LESSON PLANS-Geography Form I - IV

GEOGRAPHY FORM ONE TERM I
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
- Introduction to Geography
Introduction
Definition of geography and environment
Origin of terms
- Geography
- Environment
* Components of the environment
OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Define terms geography and environment
* Explain the origin of Geography and environment
* Describe the components of environment
* Defining the terms Geography and environment

* Explaining the origin of geography and environment
* Identifying compounds of the environment
* Photographs
* Local environment
* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Student's book 1, page 1
Teacher's book 1, page 23-24
* Gateway secondary Revision Geography page 1
* Certificate geography student's book 1, page 1
* KLB secondary Geography Student's book 1 page 1-2
* Focus on Geography Student's book 1, page 1-2
- Introduction to Geography
Branches of Geography
OBJECTIVES:

* Identify branches of Geography
* Define physical geography
* Identify branches of physical Geography
* Define and identify branches of human geography
* Naming branches of Geography

* Defining the branches of Geography
* Identifying branches of Human & Physical Geography
* Maps
* Photographs
* A globe
* Local environment
* Atlases
*

Student's book 1, page 2-5
* Certificate geography student's book 1, page 2-3
* KLB secondary Geography Student's book 1 page 2
Introduction to Geography
Importance of studying Geography
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
* Explain the importance of studying Geography
* Explaining the importance of Geography

* Taking notes
* Discussing importance of studying Geography
* Charts
* Maps
* Local environments
* Atlas
* Text books
Teacher's book 1, page 26
* Focus on Geography Student's book 1, page 6
OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Introduction to Geography
Relationship between, Geography and other disciplines
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify the relationship between geography and other disciplines
* Identifying and explaining the relationship between geography and other

disciplines
* Discussing these relationships
* Taking notes
* Asking and answering questions
* Textbooks
* Atlas
* Well maps
* Resource person

* Gateway secondary Revision Geography page 2-3
2
Earth and solar system
Composition of the solar system
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define solar system

(ii) Describe the composition of the solar system
* Demonstrating
* Discussing
* Expositions
* Drawing diagrams and sketches
* Globe
* Atlases
* Well maps
* Text books
* Satellite photos

Theories that explain the origin of and the formation of the earth
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the origin of the earth
(ii) Describe origin, size, shape and position of the earth in the solar system
* Oral expositions (explanation)

* Demonstrations
* Class discussion
* Globe
* Satellite
* Photos
* Wall maps

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Earth and Solar system
Rotation and revolution of the earth
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain how the earth rotates round its axis

(ii) Explain how the earth revolves round the sun
(iii) Explain the effects of earth's rotation
(iv) Explain the effects of earth's revolution
* Demonstrating
* Class discussion
* Group work
* Drawing diagrams and sketching
* Taking notes
* Explain rotation and revolution of the earth
* Globe
* Atlases
* Wall maps
* Local environment

Student's book 1, page 28-31,22-24

Longitudes and time
Calculation of time
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Calculate time using longitudes
* Calculating time
* Calculating distance
* Group work
* observing
* wall maps
* globe
* atlases
* encyclopedia
* teacher's Guide

Internal structure of the earth (earth's crust)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the structure if the earth

(ii) Explain the characteristics of earth's crust
* Discussing
* Drawing
* Diagrams
* Demonstrating
* Globe
* Student's book
* Encyclopedia

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
The core (bar sphere)
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the characteristics and structure of the core

* Discussing
* Making and taking notes
* Working in groups
* Teacher's guide
* Local environment
* Globe
* Display board

External structure of the earth (hydro-sphere)
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the structure of the hydrosphere
* Drawing/sketching
* Explaining (oral explanation)
* Summarizing
* Atlas
* Wall maps
* Student's book
* Satellite photos

Atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Me-sphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the structure of hydrosphere
* Explaining (oral explanation)

* Working in groups
* sketching
* student's book
* Supplementary library reading
* Wall maps
* Atlas

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Weather
* Meaning of weather
* Meaning of climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define the term weather

(ii) Differentiate between weather and climate
* Class discussion
* Weather
* Charts
* Students book

Weather
Elements of weather
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) State the elements of weather

* Observing local weather elements
* Discussing
* Explaining
* demonstrating
* Resource person
* Weather chars
* Teachers Guide

Weather
Factors influencing temperatures in the surface of the earth

(i) Latitudes
(ii) Length of the day
(iii) Altitude
By the end of the day, the learner should be able to:

(i) Explain factors that influence temperatures on the earth's surface

* Working in a group
* summarizing
* wall maps
* Weather
* charts

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Weather
Factors influencing weather

(i) Distance from the sea
(ii) Winds
(iii) Cloud cover
(iv) Aspect
(v) Atmosphere pressure
By the end of the lesson, the earner should be able to

(i) Describe factors that influence weather
* Explaining (oral expositions)

* Class discussion
* Weather charts
* Text books
* School based weather station

Weather
* Distribution of pressure system

* Characteristics of winds
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Detail the distribution of pressure system

(ii) Identify the types of clouds
* Demonstrating
* Observing level wings
* Observing clouds in the sky
* Wall maps
* Atlas
* Weather charts
* Teachers Guide
Weather
I.T.C.2
Effects of wind
Land and sea breeze
By the end of the lesson ,the learner should be able to:

(i) Analyse the effects of wind and explain the workings of a land and a sea breeze
* Drawing diagrams
* Explain land and sea breeze
* Satellite photos
* Cup counter
* Anemometer
* Weather charts

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Weather
* Mountain and valley winds

* Humidity
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain how valley winds originate and move

(ii) Define humidity
* Drawing sketches
* Class discussion
* Taking and making notes
* Weather charts
* Text books

Weather
Precipitation
* Dew
* Fog
* Mist
* Hail
* Rainfall (cyclonic rainfall)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify various forms of precipitation

(ii) Define cyclonic rain fall
* Oral expositions
* Demonstrating
* Students discussing
* Drawing sketches
* Teacher's guide
* Weather charts
* Relevant pictures

Student's book 1, page 47,51
Weather
* Convectional rainfall
* Orographic rainfall
OBJECTIVES:

(i) State the characteristics of convectional and orographic rainfall
* Drawing sketches
* Observing local weather
* Satellite
* Photographs
* Weather charts
* Maps
* Student's book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Weather
Study of weather station
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Carry out a field study of a weather station
* Drawing sketches and diagrams

* Observing weather instruments
* Weather station
* Stevenson's Screen
* Pictures of weather instruments

Weather
Weather station 'stevenson's screen

Factors for citing a weather station
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain factors that influence citing of a weather station

* Observing weather instruments
Simple weather instruments e.g wind vane, rain gauge, hygrometer, barometer e.t.c

Weather
Description of the structure and composition of the atmosphere
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the structure of the atmosphere

(ii) Describe the composition of the atmosphere

* Drawing diagrams
* Resource person
* Globe
* Satellite
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 11
OBJECTIVES:
Weather
Measuring elements of weather

- Pressure
- Temperature
- humidity
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) explain how weather measuring instruments function
* Taking notes and making notes

* Predicting the weather
* discussing
* Weather instruments
* Pictures of weather
* Instruments

Weather
Weather focusing
Traditional methods
Modern methods
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain how weather focusing is carried out
* Analyzing weather data and making conclusions
* Weather charts
* Weather station
* Satellite photos

Weather
Calculating and recording weather conditions

* Rainfall
* Temperature
* Pressure
* humidity
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) describe the weather conditions
(ii) calculate and record weather conditions
* Calculating of the average analyzing weather data and making conclusions
* Student's book
* Teachers guide
* Satellite
* Photographs

REVISION AND END OF TERM ONE EXAMINATIONS

SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM ONE
TERM II
Statistical methods
Definitions of statistics
Types of statistical data
Usage of statistics
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define the term statistics

(ii) Identify types and sources of statistical data
(iii) State the uses of statistics
* Explaining the meaning of statics

* Discussing the types of statistical data
* Discussing the sources of the statistical data
* Figures obtained from a statistical abstract

2
Statistical methods
Sources of statistical data

Primary sources
Secondary sources
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify primary and secondary sources of statistical data
* Visiting the field and interviewing resource persons or observing phenomena

directly and recording the information
* Statistical abstract
* Any statistical figures
* Field obtained data

Statistical Methods
Methods of data collection

(i) Observation
(ii) Interview
(iii) Questionnaire
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify and describe methods of collecting and recording data
* Visiting the fields

* Discussing
* Designing of questionnaires

* Questionnaires schedules
* Focus on Geography Student's book 1 70-73
OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical methods
Methods of data collection

* The measurement method
* Sampling types
* Random
* Systematic
* stratified
OBJECTIVES:

(i) identify the measurement method
(ii) identify and describe the types of sampling
- taking and making notes

- discussing
- scores on a geographical test in class

Statistical methods
Methods of recording data
(i) Field sketching
(ii) Tallying
(iii) Tabulation
(iv) Photography
(v) Video taping notes taking
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse and interpret data collected
* Discussing various methods of data recording such as note taking photography

e.t.c

Statistical methods
Methods of analyzing data

- Mean
- Medium
- Mode
- Percentage
- Frequency distribution
- range
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse and interpret data collected
* discussing methods of analyzing their merits and demerits
* metrological statistics for a specific station on rainfall and temperature

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical methods
Data representation
* Line graph
* Bar graph
* Combined line and bar graph (polygraph)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Present statistical data by use of appropriate graphical methods
* Drawing of each graph using data provided
* Graph papers
* Provide climatic statistics for any specific station to plot graph

Statistical Methods
Simple wind rose
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Present statistical data using a simple wind rose
* Drawing of simple rose using statistical data presented
* Provide figures from a statistical abstract to draw a simple wind rose

Statistical Methods
Advantages and disadvantages of each method of data presentation
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) State the advantages and disadvantages of the statistical methods
* Discussing the advantages and disadvantages of graphs as a means of presenting

data
* Class discussion
* Student's book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Maps and Map Work
Definitions of pictures, plans and maps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define the terms picture, plan and map
* Drawing a simple plan of the classroom

* Drawing a simple plan of a school compound
* Drawings of simple plans and sketch maps

Map and map work
Types of maps
(i) Atlas
(ii) Topographical sketch
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify the different types of maps
* Discussion on the types of maps and types of scales
* Atlas
* Topographical maps
* Student's book

3
Maps and map work
Uses of different maps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify different uses of maps

* Explain the uses of maps

* Focus on Geography Student's book 1 97
OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Map and map work
Marginal information
* The key
* The scale
* The compass
* The frame
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify different marginal information found in the margin of a map
* Learner s viewing various information on select maps
* Student's book

Maps and Map work
Maps scale
* Representative fraction
* linear
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) identify the different types of maps
* discussing on types of maps and types of scales

* classroom discussion
* provide topographical maps to learners

Maps and map work
Conversion of scale
R.F to statement scale
R.F to linear scale
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Perform conversion of the scales
* Drawing single sketches of scales

* Practicing how to convert scales
Topographical maps
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Maps and map work
Sizes of scales
* Small scale
* Medium scale
* Large scale
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) State and explain the different sizes of the scales
* Discussion on sizes of the scales
* Student's book

2
Maps and Map work
Uses of scales
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify and explain the different uses of scales
* Identifying and explaining the different uses of scales

Gateway secondary Revision Geography page 5
Maps and Map work
* Distances on maps
* Measuring distances along a straight line
Using a paper edge
Using a pair of dividers
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Measure distance using different methods
- Practicing how to measure distance between places on maps

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Maps and Map work
Calculating areas on map

Regular shapes
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
* Calculate features in maps using scales
* Practicing how to calculate areas of certain features on maps
* Student's book

Gateway secondary Revision Geography page 5-6
Maps and map work
Finding the areas of irregular shapes

- Grid squares method
- Geometry method
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Calculate areas using strips and graph methods
* Practicing law
* Calculate areas of irregular shapes
* Teacher's guide
Maps and Map work
* Strips method
* Graphs paper method
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Calculate areas using strips and graph methods
* Practicing how to calculate areas of irregular shapes by graph and strips
* Transparent graph papers to enable learners to calculate areas

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Field work
Definition of field work

Types of field work
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define the term fieldwork

(ii) Identify types of fieldwork
* Discussing types of field work

* Oral exposition
* Defining fieldwork
* Resource person
* Student's book
* Lesson notes

Field work
Importance of field work
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the importance of field work
* Explaining and describing methods of collecting data e.g

* Observation
* Internal questionnaire
* Resource person
* Lesson notes
* Student's book

