BASE ISOLATED DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
BUILDING
Ibrahim Adow Idow
Department of Civil Engıneerıng
Dokuz Eylül Unıversıty
Izmir, Turkey
June, 2018
Abstract-In this paper Base Isolation System and Design of Fixed Base Reinforced
concrete building will be studied. The codes regulations for Reinforced Concrete
building used here is The 2016 Turkish Earthquake Codes. Two model building are
compared. The first model is 7 story building and is designed using 2016 Turkish
Seimic Code. The base of the first model buildng is conventional type without
isolators. The same model is then designed with Lead Rubber Isolators. The
properties of these isolators are taken from the manufacturer, Dinamic Isolation
System. Using past erthquake Accelaration as example these building are subjected
to horizontal earthquake force. The two building are then analyzed with the help of
Structural Analysis Program Sap2000 version 19. In the analysis Time History and
Response Spectrum are used and compared using tables. After the comparison of
the results a solution and recommendations are prepared. The benefit of using
isolation system in building structures located in seismic zones are briefed. Finally
the sourse where the information is acquired is illustrated in the last page.
Keyword- Base Isolation System; earthquake regulations; forces; Seismic
Exitation
I. INTRODUCTION
Base isolation system dates back to as old as 1909 when a medical doctor
Calantarients from city of Scarborough, England proposed that a structure can be
put up in earthquake prone region by use of lubricated joint. The doctor built the
structure and proofed that earthquake forces loses significant with the existent of
such joint. The doctor wass actually trying to come up with base isolated structure.
Base isolation involves decoupling the structure from the ground by use material
which has very high vertical stiffness but are very low horizontal stiffness, hence
allowing the building to move easily in horizontal direction. This concept has
 become reality within the last 30 years. In designing of building engineer main
goal is to reduce interstory drift and floor accelation. Large interstory drift during
earthquake damages structural components of the structure while large floor
acceleration damages sensitive materilas in the building. Large interstory drift can
be reduced by making the structure rigid. However this will lead to high floor
acceleration. Floor acceleration can be reduced by making the structure flexible.
But this results in large interstory drift. Base Isolation reduce both interstory drift
and floor acceleration at the same time. In this system all the deformation are
concentrated in the isolation systemwith the first dynamic mode of the structure
orthogonal to higher modes. This gives the structure a fundamental frequency
lower than the frequency of the fixed base counterpart and that of the ground
motion.
Base Isolated system increases the period of the structure thus making the building
rigid at the same time. In this way the direction of earthquake forces are deflected
through the Dynamics of the system and their effects are reduced.
II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING
The two buildinsg are reinforced concrete wit 7 story each at height of 21 metres.
Each story is 3 metres high. As shown in the table below th two structures stand on
a land area 40mx40m. The buildings are designed with infill walls. The materials
and geometric properties are as follows:
The type of concrete used is C25,steel S420. The column dimensions are 70x70 cm,
beams 30x60 and the slab is 15 cm thick. The model are located in First degree
seismic region of Turkey. It is assumed that the soil type is C (Z2). In the base
isolation system lead rubber isolator are placed between the foundation and the rest
of the building. The properties of the isolators are shown in table……. They are
capable of making 150 mm displacement in horizontal direction. The rest of
culculations to find their properties are also given in detail under relevant section of
the paper. The two buildings are designed with slab live load as q=2,0 KN/m2.
The Building Importance Factor, I is taken to be 1 under Turkish Regulation for
isolated structures and 1.5 for fixed base structure of this type. Reinforced materials
with unit weight 25 KN/m3 is used to culculate weight of the each floor. The Wall
unit weight 10 KN/m was assumed. The following section shows steps in the design
and analysis of Fixed Base building model.
A. Fixed Base Structure
B. General Properties
Purpose of Occupancy: hospital
Number of story: 7
Story height: 3 m
Total floor height: 21 m
Beam: 30/60 cm
Column: 70/70 cm, 24 in number
External Wall thickness: 19 cm
External Wall thickness material: Bricks (20/20/19) cm
Internal Wall thickness: 9 cm

Slab Thickness: 15 cm

Slab type: Plak slab

Seismic Zone: 1st degree

Effective Ground Acceleration Coefficient: 0.40

Seismic Load Reduction Factor: 7

Local Sight Class: Z2

Soil Group: B
Fig. 1 Arcitectural Floor Plan of the Fixed Base Model
Spectrum Characteristic Periods: TA = 0.15 s, TB =0.60 s

