Chapter Based Semester Based
1 Idea of de Broglie matter waves
2 Heisenberg uncertainly principle
3 Atomic orbital’s
4 Schrödinger wave equation
5 Significance of Ψ and Ψ2
6 Quantum numbers
7 Atomic Structure Radial and angular wave functions
8 Probability distribution curves
9 Shapes of s,p,d orbital’s
10 Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principles
11 Hund’s multiplicity rule
12 Electronic configurations of elements
13 Effective nuclear charge

14 Atomic and ionic radii

15 Ionization energy
16 Electron affinity
Periodic Properties
17 Electro negativity definition
18 Methods of determination or evaluation ,trends in periodic table
19 Applications in predicting and explaining the chemical behavior

20 Covalent Bond
21 Valence bond theory and its limitations
22 Directional characteristics of covalent bond
23 Various types of hybridization
24 Shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions

25 Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to NH3 ,H3O+ ,

SF4 , CIF3+,ICI2 and H2O
26 MO theory
27
Homunoclear and heteronuclear (CO and NO) diatomic molecules
28 Multicenter bonding in election deficient molecules
29
Inorganic Chemistry

Bond strength and bond energy

30 Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegatity
Chemical Bonding difference
31 Ionic solids
32 ionic structures
33 radius ratio effect and coordination number
34 limitation of radius ratio rule
35 lattice defects
36 semiconductors
37 lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle
38 salvation energy and solubility of ionic solids
39 polarizing power and polarisability of ions
40 Fajan’as rule
41 Metallic bond –electron, valence bond band theories
42 Weak interactions
43 Hydrogen bonding
44 van der Waals forces

45
Comparative study, diagonal relationships, salient features of hydrides
46 s- Block Elements Solvation and complexation tendencies including their function in
biosystems
47 An introduction to alkyls and aryls

48 Comparative study (including diagonal relationship ) of groups 13-17

elements
49 Compounds like hydrides,oxides,oxyacids and halides of groups 13-
16
50 Hydrides of boron –diorane and
51 Higher boranes - borazine
52 Borohydrides
53 p- Block Elements Fullerenes
54 Carbides
55 Fulorocarbans
56 Silicates (structural principle )
57 Tetranitride
58 Basic properties of halogens
59 Interhalogens and polyhalides

60 Chemical properties of the noble gases

61 Chemistry of Noble
gases Chemistry of xenon
62 Structure and bonding in xenon compounds

63 Hybridization
64 Bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy ,localized and delocalized
chemical bond
65 van der Waals interactions
66 Inclusion compounds
67 Clatherates
68 Structure and Bonding
Charge transfer complexes
69 Resonance
70 Hyper conjugation
71 Aromaticity
72 Inductive and field effects
73 Hydrogen bonding

74 Curved arrow notation, drawing electron movements, half–headed and

double-headed arrows
75 hemolytic and heterolytic bond breaking
76 Types of reagents – electrophiles and nucleophiles
77 Types of organic reactions
78 Energy considerations
79
Mechanism of Organic
Reactions Reactive intermediates – carbocations ,carbanions
80
Free radicals ,carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with example)
81 Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species
82 Methods of determination of reaction mechanism
83 Product analysis, intermediates ,isotope effects ,kinetic and stereo
chemical studies

84 Concept of isomerism
85 Types of isomerism
86 Optical isomerism
87 Elements of symmetery ,molecular chirality ,enantiomers,stereogenic
centre
88 Optical activity
89 Properties of enantiomers
90 Chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres
91
Diastereomers, threo and erthro disastereomers ,meso compounds
92
Resolution of enantimers ,inversion ,retention and racemization
93 Stereochemistry of Relative and absolute configuration
94 Organic compounds Sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature
95 Geometric isomerism
96 Determination of configuration of geometric isomers
97 E & Z system of nomenclature
98 Geometric isomerism in oximes and alicylic compounds
99 Conformational isomerism
100 Conformational analysis of ethane and n- butane
101 Conformational of cyclohexane
102 Axial and equatorial bonds
103 Conformational of mono substituted cyclohexane derivatives
104 Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae
105 Fischer and flying wedge formulae
106 Difference between configuration and conformation

107 IUPAC nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkanes

108 The alkyl group, claasification of carbon atoms in alkanes
109 Isomerism in alkanes ,sources ,methods of formation
110 Wurtz reaction , Kolbe reaction,Corey –house reaction and and
decarboxyltion of carboxylic acids
111 Physical and chemical reactions of alkanes
Alkanes and
112 Cycloalkanes Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes : orientation
,reactivity and selectivity
Cycloalkanes – nomenclature ,methods of formation, chemical
113
reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations
114 Ring strain in small rings (cyclopropane and scyclobutane )
Organic chemistry

115 Theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring: banana

bonds

116 Nomenclature of alkenes

117 Methods of formation
118 Mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols
119 Dehydrohalogentation of alkyl halides
120 Regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration
121 The Saytzeff rule
122 Hofmann elimination
123 Physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes
124 Chemical reactions of alkenes
125 Mechanisms involved in hydrogenation ,electrophilic and free radical
additions
126 Markownikoff’s rule
127 Hydroboration–oxidation
128 Oxymercuartion–reduction
129 Epoxidation ,ozonolysis
130 Hydration ,hydroxylation
131 Oxidation with KMnO4 Polymerization of alkenes
132 Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkene
133 Dienes and Alkynes Industrial applications of ethylene an propene
134 Methods of formation
135 Conformation and chemical reactions of cycloalkene
136 Nomenclature and classification of dienes
137 Isolated ,conjugated and cumulated dienes
138 Structure of alkeness and butadiene
139 Methods of formation
140 Polymerization
141 Chemical reactions -1,2 and 1,4 additions
142 Diels –Alder reaction
143 Nomenclature ,structure and bonding in alkynes
144 Methods of formation
145 Chemical reactions of alkynes
146 Acidity of alkynes
147 Mechanism of electropholic and nucleophilic addition reactions
148 Hydroboration-oxidation
149 Metal- ammonia reductions
150 Oxidation and polymerization

151 Nomenclature of benzene derivatives

152 The aryl group. Aromatic nucleus and side chain
153 Structure of benzene: molecular formula and kekule structure
154 Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene
155 Resonance structure, MO picture
156 Aromaticity : the huckel rule aromatic ions
157
Aromatic electrophilic substitution – general pattern of the mechanism
158 Arenes and Role of σ and π complexes
159 Aromaticity Mechanism of nitration
160 Halogenation,sulphonation, mercuration
161 Friedel-Crafts reaction
162 Energy profile diagrams
163 Activating and deactivating substituents
164 Orientation and ortho/para ratio
165 Side chain reactions of benzene derivatives.
166 Birch reduction
167 Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkylbenzenes

168 Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides

169 Methods of formation
170 Chemical reactions
171
Mechainisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides
172 Sn2 and Sn1 reactions with energy profile diagrams
173 Polyhalogen compounds: chloroform, carbon tetrachloride
174
Alkyl and Aryl Halides
Methods of formation of aryl halides
175 Nuclear and side chain reactions
 Alkyl and Aryl Halides

176 The addition–elimination and the elimination –addition mechanisms

of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions
177
Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs allyl,vinyl and aryl halides
178 Synthesis and uses of DDT and BHC

179 Logarithmic relations

180 Curve sketching linear graphs and calculation of slopes
Mathematcal concepts and computers

181 Differentiation of functions like kx ,Ex , ex ,Xn, sin x , log x

182 Maxima and minima
183 Mathematical concepts Partial differentiation and reciprocity relations
184 Integration of some useful /relevant functions
185 Permutations and combinations
186 Factorials
187 Probablity

188 General introduction to computers

189 Different components of a computer
190 Hardware and software
191 Input –output devices
Computers
192 Binary numbers and arithmetic
193 Introduction to computer languages
194 Programming
195 Operating systems

196 Postulates of kinetic theory of gases

197 Deviation from ideal behavior
198 van der Waals equation of state
199 Critical phenomena : PV isotherms of real gases
200 Continuity of states
201 The isotherms of van der waals equation
202
Relationship between critical constants and van der Waals constants
Gaseous States
203 The law of corresponding states
204 Reduced equation of state
205 Molecular velocities
206 Root mean square ,average and most probable velocities
207 Qualitative discussion of the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular
velocities
208 Collision number, mean free path and collision diameter
209 Liquefaction of gases (based on Joule – Thomson effect)

210 Intermolecular forces

211 structure of liquids (a qualitative description)
212 Structural differences between solids, liquids and gases
Liquid state
213
Liquid crystals: difference between liquid crystal, solid and liquid
214 Classification, structure of nematic and cholestric phases
215 Thermograph and seven segment cell
216
217 Definition of spact lattice ,unit cell
218 Laws of crystallography
219 (i) law of constancy of interfacial angles
220 (ii)law of rationality of indice
221 Solid State (iii) laws of symmetry .Symmetry elements in crystals
222 X-ray diffraction by crystals
223 Derivation of Bragg equation
224 Determination of crystal structure of NaCl, KCI and CsCl (Laue’s
method and powder method)
Physical Chemistry

