New Technologies in

Transmission
MANJU GUPTA
POWERGRID

May 1, 2012
Issues in Transmission Development
• Right-of-Way (ROW)

 Environmental

 Wild life sanctuary

 Urban areas

• Coordinated development of cost effective Tr.

corridor

• Flexibility in upgradation of transfer capacity

matching with power transfer requirement

• Long distances between Resource Rich areas and

Load centres
 Issues in Transmission Development
• Optimisation of investment

• Resettlement and Rehabilitation

• Non-discriminatory open access

 Market driven exchanges may influence pattern of

power flow

 Periodic review and strengthening

Necessitates optimal utilization of existing

transmission infrastructure by enhancing
transmission capacity using emerging technologies
at marginal investment
 Technology Integration
To ensure development of Power System in
an optimal manner –

• Enhance the capacity of existing system –

Tr. asset management
- using emerging technologies at marginal investment to
get optimal transmission cost

• Technology for new system keeping in view

long-term perspective
 Technology Application
 To fulfill above objectives, focus in all stages of
Transmission system need to be given

– Planning stage

– Design stage

– Construction stage

– Operation and Maintenance (O&M) stage

– Grid Management stage

Technology Integration at Planning Stage

 High Intensity (MW/m) transmission corridor by increasing

 Voltage level
 Current order
 Both Voltage & Current

 Regulation of Power flow by

 HVDC
 Hybrid AC & HVDC
 Flexible AC Transmission devices
 High Power Intensity Corridor
Road Map for Indian Power System
RoW Capacity MW/m
(m) (MW) RoW
400kV S/c 52 500 9.6
400kV D/c 46 1000 21.8

765kV S/c 64 2500 39

765kV D/c 69 4000 58

800kV DC 70 6000 85

230 m 64 m
 Voltage
Increase Upgradation
in Transmission voltage
1200kV
800kV
Voltage 765kV HVDC
(kV)

500kV
HVDC
400kV
220kV

1977 1990 2000 2012 2017-18

Year
Complexities with high voltage AC system
• Reactive Power Management
• Availability of switchgear
• Corona Loss
• Sustainability of grid during contingencies
 Technology Integration at Planning Stage..contd

Increase in Current Order

 Multi Conductor Bundle Line

 400kV, 800kV, 1200 kV AC etc.

 High Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) Conductor

 ACSS (Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported)
 ACAR (Aluminium Conductor Alloy Reinforced)
 Invar conductor
 Gap type conductor

 High Surge Impedance Loading Line(HSIL)

 Emerging Technology at Design Stage

 Transmission line
 Tower Structure - Compact / Pole type structure

 Reduction in land use by Pole type tower as compared to

lattice type

400 kV 220 kV
• Lattice Tower * 9.0 m 6.0 m
• Pole Structure * 1.85 m 1.4 m

* Base width at ground level

 Emerging Technology at Design Stage – Substation
Equipment
 Space reduction – Compact substation, SAS (S/s
Automation System) having standard communication
models which have inter operability of control &
protection devices

Air Insulated S/s (AIS) Gas Insulated S/s (GIS)

Area : 30-35 Acres Area : 6-8 Acres

 O&M – Upcoming Technology
Mobile Sub-stations
 For faster restoration of supply
 Restoration time - 10 to 15 days.
 In- Principle acceptance from CERC & Beneficiaries

Aerial Patrolling of Transmission Lines

 Ministry of Defense/ DGCA are approached
 Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is also being explored

National Transmission Management Centre

 Remote Operation and control of Trans. Elements / Unmanned
substations.
 To enhance Grid reliability while improving Asset Productivity
 Reduction in down time
 Availability of Experts round the clock

On Line Transformer Monitoring

 For prediction of fault in advance
 Technology being Adopted

 High Voltage line

 EHVAC : 400kV  765kV  1200kV
 HVDC : 500kV  800kV

 Increase the capacity of trans. corridor through HSIL/re-

conductoring with HTLS /Upgradation

 Utilisation of transmission lines upto full thermal capacity –

Series capacitors, SVC, FACTS

 Optimization of Tower design – tall tower, multi-ckt. tower

 GIS substation
765 KV SUBSTATION AT
SEONI
765 KV SUBSTATION AT SEONI
765 KV SUBSTATION AT SEONI
Impact of Series Capacitor on
Transmission capability
Series Capacitor installation at Raipur
 Static Var Compensator(SVC)