3
Field work
Field work procedure
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the procedure to be followed during fieldwork
* Preparing objectives and hypothesis required for field study
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Field work
Formulating hypothesis
Reconnaissance
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the procedure to be followed during field work
* Preparing hypothesis and carrying out reconnaissance study
* Formulated hypothesis
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
Field work
Preparation for field work
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Prepare on how to carry out field study
* Students reading about the topic of study from relevant books

* Gathering equipment, tool, route maps and guiding questions
* The field e.g local environment

Field work
Problems encountered during fieldwork
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Mention some of the possible problems encountered in the field and how to cope
with them
* Classroom discussion
* Oral expositions
* class notes
* Student's book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Field work
Sample studies
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify a suitable topic of study and formulate questionnaires and hypothesis
* Making notes
* Drawing sketches and simple maps and formulating hypothesis
* The field (local environment)

* Compass
* Clinometers

Field work
Field work within the local environment

OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Carry out reconnaissance pre-visit study of field work
* Student's to actively involve themselves in fieldwork

* Interviewing resource persons while in the fields
* The field (local environment

* Magnetic compass
* Clinometers

Field work
Field work within the local environment
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Visit the field ,take notes, draw sketches interviews and photographs
* Involvement in the field work by note-taking sketching

* Compiling of a comprehensive field report from the field
* The field (local environment)

* Magnetic compass
* Relevant stationary


SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM ONE
TERM III
1
1
Minerals and Rocks
Definition of minerals and rocks
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Define rocks and minerals
* Defining the terms mineral and rocks

* Rock samples
* Geological maps
* Student's book

* Gateway secondary Revision page 25
Minerals and rocks
Characteristics of minerals
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) State the characteristics of minerals
* Discussion on the various characteristics of minerals

* Drawing sketch

3
Minerals and rocks
Rocks
* Igneous rocks (intrusive)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Classify intrusive igneous rocks according to the mode of formation
* Discussing the various modes of formation of igneous rocks

* Classifying igneous rocks
* Oral exposition
* Class debating
* Resource person as a geologist
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Minerals and Rocks
Igneous rocks (extrusive)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Classify extrusive igneous rocks

* Exposition
* Discussion on the extrusive rocks
* Rocks specimens
* Geological maps
* Photographs of rocks

Minerals and Rocks
Sedimentary rocks
* Mechanically formed
* Organically formed
* Chemically formed
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain sedimentary rocks

* Discussion
* Listening and exposition
* Student's books
* Rock specimens

3
Minerals and rocks
Metamorphic rocks
* Dynamic metamorphism
* Thermal dynamic metamorphism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain dynamic and thermal dynamic metamorphism

* Explaining rock formation by metamorphism
* Describing process of metamorphism
* Geological maps
* Teacher's guide
* Rock specimens

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
Mineral and Rocks
Thermal metamorphism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Classify and explain rocks formed by thermal metamorphism

* Demonstration
* Local environment
* Teacher's Guide
* Diagrams and photographs of rocks formed by thermal metamorphism

Minerals and rocks
Classification of rocks by age
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Classify rocks according to age
* Classroom discussion on rock classification

* Oral exposition
* demonstrating
* rock specimen
* Geological maps

Minerals and Rocks
Characteristics of rocks
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) State the characteristics of rocks

* Discussion on the characteristics of rocks
* Stating the characteristics of rocks
* Local environment
* Diagrams and photographs of rocks
* Rock specimens

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Minerals and Rocks
Distribution of rocks types in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Account for the distribution of major types of rocks in Kenya
* Drawing a sketch of map of Kenya

* Discussion the distribution of rocks
* Atlas
* Geological maps
* Diagrams and photographs of different rocks
OBJECTIVES:

Minerals and Rocks
Distribution of Rocks types in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Account for the distribution of rocks in Kenya
* Oral exposition
* Drawing diagrams of rocks
* Discussing the distribution of rocks
* Atlas
* Geological maps
* Diagrams and Photographs of different rocks

Minerals and Rocks
Significance of Rocks
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the significance of rocks

* Oral exposition
* Class debating
* Explaining usefulness of rocks
* Sample of rocks
* Teachers Guide
* Student's Book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Minerals and Rocks
Field work
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify major types of rocks and their uses within the local environment
* Collecting rock samples from local environment

* Identifying and classifying them
* Rock samples (specimens from the field)

2
Minerals and Rocks
Practical work
By the end to the lesson, the learner should be able to:

(i) Do practical work, identify and collect rock samples
* Displaying fully labeled rock samples

* Identifying types of rocks
* Rock samples
* Photographs of rocks
* Pictures and diagrams of rocks
Minerals and Rock
Assessment
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Correctly answer the questions asked
* Tackling an exercise
* Quizzes
* Exercise from student's book
* Drawings
* Relevant stationery

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
1
OBJECTIVES:
Mining
Definition of mining
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define mining
* Defining mining
* Class discussion on mining
* Samples of minerals
* Pictures of minerals
* Lesson notes

Mining
Factors influencing mining
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain factors influencing the occurrence of minerals
* Oral exposition
* Describing the occurrence of minerals
* Identifying factors that influence mineral occurrences
* Charts on minerals
* Pictures and diagrams of minerals

Mining
Factors influencing exploitation of mining
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain factors influencing the exploitation of minerals
* Stating factors that influence mineral exploitation

* Explaining terms
* Photographs of minerals
* Teachers Guide
* Lesson notes

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Mining
Mining methods ( surface mining)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe surface mining as a method of mining
* Describing surface mining

* Classroom discussion on surface mining
* Charts on surface mining

* Lesson notes

Mining
Methods of mining (underground mining)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe underground mining
* Describing the underground mining

* Listing various methods of underground mining
* Charts on underground mining

* Lesson notes

Mining
Distribution of major minerals in East Africa

OBJECTIVES:

(i) Account for the distribution of minerals in Kenya
* Drawing a map showing the location of major minerals in Kenya

* Making notes and taking them
* Atlas
* Lesson notes
* Geological map
* Charts

* Gateway secondary Revision page 94-95
OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Mining
Distribution of major minerals in East Africa
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Account for the distribution of minerals in Kenya
* Explaining the various localities where minerals are found

* Locating the mineral sites
* Atlas
* Geological maps
* Charts on minerals
Mining
Significance of minerals in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the economic importance of minerals in Kenya
* Discussing the importance of minerals in Kenya

* Oral exposition
* Newspaper cuttings in minerals

* Lesson notes
* Products of minerals

Mining
Problems facing the mining industry in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Account for the problems facing the mining industry in Kenya
* Describing the problems facing mining in Kenya

* Oral exposition
* Discussion on the problems facing mining industries in Kenya
* Lesson notes
* Teachers guide
* Student's book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Mining
Trona mining in lake Magadi
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the occurrence of exploitation of Trona in lake Magadi
* Illustrating the occurrence of soda ash in lake Magadi

* Drawing sketch
* Maps
* Charts student's book

2
Mining
Gold mining in South Africa
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe and explain the occurrence and exploitation of Gold in south Africa
* Locating the main areas of gold in south Africa

* Drawing sketch diagrams
* Atlas
* Lesson notes
* Maps charts on Gold in S.A
* Teacher's guide

Mining
Diamond mining in South Africa
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the occurrence and exploitation of diamonds in South Africa
Identifying areas rich in diamonds

Drawing diagrams and sketches
* Maps
* Charts
* Lesson notes
* Student's
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Mining
Problems and contributions of mining in S.A
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Account for the problems facing mining in South Africa
* Discussion of the problems facing mining in South Africa

* Student's Book
* Newspaper cuttings
* Films
* Class notes

Mining
Petroleum mining in the Middle East
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the occurrence of petroleum and its exploitation in the middle East

* Discussion on the occurrence
* Teacher's guide
* Student's book
* Maps
* :Lesson notes

Mining
Contribution and problems facing oil industry in middle East
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the contribution of petroleum to economy of the Middle East
* Explaining the importance of petroleum to the middle East

* Making notes
* Discussion on the contribution of oil in the Middle East
* Lesson notes
* Student's book
* Teacher's book
* Pictures and photographs of industry


SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM TWO
TERM I
1
1
Internal land forming process
Definition of earth movements
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define earth movement
* Taking notes
* Class discussion
* Oral expression
* Going for field work
* Sketches
* Drawings
* Field maps
* globe
* Comprehensive Secondary Geography form 2

Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page 23
* Focus on Geography Student's book 2 page 1
Internal land forming processes
Types of earth movement
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify horizontal and vertical earth movements
* Discussing types of earth movements

* Group work
* Displaying drawings of earth movements
* Drawings
* Maps
* sketches

* Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page 23
Causes of earth movement

(i) Explain causes of horizontal and vertical earth movements
* Using a display bond

* Observing
* Drawing diagrams
* Maps
* Drawings
* Sketches

* Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page
* Focus on Geography Student's book 2 page 1-2
OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Continental drift theory
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the theory of continental drift
* Taking notes
* Drawing diagrams
* Photographs
* Flannel board
* maps

Continental Drift
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Give evidence to support the theory of continental drift
* Oral exposition
* Discussing
* Displaying and drawings
* Drawings
* Lesson notes
* Student's book

Plate tectonics
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the theory of tectonics
* Taking notes
* Discussing
* Sketches
* Drawings
* Maps

Folding
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define folding

(ii) Explain the process of folding
* Taking notes
* Discussing the process of folding
* Sketches
* Maps
Internal land forming
Types of folds
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe types of folds
* Drawing diagrams
* Displaying maps, drawing and photographs
* Displaying models
* Drawings
* Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page 29-30
Types of folds
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the resultant features due to folding
(ii) Explain the significance of folding
* Drawing diagrams
* Discussing tectonics

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
1
OBJECTIVES:
Internal land forming pressure
Faulting
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define faulting
(ii) Explain the process of faulting

* Drawing of features
* Sketches
* Drawings
* Student's book

Types of faults
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe types of faults

(ii) Explain resultant features due to faulting
* Analyzing and recording information of different features
* Photograph
* Diagrams
* sketches
* Features of faulting
* Study of the Great Rift valley
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to:

(i) Explain the resultant feature due to faulting
(ii) Describe the structure of the rift valley
* Modeling of features
* Drawing
* Maps
* Atlases
* Sketches

OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:

Study of Great Rift Valley
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the formation of the Great Rift valley and theories on Rift valley
formation
* Drawing diagrams of the great Rift valley

* Sketching
* Discussing about the great Rift Valley
* Atlases
* Maps
* Student's book

World distribution of features due to faulting
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Account for the world distribution of features due to faulting
* Making notes
* Listening
* Oral exposition
* Drawing of features due to faulting
* Globe
* Maps
* Photographs

* Focus on Geography Student's book 2 page
3
Significance of faulting to human activities
OBJECTIVES:

Explain the significance of faulting to human activities
* Oral exposition
* Discussing about faulting
OBJECTIVES:
* Diagrams
* Student's book
* Local environment
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Extrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the formation of extrusive features
(ii) Describe types if extrusive
* Taking notes
* Displaying various drawings
* Diagrams
* Sketches
* Photographs
* Student's book

Extrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the formation of extrusive features

(ii) Describe types of extrusive volcanism
* Taking notes
* Displaying various drawings
* Diagrams
* Photographs
* Video films slides

3
Extrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe extrusive volcanic land forms

(ii) Account for the formation of extrusive volcanic land forms
* Discussing extrusive volcanism

* Oral exposition
* Displaying maps and drawings
* Talking notes
* Sketches
* Student's book
* Video films
* slides

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Extrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe resultant features extrusive volcanism
(ii) Explain the formation of extrusive volcanic land forms
* Drawing features notes

* Observing features
* Discussing
* Group work
* Taking notes
* Student's book
* Diagram
* Lesson notes
* Photographs

Intrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe resultant features of intrusive volcanism

(ii) Describe the formation of intrusive land forms
* discussing
* Sketches
* Diagram
* Photographs

3
Intrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe resultant features of intrusive volcanism
(ii) Explain the formation of intrusive volcanic land forms
* Discussing
* Sketches
* Diagrams
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Intrusive volcanism
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the formation of intrusive land forms
(ii) Explain the formation of intrusive features
* Sketching land forms
* Cases discussion
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Photographs
* Diagrams

Types of volcanoes
World distribution of volcanic features
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify types of volcanoes
(ii) Account for the world moved distribution of volcanic zones
* Drawing of diagrams
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Videos
* Films
* Slides
* maps

* KLB secondary Geography Student's book 2 page 25 and 34
3
Significance of volcanism to human activities
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to

(i) Explain the significance of volcanism to human activities
* Making notes
* Taking notes
* Discussing the significance of volcanism
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Maps
* Globe
* Atlases