225 Definition of colloids

226 Classification of colloids
227
Solids in liquids (sols): properties – kinetic ,optical and electrical
228 Stability of colloids
229 Colloidal State Protective action,Hardy –Schulze law
230 Gold number
231 Liquids in liquids (emulsions)
232 Types of emulsions
233 Preparation and properties,inhibition
234 General applications of colloids

235 Chemical kinetics and its scope

236 Rate of a reaction
237 Factors influencing the rate of a reaction –concentration
,temperature ,pressure ,solvent ,light ,catalyst
238 Concentration dependence of rates
239 Mathematical charactieristics of simple chemical reactions –zero
order ,first order ,second order,pseudo order ,half life and mean life
240 Determination of the order of reaction
241 Diffrentatial method
242 Method of integration
243 Method of half life period and isolation method
244 Radioactive decay as a first order phenomenon
245 Experimental methods of chemical kinetics
246 Conductmetric
247 Chemical Kinetic and Potentiometic
248 Catalysis
Optical mehods
249 Polaimetry and spectrophotometer
250 Theories of chemical kinetics
251 Effect of temperature on rate of reaction
252 Arrhenius equation
253 Concept of activation energy
254 Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model
255 Transition state theory (equallibrium hypothesis )
256 Expression for the rate constant based on equilibrium constant and
thermodynamic aspects
257 Catalysis
258 Characteristics of catalyzed reactions
259 Classification of catalysis
260 Miscellaneous example

261 Characteristic properties of d-block elements

262 Chemistry of Elements Properties of the elements of the first transition series
263 of First Transition Binary compounds and complexes
Series
 Chemistry of Elements
of First Transition
Series
264 Relative stability of their oxidation states, coordination number and
geometry
265
266 General characteristics
267 Comparative treatment with their 3d analogue
268 Chemistry of elements
of second and third Ionic radii and oxidation states
269 transition series Magnetic behavior
270 Spectral properties
271 stereochemistry

272 Use of redox potential data

273 Oxidation and Analysis of redox cycle
274 Reduction Redox stability in water –frost. Latimer and Pourbaix diagrams
275 Principles involved in the extraction of the elements
Inorganic chemistry

276 Werner’s coordination theory and its experimental verification

277 Effective atomic Number concept
278 Coordination Chelates
279 Compounds Nomenclature of coordination compounds
280 Isomerism in coordination compounds
281 Valence bond theory of transition metal complexes

282 Electronic structure

283 Chemistry of Oxidation states and ionic radii and lanthanide contraction
284 Lanthanide Elements Complex formation
285 Occurrence and isolation ,lanthanide compounds

286 General features and chemistry of actinides

287 Chemistry of Actinides Chemistry of separation of Np,Pu and Am from U
288 Similarities between the later actinides and the later lanthanides

289 Arrhenius
290 Bronsted –lowrey
Acids And Bases
291 The lux food
292 Solvent system and lewis concepts of acids and bases

293 Physical properties of a solvent

294 Types of solvents and their general characteristics
Non aqueous Solvents
295
Reactions in non- aqueous solvents with reference to liquid NH3 and
liquid SO2

296 Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy

297 Absorption laws (beer lambert law)
298 Molar absorptivity
299 Presentation and analysis of UV spectra
300 Types of electronic transitions and effect of conjugation
301 Concept of chromphore and auxochrome
302 Bathochromic
303 Electromagnetic Hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts
304 spectrum : Absorption UV spectra of conjugated enes and enones
305 spectra Infrared (IR) abosoption spectroscopy –molecular vibration
306 Hooke’s law
307 Selection rules
308 Intensity and position of IR bands
309 Measurement of IR spectrum
310 Fingerprint region
311 Characteristic absorptions of various functional groups and
interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds

312 Classification and nomenclature

313 Monohydric alcohols–nomenclature
314 Methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes, ketone, carboxylic
acids and esters
315 Hydrogen bonding
316 Acidic nature
317 Reactions of alcohols
Alcohols
318 Dihydric alcohols – nomenclature
319 Methods of formation chemical reactions of vicinal glycols
320 Oxidative cleavage {Pb(OAc)4 and HIO 4}
321 Pinacol –pinacollone rearrangement
322 Trihydric alcohols – nomenclature
323 Methods of formation
324 Chemical reactions of glycerol

325 Nomenclature structure and bonding

326 Preparation of phenols
327 physical properties and acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols
328 resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion
329 Reactions of phenols –electrophilic aromatic substitution
330 acylation and carboxylation
Phenols
331 Mechanisms of fries rearrangement
332 clasisen rearrangement
333 Gatterman synthesis
334 hauben hoesch reaction
335 lederer – manasse reaction
336 reamer-Tiermann reaction

337 Nomenclature of ethers

338 Methods of their formation
339 Physical properties
340 Chemical reactions cleavage and autoxidation
341 Ziesel’s method
Ethers and epoxides
342 Synthesis of epoxides
343 Acid and base catalyzed ring opening of epoxides
344 Orientation of epoxide ring opening
345 Reactions of Grignard
346 Organolithium reagents with epoxides

347 Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group

348 Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones
349 The synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides
350 Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones using 1-3, dithianes
351 Synthesis of ketones form nitriles and from carboxylic acids
Organic chemistry

352 Physical properties

 Organic chemistry
353 Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group
354 Benzion
355 Aldol
356 Perkin
357 Knoevengel condensations
358 Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives
359 Witting reaction
360 Mannich reaction
361 Use of acetals as protecting group
362 Oxidation of aldahydes
363 Baeyer –villiger oxidation of ketones
364 Cannizaaro reaction
365 MPV
366 Clemmensen
Aldehydes and Ketones
367 Wolf kishner
368 LiaIH4 and NaBH4 reductions
369 Halogenations of enolizable aldehydes and ketones
370 Carboxylic Acids
371 Nomenclature
372 Structure and bonding
373 Physical properties
374 Acidity of carboxylic acids
375 Effects of substituent on acids strength
376 Preparation of carboxylic acids
377 Reactions of carboxylic acids
378 Hell –Volhard –Zelinsky reaction
379 Synthesis of acid chlorides ,easters and amides
380 Reduction of carboxylic acids. Mechanism of decarboxylation
381 Methods of formation and chemical reactions of halo acids
382 Hydroxy acids : malic , tartaric , and citric acids
383 Methods of formation and chemical reactions of unsaturated
monocarboxylic acids
384 Dicarboxylic acids : methods of formation and effect of heat and
dehydrating agents

385 Structure and nomenclature of acid chlorides

386 Esters amides (urea) and acids anhydrides
387 Relative stability of acyl derivatives
388 Physical properties
Carboxylic Acid
389 Derivatives
Interconversion of acid derivatives by nucleophilic acyl substitutiaon
390 Preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives
391 Chemical reactions
392 Mechanisms of esterification and hydrolysis (acidic and basic)

393 Preparation of nitrolkanes and nitroarenes

394 Chemical reactions of nitroalkanes

395 Mechanisms of nucleaophilic substitution in nitroarenes and their

reductions in acidic ,neutral and alkaline media
396 Picric acid
397 Halonitroarenes : reactivity
398 Sturcture and nomenclature of amines
399 Physical properties
400 Stereochemistry of amines
401
Organic compounds of Separation of a mixture of primary ,secondary and tertiary amines
402 nitrogen Structural features effecting basicity of amines
403 Amine salts as phase transfer catalysts
404 Preparation of alkyl and aryl amines (reduction of nitro compounds
nitriles)
405 Reductive amination of aldehydic and ketonic compounds
406 Gabriel –phthalimide reaction
407 Hofmann bromamide reaction
408 Reactions of amines ,electrophilic aromatic substitution in aryl amine
409 Reactions of amines with nirous acid
410 Synthetic tranforamtions of aryl daizonuim salts
411 Azo coupling

412 Definition of thermodynamic terms :system ,surroundings etc

413 Types of systems
414 intensive and extensive properties
415 State and path functions and their differentials
416 Thermodynamic process
417 Concept of heat and work
418 First Law of Thermodynamics
419 Statement definition of internal energy an enthalpy
420 Heat capacity ,heat capacities at constant volume and pressure and
their relationship
421
Thermodynamics –I Joule’s law – Joule Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature

422 Calculation of w,q,dU,& dH for the expansion of ideal gases under

isothermal and adiabatic condtions for reversible process
423 Thermo chemistry
424 Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation – Hess’s Law of heat
summation and its applications
425 Heat of reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume
426 Ethalpy of neutralization
427 Bond dissociation energy and its calculation from thermo –chemical
data
428 Temperature dependence of enthalpy
429 Kirchhoff’s equation

