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FEATURE EXTRACTION
RECOGNITION
OUTPUT IMAGE
Fig.2 Typical dental photograph
Fig 4: block diagram of proposed system
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3.1 PRE- PROCESSING IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM COMPARISON WITH CANNY
DETECTION METHOD
Input Image: Here the input images are dental photograph and
radiograph in JPEG format. First user has to select database Human teeth identification using canny algorithm consists of five
type, either dental photograph or radiograph. After that input steps,
image is selected from that database type for further processing.
The input image is then resized to 150*150 in pre-processing step 1. Image Classification
2. Pre-Processing
3.2 RGB TO GRAY CONVERSION 3. Segmentation
4. Feature Extraction
It is necessary step because the processing takes place on gray 5. Dental Image Matching And Human Identification
scale image. It is carried out by eliminating hue and saturation
information while retaining luminance information of image. 4.1 IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
3.3 SEGMENTATION Here phase collection of various dental radiographs are done.
These images are stored in template and used as database. The
Here each tooth is segmented in rectangular region using information about the person such as name and address to which
mathematical approach like noise filtering, it will isolate the teeth the radiograph belongs is stored separately. Then it is classified as
from background. Specify colour range, intensity and hue map, periapical, panoramic and bitewing dental images. Among these
creating binary image from hue intensity map and return binary bitewing images has certain features like upper and lower jaws
image are the four steps used in segmentation signifying bite. Peiapical has features like a nasal area, sinuses
.Here we used bitewing images. Dental radiographs can be
3.4 FEATURE EXTRACTION divided into teeth areas, bone areas and background area.
In feature extraction SIFT is used to extract key points from the Teeth area - high intensity.
input image and comparing with database images for feature
Bone area - average intensity
matching. SIFT is an algorithm in computer vision to detect and
Background area - lowest intensity
describe local features in images. Here we used skeleton image to
extract highly distinctive features. There are four steps involved 4.2 PRE-PROCESSING
in SIFT feature extraction. Scale –space Extreme Detection, Key
point Localization, Interpolation of nearby Data for Accurate In pre-processing the unwanted noise in radiographs are removed.
Position, Orientation Assignment. First dental radiograph are converted into gray scale image. From
the histogram unwanted intensities can be seen and filter out from
3.5 FEATURE MATCHING the image.
Here key points in feature extraction step are used for matching 4.3 SIZE MATCHING
of database image with input image on the basis of their
thresholding. SIFT features are first extracted from a set of The size of image in matching reference and input images are
reference images and stored in a database. A new image is same initially. In the matching the images will be subtracted. So
matched by individually comparing each feature from the new we get intensity matrix for all the images. Size matching is
image to this previous database and finding candidate matching important parameter in our work.
features based on Euclidean distance of their feature vectors. If
Euclidean distance is 0.8 times less than secondary least 4.4 SHAPE MATCHING
Euclidean distance then two feature points are match. After
repeated experiment when dist ratio=0.65, there reflect matching The shapes of the crowns of the segmented teeth are used to find
points and remove mismatch points in addition the matching ratio a match between the query case and the cases in the reference
is the best. More match points help to achieve high accuracy; this database. The matching is performed by finding features like
is calculated by using following formula rotation scale and translation. It results in a minimum matching
distance.
𝑛
4.5 SEGMENTATION
𝐸(𝑥, 𝑦) = √∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖 )2 … … … … … … … . . (1)
𝑖=0
Radiograph is segmented into regions such that each region
contains only a single tooth. There are three steps consists in
E – Eucledian distance, x, y – feature vectors segmentation.
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1. Filtering of noise is different for dental photograph and radiograph even they have
same experimentation. Output results of 20 persons with 10
2. To isolate the teeth from the background thresholding is photograph and 10 radiograph are shown below.
required.
5.1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF DENTAL
4.6 FEATURE EXTRACTION PHOTOGRAPH
In canny edge detection is used. Edge is a point in the image From this average matching ratio and average matching time can
where intensities are changing rapidly. It refers to the various be calculated,
mathematical and algorithmic methods by which a computer is
able to map out the edges. Table 1: Dental photograph
4699%
= = 94%
HYSTERISYS THRESHOLDING 50
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5.3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF DENTAL human teeth for identification due to its stable and unique features
RADIOGRAPH rather than finger prints, face etc. in future work, the million order
data set can be selected and image identification can be done on
Table 2: Dental radiograph large dataset.
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