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Definition of Earthquake
Seismic waves
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define the term, earthquake
(ii) Identify various types of waves
(iii) Define seismic waves
* Making notes
* Taking notes
* Drawing of waves
* Student's book
* Teacher's book
* Relevant pictures

Causes of earth quakes

(i) Explain the causes of earth quakes
* Discussing causes of earth quakes

* Drawing diagrams
* Student's book
* Relevant pictures
* charts
OBJECTIVES:

Types of earth quakes waves
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the working of various earthquake waves
(ii) Explain how waves cause earthquakes
Drawing of earthquakes waves

Discussing types of earth quakes waves
Analyzing different waves
assignment
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Charts
* Use of cassettes

OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Measuring of earth quakes

Distribution of earthquakes
Zone s of the world
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the significance of earthquakes on the environment
* Observing photographs
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Display board
* Use of flannel board
Effects of Earthquakes
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the influence of earthquakes on the environment
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Display board
* Use of flannel board

Human response to earthquakes

(i) Explain how people can respond to earthquakes (disaster management)
* Discussing human response to earthquakes

* Oral exposition
* Videos
* Films
* Slides
* Student's book
OBJECTIVES:
Week 11
OBJECTIVES:
Assessment
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Do an exercise on internal land forming process and answer the questions
correctly
* Doing revision exercises

* Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page -33
2
Map work
Direct and bearing
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Distinguish between direction and hearing
* Drawing of land marks

* Local environment
OBJECTIVES:

Map work
Traditional and modern methods of showing directions
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify traditional and modern methods of locating places and features
* Relating of stars and landmarks

* Reading compass point
* Determining direction by use of compass and orientations
* Compass
* Pictures
* diagrams
OBJECTIVES:

* Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page
* KLB secondary Geography Student's book 2 page
1
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Map work
Compass bearing
types of north

(i) Use compass bearing to give direction of a place as an angle measured form
north
* Determining position by using a compass to get the bearing

* Drawing the 16 compass points
* Discussing the types of north
* Magnetic compass
* Lesson notes
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
Map work
* Calculation of bearing
* Locating of places
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Find bearing and locate the places from which bearing is required
* Drawing of bearing
* Determining and calculating beating
* Extracting places names from a map extract
* Teacher's guide
* Lesson notes

Map work
Direction
Bearing
Distance
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Relate direction, bearing and distance
* Measuring the angle of bearing

* Relating bearing to direction
* Calculating distances from various points
* Protractor
* Lesson notes
* Magnetic compass
* ruler


SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM TWO
TERM II
1
Map work
Longitudes and latitudes
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Use longitudes and latitudes to find location or position of places
* Determining the location of latitudes and longitudes on a map

* observing
* topographical maps
* Student's book

Map-work
Grid reference
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Use grid reference to find the position of features
* Showing student's how to use castings and workings

* Sketching
* observing
* Teacher's grid

* Certificate geography student's book 2, page 56 and 61
3
Map work
Representing relief
Formations
Centro's
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Use contours lines and form lines to identify relief features on topographical
map
* Discussing relief
* Analyzing contours
* Teachers guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Map work
* Spot height
* Trigonometrical stations
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Use spot heights and trogonometrical stations to determine relief
* Explaining the various heights
* Observing the spot height
* Lesson notes
* Teacher's guide
Map work
* Cliff and rock drawing

* Hachure's
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able

(i) Use hachure's cliff and rock drawings to represent relief
* Observing
* Demonstrating
* discussing
* Teacher's guide

Map work
* Hill shading
* Layer tilting
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Use hill shading and fitting to represent relief
* Sketching
* Drawing diagrams
* observing
* Diagrams
* Lesson notes
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
Map work
Exercise (Taita hills map)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Use a topographical map for map work inter-presentation
Giving learner s topographical maps for the work test

Photography
* Definition
* Ground photograph
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define a photograph

(ii) Describe parts of a ground photograph
* Collecting photographs from calendars, magazines and other services

* Learners observing the photographs
* Photographs
* Photographs in the student's book

Photography
Aerical Photographs

(i) Identify the types of aerical photographs
* Analyzing feature of a photographic
* Photographs in students book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Photography
Parts of a photograph
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe parts of a photograph
* Observing parts of a photograph

* Group work
* Oral exposition
Photographs taken by teacher

Lesson notes

Photography
Advantages and disadvantages of using photographs
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the merits and demerits of using a photograph
* Making notes
* Oral exposition
* Lesson notes
* Student's book
* chalkboard

Photography
Estimating actual sizes of features on a photograph
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Estimate sizes of features appearing on photographs
* Viewing various photographs

* Analyzing different features
* Photographs collected from any source

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
1
OBJECTIVES:
Photography
* Sketching from photographs

* Inter -presentation of relief and drawings features
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Sketch from photographs
* Analyzing features
* Student's book
* Photographs

Photography
Interpreting of vegetation and climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Interpret vegetation and climatic features as they appear on a photograph
* Recording features
* Teachers guide
* Photographs
* Lesson notes
Photography
Studying human activities and photographs
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify and interpret human activities on photographs
* Drawing features
* Recording features
* Student's book
* Photographs
* Lesson notes

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical methods
Comparative line graph
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Represent statistical data using a comparative line graph
* Drawing and plotting of data in a comparative line graph

* sketching
* figures from statistical abstracts

* students? book
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical methods
Comparative line graphs
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse and interpret statistical data using a comparative line graph
* Observing and informing the comparison on the line graph

* Drawing and sketching
Figures from statistical abstracts

Students book

3
Statistical methods
Divided bar graphs
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Present statistical data using divided bar graph
Drawing a divided bar graph using data given
* Hypothetical figures formulated by the teachers

OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical bar graphs
Divided bar graphs
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse and interpret statistical data on a divided bar graphs
* Drawing and plotting of the graph on a graph paper

* Observing various trends on the graph
* Graph paper
* Statistical abstracts
* Lesson notes

Statistical bar graph
Comparative bar graph
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse and interpret data a comparative bar graph
* Drawing and plotting a comparative bar graph

* Analyzing and interpreting the data
* Teacher's guide
* Graph book
* Student's book

Statistical methods
Comparative bar graph
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Analyse and interpret data from a comparative bar graph
* Drawing and plotting a comparative bar graph
* Analyzing and interpreting the comparative bar graphs
* Teachers guide
* Graph book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical methods
Analyse the disadvantages of each method of data presentation
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the advantages of each method of data presentation e.g bar graphs
* Oral exposition
* Observation
* Demonstrating
* Discussing advantages and disadvantages
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
OBJECTIVES:

Teacher's book 2, page
Statistical methods
Exercise
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Complete exercise on statistical methods
* Teacher's guide

Climate
* Definition of climate
* Definition of weather
* Difference between weather and climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Distinguish between weather and climate
* Oral exposition
* Weather charts
* Climate maps
* Lesson notes
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Factors influencing climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain factors that influence climate
* Drawing sketches and maps

* Class discussion
* Weather charts
* Climate maps
* Student's book

* Gateway Secondary Revision Geography page 55 21
2
Climate
Factors influencing climate
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the factors that influence climate

* Interpreting weather charts
* Drawing statistical maps
* Globe
* Teacher's guide
* Weather stations

Climate
Climatic regions of Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the characteristics of the climatic regions of Kenya
Locating different climatic regions on a map of Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
* Maps
* Atlases

OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Climatic regions of Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the characteristics of the climatic of Kenya
* Analyzing climatic maps

* Locating different climatic regions
* Climatic charts
* Lesson notes
* Weather charts

Climate
Hot climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe hot climate of the world

* Studying photographs of hot climate zones
* Student's book
* Photographs
* Teacher's guide

OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Hot climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe hot climate of the world

* Studying photographs of hot climate zones
* Student's book
* Photographs
* Teacher's guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 11
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Cool temperatures climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe characteristics of cool temperature climates
* Drawing diagrams
* Drawing sketches
* Analysing climatic maps
* Maps
* Atlases
* Lesson notes
* Weather charts

* Gateway secondary Revision Geography Pg 60-61
Climate
Arctic Climate
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe characteristics of arctic climate

* Globe
* Lesson notes
* Student's book
* Weather charts

* Gateway secondary Revision Geography Pg 61
Climate
Mountain climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe characteristics of mountain climates

* Maps
* Lesson notes
* Weather charts
* Teacher's guide

1
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Warm temperature Climate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the characteristics of warm temperature climates

* Analysing weather data
* Drawing the 16 climatic zones
* Maps
* Atlas
* Graphs pages
* Globe

Climate
Cold climates
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) State the characteristics of cold climates
* Discussing the characteristics of cold climates

* Drawing of climatic zones
* Locating on a map
* Maps
* Weather charts
* Student's book
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Cold climates
OBJECTIVES:

(i) State the characteristics of cold climates
* Discussing the characteristics of cold climates

* Drawing of climatic zones
* Locating on a map
* Resource person (meteorologist)

* Student's book


SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM TWO
TERM III
1
climate
Desert climates
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the characteristics of desert climate
* Locating desert climate on a world map

* Oral exposition
* Maps
* Globe
* Student's book
* Lesson notes
* Weather charts

Climate
Aridity
Definition of aridity
Causes of aridity
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define aridity

(ii) State the causes of aridity
* Note taking and making

* Class debating on causes of aridity and desertification
* Discussing aridity
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* maps

OBJECTIVES:
3
Climate
Effects ad possible solutions to aridity
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
* Explain the effects and possible solutions on aridity
* Studying photographs of aridity and desertification

* Discussing effects and possible solutions to aridity
* Maps
* Photographs
* Videos
* films

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
* Definition of desertification
* Causes of desertification
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define desertification and state its causes
* Studying photographs of desertification

* Discussing desertification
* Text books
* Maps

Climate
Effects and possible solutions to desertification
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the effects and possible solutions to desertification
* Identifying possible solutions

* Debating
* Oral exposition
* Teachers guide
* Photographs
* Student's books

Climate
* Define climate change

* Causes of climate change
By the end of the lesson, the learner, should be able to:
(i) Define climate change
(ii) State causes of climate change

* Oral exposition
* Class debating
* Discussing causes of climate change
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Globe
* Atlas

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
Climate
Impact of climate change on the environment
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the impact of climate change on the environment
* Discussing impacts
* Identifying areas, prone to climate change
* Local environment
* Students book
* Wall map

Vegetation
* Define vegetation
* Different types of vegetation
By the end of the lesson, the learner, should be able to:

(i) Identify types of vegetation

* Class debating
* Oral
* Discussing vegetation types
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Chalk board
* illustrations

Vegetation
Factors influencing vegetation distribution
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify factors influencing vegetation distribution
* Debating in class
* Discussing factors
* Oral exposition
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Chalk board illustrations
OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Vegetations
Vegetation types of Kenya

* Forest Vegetation
* Savanna vegetation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify vegetation of types of Kenya

* Group work
* Assignment
* Listening
* Lesson notes
* Map students book

2
Vegetation
Vegetation types in Kenya

Health and moorland
Swamp vegetation
Revenue vegetation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify vegetation types of Kenya

* Lesson notes
* Maps
* Student's book

Vegetation
Major vegetation in the region of the world

- Forest vegetation
- Rain forest
- Monsoon
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss characteristics of rain forest and monsoon forest
* Class debating
* Discussing vegetation regions
* Lesson notes
* Map students
* Students book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Vegetation
Forests
* Coniferous
* Temperate
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe characteristics of coniferous and temperate forests
* Discussing coniferous and temperate forests

* Identifying vegetation zones
* Maps
* Student's book
* Local environment

Vegetation
Grasslands
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe grass land vegetation
Identifying vegetations zones

Discussing grasslands
Vegetation
Making and taking notes
* Photographs
* Resource person
* Maps
OBJECTIVES:

Vegetation
Grass lands
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe grass land vegetation

* Discussing grasslands vegetation

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Vegetation
* Desert vegetation
* Mountain vegetation
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the characteristics of mountain and desert vegetation in the world
* Discussing characteristics
* Drawing and sketching
* Identifying vegetation regions

Vegetation
Mediterranean vegetation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the Mediterranean vegetation zones of the world
* Student's book
* Lesson notes
* Photographs
* Teacher's guide

Vegetation
Significance of vegetation
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the significance of vegetation
* Debating on the significance of vegetation

* Student's book
* Lesson notes
* Teacher's guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Vegetation
Field work
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Carry out a field work on the study of vegetation in the local area
* Field study of the local environment
* Local environment

OBJECTIVES:

Foresting
Define the term forest and forestry
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define the terms forest and forestry

* Class debating
* Class discussion
Student's book
Photographs
Teacher's guide

Forestry
Factors that influence the distribution of forests
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the factors influencing the distribution of forest
* Discussing the factors

* Drawing diagrams
* Maps
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide
* Local environment

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Forestry
Tropical hard wood forests
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify characteristics and location of tropical hardwood forests
* Discussing tropically hardwood forests

* Interpreting photographs
* Maps
* Student's book
* Photographs

Forestry
Temperate hard wood forests
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify characteristics and location of temperate hardwood forests

* Drawing diagram and sketches
* Identifying temperate hard wood
* Student's book
* Atlas photographs

Forestry
Coniferous forests
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify characteristic and location of coniferous forests
* Identifying coniferous forests

* Photographs
* Teachers guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Forestry
Importance of forests and forests products
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the significance of forest and forest products in Kenya

* Oral exposition
* Discussing problems facing forestry in Kenya
* Maps
* Display chats
* Student's book
* Resource person
* Sample of forest products
Forestry
Problems facing forestry in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify and explain problems facing forestry in Kenya

* Oral exposition
* Discussing problems facing forestry in Kenya
* Maps
* Display charts
* Student's book
* Resource persons

Forestry
Management of forests in Kenya
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to

(i) Demonstrate willingness to manage forests
* Class debating
* Discussing management of forests in Kenya
* Resource person
* Students book
* Flannel board

* Gateway secondary Revision Geography Pg
OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Forestry
Conservation of forests in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe various ways of conserving forests
* Discussing conversation
* Class debating
* Field study of local forests

Forestry
Soft wood forests in Kenya and Canada
OBJECTIVES:

(i) State the characteristics of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada
* Discussing softwoods in Kenya and Canada

* Drawing maps
* Oral expositions
* Flannel board
* Maps
* Students? book

Forest
Comparison of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Compare and contrast soft wood forests in Kenya and Canada
* Discussing points
* Class debating
* Atlases
* Display board
* Student's book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 11
OBJECTIVES:
Forest
Assignment
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Correctly answer questions on forest and forestry
* Answering questions
OBJECTIVES:

Student's book 2, page
Forestry
Work to do assignment
* Grading students work

Student's book 2, page

SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM THREE
TERM I
Statistical Methods
Compound bar graph (communicative bar-graph)
By the end the lesson, the learner should be able to:

(i) Define statistics analyse and interpret present statistical data on a compound
bar graph
* Sketching and drawing compound Bar graph

* discussions
* Hypothetical figures
* Students book
* Certificate Geography form 3 student copy pg 1-4

* KLB secondary form three student book page 1-2
* K.C.S.E golden Tips Geography page 31
* Comprehensive Geography form 3 student book page 1-3
Teacher's Guide page 23-24
Statistical Methods
Compound Bar Graph
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Construct a compound bar graph

(ii) State advantages and disadvantages of compound bar graph
* Drawing compound bar graph
* Display Board
* Student Book

Proportional Circles
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Analyse, interpret and present statistical data using proportional circles
* Drawing the proportional circles, discussions

* Taking notes
* Display board
* Student book

Proportional Circles

(i) Construct proportional circles
(ii) Discussing advantages and disadvantages of proportional circle
* Drawing the proportional circles

* Hypothetical figurers
* Display board
* Student book
* Graph Paper
OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical Methods
Divided circles (pie charts)
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse, interpret and present statistical data using the charts
* Sketching/plotting pie chart

* Discussing pie chart, presentation
* Taking notes
* Hypothetical Figures
* Statistical Abstract
* Text book
* Graph paper

* K.C.S.E Golden tips Geography page 32
2
Divided Circles
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Construct a pie chart
(ii) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of pie-chart

* Taking notes
* Sketching/plotting pie chart
* Statistical Abstract
* Text book
* Graph paper

* K.S.C.E Golden tips Geography pg 32
Statistical Methods
Assessment

(i) Attempt a revision exercise on statistical methods
* Test it and fix it K.C.S.E revision Geography pg 11-16

* High flyer series K.C.S.E revision in Geography 1995-2010
* Comprehensive Geography form 3 student book Pg 9
Statistical Methods
Revision
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Understand the correct exercise on statistical methods
Discussing and explaining
Asking and answering questions
* Graph paper
* Display board questions
* Test it and fix it K.C.S.E revision Geography pg 11-16

* High flyer series K.C.S.E revision in Geography 1995-2010
* Comprehensive Geography form 3 student book
OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
1
&
2
Map work
Interpretation of land form on a map
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify and describe physical features landforms
* Drawing of features from maps

* Observing topographical maps
* Discussions
* Maps
* Photographs
* Text book

* High flyer series K.C.S.E revision in Geography 1995-2010 pg 31-32
OBJECTIVES:
3
Vegetation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify and describe vegetation on a map
* Sketching of vegetation features from the maps

* Discussing vegetation
* Identifying vegetation
* Hypothetical maps
* Text book

* KLB secondary form three student book page 16
OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Interpreting drainage features on a map
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify and describe drainage features on a map
* Sketching drainage patterns

* Identifying drainage patterns
* Manila papers
* Student's Book

* High flyer series K.C.S.E revision in Geography 1995-2010 pg 32
OBJECTIVES:
Map-work
Interpretation of economic activities on topographical map
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
identify and describe economic human activities on topographical map

* Agriculture
* Fishing
* Trading
* Tourism
* Transport
* communication
* identifying economic activities

* discussing economic activities
* taking notes
* asking and answering questions
* students book

Map-work
Interpretation of settlement patterns on a topographical map

* Factors influencing settlement
* Settlement patterns
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Identify and describe settlement patterns on a map

(ii) Explain factors influencing settlement describing settlement patterns
- Identifying settlement patterns

- Discussing factors influencing settlement patterns
- Describing settlement patterns
- Topographical maps
- Student book

Map-work
Enlargement of maps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Enlarge parts of topographical maps
(ii) State procedures for map enlargement
- Identifying the part of the map

- Taking measurements for the map frame
- Asking and answering questions
- Taking notes
- Sketching the diagrams
- Topographical map
- Graph paper
- Manila paper

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
1
OBJECTIVES:
Map-work
Reduction of maps
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Reduce parts of a topographical map
* Identifying the part of a topographical map

* Taking measurement for a map frame
* Sketching the diagrams
* Topographical map
* Graph paper
* Manila paper
* Certificate Geography form 3 student copy pg 41

2
&
4
Map work
Drawing a relief cross section
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Draw cross-sections from topographical maps
(ii) State two types of cross-section
(iii) Explain and calculate vertical exaggeration
(iv) Gradient inter-visibility
* Identifying the area of topographical map

* Giving familiar examples e.g layout of land
* Drawing a relief cross-section
* Supervising drawing
* Local environment
* Graph paper
* Drawn cross-section
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Map-work
Revision
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
answer question on the map-work covered
* Drawing cross-section, enlarging and reducing parts of topographical map
* Graph paper
* Topographical map
* Manila paper
* Text book

* Comprehensive Geography form 3 student book page 48-49-53
* High flyer series KCSE Revision in Geography 1995-2010 pg 34-36
2
External land forming process
Weathering
Factors influencing weathering
-climate
Topography
Chemical composition
Rock structure
Plant and animals
Agents of weathering
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define weathering

(ii) Explain Agents of weathering
(iii) Explain factors influencing weathering
* Visiting the local environment to observe on weathering activities

* Taking photographs
* Discussing the agents
* Text book
* photographs

External land forming processes ( weathering)
Types of weathering (chemical)

- Solution
- Hydrolysis
- Oxidation carbonation
- hydration
By the end of the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
(i) describe chemical weathering
* observing photographs
* visiting weathered areas (rocks)
* discussing the processes
* photographs
* Textbook

* K.S.C.E Golden tips Geography pg 76-77
External land forming processes (weathering)
* Mechanical weathering
* Block disintegration
* Exfoliation
* Granular disintegration
* Freezing and thawing
* Slaking
* Crystal growth
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
describe mechanical weathering and his related process
* Oral exposition
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Display board
* Rock sample
* Students book
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
External land forming processes (weathering)
Biological weathering
Significance of weathering
* Plants
* Animals
* Human activities
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe biological weathering
(ii) State significance of weathering
* Oral exposition
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Student books
* Display boards
* Newspaper
* Cuttings on mass wasting

External land forming processes (mass wasting
Mass wasting
Factors that influence mass wasting
* Slope nature of the material
* Climate vegetation
* Human activities
* Forces within the earths crust
OBJECTIVES:

* Define mass wasting
* Describe factors influencing mass wasting
* Oral exposition
* Discussing
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Students book
* Newspaper Cutting on mass wasting

External land forming processes ( mass wasting)
Types and processes of mass wasting

Slow
Soil creep
Rock creep Solifluction
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the types of mass wasting
(ii) Describe types of the processes of mass wasting
* Oral exposition
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Text book
* Newspapers cuttings on mass wasting

Mass wasting Rapid

* Earth flow
* Mud flow
* Landslide
* Rain wash
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe rapid flow
(ii) Explain the effects of mass wasting
* oral exposition
* discussion
* taking notes
* taking photographs
* News paper cuttings

* Student book
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
External land forming processes

(hydrological cycle)
Definitions of hydrological cycle
* Process
* significance

(i) describe rapid flow
(ii) explain the effects of mass wasting
* Drawing sketches
* Visiting local environment
* Charts
* Text book
* Diagrams

External land forming processes (rivers)
Action of Rivers
* Definition
* River erosion
* River transportation
* Hydraulic ?corrosion
* Attrition
* Solution
* Transportation
Solution
Suspension
Traction
Satiation
By the end of the lesson, the leaner should be able to

(i) Define rivers
(ii) Describe action of a river
(iii) Describe different process of river erosion and transportation
(iv) Explain factors that contribute to river erosion
(v) Describe river transportation
* Discussing
* Oral exposition
* Making of models
* Visiting local rivers
* Sketching diagrams
* Photographs
* Rivers
* Models
* Text book
* diagrams

External land forming processes (Rivers)
River deposition
Development of river profile
* Longitudinal section
* Features in upper course (youth fall stage
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe river deposition
(ii) Explain factors leading river deposition
(iii) Describe and identify features due to river erosion on the upper course
* Visiting the local rivers
* Discussing features in upper coarse
OBJECTIVES:
* Photographs
* Rivers
* Sketches
* diagrams
OBJECTIVES:

Rivers
Features formed in middle course
Features formed in lower course (mature stage, old stage)
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify features of river erosion in the middle and lower course of River
deposition
* Describing and explaining the features

* Visiting the local rivers
* Drawing sketches
* Discussions
* Text book
* Sketches
* Photographs
* Rivers

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
River capture & rejuvenation

Causes of capture & rejuvenation and features formed
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define river capture
(ii) State causes of river rejuvenation & river capture
(iii) Describe features formed as a result of rejuvenation and capture
* Making models
* Discussions
* Photographs
* Models
* Diagrams
* Text book

Drainage pattern & systems

* Dendrite
* Radial
* Centripetal parallel
* Fault guided
* Trellis
By the end of the lesson, the lesson, the learner should be able to
(i) Describe the drainage patterns
(ii) Identify drainage patterns
* Observing drainage patterns on topographical map

* Sketching the drainage patterns
* Modeling the drainage patterns
* Discussions
* Visiting the near by rivers
* Photographs
* Rivers
* Text book

??
Drainage systems
Significance of rivers
* Accordant
* Discordant
* Back tilted
* Negative and positive significance
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe drainage systems
(ii) Sketching the diagrams
(iii) Explain significance of rivers? positive and negative
* Discussions
* Asking and answering questing
* Taking notes
* Observe maps
* Diagrams
* Textbook
* Maps

*
LAKES
External land forming process
Formation of lakes
Definition
Reasons for salty lakes
Lakes formed as result of tectonic movement
Rift valley
Crustal warping
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define lakes
(ii) State reasons why some lakes are salty
(iii) Describe formation of Rift valley lakes and crystal warping lakes
* Modeling of lakes
* Visiting the lakes
* Observing the lakes on a atlas, maps
* Discussions
* Maps
* Photographs
* Models
* Lakes
* Atlas
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:

* K.S.C.E Golden tips Geography pg 101,102
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
LAKES
Lakes formed by volcanism/ glaciations
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe how lakes are formed by volcanism and glaciations
(ii) State examples of volcanic and glacial lakes
* Describing the volcanic and glacial lakes