430 Second law of thermodynamics

431 Need for the law, different statements of the law
432 Carnot cycle and its efficiency
433 Carnot theorem
434 Thermodynamic scale of temperature
435 Concept of entropy as a state function
436 Entropy as a functions of V & T
437 Entropy as a criteria of P & T
438 Entropy change in physical change
439 Clausis inequality
440 Entropy as a criteria of spontaneity and equailibrium
441 Thermodynamics –II Entropy change in ideal gases and mixing of gases
442 Third law of thermodynamics : Nernst heat therorem
 Thermodynamics –II

443 Statement and concept of residual entropy

444 Evalution of absolute entropy from heat capacity data
445 Gibbs and Helmholtz functions
446 Gibbs functions (G)
447 Helmholtz functions (A) as thermodynamics quantites
448 A & thermodynamic quantities
449
A & G as criteria for thermodynamic equalibruim and spontaneity
450 Their advantage overentropy change
451 Variation of G and A with P,V and T

452 Equilibrium constant and free energy

453 Thermodynamics derivation of law of mass action
454 Le chatelier’s principle
455 Chemical Equilibrium Reaction isotherm and reaction isochore
456 Clapeyron equation
457 Clausius – Claperyron equation
458 Applications

459 Statement and meaning of the terms – phase, component and degree
of freedom
460 Derivation of Gibbs phase rule
461
Phase equilibria of one component system –water ,co2 and S systems
462
Phase equilibria of two component system –solid –liquid equlibria
463 Simple eutectic –Bi-Cd2 ,Pb,Ag systems
464 Desilverisation of lead
Physical Chemistry

465 Solid solutions –compund formation

466 Congruent melting point (Mg-Zn)
467 Incongruent melting point,(NaCI –H2O )
468 (FeCI3 – H2o) and CuSO 4 – H2O system
469 Freezing mixtures
Phase Equilibrium
470 Acetone –dry ice
471 Liquid –liquid mixtures
472 Ideal liquid mixtures
473 Raoults and Henry’s law
474 Non-ideal system –azeotropes –HCI –H2O and ethanol water
systems
475 Partially miscribe liquids –phenol water
476 Trimethylamine –water ,nicotine water system
477 Lower and upper consolute temperature
478 Effect of impurity on consolute temperature
479 Immiscible liquids
480 Steam distillation
481
Nernst distribution law – thermodynamic derivation, applications

482
Electrical transport –conduction in metals and in electrolyte solutions
483 Specific conductance and equivalent conductance
484 Measurement of equivalent conductance
485 Variation of equivalent and specific conductance with dilution
486 Migration of ions and kohlausrch law
487 Arrhenius theory of electrolyte disscociation and its limitations
488 Weak and strong electrolytes
489 Ostwald’s dilution law its uses and limitation
Electrochemistry – I
490 Debye –Huckel onsager’s equations for strong electrolytes
491 Transport number
492 Definition and determination by hitorf method and moving boundary
method
493 Applications of conductivity measurements
494 Determination of degree of discoctiation
495 Determination of Ka of acids determination of solubility product of a
sparingly soluble salt
496 Conductometric titrations

497 Types of reversible electrodes – gas metal ion, metal metal ion
498 Metal insoluble salt anion and redox electrodes
499 Electrode reactions
500 Nernst equation
501 Derivation of cell E.M.F
502 Single electrode potential
503 Standard hydrogen electrode –refrence electrodes –standard electrode
potential
504 Sign conventions
505 Electrodchemical series and its significance
506 Electrolytic and Galvanic cells –reversible and irreversible cells
507 Conventional representation of electrochemical cell
508 EMF of a cell and its measurements
509 Computation of cell EMF
510
Calculation of thermodynamic quanties of cell reactions (G,H,and K)
Electrochemistry II
511 Polarization
512 Over potential and hydrogen overvoltage
513 Concentration cell with and without transport
514 Liquid junctions potential
515 Application of concentration cells
516 Valency of ions
517 Solubility product
518 Activity coefficient
519 Potentiometric titrations
520 Definition of PH and pKa determination of pH using hydrogen
521 Quinhydrone and glass electrodes
522 Potentiometeric methods
523 Buffers –mechanism of buffer action
524 Henderson –hazel equations
525 Hydrolsis of salts
526 Corrrosion –Types, therories and methods of combating it

527 Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft

528 Pearson’s HSAB concept
529 Hard and soft Acids
and bases(HSAB) Acid base strength and hardness and softness
530 Symboisis theoretical basis of hardness and softness
531 Electronegativity and hardness and softness
532 Limitations of valence bond theory
533 Metal ligand Bonding An elementary idea of crystal field theory
in transition metal Crystal field splitting in octahedral ,tetrahedral and square planar
534
complexes complexes
535 Factors affecting the crystal field parameters

536 Types of magnetic behavior

537 Methods of determining magnetic susceptibility
538 Magnetic properties of Spin only formula, L-S coupling
Transition metal
539 Correction of ms and meff values
complexes
540 Orbital contribution to magnetic moments
541 Application of magnetic moment data for 3 D metal complexes

542 Types of electronic transition

543 Selection rules for d-d transitions
Inorganic chemistry

544 Electron spectra of Spectroscopic ground states

545 transition metal Spectrochemical series
546 complexes Orgel energy level diagram for d1 and d9 states
547
Discussion of the electronic spectrum of [Ti(H20)6]3+ complex iron

548
Thermodynamic and A brief outline of thermodynamic stability of metal complexes
549 kinetic aspects of metal Factors affecting the stability
550 complexes
Substitution reactions of square planer complexes

551 Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometalic

compounds
552 Preparation, properties ,bonding and applications of alkyls and aryls
Organometalic of Li, AL ,Hg Sn and Ti
Chemistry A brief account of metal – ethylenic complexes and homogeneous
553
hydrogenation

554
Mononuclear carbonyls and the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls

555 Essential and trace elements in biological processes

556 Metalloporphyrins with special reference to haemoglobin and
myglobin
Bioinorganic chemistry
557 Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions with special
reference to Ca2+
558 Nitrogen fixation
559
560 Sillicones and Silicones and phossphaznes as examples of inorganic polymers
561 phosphazenes Nature of bonding in triphosphazens

562 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

563 Proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR ) spectroscopy
564 nuclear shielding and deshielidng
565 chemical shift and molecular structure
566 spin –spin splitting and coupling constants
Spectroscopy areas of signals intrepertaion of PMR spectra of simple organic
567 molescules such as ethyl bromide, ethanol ,acetaldehyde ,1,1-2
tribromeothane ,ethyl acetate ,toluene and acetophenone

568 Problems pertaining to the structure elucidation of simple organic

compounds using UV, IR and PMR spectroscopic techniques

569 Organomagnesium compounds : the Griganard reagents –formation,

Organometallic Structure and chemical reactions.
570 compounds Organozinc compounds : formation and chemical reactions
571 Organolithium compounds formation and chemical reactions

572 Nomenclature, structural features

573 Organosulphur
compounds Methods of formation and chemical reactions of thiols
574 Thioethers, sulphonic acids ,sulphonamides and sulphaguanidine

575 Introduction : Molecular orbital picture and aromatic charactersitcs of

pyrrole, furan ,thieophene and pyridine
576 Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular emphasis
on the mechanism of electrophilic substitioution
577 Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions in pyridline
derivatives
578 Comparison of basicity of pydrine ,piperidine and payrole
Hetercyclic compounds
579 Introduction to condensed five and six memebered heterocylces
580 Preparation and reactions of indole ,quinoline and isoquinoline
581 Fisher indol synthesis
582 Skraup synthesis
583 Bischler –Napieralski synthesis
584 Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions of indole ,quinoline
and isoquinoline

585 Acidity of a – hydrogens

586 Alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate
587 Synthesis of ethyl acetoacetate
588 Organic Synthesis via
Enolates The Claisen condensation
589 Keto –enol tautomerism of ethyl acetoacetate
590 Alkylation of 1,3- dithaines
591 Alkylation and acylation of enamines

592 Classification and nomenclature

593 Monosachharides
594 mechanism of osazone formation
595 interconversion of glucose and fructose
596 chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses
Organic chemistry

597 Configuration of monosachharides

598 Erythro and thero diastereomers
599 Conversion of glucose into mannose
Carbohydrates
600 Formation of glycosides,ether and ester
601 Determination of ring size of monsachharides
602 Cyclic structure of D (+) glucose
603 Mechanism of mutarotion
604 Structures of ribose and deoxryribose
605 An introduction to disahharides (maltose,sucrose and lactose)
606 polyscahharides starch and cellulose) without involving structure
determination