Importance Factor: 1.5 (Fixed Base), 1(ISolated Structure)

C. Cuclculation of Base Shear Force
Cocrete class: C35
In this paper Base Shear Force is culculated using Equivalent Seismic Load Method.
Type of steel: S 420
𝑊𝐴(𝑇1)
Vt = =≥0,10A0. I.W (1)
Turkish Seismic Codes requires that Importance Factor be taken as 1.5 for hospitals 𝑅(𝑇1)

with conventional base system and 1 for base isolated structures. That is why we are
In the above formula A(T 1) is The Spectral Acceleration Coefficient and is
going to take I as 1.5 for Fixed Base Model and 1.5 for Isolated Structure.
calculated as shown below.
The structural floor plan is shown below in figure 3.1. The floor plan from ground
A(T1)=A0I.S(T1) (2)
to the top plan is represented by this figüre because all the floor are same.
Where Ao is Effective Ground Acceleration Coefficient, S (T1) Elastic Spectral
Acceleration and Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, A (T). The values of all these
parameters have been given above in the section under General Properties. S(T1)
depends on Local Site Class and Spectrum Characteristic Periods, T as shown in the Ra(T) seismic load reduction factor is culculated as follows with the help of
formulas below. Structural System Behavior Factor, R and natural vibration period T.

Ra(T) = 1,5 + ( R - 1,5 ) T / TA ( 0 ≤ T ≤ TA ) (7)

S(T1) = 1 + 1,5. T / TA ( 0 ≤ T ≤ TA ) (3)

S(T) = 2,5 ( TA < T≤ TB ) (4) Ra(T) = R ( T > TA ) (8)

S(T) = 2,5. (TB / T )0.8 (T > TB ) (5) Ra (T) = R= 7(Buildings in which seismic loads are jointly resisted by frames and
solid)
TA and TB both depend on Local Site Class. Our Site Class is Z2 so we take T A and
TB as 0,15 and respectively. Fort the structures with height of HN<25 m The natural During analysis slab dead load is taken as 1,5 KN/m2, live load on the slab 2 KN/m2
period of the building is culculated below. beam loads from external walls 12 KN/m and from internal walls as 6 KN/m.

T1 = Ct. HN3/4 (6) The weight of each floor was culculated with wi = gi + n qi.

Where, where

H: Total floor height wi = i. Floor weight

N:Number of floors gi = i. Floor dead load

Ct: is cooficeint and is taken as 0.05 q= i. Floor live load

After applying the T1 = Ct . HN3/4 = 0.05* (21)*73/4 = 0,4905s. n = live load participation factor ( n= 0.30, for hospital)

S(T) = 2.5*(TB / T )0.8 = 2.5*(0.4/0.4905)0.8 = 2.123619929 After this culculation the weight of whole building was determined as 3563.6 kg.

A(T1)=A0I.S(T1) =0.4*1.5*13.39 = 0.849

 Table 1 live load participation factor Tablo 2 Equivalent Seismic Load distributed to the Floors

wi*hi/∑
Floor Hi(M) Mass (KN-S/M2) Wi(KN) wi*hi Ft(KN)
(wi*hi)

7 21 503.09 4935.299 103641.28 0.247 994.51

Therefore Total Equivalent Base Shear Force is culculated as follows.
6 18 510.09 5003.969 90071.44 0.215 864.30
𝑊𝐴(𝑇1)
Vt= ≥0.10A0. I.W (10)
𝑅(𝑇1)
5 15 510.09 5003.969 75059.533 0.179 720.25
Where W is the weight of the structure.

34959,1122∗8,04 4 12 510.09 5003.969 60047.627 0.143 576.20

Vt = = 4242.278 KN ≥ 0.10 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 3563.6 = 1398.36 KN
7

An additional equivalent seismic load , ∆FN acting on top floor is culculated using 3 9 510.09 5003.969 45035.72 0.108 432.15
the following formula;
2 6 510.09 5003.969 30023.813 0.072 288.10
∆FN = 0.07*N *Vt (11)

1 3 510.09 5003.969 15011.907 0.036 144.05

∆FN = 222,72 KN

Excluding ∆FN the Equivalent Seismic Load is distributed to the stories of the ∑ 3563.6 34959.11 418891.32
𝑤𝑖𝐻𝑖
building as follows; 𝑓𝑡 = (Vt - ∆FN ) (12)
∑(𝑊𝑗𝐻𝑗)
𝑤𝑖𝐻𝑖
𝑓𝑡 = (4242.278 - 222.72)
∑(𝑊𝑗𝐻𝑗)