* Visiting the lakes
* Observing the lakes on a map, atlas
* Taking and observing photographs
* Observing films
* Lakes
* Maps
* Atlases
* Photograph
* Films
* Text book

Lakes formed by deposition

Human-made lakes, solution
Significance of lakes
Positive and negative
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the lakes formed by deposition, human-made solution lakes
(ii) Explain positive and negative significance of lakes
* Class debating
* Discussing significance of lakes
* Taking notes
* Observing films
* Firms
* Maps
* Atlases
* Text books

* K.S.C.E Golden tips Geography pg 101-102, 103
External land forming process (glaciations)
Glaciations
* Definition of glacier
* Glaciations ice-sheet
Ice-berg
Ice-cap
Types of glacier valley
Pediment
Cirque
Conventional
Glacier movement
* Plastic flowage
* Basal slip
* Extrusion flow
Internal shearing
Factors influencing the rate of glacial movement
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define glacier glaciations, ice-bergs, ice-cap
(ii) Describe types of glacier
(iii) Describe types of glacial movement
(iv) Explain factors influencing the rate of glacial movement
* Observing maps
* Globe
* Talking and observing photographs
* Observing films
* Taking notes
* Maps
* Globe
* Films
* Video tapes
* Display board

Glaciations
Process of glaciations
* Glacial erosion
* Transportation
* Deposition
* Factors influencing glacial erosion and deposition
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe glacial erosion
(ii) Transportation and deposition
(iii) Explain factors influencing glacial erosion
(iv) Explain factors leading to deposition
* Watching films and video tapes

* Taking notes
* Films
* Video tapes
* Photographs
* Text book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 11
OBJECTIVES:
External land forming process (glaciations)
Glaciations
Erosion/features in highland
* Cirque Crete
* 4-shape valley
* Pyramidal peaks, fjords, glacial though, Rock basins: Roche mountaineer
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe features formed in glaciated highlands areas
* Discussing diagrams
* Discussing features
* Map observation
* Maps
* Photographs
* Text book

2
&
3
Glaciations
Resultant features in low land areas
Erratic, Till boulder, train terminal Metairie drumlins
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe glacial fictional feature in the low land
* Drawing sketches
* Discussing features
* Map observation
* Maps
* Photographs
* Text book
* sketches

Glaciations
Significance of glaciations
Revision
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the significance of glaciations
(ii) Answer questions on the topic covered
* Class debating
* Discussing significance
* Taking notes
* Students book
* Text book

* Comprehensive Geography form 3 student book page 151
* High flyer KCSE Revision series 1995-2010 Geography pgs 116-121

SCHEMES OF WORK
TERM II
External land forming processes(oceans, seas and their coasts
Definitions
* Ocean
* Sea
Nature of ocean water
* Salinity
* Temperature
* Ocean life
* Topography
* Ocean pollution
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define ocean and sea
(ii) Describe the nature of ocean water
* Observing globe
* Atlases maps and photographs
* Watching video films
* Discussing nature of ocean waters
* Globe
* Atlases
* Maps
* photographs

Ocean & seas

Water movement in oceans
* Vertical
* Horizontal
Characteristics and distribution of major ocean currents
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe water movements
(ii) Describe water characteristics and distribution of major ocean currents
* Drawing maps
* Observing
* Globe and maps
* Display board
* Maps
* Globe
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:

Tides
* Definition
* Causes
Types of tides
* Neap tide
* Spring
* Neap tide
* Perigian
* Apogean
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe water movements
(ii) Describe characteristics and distribution of major ocean currents
- Drawing maps
- Sketching diagrams
- Asking and answering question
- Observing globe and maps
- Photographs
- Ocean
- Text book

Waves and process of wave erosion

- Features formed
- Cliffs
Wave cut-plat form
Caves
Blow hole
Geos
Arches
Stacks, stumps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the concept of wave formation
(ii) Explain types of waves
(iii) Explain action of waves erosion
(iv) Features formed
* Visiting the oceans
* Watching video tapes
* Diagrams
* Oceans
* Photographs
* Films
* Tapes

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Waves
Features formed by wake deposition

- Beaches
- Spits
- Sand bar
- Cuspate foreland
Mad flats & bar marshes
Dune-belts
Tombolo
Wave transportation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe waves as agent of transportation
(ii) Describe wave deposition
(iii) Explain factors leading to wave deposition
(iv) Describe features formed by deposition
* Observing features by visiting the oceans

* Drawing of sketches and diagrams
* Discussing the features
* Watching films and videos
* Photographs
* Oceans
* Films & videos
OBJECTIVES:

*
Waves
Oceans and seas

Types of coasts
Factors influencing evolution of coasts
* Submerged coasts
* Lowland
* highland
OBJECTIVES:

(i) describe sub-merged coasts
(ii) explain factors influencing evolution of coasts
* Observing the features in films and videos

* Describing and explaining sub-merged coasts
* Field work
* Sketches and diagrams

* Oceans/coast
* Photographs

Waves
Types of coasts
* Emerged coasts
* Coral coasts
* Coral reefs
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe emerging coasts
(ii) Describe coral coasts
(iii) Explain coral reefs
? fringing reefs
Barrier reefs
Visiting the coasts

Discussing the features
Sketching diagrams
Taking photographs
* Photographs
* Coasts diagrams
OBJECTIVES:

Waves
Coral Reefs
Theories Explaining origin of barriers reefs and atlases
* Darwin Daly's Murray
Significance of oceans, coasts and coastal features
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe Atolls
(ii) Explain theories explaining the origin of barriers and atolls
(iii) Explain the significance of oceans and coastal features
* Visiting the coasts

* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Text book
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:

Action of wind/water in arid areas
Definition of
* Aridity
* Desert
* Aridity
* Stony
* Rocky
Action of wind in arid areas
Wind erosion
* Abrasion
* Affliction
* Deflation
Resultant features of wind erosion
Rock pectals
Mushroom block
Zeugen
Veritifacts
Millet seed
yardages?
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Aridity and desert
(ii) Classify deserts as aridity , stony or rocky
(iii) Explain processes of wind erosion
(iv) Describe the resultant feature of wind erosion
* Discussions
* Text book
* Diagrams
* Text book
* Photographs


Action of wind/water in arid areas
Wind transportation
- suspension
- Salutation
Surface creep
Factors influencing wind transportation
* Speed and force of wind
* Nature of local obstacle
* State of the particles
Features of wind
Depositions
dunes
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe wind transportation
(ii) Explain factors influencing wind transportation
(iii) Describe features of wind deposition
Dunes
* Barchans
* Self-dunes
* Transverse
* Wake dunes
* Taking notes
* discussions
* text book
* Photographs

Action of water in Arid areas (External land forming process)

Features of wind deposition
- Drass
- Loess
Action of water in Arid areas and features formed
- Wades
- Bajada
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe
- Draas
- Loess
(ii) Explain features formed by action of water
Wadis
Bajadas
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Textbook
* Certificate Geography form 3 student copy pg 146-147,149

* K.S.C.E Golden tips Geography pg 110,112
Action of water on arid areas and resultant features

- Mesas and Buffes
- Gorges
Pediments, peneplains playas & sailing
Dry river valleys
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe the features formed by action of water on arid areas
* Watching films and video tapes
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Films
* Video tapes
* Text book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
External land forming processes ( action of wind/water in arid areas)
Significance of desert
Land forms
Positive
negative
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Discuss the significance of desert land forms to man
* Taking notes
* Discussions
* Photographs
* Test book

2
External land forming processes (action of water in limestone areas)
- Definition of limestone
- Process of surface and underground
- Definition of ground water
- Ways of water infiltration
- The water table
- Factors which affect the occurrence of underground water
- The water table
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define limestone
(ii) Define underground water
(iii) Explain ways of water infiltration
(iv) Explain factors which affect occurrence of underground
(v) Describe water table

* Oral exposition
* Drawing sketches
* Discussing
* Underground water
* Diagrams
* Text book

Action of water in Lime stone areas
Springs
Wells
Artesian basin and artesian wells
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe springs, wells and artesian basin and artesian wells
* Sketching diagram
* Discussing
* Explaining the concepts
* Diagrams
* Manila paper
* Video tapes films

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Significance of ground water

- Source of rive
- Source of water
- Agriculture settlement
- Tourist attraction
- Sources of minerals
- Karsts scenery
Factors influencing the development of karsts scenery
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain significance of ground water
(ii) Describe karsts scenery
(iii) Explain factors influencing the development of karsts scenery
* Oral exposition
Students book
Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Surface features in limestone area

Grikes and units
Swallow-holes
Dry valleys
Polines
Uvalas
Poije
Gorges
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) describe surface features in limestone area
* Sketching
* Diagrams
* Diagrams
* Photographs
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
2
Underground features
- Stalactites
- Stalagmites
Caves and caverns
Limestone pillars
Karsts window
Bridge, Gorges and Hums
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe underground features
* Diagrams
* Photographs

Significance of the resultant features in limestone areas

Revision
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
discuss significance of features formed in limestone areas

Answer questions on areas covered

* Taking notes
* Full scarps
* Text book

Soils
Definition of soils
Composition of soils
Soil forming processes
weathering
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define soil
(ii) Describe the composition of soil
(iii) Explain soil forming processes
(iv) Weathering
* Oral exposition
* Discussing concepts
* Describing the composition
* Photographs
* Student Book
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
1
OBJECTIVES:
Soils
Soil forming processes

Decomposition of organic matter
- Leaching
Factors influencing soil formation
- Nature of parent rock
- Climate
- Laying organism
- Topography of an area
- The length of time
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe soil formation through leaching and decomposition
(ii) Explaining factors influencing soil formation
* Discussions
* Displaying samples
* Text book
* Soil samples
* Photographs

Soils
Properties and characteristics of soil

- Texture
- Structure
- acidity
OBJECTIVES:

(i) describe properties and characteristics of soil
- texture
- structure
- acidity
* Displaying soil samples

* Taking notes
* Discussions
* soil samples
* photographs
* text book
OBJECTIVES:

Soils
Properties and characteristics of soil

- Soil color
- Soil porosity
- Water and air
- Temperature
- Lime content
- Permeability
- Soil depth
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe soil properties and characteristics
* Displaying soil samples

* Taking notes
OBJECTIVES:

4
Soil
Soil profile and horizon
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define soil profile
(ii) Describe different horizons of the profile
(iii) Draw different horizons
* Drawing the simple soil profile

* Discussing the different profiles
* Visiting areas with clear profiles
* Local environment
* Students book
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Soil
Soil catena
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the soil catena
(ii) Draw a simple structure of soil catena
* Drawing the simple structure
* Visiting mountain area to observe catena
* Students book
* Photographs
OBJECTIVES:
Soil
Soil degeneration
- Soil erosion
- Burning of land
- Micro-cropping
- Monoculture
- Leaching
Continuous cropping and over-cultivation
Change in PH
Other human activities
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe factors that lead to soil degeneration
* Visiting local environment

* Discussing the factors
* Observing photography
* Student book
* Photograph

3
Soil
Soil Erosion
- Causes of soil erosion
- Agents of soil erosion
- Effects of soil erosion
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain causes of soil erosion

* Discussing
* Taking photographs of areas affected
* Visiting areas with soil erosion
* Students book
* Photographs

* K.S.C.E Golden tips Geography pg
3
&
1
Soil
Soil classification
- Zonals
- Podzols
- Podzoloic
- Tundra
- Latosls
- Pedocols
- Chernozems
- Vertizols
- Nitosols
- Slerozems
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe different soils classified as zonals order

* Observing soil samples
* Identifying soil types
* Observing soil samples
* Soil samples
* Student book

Intrazonal soils order

Hydromorphic
Halmorphic
Calcimorphic
andosols
By the end of the lesson,t he learner should be able to

(i) Identify and describe intrazonal soil order

* Observing samples
* Carrying out experiments on soils
* Soil samples
* Student book

Soils
Azonal soils order

-litosols
Regosols
Effects of soil on plant growth
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Identify ozonal soils order and the uses
(ii) Discuss effects of soil on plant growth
* Collecting and observing soil samples

* Taking notes
* Soil samples
* Students book

Soils
Significance of soil
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the significance of soils
* Discussing significance of soils

* Students book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Soils
Management and conservation of soil
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Demonstrate ability to manage and conserve soil
* Describing management and conservation of soil
* Designing models
* Taking notes
* Visiting areas where soil management is carried out
* Models
* Text book

Soils
Conservation of soils
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Demonstrate ability to conserve soils
* Describing management and conservation of soils

* Designing models
* Taking notes
* Visiting areas where soil management is carried out
* Photographs
* Text book