607 Classification ,structure and stereochemistry of amino acids

608 Acid base behavior ,isloelectric point and electrophoresis

Amino acids, Peptides,

Protiens and Nucleic
acids.
 O
609 Preparetion and reactions of a amino acids
610 Structure and nomenoclature of peptides and proteins
611 Classification of proteins
612 Peptides structure determination
613 end group analysis
614 Amino acids, Peptides, selective hydrolysis of peptides
615 Protiens and Nucleic Classical peptide synthesis
616 acids. solid phase peptide synthesis
617 Sturcture of peptides and proteins
618 Level of proteins structure
619 Proteins denaturation /renuturation
620 Nucleic acids : introduction
621 Constitueints of nucleic acids
622 Riboncleosides and ribonucleotides
623 The double helical structure of DNA

624 Natural fats, edible and industrial oils of vegetables origin

625 common fatty acids
626 glycerides
627 Fats , Oils and hydrogenation of unsaturated oils
628 detergents Saponification value
629 iodine value ,acid value
630 soaps synthetic detergents
631 alkyl and aryl sulphonates

632 Addition or chain growth polymerization

633 Free radical vinyl polymerization
634 Ionic vinyl polymerization
635 Ziegler- Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers
636 Synthetic Polymers Condensation or step growth polymerization
637 Polyseters and,polymides
638 Phenol formaldehyde resins , urea formaldehyde resins ,epoxy resins
and polyurethanes
639 Nautral and synthetic rubbers

640 Colour and constitution (electronic concept)

641 Classification of dyes
Synthetic Dyes
Chemistry and synthesis of methyl orange,Congo red Malachite
642 green, Crystal violet , Phenolphthalein ,Fluorescent ,alizarin and
Indigo

643 Black –body radiation

644 Planck’s radiation law
645 photoelectric effect
646 heat capacity of solids
647 Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom (no derivation ) and its defence
,Compton effect
648 De brogile hyphothesis
649 the Heiesnberg’s uncertainly principle
650 Sinusoidal wave equation
651 Hamiltonian operator
652 Schrodinger wave equation and its importance
653 physical interpretation of the wave function
654 postulates of quantum mechanics
655 particle in a one dimensional box
656 Elementary quantum Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom separation into three equations
mechanics (without derivation )
657 quantum numbers and their importance
658 hyrdrogen like wave functions
659 radial wave functions and angular wave functions
660 Molecular orbital theory
661 basic ideas –criteria for forming M. O from A.O
662 construction of M.O ‘s by LCAO –H2+ ion
663 calculation of energy levels from wave functions
664 physical picture of bonding and antibonding wave functions
665 concept of α, α *,π, π* orbitals and their characteristic
666 Hybrid orbitals – Sp,sp2 sp3
667
calculation of coefficients of A.O ‘s used in these hybrid orbitals
668 Introduction to valence bond model of H2
669 comparison of M.O and V.B models

670 Introduction : electromagnectic radiation

671 Regions of the spectrum
672 Basic features of different spectrometers
673 Statement of the Born-Oppenhiemier approximation
674 Degree of freedom
675 Rotational spectrum
676 Diatomic molecules
677 Energy levels of a rigid rotor ( semi classical principles)
678 selection rules
679 spectral intensity
680 distribution of bond length
681 qualitative description of non-rigid rotor
682 Spectroscopy isotope effect
683 Vibrational spectrum
684 Infrared spectrum : energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator
685 selection rules,
686 pure vibrational spectrum
687 intensity
determination of force constant and qualitive relation of force constant
Physical chemistry

688
and bond energies
689 effect of anharmonic motion and isotope on the spectrum
690 idea of vibrational frequencies of different functional groups
691 Raman
pure spectrum
rotational and: concept of polarizablity
pure vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic
692 molecules
693 selection rules

694 Concept of potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding

molecular orbitals
695 Qualitative description of selection rules
Electronic spectrum
696 Franck –Condon principle
697 Qualitative description of α ,π- and n M.O
698 Their energy levels and the respective transitions

699 Interaction of radiations with matter

photochemistry
700 difference between thermial and photochemical processes
701 Laws of photochemistry : Grothus – Drapper law
702 Stark –Einstein law
703 Jablonski diagram depicting various processes occurring in the
excited state
704 photochemistry
qualitative description of fluerosecence
705 phosphorsecene
706 non-raditaive processes (internal conversion , intersystem crossing )
quantum yield

707
photosensitized reactions energy transfer processes (simple examples)

708 Optical activity

709 polarization –(clausis –Mossoti equation)
710 orientation of dipoles in an electric field
711 dipole moment
712 physical properties and induced dipole moment
Molecular structure measurement of dipole moment-temperature method and refractivity
713
method
714 dipole moment and structure of molecules
715 magnetic properties – paramagnetic
716 diamagnetism and ferromagnetic

717 Ideal and no ideal solutions

718 methods of expressing concentrations of solutions
719 activity and activity coefficient
720 Dilute solutions collaigative properties
721 Raoult’s law
722 relative lowering of vapour pressure
723 molecular weight determination
724 Osmosis
725 Solutions ,Dilute law of osmotic pressure and its measurement
726 solutions and determination of molecular weight form osmotic pressure
colligative properties.
727 Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point

728
Thermodynamic derivation of relation between molecular weight and
elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point

729
Experimental mehods for determining various colligative properties
730 Abnormal molar mass
731 degree of dissociation and association of solutes
 MSc Chemistry
Animation Quiz Assessment Sheet
Sl. No Unit Chapter Title Topics Story Board Video Hours
2D 3D
Hyperlinks
Puzzles Tricky Chapter BSemester Based
VSEPR
stereochemistry and Walsh diagrams (tri-and penta-atomic molecules ,)
bonding in main group
compounds dπ –pπ bonds
Bent rule and energetic of covalently bonded molecules

Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction

Trends in stepwise constant

Metal ligand factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion
equilibrium in soluton and ligand
chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin
determination of binary formation constants by pH –metry
spectrophotometer

Energy profile of a reaction

reactivity of metal complexes ,inert and labile complexes
kinetic application of valence bond and crystal field theories
kinetic of octahedral substitution
acid hydrolysis ,base hydrolysis
conjugate base mechanism
Reacton mechanism of direct and indirect evidences in favor of conjugate mechanism
transiton metal
complexes anation reactions
reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage
Substitution reactions in square planar complexes ,the trans effect ,mechanism of the
substitution reaction
Redox reactions ,electron transfer reactions ,mechanism of one electron transfer
Inorganic Chemistry

reactions ,outer –sphere type reactions

cross reactions and Marcus –Hush theory ,inner sphere type reactions

Limitation of crystal field theory

molecular orbital theory
Metal Ligand Bonding
octahedral and square planer complexes
π-bonding and molecular orbital theory

Spectroscopic ground states correlation

Orgel and Tanabe –sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states )
Electronic spectra and calculation of Dq ,B and b parameters
magnetc propertes of
transiton metal charge transfer spectra
complexes spectroscopic method of assignment of absolute configuration in optically active metal
chelates and their stereochemical information
anomalus magnetic moments
magnetic exchange coupling and spin crossover

Metal carbonyls ,structure and bonding

vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural eluciadation
important reactions of metal carbonyls ; preparation ,bonding structure
Metal π complexes
important reactions of transistion metal nitrosyl
dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes
tertiary phosphine as ligand

Higher boranes
carboranes
metalloboranes
Metal clusters
metallocarboranes
Metal carbonyl and halide clusters
compounds with metal –metal multiple bonds

Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Salts

Delocalized chemical bonding –conjugation

cross conjugation ,resonance ,hyperconjugation
bonding in fullerene ,tautomerism
Aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds
alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons
Nature of bonding in Huckel’s rule ,energy level of π molecular orbitals
organic Molecules annulenes
anti –aromatictiy ,hemo –arotmaticity
PMO approach
Bonds weaker than covalent – addition compounds
crown ether complexes and cryptands ,inclusion compounds ,cyclodextrins ,catenanes an
rotaxanes

Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, decalins

effect of conformation on reactivity
conformation of sugars
steric strain due to unavoidable crowding
Elements of symmetry, chirality
molecules with more than one chiral center ,threo and erythro isomers
methods of resolution ,optical purity
stereochemistry
enatiotopic an diastereotopic atoms ,groups and faces ,stereospecific and stereoselective
synthesis
Asymmetric synthesis
Optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls ,allenes and spiranes )
chirality due to helical shape

Stereochemistry of the compounds containting nitrogen ,sulphur and phosphours

Types of mechanism and types of reactions

thermodynamic and kinetic requirements kinetic and thermodynamic control
hammond’s postulate . Curtin- Hammett principle
Potential energy diagrams ,transition states and intermediates
method of determining mechanism isotope effects
Reaton mechanism :
structure and reactvity Hard and soft acids and bases
Generation, structure, stability and reactivity and field effects ,steric effect quantitive
treatment
The Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship
substituent and reaction constants
Taft equation