4935,299∗21
7th Floor : 𝑓𝑡 = (4242.278 - 222.72) = 994.51 KN
418891,32

5003.09∗18
6 th Floor: 𝑓𝑡 = (4242.278 - 222.72) = 864.30 KN
418891,32
 5003.09∗15 tabular form and compared. The same method is used to culculate the Equivalent
5 th Floor: 𝑓𝑡 = (4242,278 - 222,72) = 720.25 KN
418891,32
Seismic Load for the Base Isolated Structure. All the results are then compared and
th 5003.09∗12
4 Floor: 𝑓𝑡 = (4242,278 - 222,72) = 576.20 KN finally advantages of Base Isolation over Conventional Method are prepared before
418891,32
concluding and recommendation.
rd 5003.09∗9
3 Floor: 𝑓𝑡 = (4242,278 - 222,72) = 432.15 KN
418891,32

5003.09∗6
2ndFloor: 𝑓𝑡 = (4242,278 - 222,72) = 288.10 KN III. RUNNING THE ANALYSIS WITH SAP2000
418891,32

5003.09∗3
1st Floor: 𝑓𝑡 = (4242,278 - 222,72) = 144.05 KN The model is drawn ans all values are enterd. At some steps during analysys
418891,32
screenshot are taken as proof real praactical undertaken. The following figures
illustares the work done during the study.

Figure Fixed Base Structure in Y-Z view

The Total equivalent seismic load are distributed over the floors. The top floor is
acted upon by the biggest force. The Screen shot After entering the figures into the
program is shown beolw for bith x and y direction..

Fig. 2 Equivalent Seismic Loads in X-Direction showing on each Floor

After these culculations the values of theses forces are entered in the Structural
Analysis Program. The program is set to run for analysis. Response Spectrum
Analysis anad Time History Analysis are used. The result are then arranged in
 1.4 G + 1.6 Q

Q + 0.5 G

1.2 G + 0.5 Q +EX

1.2 G + 0.5 Q -EX

1.2 G + 0.5 Q +EY

1.2 G + 0.5 Q -EY

1.2 G + Q +EX

1.2 G + Q -EX

1.2 G + Q +EY

1.2 G + Q –EX

0.9 G + EX

0.9 G - EX

0.9 G + EY
Fig. 3 Equivalent Seismic Loads in Y-Direction showing on each Floor
0.9 G - EX

1.2 G + Q + EQV-X
A. Load Combination
1.2 G + Q - EQV-X
The 2016 Turkish Seismic Codes load combination requires the following to be used
1.2 G + Q + EQV-Y
in the analysis;
1.2 G + Q - EQV-Y

Fig. 6 Shear Forces From the Analysis of Fixed Base Model

Fig. 4 Load Combination Used for Fixed Base Structure

Fig. 5 Forces Diagram form the Analysis Fig. 7 Bending Moment of Fixed Base Structure
IV. BASE ISOLATED SYSTEM

The same model building studied above was use here in this part. But under the Tablo 4 Design Properties , (DIS) .
building Ruber Isolator was mounted.The Properties of the isolaotrs was botained
from the Dynamic Isolaton System which manufactures them. The values for their
properties are culculated in the same way the 2016 Turkish Seismic Codes provides.

A. Lead Rubber Isoator

Tablo 3 Design Properties , (DIS) .

Using the values in the design properties tables culculations are carried out as in
seen below.

In the first step Characteristic Strength of the material was taken from the table

Qd = 65 KN, Characteristic Strength. In this paper we will use F Q to show show

Characteristic Strength.

The 2016 Turkish Seismic Provisions requires that Upper limit of this value be taken
FQ. The table showing FQ limits is given below. Here K2 inelastic stiffness rigidity.

B. Characteristics Strength Limits

The Upper Limits of FQ is found by multiplying Isolator Units Nominal values with
λüst which is also found using the expression below.
 FQ = λupp*65 = [1+ (0.75(1-1))]1.6 * 1.15 = 119.6 KN

FQ = 119,6 KN

Table 5 Isolator Characteristic Strength and Stiffness Boundary Upper and Lower K2 =Gv (Ar / Tr ) (14)
Limit Cooficients
GV = 0.7 N/mm2 , Gv shear modulus

FQ K2 Ar = (π / 4)(B2 -B L2) (15)