• Combination of FC or
TSC + TCR

• Stabilize voltage in the

systems and controls
overvoltages

• Reduces transmission
losses
 Static Var Compensator(SVC)

•
• 2 nos. + 140MVAR SVCs
in operation at 400/220kV
Kanpur S/s

•SVCs to be implemented
• +600 / -400 MVAR at
Ludhiana
• +400/ -300 MVAR at
Kankroli
• +300 / -200 MVAR at
New Wampoh
ROW = 85 Mts ROW = 64 Mts
Pole Pole
Type Towers
Type Tower
DOUBLE CIRCUIT TOWER MULTI CIRCUIT TOWER

1 2

(45 m. High) (70 m. High)

Multi-conductor Bundle line
 220 KV S/C Chukha-Birpara line
upgraded with 400/220 kV multi-circuit
line in Jaldapara Sanctuary without
felling of single tree
220 KV S/C Chukha-Birpara line
upgraded with 400/220 KV multi-
circuit line in Jaldapara
Sanctuary without felling of
single tree
72.5 metres

75.0 metres
 Protection of Wild Life
Specially
designed
high - rise
towers
(75m) to
reduce tree
cutting
(Reduced
from 90000
50 mtr
to 14739 in
Rajaji
National
Park)
Application
of Multi ckt
and Compact
9 - 25 mtr towers to
4 - 5 mtr approx reduce
corridor
requirement
Multi-ckt Tower
HVDC Tower
Green Substation
GIS S/s
Hybrid Switchgear
 Pioneering Efforts

 800 kV, 6,000 MW HVDC

 1200kV UHVAC

 High Temperature Low Sag

(HTLS) Conductor lines

 High Surge Impedance Loading

Line

 Mobile Substation

 Superconductor
+/- 800 KV HVDC TRANSMISSION LINE
TOWER

B Type Tower
 1200 kV National Test Station

Establishment of 1200kV UHVAC Test Station at Bina

in association with 33 domestic manufacturers
– For indigenous development of 1200KV technology
– Indigenous development of equipments shall help in
• To conduct developmental tests to optimize design of
substation and transmission equipments.
• Indigenous development shall help in reduction of cost and
convenience of O&M
 Test Station Configuration

400kV line
400kV line
Satna line

400kV Bina Bus

1200/400kV Transformer
1200kV line

1200/400kV Transformer

To 400kV Satna line

38
1200kV Transformer successfully developed,
tested and commissioned.

Test Setup for 1200kV Transformer 1200kV Transformer successfully tested

1200 kV Transformer successfully Developed,
Tested and Commissioned
1200kV CVT and LA
 1200 kV Tower

72.5 m
55m 125 m

Qutab Minar S/C Tower –A type D/C Tower

1200kV Test Station
1200kV Test Station

44
1200kV Gantry Structure
 1200kV Towers- S/c

A type 55 m
D type

46
 1200kV Transformer

Fig: 1200kV BHEL Transformer with cooler assembly fitted Fig: 1200kV bushing mounted on BHEL
transformer at Bina 1200kV National Test Station

47
1200kV CVT

48
 1200kV Test Station

 The initial operational experience of 1200kV Test

Station will prove to be the cornerstone of future
commercial projects
 The results and feedback of the various field tests/
trials carried out at 1200kV National Test Station
shall be useful for developing field proven
equipment of 1200KV system in India
 India’s first 1200 kV UHVAC Transmission Line
from Wardha to Aurangabad is already under
construction
1200kV Transmission Corridor
 1200kV Wardha-Aurangabad Line

• It’s India’s first 1200 kV UHVAC Transmission Line –

400kV Double circuit line upgradable to 1200kV
• Towers and Foundations are designed considering
1200kV parameters
• Tower designs are suitable for operation of two
circuits of 400kV
• Earth-wire to be provided considering 1200kV
• Line insulation to be initially provided for 400kV
• Bunching of conductor bundle along with change of
insulator string to be carried out when upgrading to
1200kV
51
 1200kV Wardha-Aurangabad Line

Nominal Voltage 1150 kV

Highest voltage 1200 kV
Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) 6030 MW
LIWL 2400- Switchgear
SIWL 1800 kV-Switchgear
CFO 1913 kV peak
One min. Power Freq withstand 1200 kV
Electric field at ROW* 4.0 kV/m (criteria less than
5kV/m)
ROW 90 m

52
 1200kV Wardha-Aurangabad Line

CONDUCTOR BUNDLE
• .
Conductor-Bundle Octagonal ACSR Moose

ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES
Power Frequency live-metal clearance 2.4 m
Switching Surge Clearance (1.75 p.u.) 8m
Phase to Phase Switching 24m
Ground Clearance 24m (10kV/m electric
field limit)

53
 400 kV D/C Up-gradable
to 1200 kV AC Tower Configuration
 Insulation Level Comparison

5.25

4.15
4

3.22
3.06
P.U.