The SN2, SN1 mixed SN1 and SN2 and SET mechanisms
The neighboring group mechanism
neighboring group participation by π and α bonds ,anchimeric assistance
Classical and non classical carbocations, phenonium ions ,norbornyl system ,common
cabocation rearrangements
Aliphatc Nucleophilic
substtuton
 Aliphatc Nucleophilic Application of NMR spectroscopy in the detection of carbocations
substtuton The Sni mechanism
Nuclephilic substitution at an allylic ,aliphatic trigonal and a vinyl carbon
Reactivity effects of substrate structure
attacking nucleophile, leaving group
reaction medium ,phase transfe cataylsis and ultrasound
ambient nucleophile ,regioselectivity

Bimolecular mechanism –Se2 and SE1 mechanism

Aliphatc Electrophilic
substtuton electrophonic substitution accompanied by double bond shifts
Effect of substrates ,leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity
Organic Chemistry

The arenuim ion mechanism

Aromatc Electrophilic orientation and reactivity ,energy profile diagrams
substtuton The ortho/para ratio,ipso attack ,orientation in other ring systems
Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrate and electrophones

The SnAr, Sn1 ,benzene ad Srn 1 mechanism

Aromatc Nucleophilic
substtuton Reactivity –effect of substrate structure ,leaving group and attacking nucleophile
The von Richter ,Sommelet –Hauser and smiles rearrangements

Types of free radical reactions

free radical substitution mechanism
mechanism at an aromatic substrates
neighbouring group assistance
Reactivity for aliphatic and aromatic substrates at a bridgehead
Reactivity In the attacking radicals
The effect of solvents on reactivity
Free Radical reactons
Allylic halogenations (NBS)
oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids
auto –oxidation ,coupling of alkynes and arylation of aromatic compounds by diazounium
salts
Sandmeyer reaction
Free radical rearrangement
Hunsdiecker reactions

Mechanistic and stereo chemical aspects of addition reactions involving electreophiles

,nucleophiles and free radicals
region and chemo selectivity ,orientation and reactivity
Additon to carbon –
Carbon multple bonds Addition to cyclopropane ring
Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds
hydrogenation of aromatic rings
Hydroboration, Michael reaction. Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation

Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds,

acids ,esters and nitriles
Addition of Grignard reagents
Additon to carbon – organizinc and organlithium reagents to carbonyl compounds
Hetero Multple bonds Witting reaction
Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates –Aldol ,Knoevenagel,Claisen,
Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions
Hydrolysis of esters and amides ,ammonolysis of esters

The E2 ,E1 and E1cB mechanism an their spectrum

orientation of the double bond
Eliminaton Reactons
Reactivity –effects of substrate structure ,attacking base, the leaving group and the medium
Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination

Molecular orbital symmetry ,frontier orbitals of ethylene ,1-3 butadiene ,1,3,5- hexatriene
and allyl system
Classification of pericyclic reactions
Woodward–Hoffmann correlation diagrams
FMO and PMO approach

Electricyclic reactions conratatory and derogatory motions, 4n ,4n+2 and allyl systems
Pericyclic Reactons Cyclaoddditions antaratfaicial and superficial additions ,4n and 4n+2 systems ,2+2 addition
of ketenes, 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions and cheleotropic reactions
Sigmatropic rearrangements superficial and antarafacial shifts of H

sigmatropic shifts involving carbon moieties ,3-3 and 5,5- sigma tropic rearrangement
Claisen cope and aza-cope rearrangements
Fluxional tatuomenrism
Ene reaction

Quantum Chemistry
introducton to exact The Schrödinger equations and the postulates of quantum mechanics
quantum mechanical Discussion of solutions of the Schrödinger equation to some model systems viz., particle in
results a box ,the harmonic oscillator ,the rigid rotor, the hydrogen atom
The variation theorem
linear variation principle
Approximate Methods
Perturbation theory (first order and non degenerate )
Application of variations method and perturbation theory to the helium atom
Ordinary angular momentum
generalized angular momentum
eigenfunctions for angular momentum
Angular Momentum
eigenvalues of angular momentum
operator using ladder operators
addition of angular momenta ,spin ant symmetry and pauli exclusion principle
Electronic configuration
Russell–Saunders terms and coupling schemes
Slater–Condon parameters
Electronic Structure of Term separation energies of the Pn configuration
Atoms Term separation energies for the dn configurations
Magnetic effects: spin orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting
Introduction to the methods of self-consistent field
The virial theorem
Huckel theory of conjugated systems
Molecular orbital bond order and charge density calculations
theory Applications to ethylene ,butadiene ,cyclopropenyl radical ,cyclobutadiene etc.
Introduction to extended Huckel theory

Thermodynamics
Brief resume of concepts of laws of thermodynamics
free energy ,chemical potential and entropies
Partial molar properties
partial molar free energy

Classical
Thermodynamics
 partial molar volume and partial molar heat content and their significances,
Determinations of these quantities
Classical
Thermodynamics Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity
Non –ideal systems : Excess functions for non-ideal solutions
Activity ,activity coefficient
Debye-Huckel theory for activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions
determination of activity and activity coefficients
ionic strength
Application of phase rule to three component systems
Concept of distribution
thermodynamics probability and most probable distribution
Ensemble averaging ,postulates of ensemble averaging
Canonical ,grand canonical and microcanonical ensembles

corresponding distribution laws(using lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers )

Partition functions –translations
Statscal
thermodynamics rotational ,vibrational and electronic partition functions
calculation of thermodynamic properties in terms of partition functions
Applications of partition functions
Heat capacity behavior if solids–chemical equalibria and equilibrium constant in tems of
partion functions
Fermi-Dirac statistics
distribution law and application to metal
Bose–Einstein statistics–distribution law and application to helium
Thermodynamic criteria for non-equilibrium states
entropy production and entropy flow
entropy balance equations for different irreversible processes (e.g heat flow ,chemical
reaction etc. )
Non Equilibrium
thermodynamics transformations of the generalized fluxes and forces
non equilibrium stationery states, phenomenological equations
microscopic reversibility and Onsager’s reciprocity relations
Physical Chemistry

electro kinetic phoneomen,diffusion ,electric conduction

irreversible thermodynamics for biological systems ,coupled reactions

Methods of determining rate laws

collision theory of reaction rates, sterio factor, activated complex theory
Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory
ionic reactions kinectic salt effects, steady state kinetics, kinetic and thermodynamics
control of reactions
treatment of unimolecular reactions
Dynamics chain (hydrogen –bromine reaction
pyrolsis of acetaldehyde
decomposition of ethane), photochemical (hydrogen –bromine and hydrogen chlorine
chemical Dynamics reactions)
oscillatory reactions (Belousov –Zhabotinksy reactions)
homogeneous catalysis ,kinetics of enzyme reactions
general features of fast reactions study of fast reactions by flow method
relaxation method ,flash photoylsis and the nuclear magnetic resonance method
Dynamics of molecular motions
probing the transition state
dynamics of barrier less chemical reactions in solution
dynamics of unimolecular reactions (Lindermann-Hinshewood and Rice –Ramsperger –
Kassel-Marcus theories of unimolecular reactions )

Surface Chemistry
Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (laplace
equation)
vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation)
Adsorpton Gibbs adsorption isotherm
estimation of surface area (BET equation)
surface films on liquids (Electro-kinectic phenomenon)
catalytic activity at surfaces
Surface active agents
classification of surface active agents micellization
hydrophobic interation
critical micellor concentration (CMC) factors affecting the CMC of surfactants
Micelles
counter ion binding to micelles
thermodynamics of micellization –phase separation
mass action models solublization
reverse micelles
Polymer –definition, types of polymers, electrically conducting ,fire resistant
liquid crystal polymers, kinetics of polymerization, mechanism of polymerization
Molecular mass, number and mass average molecular mass
Macromolecules molecular mass determination (osomemetry ,viscometry diffusion and light scatting
methods)
sedimentation
chain configuration of macromolecules
calculation of averages dimensions of various chain structure
Electrochemistry of solutions
Debye-Huckel –Onsager treatment and its extension
ion solvent interactions
ebye –Huckel –Jerum mode
Thermodynamics of electrified interface equations
Derivation of electro capailiarity ,Lippmann equations (surface excesses) methods of
determination
structure of electrified interfaces

Guoy –chapman,stern Graham-Devanthan –Mottwatts ,Tobin bockris ,Devanthann models

Electrochemistry over potentials ,exchange current density ,derivation of Butler-Volmer equation,Tafel plot
Quantum aspects of charge transfer at electrodes –solution interfaces ,quantization of
charge transfer ,tunneling
Semiconductor interfaces theory of double layer interface
Effect of light at semiconductor soluctions interface
Electrocataysis –Influnence of various parameters
Hydrogen electrode
Bioelectrochemistry ,thershold membrane phenomena ,Nernst –Planck equation ,Hodges –
Huxely equations core conductor models,electrocardiography
Polarography theory ,llkovic equation ; half wave potential and its significance
Introduction to corrosion ,homeoneous theory ,forms of corrosion ,corrisoin monitoring
and preventsion methods