Upper Lower Upper Lower Ar = (π / 4)(3052 -1002) = 65207.7 mm2

TR = 280 mm
Λae 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.00
K2 = 0,7(65207.7/280) = 163 N/mm
Λdeney 1.60 0.900 1.30 0.900
K1/k2 =10 , K1 is Elstic Stiffness
Λspek 1.15 0.85 1.15 0.85
K1 = k2 * 10 = 1630 N/mm2

where
λup = [1+ (0.75(λae, up -1))]λen, up λspec, üst (13)
Ar: Surface Area of each Rubber Layer in Contact with Lead Plate
where :
B: Total Diameter of Isolator
λupp: Upper Limit Amprical Cooficient
BL: Diameter of Lead Plate

λae: Cooficient of Age and Enviromental Effect TR: Total Height of Diameter

λspec: Production Change Cooficient The diagram below shows Force-Displacement Cycle of The Lead Rubber Isolator.

λdeney: Cooficient of Turning

 Ec = E0 (1+2kS2), Ec is Elasticity of compression, E0 is Resilient Modulus and k is
Bulk modulus of Rubber Isolator.

E0 = 4Gv = 4*,7 = 2,8 N/mm2 , k = 0.60

Ec =2,8 N/mm2 *(1+2*0,6*2,7222 )= 27.70 N/mm2 , k= 2000 N/mm2

1 1
Ev = 1 1 = 1 1 = 27,32 N/mm2 . Ev is vertical stiffness modulus.
+ +
𝐸𝑐+ 𝐾 27,7 2000

Kv = (Ev*Ar)/Tr = (27,32*65208)/280 = 6362 N/mm. K v is vertical stiffness.

Fig. 8 Lead Rubber Isolator Histeresis Cycle

10 10
n=√ =√ =1.41 ,n is Damping Measurment Cooficient and ξ is damping
According to the DIS table above the maximum displacement of that particular 5+ʅ 5+0.05

isolatore is 150 mm. From the force-displacement cycle above Dy is culculated as ratio.
shown below
Maximum Period, Tm under Maximum Ground Motion DD-1 is culculated using
Dy = FQ/k1 =119,6/1,63 =73.4 mm
𝑊 𝑚∗𝑔 3563,2
Dmax = DY + (F – FQ)/k2 (16) Tm = 2π√( ) = 2π√( ) = 2π√( ) = 12.64 s, Km is mximum
𝑔∗𝐾𝑚 𝑔∗𝐾𝑚 881

150 = 73,4 + (F – 119,6)/0.163 stiffnessnes under DD-1. (17)

F = 132,08 Kn. F is maximum force under maximum displacement, D Sae(DD-1) = (SD1TL)/T2 = (0,954*6)/12,642 = 0.0358

Ke = F/Dmax = 132,08/ 150 = 0.881 KN/mm, Ke is effective stiffness Dm = 1,3 * (g/4𝜋2) * (TM )2* n *SAEDD-1. Dm is maximum displacement and is
culculated as follows. (18)
2 2
S = (B - B L ) /(4Bt), S is shape cooficient (17)
Dm= 1,3(* (g/4𝜋2) * 12,642* 1,41 *0,0358 = 2.61 m
S = (3052 – 1002)/(4*305*25) = 2.722 Period, TD during Disign Eartquake Ground Motion DD-2 is found with expression
below
 𝑊 𝑚∗𝑔 3563,2 VD: Horizontal force at top floor under DD -2 Ground Motion
TD = 2π√( ) = 2π√( ) = 2π√( ) = 9.29 s
𝑔∗𝐾𝐷 𝑔∗𝐾𝑚 1630
R : structural system behaviour factor
Where
The Total Effective Horiontal Force acting on the Isolated Structure is culculated as
KD: stiffness under Design Earthquake Ground Motion, DD-2
follows
W: weigth of the structure
𝑉𝐷∗𝑊∗ℎ 242∗𝑊∗ℎ𝑖
g: gravity F= = (19)
𝑑𝑥 ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑤𝑖∗ℎ𝑖 𝑑𝑥 ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑤𝑖∗ℎ𝑖

The Horizontal Spectral Acceleration under 5% damping during Design Ground

The Force is then disributed over the floor from top to bottom. ft is, force acting on
motion, Sae(DD-2 is found with expression:
each floor
Sae(DD-2) = (SD1TL)/T2 = (0.495*6)/9.292 =0.0344
503,089∗21
7th floor: 𝑓𝑡 = 242 ∗ = 59.875 KN
418891,32
DD = 1,3 * (g/4𝜋2) * (TD )2* n *SAEDD-2
510,089∗18
6th floor : 𝑓𝑡 = 242 ∗ = 52.036 KN
= 1,3(* (g/4𝜋2) * 9,292* 1.41 *0.0344 =1.35 m 418891,32