Soils
Fieldwork (practical work)
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Sample soils in the local environment
* Sampling studies on
- properties of soil
- soil profile
Identifying types of soils
* Local environment
* Student book

Agriculture
Definition of agriculture
Factors influencing agriculture
- Climate
- Topography
- Soil
- Biotic
- Social economic

(i) Define agriculture
(ii) Discuss factors affecting agriculture
* Oral exposition
* Discussing factors affecting agriculture
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
1
OBJECTIVES:
Agriculture
Types of Agriculture
- Simple subsistence farming
- Advantages and disadvantages of simple subsistence farming
- Intensive subsistence agriculture
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain subsistence Agriculture
(ii) Explain the features of intensive formation
(iii) Explain the advantages and disadvantages
* Describing subsistence farming

* Discussing subsistence agriculture
* Oral exposition
* Taking notes
* Student book

Agriculture
Plantation farming
Characteristics
Advantages and disadvantages
Extensive mechanized Grain
Cultivation characteristics
By the end of the lesson, the learner, should be able to

(i) Explain plantation farming
(ii) Explain characteristics
(iii) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of plantation farming
(iv) Explain extensive mechanize grain cultivation and its features
* Describe characteristics
* Oral exposition
* Local environment
* Photographs
* Text book
* Display board
*

Agriculture
Plantation farming
Characteristics
Advantages and disadvantages
Extensive mechanized grain cultivation characteristics

(i) Explain plantation farming
(ii) Explain characteristic
(iii) Advantages and disadvantages of plantation farming
(iv) Explain extensive mechanized grain cultivation and its features
* Describing characteristics
* Oral Exposition
* Photographs
* Maps
* Student book

OBJECTIVES:
Agriculture
Distribution of major cash crops in Kenya

farming
By the end of the lesson the leaner should be able to

(i) Locate major cash-crops in the map of Kenya and discuss tea growing in Kenya
- Growing areas
- Conditions necessary for growing
- Cultivation processing
- Discussing factors necessary for tea growing

- Taking notes
- Visiting tea plantation
- Listening to personnel's
Tea fields
Text book
Photographs
Maps

OBJECTIVES:
Week 11
OBJECTIVES:
Tea farming
Marketing
Achievement of KTDA
Problems facing tea farming in Kenya
Significance of tea farming
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss marketing problems and significance of tea farming in Kenya
* Listening to personnel's
* Taking notes
* Drawing maps
* Photographs
* Text book
* Maps
Agriculture
Sugarcane farming
- Growing areas
- Conditions for growth
- Cultivation
- Processing
- Marketing
- Problems
- Significance
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss sugarcane farm in Kenya
* Listening to resource persons
* Visiting sugar cane factory and growing areas
* Local environment
* Photographs
* Resource persons
* Text book

Agriculture
Maize farming in Kenya

Growing areas
Conditions for growth
Harvesting
Marketing problems
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Discuss maize farming in Kenya
* Visiting maize growing areas
* Local environment
* Resource persons
* Photographs
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:


SCHEMES OF WORK
TERM III
Agriculture
Cocoa in Ghana
- Growing areas
- Cultivation
- Harvesting
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss cocoa growing in Ghana
* Observing maps
* Photographs
* Text book
* maps

Cocoa in Ghana
Marketing problems
significance
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe marketing
(ii) Explain problems and significance of cocoa in Ghana
* Observing maps
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Text book
* Maps

Agriculture
Oil palm in Nigeria

- Growing areas
- Conditions for growth favouring cultivation
- Harvesting processing
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss oil palm growing Nigeria
* Observing maps
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Maps
* Text book

Oil palm in Nigeria

Marketing
Uses
Significance
problems
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe marketing use and explain significance and problems of oil palm in
Nigeria
* Describing the marketing and use of oil palm

* Explaining the significance and problems of oil palm
* Taking notes
* Text book
* Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Agriculture
Coffee in Kenya
Growing areas
Conditions favouring growth
Processing
Marketing
Roles of Government in promoting coffee growing
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss coffee cultivation in Kenya
* Interpreting photographs
* Describing cultivation of coffee
* Oral exposition
* Oral exposition
* Photographs
* Coffee farms
* Resource persons
* Text book
* Fields

Coffee in Kenya
Problem facing coffee farmers in Kenya
Importance of coffee growing
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain problems facing coffee farmers in Kenya
(ii) Explain importance of coffee farming
* Interpreting Photographs
* Describing cultivation problems facing farmers
* Explaining importance
* Oral exposition visiting field (of coffee)
* Text book
* Resource persons
* Fields
OBJECTIVES:

Coffee in Brazil
- Future of coffee production in Brazil
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe conditions favouring coffee growing in Brazil
(ii) Discuss future of coffee production in brazil
* Explaining and discussing conditions for growth
* Taking notes
* Observing maps
* Photographs
* Text book
* Maps

OBJECTIVES:
Comparison of coffee farming in Kenya and Brazil

- Similarities
- Differences
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
compare coffee farming in Kenya and Brazil
* Class debates
* Taking notes
* discussions
* text book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
1
&
2
Agriculture
Wheat farming in Kenya

Growing areas c
Conditions favouring growth
- Cultivation
- Harvesting
- Processing
- Marketing
- Importance of wheat farming
- Problems facing wheat farming
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe cultivation of wheat
(ii) Discuss requirements for cultivation
(iii) Identify problems and solutions facing wheat industry
(iv) Outline the importance of wheat in Kenya
* Identifying places in maps
* Discussions
* Photographs
* Maps

Wheat farming in Canada

- Conditions favouring growth of wheat
- Cultivation marketing
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be

(i) Able to discuss wheat farming in Canada
* Observation of photographs
* discussions
* Photographs
* Text books

Importance of wheat farming in Canada

- Comparison between farming in Canada and Kenya
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Cultivate importance of wheat farming in Canada

(ii) Compare wheat
(iii) Farming in Canada and Kenya
* Oral exposition
* Discussions
* Class debates
* Photographs
* Text books

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Horticulture in Kenya
- Features
- Conditions for the development of the industry
- Research marketing
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) discuss horticulture under condition for development of horticultural crops

(ii) research and marketing

* taking notes
* discussions
* textbooks
* photographs
OBJECTIVES:

2
Agriculture
Horticulture
- Types of crops grown
- Vegetation
- Fruits and flowers
Problem facing horticultural farming in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the crops grown under horticulture
(ii) Explain problems facing horticulture farming in Kenya
* Taking notes
* discussions
* photographs
* text book
OBJECTIVES:

Importance of horticulture to the Kenyan economy

Horticulture in the Netherlands
- Farming areas
- Marketing practices
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain importance of horticulture to Kenyan economy

(ii) Describe horticulture farming in Netherlands

* Discussions
* Photographs
* Resource persons
* Maps
* Text book

- Importance of horticulture in Netherlands

- Comparison of horticulture in Kenya and Netherlands
- Similarities
- Differences
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain importance of horticulture in Netherlands

(ii) Compare horticulture farming in Kenya and Netherlands

* Interpreting figures on production trends
* Taking notes
* Class debates
* discussions
* student book
* map
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Agriculture
Livestock farming
Pastoral farming
Main areas
Characteristics
Problems facing pastoralist
Improvements in pastoral areas
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define pastrolism and identify types of livestock management
(ii) Explain characteristics
(iii) Discuss problems facing pastrolism and possible improvements
* Discussions
* Oral expositions
* Explanations
* Observing photographs & pastoral groups
* Local environment
* Student book

Agriculture
Dairy farming in Kenya

- Commercial dairy farming
- High land
- Lowland
Types of dairy cattle kept in Kenya
Conditions favouring dairy farming in Kenya highlands
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define commercial dairy farming

(ii) Describe types of dairy cattle Kept in Kenya
(iii) Explain conditions favouring dairy farming in Kenya Highlands
* Observing
* Photographs
* Visiting areas for breeding dairy animals
* Photographs
* Text book
* Resource persons

Milk processing and marketing problems facing dairy farming in Kenya

Steps taken by the government to improve dairy farming
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
describe milk processing and marketing

Marketing
Explain problems facing dairy farming in Kenya

* Taking notes
* Text book
* Photographs
OBJECTIVES:
Problems facing dairy farming in Denmark

Comparison of dairy farming in Denmark and Kenya
Differences
Similarities
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain problems facing dairy farming in Denmark
(ii) Compare dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark

* Taking notes
* Discussions
* Class discussions
* Text book

Beef farming in Kenya

Steps taken by the government of Kenya to improve beef farming
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain steps taken by government of Kenya to improve beef farming
* Discussions
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:
Limitations of Beef farming in Kenya

Significance of beef farming in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain limitations and significance of Beef farming in Kenya
* Observing
* Photographs
* Oral expositions
* Photographs
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:

Beef farming in Argentina

- Conditions favoring beef production in Argentina
- Organization of Beef farms
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss beef farming in Argentina
(ii) Explain how beef farms are organized
* Oral exposition
* Discussions
* Observing photographs & Maps
* Photographs
* Text book
* Maps

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Processing and marketing of beef in Argentina

Significance of Beef farming in Argentina
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe processing and marketing of beef
(ii) Explain significance of beef farming in Argentina
* Class discussion
* Taking notes
* Text book

Differences, similarities between beef farming in Kenya and Argentina
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina
* Observing
* Photographs
* Discussions
* Class debates
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Text book

Field work
Field study preparation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Adequately prepare for field work on Agriculture
* Identifying hypothesis
* Drawing tables
* Preparing for a field work
* Local environment
* Student book
* Local maps

Actual field study & Report writing compiling
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) carry our field study
* Observing
* Interviewing
* Visiting the field
* Drawing
* Findings on a chart of diagram
* Compiling reports
* Interviewing
* Visiting the fields


SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM FOUR
TERM I
Statistical methods
Age-sex Pyramid
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able o

(i) Define age-sex pyramid
(ii) Draw a simple age-sex pyramid
* Drawing age-sex pyramids

* Taking short notes on procedures of constructing the pyramid
* Student book
* Chart/manila paper
* Graph papers

* KLB secondary form four student book page 2-4
Teacher's guide pg 22-23
Statistical Methods
Age-sex pyramid
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Analyse and interpret the pyramid
(ii) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of age-sex pyramid
* Analysing and interpret pyramid

* Discussions
* Use of questions and answers
* Charts ( manila papers)

* Internet downloads
* Figures from static abstract
* Student book
* Teachers guide

* KLB secondary form four student book page 3,4
* Comprehensive Geography form 4 student book page 2-3,4
Statistical method
Dot maps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define dot maps & factors considered
(ii) Value of the dot
(iii) Size of each dot, location of each dot
(iv) Draw a simple dot map
* Drawing the dot map
* Topographical mps
* Charts
* Felt pens
* Student book
* Hypothetical population figures

* Comprehensive Geography form 4 student book page 2-4-6
Statistical method
Dot maps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Analyse and interpret dot maps
(ii) Explain the advantages and disadvantage of dot maps
* Discussion
* Question and answers
* Observing and interpreting dot maps
* Taking assignments
* Charts (manila paper
* Black board
* Student's book
* Teacher's guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Statistical method
Chloroplett maps
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define chloroplett map
(ii) Draw a chloroplett map
* Drawing chloroplett maps

* Describing construction of chloroplett map
* discussion
* statistical abstracts
* manila paper and felt pens
* student book
2
Statistical Methods
Chloroplett maps
By the end of the lesson, the lesson, the learner should be able to
(i) Interpret and analyse the chloplette map
* Discussion
* Questions and answers
* Internet down loads

* Statistical abstract
* Charts student book

* KLB secondary form four student book page 10
Statistical methods
Chloroplett Maps
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain advantages and disadvantages of chloroplett map
* Discussions
* Observation of the charts
* Internet downloads
* Student book

4
Land Reclamation and rehabilitation
Methods of land reclamation
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss and review the last topic
(ii) Define the term land reclamation and rehabilitation
(iii) Give various methods of land reclamation and rehabilitation
(i) Drainage of swamps, tsetse fly control
(ii) Afforestation
* Teacher asking questions

* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Teacher give examples
* Photographs
* Student book
* Teacher's guide

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
Land reclamation & rehabilitation
Mwea Tabere irrigation scheme
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain factors that influence the location of Mwea Tebere irrigation schemes
- Perennial rivers
- Black cotton soils
- Rain-fed agriculture
- Gentle sloping land
- Sparse population
- Loamy soils
- Presence of detainees
- Teachers explaining Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme

- Teacher discussing factor influencing its location
* Photographs
* Sketch maps
* Student books
OBJECTIVES:

Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme

- Organization of the scheme cultivation
OBJECTIVES:

- Discuss the organization of mwea Tabere irrigation scheme
- Explain the cultivation in the scheme
- Discussion
- Taking notes
* Photographs
* Data from national irrigation Board
* Resource person
* Students book

Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme

- Benefits of the scheme
- Problems in the scheme
- Increased food production
- Settlement control floods
- Diversification of production, economic development
Problems
- Disease & pest weeds
- Finances
- Poor roads
- Shortage of labour
- Inadequate water
- Factors leading to success

(i) Explain the benefits of the scheme
(ii) Discuss problems in the scheme
(iii) Give factors that led to the success of the scheme & future plans
* Discussion
* Taking notes
* Drawing sketch map
* Resource persons
* Field work
OBJECTIVES:

Pekerra irrigation scheme

- Description of the scheme
- Factors influencing the scheme
Organization & management
- Control flood utilize excess water in pekerra
- Flat uncultivated land
- Fertile loamy
- Dry conditions
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the location of the scheme
(ii) Explain factors influencing its location
(iii) Discuss its organization & management
- Discussions
- Taking notes
- Questions and answers
- Sketching maps
* Resource persons
* Fieldwork
* Photographs
* Student book
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Perkerra irrigation scheme

- Benefits
- Settlement
- Income generation
- Development of infrastructure
Problems
- Remote area
- Inadequate water
- Sparse population
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the benefits of the scheme
(ii) Problems facing the scheme & possible solutions & future plans
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Questions & answers
* Drawing of sketch map
* Resource persons
* Field Photographs
* student book
OBJECTIVES:

Significance of irrigation farming in Kenya and problems facing irrigation farming

- Improved farming standard
- Settlement
- Rehabilitation & development of the areas
- Employment
Problems
- Weed
- Disease/pests
- Silting
- Fluctuating prices
- Increased salinity
- Fluctuating volume of water
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the significance of irrigation farming in Kenya
(ii) Discuss problems facing irrigation farming in Kenya
* Discussions
* Tote taking
* Charts
* Manila paper
* Students book


Methods of land reclamation & rehabilitation in Kenya
Irrigation
- Water
- Silting
- Flood
Sprinkler
- Trickle
- Canals
- Drip
Drainage of swamps
- Importance
- Open ditches
- Drain pipes
- dykes
OBJECTIVES:

(i) explain irrigation and drainage of swamps as a method of land reclamation
(ii) give importance of drainage of swamps
* discussions
* note taking
* questions and answers
* Photographs
* Student book

Methods of land reclamation & rehabilitation

- Control of pests
- Refilling of quarrels & eroded landscape
- Afforestation & reforestation
- Planting of drought resistant crops
- Agro forestry
- Control of floods
- Controlled grazing
- Mulching
- Manu ring
- Bush fullowing
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain various methods of land reclamation & rehabilitation
* Discussions
* Note taking
* Photographs
* Text books

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Land reclamation and Rehabilitation
Case study
Tsetse fly in Lambwe valley
- Benefits
- Control measures
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain tsetse fly control in Lambwe valley
(ii) Explain the benefits of the project
* Discussions
* Note taking
* Student book
* Photographs
Land reclamation and rehabilitation
Land reclamation in Netherlands Zyder Zee project
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain land reclamation in Netherlands
(ii) Reclamation methods
(iii) Discuss the Zyder zee project
(iv) Explain the benefits of Zuyder Zee project
(v) Factors favoring farming
(vi) Activities in poiderland in Netherlands
* Discussions
* Notes taking
* Sketching of maps
* Photographs
* Sketch maps
* Student note books

Land reclamation and rehabilitation
The Delta plan project

- Benefits
- Comparisons
Other land reclamation methods in Netherlands
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain
- Delta plain project
- Benefits of the project
- Other reclamation methods in Netherlands
* Discussions
* Note-taking
* photographs


Comparison between land reclamation in Kenya and Netherlands
- Similarities
- differences
OBJECTIVES:

(i) give a comparison between land reclamation in Kenya and Netherlands
* discussions
* Questions and answer
- Photographs

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Fishing
Definition of
- Fishing
- Fisheries
- Fish farming
Factors influencing fishing
- Planktons
- Ocean current
- Nature of coastline
- Capital
- Technology
- Market
- Transport
- Cool waters
- Fishing culture
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define the terms fishing, fisheries and fish farming
(ii) Explain factors influencing fishing
* Discussions
* Note taking
* Drawing diagrams of ocean currents
* Sketch mapping
* Photographs
* Field work
* Resource persons
* Sketch maps

Fishing
Distribution of fishing grounds of the world

- The Atlantic fishing grounds
- Pacific
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss various fishing grounds in Atlantic & pacific oceans
* Sketching maps
* Note taking
* discussions
* Photographs
* Sketch maps
* Globe
* atlas

Fishing
Fishing grounds in Africa

- Marine fisheries
- Inland fisheries
Types of fishing
- Crustacean
- Pelagic
- Dermersal
- Inshore
- Fresh water
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the Various fishing ground in Africa
(ii) Explain different types of fishing
* Note taking
* Discussions
* Asking questions
* Photographs
* Atlases

Fishing
Methods of fishing
- Drifting
- Trawling
- Seining
- Line fishing
- Harpocturing
- Herb
- Barners
- Lampara
- Guli nets
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the various fishing methods
* Discussions
* Note taking
* Drawing sketches
* Photographs
* Manila paper
* Felt pens
OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
OBJECTIVES:
Fishing
Fresh water and marine fisheries in east Astica Kenya

- L. Victoria
- L. turkana
- L.Naivasha
Tanzania
- L. Victoria
- L. Tanganyika
- L. Rukwa
Uganda
- Victoria
- Kyoga
- Albert
- Edward & George
Marine Fisheries in Africa
- Indian ocean
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss various Fresh & marine Fisheries in East Africa
* Discussions
* Note-taking
* Photographs
* Sketch maps
* atlas

2
Fishing
Fish farming in Kenya

- Significance of fishing industry in Kenya
- Problems facing fishing in Kenya and solutions
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discus fish farming in Kenya
(ii) Explain significance of fishing industry in Kenya
(iii) Discuss problems facing fishing in Kenya
(iv) Give solutions to the problems
- Discussions
- Note taking
* Photographs
* KLB secondary form four student book page 47,52,53-56

Fishing
Fishing in Japan
- Factors that make Japan a leading fishing nation
- Problems facing fishing in Japan
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe fishing in Japan
(ii) Explain factors contributing to success of Japanese fishing industry
(iii) Explain problems facing fishing in Japan
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Sketching maps
* Globe
* Atlas
* Photographs

Fishing
Fishing in Japan & Kenya

- Similarities
- Differences
Management and conservation of fresh water and marine water
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) compare and contrast fishing activities in Kenya and Japan
* Discussions
* Class debating
* Test and quiz
* Photographs
* Students book
* Download from the internet
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Wildlife
Definition of wildlife
Factors influencing distribution of wildlife in East Africa
- Water
- Vegetation
- Climate
- Soils
- Human activities
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define wildlife
(ii) Identify factors influencing wildlife distribution
* Discussions
* Making & taking notes
* Oral exposition
(Fieldwork )
* Photographs
* Maps
* Student book

Wildlife
Distinction between game reserve

National parks & sanctuaries
Major national parks, game reserves and sanctuaries in East Africa
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Distinguish between game reserves, national parks & sanctuaries
(ii) Draw and locate different game reserves, national parks and sanctuaries on
east Africa countries. map
* Sketching of maps
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Students book
* Field work
* Resource persons
* Certificate Geography form 4 student copy pg 63,64

Wildlife
Significance of wildlife
- Foreign exchange
- Employment
- Provision of food
- Scientific study
- Medicinal value
- Hotel industry
- Raw material for industry
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Discuss significance of wildlife
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Student book
* Fieldwork
* Resource persons
OBJECTIVES:

Wildlife
Problems facing wildlife in East Africa

- Poaching
- Human encroachment
- Insecurity
- Overpopulation
- Pollution
- Drought
- Roads & tracks
- Bush fires
- Human animal
- Conflict
- Pest & diseases
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain the problems facing wildlife in East Africa
* Taking notes
* Discussions
* Field work
* Photographs
* Films
* Students book
* Journals
* Video cassettes
* Newspapers
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Wildlife and tourism
Management and conservation of wildlife

OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain how wildlife can be conserved and managed
(ii) Define tourism
- Domestic
- Ecotourism
- Mass tourism
- International tourism
(iii) Explain reasons for encouraging domestic tourism
- Taking notes
- Discussions
* Field work
* Photographs
* Films
* Resource persons
* Journals & magazines

Tourism
Factors influencing tourism

- Physical
- Human
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss factors influencing tourism
* Taking notes
* Discussions
* Resource persons
* Films
* Magazines
* newspapers
OBJECTIVES:
Tourism
Tourist Attraction in Kenya
- Wildlife
- Beautiful scenery
- Historic & prehistoric sites
- Warm climate
- Sundry beach
- Cultural activities
- Games & sports
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the various tourist Attractions in Kenya
(ii) Give examples in Kenya
(iii) Locate tourist attraction sports in Kenya
* Discussions
* Field work
* Films
* Photographs
* Maps
* Student note book
* Atlases
* Charts
* newspapers

Tourism
Significance of tourism
- Foreign exchange
- Revenue
- Employment
- Infrastructure understanding & patriotism
Problems facing and associated with tourism in Kenya
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain significance of tourism in Kenya
(ii) Explain problems facing tourism in Kenya

* Discussions
* Watching films & videos
* Maps
* Photographs
* Students book
* Films
* Journals
* Newspaper

* High flyer series KCSE & Revision Geog 1995-2010 pg 158
OBJECTIVES:
Week 10
OBJECTIVES:
Tourism
Future of tourism in Kenya

Tourism in Switzerland
- Beautiful scenery
- Climate infrastructure
- Neutrality
- Language diversity
- Central location
- Accommodation facilities
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the future of tourism in Kenya
(ii) Explain tourism in Switzerland
(iii) Explain factors influencing tourism in Switzerland
* Discussions
* Reading newspapers of journals
* Maps
* Photographs
* Journals
* Films
* newspapers

* KLB secondary form four student book page 82,84-85
Tourism
Significance of tourism in Switzerland

Future of tourism in Switzerland
Comparison of tourism in Kenya and Switzerland
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain significance of tourism in Switzerland
(ii) Discuss future of tourism in Switzerland
(iii) State the differences and similarities between tourism in Switzerland and
Kenya
* Watching films and videos

* Reading journals
* Magazines & newspapers
* Discussions
* Videos
* Films
* Journals
* Newspapers
* Photographs

3
Test
Testing the student understanding on wildlife & tourism
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Answer simple question on wildlife/Tourism
* Full scalps
* Pens
* Question papers
* High flyer series KCSE

* Revision Geography 1995-2010 pg 159
4
&
1
Energy
Definition
Types and sources of Energy
- Renewable
- Non-renewable
- Petroleum
Coal
Peat
Nuclear
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define energy
(ii) Describe non-renewable & renewable sources of energy
- Solar
- Wind
- Wave
- Hydropower
- Geothermal
- Biogas
- Charcoal
Fuel, animals
(iii) Identify the source of energy
* Discussions
* Student name of energy
* Observe photographs and pictures
* Note taking
* Photographs
* Films & videos
* charts
OBJECTIVES:

* Highflyer series Revision text 1995-2010 pg 160-163
Energy
Hydro-electric power stations in Kenya and Uganda

- Tana owen falls dam (Africa)
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe HEP power stations in Kenya & Uganda (Africa
(ii) (state examples in Kenya & Uganda Africa
(iii) Compare HEP production in Kenya and Uganda
* Discussions
* Observing photographs & pictures
* Note taking
* Photographs
* Pictures
* Charts
* Atlas
* Wall map

OBJECTIVES:
3
Energy
Geothermal power project in Kenya

Significance of energy
- Industrial use
- Transport sector
- Domestic use
- Agriculture sector
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss geothermal power project in Kenya
(ii) Explain the significance of energy
* Photograph observation
* Discussions
* Taking Photographs
* Photographs
* Films
* Videos
* Field work
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Energy
Energy crisis
Effects of energy crisis in the world
Management and conservation of energy
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define energy crisis
(ii) Explain impacts of energy crisis in the world
(iii) Describe how energy can be conserved
* Discussions
* Class debated
* Taking notes
* Student book
* Photographs

12
Revision
Revision on topics covered and taking end of term exam
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Answer questions on topics covered
* Answering questions in the revision text