Symmetry elements and symmetry operations

definitions of group ,subgroup ,relation between orders of a finite group and its subgroup
Symmetry and Group representations of groups by matrices (representation for the Cn,Cnv, Cnh, Dnh, etc. group
theory in chemistry to be worked out explicity)
Character of a representation
 Symmetry and Group
theory in chemistry

The great orthogonality theorem (without proof ) and its importance character tables and
their use ‘ spectroscopy

Electromagnetic radiation
interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter–absorption, emission, transmission,
refelction, refrection, dispersion, polarization and scattering
Uncertainly relation and natural line width and natural line broadening
Unifying principles transition probability

results of the time dependent perturbation theory ,transition moment ,selection rules
intensity of spectral lines,born oppenheimer approximation ,rotational ,vibartional and
electronic energy levels

Classification of molecules, rigid rotor model, effect of isotopic substitution on the

Microwave transition frequencies ,intensities, non-rigid rotor
spectroscopy Stark effect ,nuclear and electron spin interaction and effect of external field
Applications

Vibratonal spectroscopy
Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zero point
energy force constant and bond strengths
anharmonicity, Morse potential energy diagram ,vibration–rotation spectroscopy ,P,Q,R
branches
infrared spectrosocpy Breakdown of oppenheimer approximation; vibaration of polyatomic molecules
Group theory, Spectroscopy and Difracton Methods

Selection rules, normal modes of vibration, group frequencies overtones, hot brands
factors affecting the band positions and intensities
far IR region ,metal –ligand vibrations ,normal co –ordinate analysis

Classical and quantum theories of Raman effect

Pure rotational ,vibrational and vibration rotational Raman spectra
Raman Spectroscopy
selection rules, mutual exclusion principle
Resonance Raman spectroscopy ,coherent anti stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)

Basic principles ; photo electric effect, ionization process, Koopmans’s thereom

Photoelectron
spectroscopy Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules,ESCA ,chemical information form ESCA
Auger electron spectroscopy –basic idea

Magnetc Resonance spectroscopy

Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation
shielding of magnetic nuclei chemical shift and its measurement
factors influencing chemical shift ,deshieliding ,spin spin interactions factors influencing
Nuclear Magnetc coupling constant ‘J”
Resonance
Spectroscopy Classification (ABX ,AMX ,ABC , A2B2 etc.)spin decoupling ; basic ideas about instrument
,NMR studies
Of nulei other than proton-13 c ,19 F and 31 P
FT NMR advantages of FT NMR in medical diagnonsitcs

Basic principles, zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy, factors affecting the ‘g’ value
Electron spin resonance
spectroscopy Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants
spin Hamiltonian, spin densities and M McConnell relationship, measurement techniques,
applications

Nuclear Quadruple Quadruple nuclei, quadrupole moments

Resonance
spectroscopy electric field gradient ,coupling constant splitting. Applications

Basic principles of photo acoustic spectroscopy (PAS)

Photo acoustc
spectroscopy PAS gasses and condensed systems
chemical and surface applications

Bragg conditions, Miller indices , Laue method, Bragg method

Debye–scherer method of X-ray structural analyses of crystals

index reflections ,identification of unit cells from systematic absences in diffraction pattern
X-Ray Difracton
Structure of simple lattices and X-ray intensities
structure factor and its relation to intensity and electron density ,phase problem
Description of the procedure for an x-ray structure analysis
,absolute configuration of molecules ,Ramachandran diagram

Scattering intensity vs. scattering angle, Wierl equation

Electron difracton measurement technique, elucidation of structure of simple gas phase molecules
Low energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces

Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids

Neutron Difracton magnetic scattering ordered, measurement techniques
Elucidation of structure of magnetically ordered unit cell

Vectors and Matrix algebra

Vectors ,dot, cross and triple products etc
Vectors The gradient, divergence and curl
Vector calculus ,Gauss ‘theorem ,divergence theorem etc
Addition and multiplication; inverse adjoint and transpose of matrices
special matrices (symmetric ,skew symmetric ,Hermitian ,skew –hermitain ,unit ,diagonal
,unitary etc.) and their properties
Matrix Algebra Matrix equations : Homogeneous ,non-homogeneous linear equations and conditions for
the solution,linear dependence and independence
Introduction to vector spaces, matrix eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization,
determinants (example from Huckel theory)
Introduction to tensors ;polarizablity and magnetic susceptibility as examples
Mathematcs for Chemists

Functions continually and differentiability, rules for differentiation

application of diffential calculus including maxima and minima (examples related to

maximally populated rotational energy levels,bohr’s radius and most probable velocity
from maxvells distribution etc.)

Diferent Calculus exact and inexact differential with their application to thermodynamics properties
Integral calculus ,basic rules for intergration
integration by parts, partial fractions and substitution
Reductions formulae, applications of integral calculus
Functions of several variables, partial differentiation,
co–ordinate transformations (e.g. Cartesian to spherical polar),curve sketching

Variables–separable and exact first order different equations

homogenous ,exact and linear equations
Elementary diferental Applications to chemical kinetics ,secular equilibrium, quantum chemistry etc.
equatons solutions of differential equations by the power series method ,Fourier series
solutions of harmonic oscillator and Legendre equations etc
 Mat
Elementary diferental
equatons

spherical harmonics ,second order differential equations and their solutions

Permutations and combinations , probability and probability theorems

Permutaton and probability curves average, root mean square and most probable errors
Probability
examples from the kinetic theory of gases etc. curve fitting (including least squares fit etc.)
with a general polynomial fit

Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

intracellular organelles and their functions
comparison of plant and animal cells
Cell structure and Overview of metabolic process –catabolism and anabolism
functons ATP the biological energy currency

Origin of life –unique properties of carbon ,chemical evolution and rise of living systems
Introduction to bimolecular ,building blocks of bio-macromolecules

Conformation of monosaccharide’s
structure and functions of important derivatives of monosahhrides like glycosides ,deoxy
sugars ,myoinositol amino sugars
N- acetylmuramic acid,sialic acid ,disaccharides and polysaccharides
Structural polysaccharides –cellulose and chitin
Storage polysaccharides –starch and glycogen
Carbohydrates Structure and biological functions of glucossaminoglycans or mucopolysachharides
carbohydrates of glycoprotein’s and glycolipids
Role of sugars in biological recognition
Blood group substances . Ascorbic acid.
Carbohydrates metabolism –kerab’s cycle
gylcolysis and gylcogenolysis ,gulconeogensis
pentose phosphate pathway
Biology for Chemists

Fatty acids, essential fatty acids

structure and function of traicylglycerols
gylcerpspholipds ,sphingolipids ,cholesterol ,bile acids ,prostaglandins
Lipoproteins –composition and functions ,role in atherosclearis
Lipids Properties of lipid aggregates –micelles ,billayers ,liposome’s and their possible biological
functions
biological membranes
Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
Lipid metabolism –B oxidation of fatty acids

chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to pesticides

amino acid sequencing secondary structure of proteins
forces responsible for holding of secondary structures
a helix ,B sheets
super secondary structure
triple helix structure of collagen
Amino acids, peptdes
and proteins Tertiary structure of protein –folding and domain structure
Quaternary structure
Amino acid metabolism –degradation
biosynthesis of amino acids

sequence determination: chemical/enzymatic/mass spectral,racemization/detection

Chemistry fo oxytocin and tryptophan releasing hormone (TRH)

Purina and pyramiding bases of nucleic acids

base pairing via H-bondig
Structure of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)
Nucleic Acids
double helix model of DNA and forces responsible for holding it chemical basis for heredity
an overview of replication of DNA,transcription ,translation and genetic code
Chemical synthesis of mono and trinloseide

Basic structure and functioning of computers with a pc as an illustrative example.

Memory ,I/o devices
Introducton to Secondly storage
computers and
computng computer languages . Operating systems with DOS as an example
Introduction of UNIX and WINDOWS
Data processing ,principle of programming . Algorithms and flow charts

(The language features are listed here with reference to FORTRAN. The instructor may
choose another language such as Basic or C and the features may be replaced
appropriately)
Elements of the computer language
Constants and variables . Operations an symobols . Expressions
Computer Arithmetic assignment statement . Input and Output .
programming in Format statement . Termination statements.
Computers for Chemists

FORTAN/BASIC Branching statements such as IF or Go to stataement s.