510,089∗15
DD-2 için üst yapıya etki eden kuvvet aşağıdaki bağıntı ile elde edilir 5th floor: 𝑓𝑡 = 242∗ = 43.363 KN
418891,32

(SAE)DD−2∗𝑊∗n 0,0344∗3563,62∗9,81∗1,44
VD = == = 242 KN 510,089∗12
𝑅 7 4th floor : 𝑓𝑡 = 242 ∗ = 34.690 KN
418891,32

DD-1 için üst yapıya etki eden kuvvet aşağıdaki bağıntı ile elde edilir 510,089∗9
3rd floor : 𝑓𝑡 = 242 ∗ = 26.018 KN
418891,32

510,089∗6
2nd floor : 𝑓𝑡 = 242 ∗ = 17.345 KN
(SAE)DD−1∗𝑊∗n 0,0358∗3563,62∗9,81∗1,41 418891,32
VM = = =252 Kn
𝑅 7
510,089∗3
1st floor : 𝑓𝑡 = 242 * = 8.673 KN
418891,32
Where
SD1: Design Spectral Acceleration Cooficient The above culculated values are entered into Sap2000 and the following are step by

TL : Period at Constant Deformation Transition Point step procedures during the analysis. The figure below shows Rubber Isolator
chosen.
T :Natural vibration Period of the structure
 V. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF BASED ISOLATED MODEL

Table 6 Shear Forces

Shear
Column Forces(KN)

101 717.3

102 916.2

Fig. 9 Y-Z View of the Base isolated Model

103 908.2

104 908.2

Table 7 Axisl Forces

Column Axial Forces (KN)

101 777.2

Fig. 10 Rubber Isolator Selection In the Analysis

102 796.6

103 785.3

104 781.1
 of isolators in earthquake prone region is recommend. This section illustrate the
comparion of these two model buildings.

A. Floor Accelerations
Table 8 Bending Moments
Tablo 9 Floor Acceleration Valuse for Base Isolated and Fixed Base Structures
Floor Based Isolation (M/S2) Fixed base (M/S2)
Column Bending Moment (KN-M)
7 3.5713 11.3035
6 3.3017 9.5444
101 896.5
5 3.0638 8.6415
4 2.8729 7.7809
102 891.7
3 2.7405 6.8345

103 883.9 2 2.6667 5.6969

104 877.3
VI. COMPARING THE RESULTS OF FIXED BASE AND BASE ISOLATION
As we have explained before the aim of using Isolators is to reduce the effect of
seismic force during Earthquake. 24 Lead Rubber isolator which has become
common in Turkey was mounted between the foundation and the building. Using
Sap2000 the model building was analysed using Time History Anaysis and the
same building was also analysed with fixed foundation. Finally the results are
tabulted and compared. Then advantages of Using Isolator are outlined and the use
1 2.6375 3.2769
Fixed base structure shows high acceleraton values. The 7th floor acceleration is
11.30m/sn2 for Fixed Base while it is 3.57m/sn2 for Isolated Building. During
ground motion Fixed Base Building is subjected to high force acceleration and
that is why the floor accelrations are high. In comparison the Isolated Building is
subjected to the same force but the effect of this forc is insignificant as all
displacement takes place at isolation level and the floor accelerations are low. This
building behaves rigid aand flexible thanks to Isolators.
B. Fundamental Periods
The Periods of Base Isolated Structure are almost 3 times higher that Fixed base
Structure. The isolators increase the periods of the model isolated building therefore
making the effect of the seismic force insignificant.
Tablo 10 Natural Vibration Values For Base Isolated and Fixed Base Model base model is high due to the fact that all floor made different displacement. This
Fixed Base Base Isolated behaviour is harful to the structural elemnts of the building. The tables of
MOD PERIOD PERIOD comparison are shown below.
mod 1 0.7079 2.7095
mod 2 0.6499 2.5061
mod 3 0.6112 2.2558 Table 11 Floor Displacements

mod 4 0.2153 0.7874

mod 5 0.2004 0.6867
Base Isolated Fixed Base
mod 6 0.1878 0.6808
mod 7 0.1117 0.4408
Floor Displacement(mm) Displacement(mm)
mod 8 0.1058 0.3508
mod 9 0.0987 0.3436 7 147.20 112.00
mod 10 0.0720 0.2547
mod 11 0.0685 0.2507 6 142.60 88.20
mod 12 0.0666 0.2453
5 138.00 65.30
C. Floor Displacement and Interstory Drift