LIWL
3
SIWL
2.37 2.45

2 1.84

0
245 420 800 1200
System Voltage (kV)
Challenges in 1200kV Transmission

• Handling very huge amount of Power

transfer (6000-8000MW)
• Reactive Power management
• Large size of equipments
• Transport Limitations
• Cost Optimization

Due to the above factors, reduced Insulation Level (margin)

has been adopted for 1200kV system
 Reactive Power Characteritics-1200kV Line

3000

2000
Recative Flow ( MVAR)

1000

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000

-1000 Power Flow (M W)

-2000

-3000

Wardha-Aurangabad Line
 High Surge Impedance Loading Line(HSIL)

Symmetrical bundle spacing Non-symmetrical bundle spacing

0.457 m 1.1 m

0.457 m
0.9 m

Surge Impedance = 270-300 ohm Surge Impedance = 200-210 ohm

 Expanded Conductor Bundle
Increase in SIL with Sub-conductor Spacing for 400
KV D/C (QUAD MOOSE) LINE

Sub-conductor 457 mm 1000 mm

Spacing
XL (ohms/km) 0.16178 0.14322

XC (Mohms-km) 0.11032 0.09361

SI (ohms) 134 116
SIL (MW) 1198 1382
Substation Equipment for
Disaster Management
… ERS-Substation
Snapshots : ERS S/S
ERS S/S - unloading from Aircraft
ERS S/S under transportation
 ERS-Substation - Need

POWERGRID has played a vital role in quick restoration

of power supplies across the country by extensive use of
ERS for Transmission Lines. However, there is no quick
restoration means in S/S to cater to an emergency situation.
ERS-S/S readily fills this gap by providing a technological
solution to address the need for:
 Disasters damaging S/S
 Transformer Failure
 Planned transformer outages for internal Inspection
 Additional Usage of ERS-S/S
 Terrorist attacks & Sabotage
 Temporary increase in S/S Capacity
 Alternative arrangement in case of delay in
S/S commissioning
 Address sudden spurt in secure load
requirement viz., National Events like
Commonwealth games etc.
 Superconducting Transmission

Proposal:
“To lay down experimental Super conducting AC
line at 220 kV voltage level to study the feasibility
of Technology in India”
Objective:
• To install and operate a superconducting cable
system under realistic conditions in the grid.
• Assessing the performance by carrying out
suitable tests
• Exploring possible application areas
Project Schematic
 Features of Indian Power System
Indian Power System is characterized by
 Large generation addition on continuous basis
 Continuous expansion of grid through increasing grid connectivity -
leading to spread of the grid geographically
 Power flow in multi direction
 Wide variation in generation as well as demand on daily/seasonal
basis
 Open Access and frequency linked Unscheduled Interchange (UI)
mechanism in place
 Continuous demand for digital grade power and economic dispatch.
 Need for Smart Grid
With the above growing aspects in view, it is important to know the
dynamic state of grid in terms of –
 Angular and Voltage stability
 How much increase in transfer capacity can take place at different instances on
various transmission elements
 Control & regulation of power flow to maintain grid parameters
 Remedial Action Scheme(RAS) and System Integrated Protection
Scheme(SIPS) for
– In the event of severe contingency occurs/likely to occur which may lead
to grid disturbances, identify what corrective actions to be taken and its
implementation
Above aspects call for development of Smart Grid comprising Wide Area
Measurements (WAM) using Phasor Measurement Unit(PMU), Adaptive
Islanding, Self-healing aspects. This shall facilitate safety, security and
reliability in operation of large & geographically spread grid
 Smart Grid …contd

For this, there is a need to develop of intelligent Grid

with State-of-the-Art features like-
– Phasor Measurement Technique
– Wide Area Measurement (WAM)
– Adoptive Islanding
– Self healing Grids
– Probabilistic Assessment, Dynamic Stability Assessment and
Voltage Stability Assessment (VSA) technique etc.