LOGICAL variables, Double preicision variables
Subscripted variables and DIMENSIONS
Do statement. FUNCTION and SUBROUTINE . common and DATA statements
(students learn the programming logic and these language features by hands on expericne
on a personal computer from the very beginning of the topic)

Development of small computer codes involving simple formulae in chemistry ,such as van
de Waals equations ,ph titration ,kinetics ,radioactive decay
Evalution of lattics energy and ionic radii from experimental data
Programing in
chemistry
Linear simultaneous equations to solve secular equations within the Huckel theory
Elementry structural features such as bond lengths, bond angles ,dihedral angles etc. of
molecules extracted from a database such as Cambridge data base

The students will learn how to operate a pc and how to run standard programmes and
packages
Execution of linear regression ,X-Y plot, numerical integration and differentiation as well as
differential equation programmes
Use of Comuputer
programmes Monte Carlo and Molecular dynamics
Programmes with data preferably from physical chemistry laboratory

Further ,the students will operate one or two or the packages such as MATLAB
,EASYPLOT ,LOTUS ,FOZXPRO and word processing software such as a WORDSTAR /MS –
WORD

Applicaton of spectroscopy

Symmetry and shapes of AB2, AB4 ,AB5 and AB6 mode of bonding of ambidentate ligands
Vibratonal
spectroscopy ethylenediamine and diketonato complexes
nic Chemistry
 Vibratonal
spectroscopy
application of resonance Raman spectroscopy particulary for the study of active sites of
metalloprotiens

Hyperfine coupling spin polarization for atoms and transition metal ions
spin –orbit coupling and significance of g-tensors
Inorganic Chemistry
Electron Spin
Resonance
Spectroscopy
application to transition metal complexes (having one unpaired electron ) including
biological systems and to inorganic free radicals sucah as PH4,F2 and BH 3

Nuclear Magnetc The contact and pseudo contact shifts

resonance of factors affecting nuclear relaxation
paramagnetc some applications including biochemical systems
substances in soluton
an overview of NMR of metal nuclides with empohasis on 195 Pt and 119 Sn NMR

Basic principles ,spectrul parameters and spectrum display

Application of the techinique to the studies of (1) bonding and structure of Fe+2 and Fe +3
Mossbauer compounds including those of intermediate spin
Spectroscopy
2 SN+2 and Sn +4 compounds –nature of M-L bond , coordination number structure
(3) detection of oxidation stae and ineuivalent MB atoms

Various electronic transitions (185 - 800 nm)

Beer- lambert law
Organic Chemistry

effect of solvent on electronic transition

Ultraviolet and visible ultraviolet brands for carbonyl compounds
Spectroscopy dienes conjugated polyenes
Fieser woodward rules for conjugated diens and carbonyl compounds
ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and heterocylic compounds
Steric effect in biphenyls

Infrared spectroscopy Instrumentation and sample handling.

Introduction . Composition of atmosphere

Vertical temperature, heat budget of the earth atmospheric system, vertical stability
Environment atmosphere
Biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, S and O
Biodistribution of elements

Chemical compostion of water bodies–lakes steams

rivers and wet lands etc.
hydrological cycle
Aquatic pollution–inorganic ,organic pesticide,agriculatural ,industrial and
sewage,detergents ,oil spills and oil pollunts
Water quality parameters –dissovled oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand
Hydrosphere

solids, metals, content of chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and micro organisms
Water quality standards
Environmental chemistry

Analytical mehods for measuring BOD, DO,COD ,F ,Oils metals(As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,Se,etc.)

residual chloride and chlorine demand
Purification and treatment of water

Composition ,micro and macro nutrients

Soils
pollution–fertilizers, pesticides , plastics and metal waste treatment

Chemical composition of atmosphere –particles ,ions and radicals and their formation
Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere
smog formation oxides of N,C,S O and their effect
Atmosphere
pollution by chemicals, petroleum, minerals, chlorofluorohydrocarbons
Green house effect, acid rain, air pollution controls and their chemistry
Analytical methods of measuring air pollutants
Continuous monitoring instruments

Cement ,sugar ,distillery , drug ,paper and pulp ,thermal power plants ,nuclear power
plants ,metallurgy
Industrial Polluton
Polymers ,drugs etc.
Radionuclide analysis disposal of wastes and their management

Chemical solutions to environmental problems

Environmental biodegradability
Toxicology principles of decomposition
better industrial processes
 Syllabus - Chemistry (CY)

Secton Unit Topic

Functions
Maxima and minima
Integrals
Basic Mathematical Ordinary differential equations
Concepts Vectors and matrices
Determinants
Elementary statistics and
Probability theory

Fundamental particles
Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atom;
Wave-particle duality
Uncertainty principle
Atomic and Schrödinger’s wave equation
Molecular Structure Quantum numbers shapes of orbitals
Hund’s rule
Pauli’s exclusion principle
Electronic configuration of simple homonuclear
diatomic molecules

Kinetic theory of gases.

Equation of state of ideal and non-ideal (van der
Theory of Gases Waals) gases
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law
Equipartition of energy.

Crystals, crystal systems

X-rays,
NaCl and KCl structures
Close packing
Atomic and ionic radii
Solid State
Radius ratio rules
Lattice energy
AL CHEMISTRY

Born-Haber cycle
Isomorphism
Heat capacity of solids
PHYSICAL CHEMIST
Reversible and irreversible processes
First law and its application to ideal and nonideal
gases
Chemical
Thermochemistry
Thermodynamics
Second law
Entropy and free energy
Criteria for spontaneity

Law of mass action; Kp, Kc, Kx and Kn

Effect of temperature on K
Ionic equilibria in solutions
pH and buffer solutions
Chemical and Phase
Hydrolysis
Equilibria
Solubility product
Phase equilibria–Phase rule and its application to
one-Component and two-component systems
Colligative properties

Conductance and its applications

Transport number
Debey-Huckel-Onsagar theory of strong electrolytes
Electrochemistry Galvanic cells
EMF and Free energy
Concentration cells with and without transport
Polarography

Reactions of various order

Arrhenius equation
Collision theory
Theory of absolute reaction rate
Chemical Kinetics
Chain reactions– Normal and branched chain reactions
Enzyme kinetics
photochemical processes
Catalysis

Gibbs adsorption equation

adsorption isotherm
Adsorption types of adsorption
surface area of adsorbents
surface films on liquids.

Electronic effect (resonance inductive

hyperconjugation)
Basic Concepts in
Organic Chemistry
and
Stereochemistry
 Basic Concepts in Steric effects and its applications (acid/base
Organic Chemistry property).
and Optical isomerism in compounds without any
Stereochemistry stereocenters (allenes, biphenyls)
conformation of acyclic systems (substituted
ethane/npropane/n-butane)

Chemistry reactive intermediates

Carbine
Nitrene
Benzyne
Hofmann-Curtius-Lossen rearrangement
Wolf rearrangement
Simmons-Smith reaction
Reimer-Tiemann reaction
Michael reaction
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Organic Reaction Darzens reaction

Mechanism and
Synthetic Witting reaction
Applications McMurry reaction
Pinacol-pinacolone
Favorskii benzilic acid rearrangement
Dienonc-phenol rearrangement
Bayer-Villeger reaction.
Oxidation and reduction reactions in organic
chemistry
Organometallic reagents in organic synthesis
(Grignard and organocopper).
Diels-Alder reaction
Sigmatropic reactions

Functional group interconversions

Structural problems using chemical reactions
Qualitative Organic Identification of functional groups by chemical tests
Analysis
Elementary 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy as a tool
for structural elucidation

Introductory chemistry of alkaloids

Terpenes
Natural Products Carbohydrates
Chemistry Amino acids
Peptides
Nucleic acids
 Heterocyclic
Monocyclic compounds with one hetero atom.
Chemistry

Periodic classification of elements

Periodicity in properties
Periodic Table
General methods of isolation and purification of
elements

Types of bonding
VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules
Chemical Bonding Hybridization
and Shapes of Dipole moment
Compounds Ionic solids
Structure of NaCl, CsCl, diamond and graphite
Lattice energy

Chemistry with emphasis on group relationship and

Main Group gradation in properties;
Elements (s and p Structure of electron deficient compounds of main
blocks) group elements
Application of main group elements

Characteristics of 3d elements
oxide hydroxide and salts of first row metals
coordination complexes
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

VB and Crystal Field theoretical approaches for

structure color and magnetic properties of metal
complexes
Transition Metals (d Organometallic compounds
block) Metal carnonyls
Nitrosyls
Metallocenes ligands with back bonding capabilities;
MO theory approaches to explain bonding in metal-
carbonyl
Metal-nitrosyl
Metalphosphine complexes

Essentials and trace elements of life

basic reactions in the biological systems
Bioinorganic
Chemistry The role of metal ions especially Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+ and
Zn2+
Function of hemoglobin and myoglobin
 Basic principles
Instrumentations and simple applications of
Instrumental conductometry
Methods of Analysis Potentiometry
UV-vis spectrophotometry analysis of water, air and
soil samples

Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis

acid-base
oxidation-reduction and EDTA and precipitation
reactions
Analytical
use of indicators
Chemistry
use of organic reagents in inorganic analysis
radioactivity
nuclear reactions
applications of isotopes

Source: http://jam.iitm.ac.in/jam2016/chy.php
ain reactions
CY Chemistry
Secton Unit