During Ground Motion Internal forces are developed in the structural syste of 4 133.40 46.07

buildings. These forces are propotion with displacement made by the structure. In
the case of this 2 model building the displacemment s made by both of them Show 3 128.80 31.16

significant differnces. Base isolation Structure made more displacements due to

2 124.20 20.39
Isolators. These movement is good fort he building because it gains flexibility thus
reacting less to the seismic forces. Flexibility and rigidity also reduces interstory
1 119.60 10.77
drift in this structure thtus ess damage is done to the stuctural eements of the
building. The opposite is true for fixed base structure. Interstory drift in fixeed
 Tablo 12 Interstory Drift in X-direction

Tablo 13 Shear Forces for Base Isolated and Fixed Base Structure

Base Isolated Fixed Base Shear Forces (KN)

Kolon Base Isolated Fixed Base

Kat Interstory Drift (mm) Interstory Drift (mm)

101 324.0 717.3

7-6 4.6 17.5

102 352.8 916.2

6-5 4.6 11.6

103 422.2 908.2

5-4 4.6 15.6

104 422.2 908.2

4-3 4.6 18.9

3-2 4.6 20.8

Tablo 14 Axial Forces
2-1 4.6 19.6 Axial Forces (KN)
Column Base Isolated Fixed Base
1-Taban 4.6 10.8
101 777.2 1463.8

102 796.6 1534.0

D. Shear Forces 103 785.3 1649.0

4 columns are chosen for comparison purposes. Base Isolated structure receives
104 781.1 1767.6
less shear forces as shown below. Shear Forces in Fixed Base Structure is more
than twice that of base isolated Structure.
Tablo 15 Bending Moments Values for Base Isolated and Fixed Base model significantly reduced. Shear forces, Axial forces and bending moments are also
lower than its fixed base counterpart.
Bending Moments (KN-M)
Structures designed without isolators show opposite of Based Isolated Structures
Kolon Base Isolated Fixed Base in their behaviours during ground motion. The floors make different displacements
and interstory drift are high. Seismic Exitation damages structural elements in the
101 896.5 1937 building. The floors accelerates at differate and rates compared with Base Isolated
Structures. Sensitive materials in the building get harmed incase of majour
102 891.7 2102.5
earthquakes. Internal Forces like Shear, Axial and bending Moments developed in
the structural elements are high during Seismic Exitation.
103 883.9 2242.4
Based on these results it is concluded that Isolators should be used for iportant
104 877.3 2386.1 buildings constructed in earthquake prone regions. Fıre Fıghter Statıons,
Communication Buildings, Airports, Bridges, Police Headquarters, Historical
buildings, Hospitals and buildings that contain important material and machines

VII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS are some of the structures where Based Isolation System should be applied.

In light with the analysis carried out in this paper it is observed that Base Isolated Base Isolation Structures are approximately 5% more expensive that other

Structures behaves independently from its foundation. The building moves structures however considering that it will not collapse during earthquake this

together as one rigid body as compared with other fixed based structures. This expenses are worth. This system should not be applied on soft soil areas.

makes the floor displacements almost same and therefore interstory drifts for Base Increasing the periods of the building will make it approach the already long

Isolated structures are very low. Therefore the structural elements of the building period of soft ground, making isolators usesless. Vey tall and multistory structures

are not harmed by seismic forces. The floor acceleration of Base Isolated and buildings whose column are subjected to high tension forces are not

structures are low because the effect of seismic force is reduced by isolators’s appropriate for Base isolation.

movements by changing the direction of seismic forcees. This is important

because sensitive materials in the building will not be harmed if the floor
acceleration is low. Internal Forces developed in the structural elements are
REFERNCES

[1] Ministry of Public Works. “Regulations for Buildings Constructed in Areas

Affected by Natural Disasters”, Turkey,1997.
[2] Kösedag, B. “Sismik Isolation in Structures”, 2002.Yildiz Teknik University.

[3] Aydın, A. “Design of Eartqauake Proof Structurs. Seismic isolation and

Energy Absorption System”. 2005.

[4] Kelly, J.M., Naeim, F. “Design of Seismic Isolated Structures’, 1999.

California.

[5] Cimilli S. And Tezcan S.S. “Seismic Base Isolation”,

[6] Erkal A., Tezcan S.S. “Seismic Base Isolation and Energy Absorbing Devices”.
2002.