Structure
Physical Chemistry

Equilibrium
Physic
Equilibrium

Kinetcs

Surfaces and
Interfaces

Main Group
Elements:

Transiton
Elements
 Transiton
Elements

Lanthanides and
Actnides
Inorganic Chemistry

Organometallics

Radioactvity

Bioinorganic
Chemistry

Solids
 Solids

Instrumental
Methods of
Analysis

Stereochemistry

Reacton
Mechanisms
Organic Chemistry

Organic Synthesis

Pericyclic
Reactons and
Photochemistry

Heterocyclic
Compounds
 Heterocyclic
Compounds

Biomolecules

Spectroscopy

Source: http://gate.iitr.ernet.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Syllabi_GATE2017.pdf
 Topic
Postulates of quantum mechanics
Time dependent and time independent Schrödinger equations
Born interpretation
Particle in a box
Harmonic oscillator
Rigid rotor
Hydrogen atom: atomic orbitals
Multi-electron atoms: orbital approximation
Variation and first order perturbation techniques
Chemical bonding: Valence bond theory and LCAO-MO theory
Hybrid orbitals
Applications of LCAO-MOT to H2+, H2 and other homonuclear diatomic
molecules
heteronuclear diatomic molecules like HF, CO, NO, and to simple delocalized
π– electron systems
Hückel approximation and its application to annular π – electron systems
Symmetry elements and operations
Point groups and character tables
Origin of selection rules for rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman
spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules
Einstein coefficients
Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient
and oscillator strength
Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance: nuclear g factor, chemical
shift, nuclear coupling

Laws of thermodynamics
Standard states
Thermochemistry
Thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and
Maxwell relations, van’t Hoff equation
Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium
Absolute entropy
Partial molar quantities
Thermodynamics of mixing
Chemical potential
Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients
Chemical equilibria
Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure
Non-ideal solutions
Ionic mobility and conductivity
Debye-Hückel limiting law
Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation
Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells
Potentiometric and conductometric titrations
Phase rule
ClausiusClapeyron equation
Phase diagram of one component systems: CO2, H2O, S

Two component systems: liquid-vapour, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid systems

Fractional distillation
Azeotropes and eutectics
Statistical thermodynamics: microcanonical and canonical ensembles
Boltzmann distribution
Partition functions
Thermodynamic properties

Transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects

Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories
Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions
Steady state approximation
Mechanisms of complex reactions
Unimolecular reactions
Kinetics of polymerization and enzyme catalysis
Fast reaction kinetics: relaxation and flow methods
Kinetics of photochemical and photophysical processes

Physisorption and chemisorption

Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms
Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism
Surface tension, viscosity
Self-assembly
Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules

Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides – shapes and reactivity.

Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron
nitride, borazines and phosphazenes.
Allotropes of carbon.
Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds.
Acid-base concepts

Coordination chemistry – structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT,

CFT, and MOT).
Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields,
CFSE,
 applications of CFT,
Jahn-Teller distortion.
Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes:
spectroscopic term symbols,
selection rules,
Orgel diagrams,
charge-transfer spectra.
Magnetic 15 of 72 properties of transition metal complexes.
Reaction mechanisms: kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and
redox reactions.

Recovery.
Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties.

18-Electron rule
Metal-alkyl
Metal-carbonyl
Metal-olefin and metalcarbene complexes
Metallocenes
Fluxionality in organometallic complexes
Types of organometallic reactions
Homogeneous catalysis - Hydrogenation
Hydroformylation
Acetic acid synthesis
Metathesis and olefin oxidation
Heterogeneous catalysis - FischerTropsch reaction
Ziegler-Natta polymerization

Decay processes,
Half-life of radioactive elements,
Fission
Fusion processes.

Ion (Na+ and K+) transport

oxygen binding
transport and utilization
electron transfer reactions
nitrogen fixation
metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and
zinc

Crystal systems and lattices

Miller planes
crystal packing
crystal defects
Bragg’s law
ionic crystals
structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds
spinels
band theory
metals and semiconductors

UV-visible spectrophotometry
NMR and ESR spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry
Chromatography including GC and HPLC
Electroanalytical methods- polarography
Cyclic voltammetry
Ion-selective electrodes
Thermoanalytical methods

Chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres

Determination of their absolute configurations
Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one
stereogenic centre
Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces
Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis
Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds
Geometrical isomerism
Configurational and conformational effects
Neighbouring group participation on reactivity and selectivity/specificity

Basic mechanistic concepts – kinetic versus thermodynamic control

Hammond’s postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle
Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through identification of
products
Intermediates and isotopic labeling
Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and
aliphatic)
Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N,O) multiple
bonds
Elimination reactions
Reactive intermediates – carbocations
Carbanions
Carbenes
Nitrenes
Arynes
Free radicals
Molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient atoms

Synthesis
Reactions mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of
compounds
alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic
acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides

Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis

Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions -
Heck
Suzuki
Stille
Sonogoshira
Concepts of multistep synthesis
retrosynthetic analysis
strategic disconnections
synthons and synthetic equivalents
Umpolung reactivity – formyl and acyl anion equivalents
Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity
Protection and deprotection of functional groups
Concepts of asymmetric synthesis
resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral
auxilliaries
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron
enolates)
enamines and silyl enol ethers
Michael addition reaction
Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram and Felkin-Anh models)

Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions

Orbital correlations - FMO and PMO treatments
Photochemistry of alkenes
arenes and carbonyl compounds
Photooxidation and photoreduction
Di-π-methane rearrangement
Barton reaction

Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of

Furan
Pyrrole
Thiophene
Pyridine
Indole
Quinoline
 Isoquinoline

Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides

Physicochemical properties of amino acids
Chemical synthesis of peptides
Structural features of proteins
Nucleic acids
Steroids
Terpenoids
Carotenoids
Alkaloids

Applications of UV-visible
IR
NMR
Mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules

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CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) for Junior Research Fellowship and
Lecturer-ship

CHEMICAL SCIENCES

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical periodicity
Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR
Theory).
Concepts of acids and bases, Hard-Soft acid base concept, Non-aqueous solvents.
Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure and bonding, industrial
importance of the compounds.
Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral and magnetic
properties, reaction mechanisms.

Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical applications.

Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in

homogeneous catalysis.
Cages and metal clusters.
Analytical chemistry- separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical methods.
Bioinorganic chemistry: photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron-
transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.
Characterisation of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-vis, NQR, MS,
electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.
Nuclear chemistry: nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques and
activation analysis.

Physical Chemistry:

Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operator algebra; exactly- solvable systems:
particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom, including shapes of atomic orbitals; orbital
and spin angular momenta; tunneling.
Approximate methods of quantum mechanics: Variational principle; perturbation theory up to second
order in energy; applications.
Atomic structure and spectroscopy; term symbols; many-electron systems and antisymmetry principle.
Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories;
Huckel theory for conjugated π-electron systems.
Chemical applications of group theory; symmetry elements; point groups;
character tables; selection rules.
Molecular spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic spectra; IR
and Raman activities – selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance.
Chemical thermodynamics: Laws, state and path functions and their applications; thermodynamic
description of various types of processes; Maxwell’s relations; spontaneity and equilibria; temperature
and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities; Le Chatelier principle; elementary description of
phase transitions; phase equilibria and phase rule; thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and
solutions.
Statistical thermodynamics: Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their
relation to thermodynamic quantities – calculations for model systems.
Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; Debye- Huckel theory;
electrolytic conductance – Kohlrausch’s law and its applications; ionic equilibria; conductometric and
potentiometric titrations.
Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex reactions; steady state
approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state theories of rate
constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics; salt effects; homogeneous catalysis; photochemical
reactions.
Colloids and surfaces: Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area; heterogeneous
catalysis.
Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications; band structure of solids.
Polymer chemistry: Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization.
Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression; covariance
and correlation coefficient.

Organic Chemistry

IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers.

Principles of stereochemistry: Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic
compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and asymmetric
induction.
Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds – generation and reactions.
Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free
radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination and substitution reactions with
electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species. Determination of reaction pathways.
Common named reactions and rearrangements – applications in organic synthesis.
Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations and
reductions; common catalysts and reagents (organic, inorganic, organometallic and enzymatic). Chemo,
regio and stereoselective transformations.
Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear and convergent synthesis,
umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups.
Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction – substrate, reagent and
catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-
discrimination. Resolution – optical and kinetic.
Pericyclic reactions – electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related
concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry.
Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms (O, N,
S).
Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes,
steroids and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.
Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, 1H & 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopic
techniques.

Interdisciplinary topics

Chemistry in nanoscience and technology.

Catalysis and green chemistry.
Medicinal chemistry.
Supramolecular chemistry.
Environmental chemistry.

Source: http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/mcs_cs_sylbs.pdf