* Taking end term exam
* Full scalps
* Pens
* Questions papers
* Highflyer series revision text 1995-2010 pg 164-166

SCHEMES OF WORK
GEOGRAPHY FORM FOUR
TERM II
Industry
Definition of
- Industry
- Industrialization
Factors influencing location of industry & development
- Capital man-power market
- Raw material
- Transport & communication
- Electricity
- Water
- Government policy
- Cost of land
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define terms
- Industry
- Industrialization
(ii) Explain the factors influencing location and development of industry
(iii) State examples of industries
* Discussion
* Field visits
* Pictures and photographs

* Text book
* diagrams

2
&
3
Industry
Types of industry
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Distribution of industries in Kenya
Extractive
Food processing
Agricultural non-food
Non-agricultural manufacturing industries
Cottage industry
Service industry

(i) Describe types of industries
(ii) Account for the distribution of industries in Kenya
(iii) State examples in Kenya
* Discussions
* Field visits
* Observing films videos & slides
* Photographs
* Films
* Videos
* Slides
OBJECTIVES:

Industry
Jua Kali industries

Importance of jua kali industries
Significance of industrialization in Kenya
- Negative
- Positive
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe jua-kali industries
(ii) Explain the significance of industrialization in Kenya
(iii) Explain importance of jua-kali industries (sector)
- Discussions
- Making and taking notes
- Taking photographs
* Photographs
* Films
* Text books

OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
OBJECTIVES:
Industry
Problems of industrialization and their possible solutions

- Pollution
- Neglect of Agriculture
- Unemployment
- Displacement of people
- Rural-urban migration
- Depletion of resources
- Repatriation of profits
- Inadequate capital
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the problems of industrialization and their solutions
* Discussions
* Observing videos and films
* Videos
* Films
* Text book

Industry
Cottage industry in India

- Characteristics
- Problems
- Benefits
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe cottage industry in India
(ii) Give characteristics of cottage industry in India
(iii) State benefits of cottage industry in India
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Text book
* atlas and maps
* Photographs
* diagrams

Industry
Iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany
- Factors favouring development
- Problems
- significance
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) describe iron & steel industry un Ruhr

(ii) state factors favouring the development
(iii) explain the problems faced
(iv) explain the significance
* discussions
* taking notes
* reading journals & newspapers
* text book
* atlas & maps
* Photographs
* Journals

4
&
1
Industry
Car manufacturing and electronics in Japan

- Factors that have contributed to development
- - historical
- Capital
- Man-power
- Landscape
- Water
- Technology
- Low prices
Car manufacturing & electronics regions in Japan
- Tokyo
- Lakohama
- Osaka-kobe
- Nagoya
Significance
- Foreign exchange
- Employment
- Towns
- Transport network
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe care manufacturing in Japan
(ii) Explain factors that have contributed to it's development
(iii) State areas that car-manufacturing & electronics takes place
(iv) Explain significance of car manufacturing & electronics in Japan
OBJECTIVES:
* Taking notes
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Journals
* Photographs
* Text book
* Talas & maps
* Text book
* diagrams
OBJECTIVES:
Transport & communication
Definition
- Transport
- Communication
Modes of transport in Africa
- Road
- Railway
- water
OBJECTIVES:

(i) define transport, communication
(ii) explain the modes of transport
(iii) state advantages and disadvantages of each
* Discussions
OBJECTIVES:
* Photographs
* Text books
* Diagrams
* Maps & atlas
* Field study
* Certificate Geography form 4 student copy pg 138,140-144

3
Transport
- Pipelines
- Air
- Lifts and escalators
- Human and animal
- containerization
OBJECTIVES:

(i) ecplain the modes of transport
(ii) give advantages and disadvantages of each
* discussions
* taking photographs
* observing maps & atlas
* Photographs
* Maps
* Atlases
OBJECTIVES:
* Certificate Geography form 4 student copy pg 139-140-144-146,152-154

4
&
1
Communication
Means of communication
- Oral
- Face to face
- Telephone
- Radio call
- Radio
- Television
Written
- Newspapers & magazines
- Postal and courier services
- Internet facsimile
- Telegrams
- Letter
- Telex
Audio-visual
- Videos
- Films
- Posters
- Charts & diagrams
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe various means of communication
(ii) Stating the advantages
(iii) State examples
* Discussions
* Observing magazine
* Newspaper phone
* letters
* videos
* charts
* phones
* radio
* letter
* posters
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Communication
Distribution of major lines of transport in Africa

- Roads
- Railways
- Airlines
- Water ways
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Sketch distribution of lines in map
* Observing maps and atlases
* Asking and answering
* Atlases
* Maps
* Text book

Transport & communication
The role of transport and communication the economic development of Africa

- Trade
- Employment opportunity
- Tourism
- Information
- Revenue
- Industrialization
- Mobility of labour settlement
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the role of transport & communication in development of Africa

* Taking notes
* Text book
* Resource person

Transport and communication

Problems facing transport and communication
- Harsh environment
- Non-navigable river
- Civil wars
- Inadequate communication facilities
- Different railway & road system
- Capital
- Technology
- Laws
- Language barriers
- security
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain problems facing transport and communication in Africa
(ii) Give possible solutions to the problems
(iii) Facing transport & communication

* Taking notes
* Text books
* Resource persons

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Transport and communication
Great lakes and the st Lawrence seaway

Project as multipurpose
Different developments
Roles played
OBJECTIVES:

* Discuss the great lakes and St. Lawrence seaway
* Explain the roles played by Great lakes & st. Lawrence seaway in economies of
U.S,A and Canada
OBJECTIVES:
* Discussions
* Note taking
* Diagrams
* Text book
* Globe
* Atlas & maps

Trade
Definition of trade
Barter trade
Types of trade
- Internal
- External
Factors influencing trade
- Capital goods
- Security
- Market transport
- technology
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) define the term trade, barter trade

(ii) describe types of trade
(iii) explain different factors influencing trade
* discussions
* note taking
* listening to resource persons
* textbook
* resource persons

3
&
4
Trade
Kenya's exports and imports

Significance of trade
Problems facing trade in Kenya
- Industrial growth
- Earns foreign exchange
- Source of revenue
- Infrastructure
- Employment opportunities
Problems
- Nature of export and imports
- Political strife
- Corruption
- High dependence on imports
- Smuggling
- insecurity
OBJECTIVES:

(i) explain the significance of trade
(ii) explain the problems facing trade in Kenya
* discussions
* note taking
* listening to resource persons
* observing charts
* field visit to an open air market
* retail shops
* observing figures data
* text book
* resource persons
* charts
* field study
* statistical abstract

OBJECTIVES:
Week 6
OBJECTIVES:
Trade
Future of international trade in Kenya

Common custom unions
Removal trade barriers
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain future
(ii) Membership to regional
(iii) Trading blocks
(iv) External investments
(v) Infrastructure
(vi) Bilateral
(vii) Trade agreement
(viii) Export promotion
Note taking
* Resource persons
* textbook

Trade
Regional trading blocks

- COMESA
- Aims and objectives
- Achievements
- Benefits
- problems
OBJECTIVES:
(i) define trading blocks
(ii) discuss COMESA
(iii) state aims and objectives of COMESA
(iv) explain it's achievements
(v) benefits and problems
- discussions
- asking and answering questions
- group discussions
- taking notes
- sketching maps
* text book
* atlas
* globe

Trade
SADC
- Roles
- Membership
ECOWAS
- Objectives
- roles
OBJECTIVES:

(i) discuss SADC & ECOWAS
(ii) stat the able activities of ECOWAS
(iii) Explain the roles of SADC and ECOWAS to member state
- Teacher explaining the SADC & ECOWAS

- Taking notes
- Sketching maps
* Text book
* Atlas
* globe
OBJECTIVES:

* Comprehensive Geography form 4 student book page204-207
Trade
European Union (EU)

Benefits of Regional trading blocks
Problems facing trading problems
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the European Union
(ii) Explain general benefits of Regional trading blocs
(iii) Explain problems stating trading blocs
OBJECTIVES:

* Taking notes
* Teacher explaining the European union trading bloc
* Text book
* Globe
* Atlas (maps)

OBJECTIVES:
Week 7
1
&
2
Test
Revision Questions
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Answer questions
(ii)
* Fullscaps
* pens
OBJECTIVES:

* Highflyer series geography revision 1995-2010 pg 182-183
3
&
4
Population
Definition
Factors influencing population in East Africa (Physical factors
Political
Historical
Economic
Social
Government Policy
Infrastructure
security
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define
- Population
- Demography
- Population density
- Explain factors influencing
- Distribution of population in East Africa
* Discussions
* Taking notes
* Studying population
* Sensus data
OBJECTIVES:
* Text book
* Statistical data

OBJECTIVES:
Week 8
OBJECTIVES:
Population
Factors influencing population growth

- Fertility
- mortality
OBJECTIVES:

(i) explain how fertility and mortality and the way they influence population
growth
* explaining the terms mortality and fertility

* making and taking notes
* observing statistical data
* collections
* analyzing journals
* text book
* statistical data
* journals
OBJECTIVES:

2
Population
Migration
- Causes of migration
- Types
- Effects
- Pressure on land
- Employment opportunities
- Warfare
- Calamities
- Government policies
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define migration

(ii) Explain causes of migration
(iii) Explain the impacts of migration on population
* Taking notes
* Studying statistical data on census
* Teacher explaining migration
* Text book
* Wall charts
* Journals
* Population
* Census data

Population
Population Growth
CBR
CDR
Demographic Trends
Factors leading to slow population growth rate
- Warfare
- Epidemics
- Famine
- Family planning practices
- Late marriages
- Emigration
- Natural calamities
- Social cultural factors
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define the terms

- Crude Birth Rate
- Crude Death Rate
(ii) Discuss the demographic trends
(iii) Explain factors leading to slow population Growth

* Taking notes
* Observing charts
* Text book
* charts

Population
Population structure
- Consequences of population growth and structure
- GDP
- Resources
- Sodial facilities
- Food production
- Dependency and employment
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define population structure
(ii) Explain consequences of population

* Taking notes
* Analyzing census population data
* Download from internet
* Statistical data
* Text book
* Journals
* newpapers

OBJECTIVES:
Week 9
OBJECTIVES:
Population
Problems of slow population Growth

- Number of people
- Labour force
- Market
Expensive supply of resources
Little revenue
Limited investment
differences

(i) Explain problems of slow population growth
* And answering questions

* Taking notes
* Analyzing census
OBJECTIVES:
* Statistical data
* Text book
* Journals
* newpapers
OBJECTIVES:

Population
Population in Kenya and Sweden

Population growth in Kenya
Factors influencing Kenya
Rapid population growth
- Cultural beliefs
- Health service
- Increased food production
- Improved standards of living
- religion
OBJECTIVES:

(i) compare the population growth in Kenya and Sweden
(ii) explain factors influencing rapid population growth
* asking questions
* taking notes
* reading newspapers
* analyzing maps and atlases
* text book
* Journals
* newspaper

Population
Population growth in Sweden

Factors
- Slow population growth
- Factors influencing the distribution of population
- - mountains
- Climate
- Drainage
- Forests
- Mining centers
- urbanization
OBJECTIVES:

(i) explain factors that lead to slow population growth
(ii) explain factors influencing population distribution in Sweden
* statistical data on population analyzing

* taking notes
* analyzing maps and atlas
* download from internet on population

* text book
* journals
* atlas
* maps

Population
Comparison between population in Kenya and Sweden

- Similarities
- differences
OBJECTIVES:

(i) compare population trends in Kenya and Sweden
* downloading population census data

* taking notes
* statistical data
* journals

MOCK EXAMINATIONS MODELLED)

KCSE TIME TABLE
Settlement
Definition of settlement
- Types of settlement
- Rural
- Urban
Factors influencing location of settlement and patterns of settlement
- Geographical
- Economic defense
- Government
- Historical factors
- Cultural practices
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Define the terms settlement

(ii) Explain factors influencing location of settlement
- Watching films, videos and slides

- Drawing sketches
- Interpreting photographs
* Resource persons
* The field films
* Videos
* Slides
* sketches

Settlement
Settlement patterns
- Nucleated
- Dispersed linear
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe different settlement patterns
* Interpreting photograph
OBJECTIVES:
* Text book
* Photograph

Settlement
Distribution of major urban centers in East Africa

- Transport
- Capital towns
- Cities
- Sea ports
- Lake ports
- Mining towns
- Industrial towns
- Agriculture,
- Administration
- Tourism
- Government Policy
- population
OBJECTIVES:

(i) explain the factors influencing growth of urban centres

* taking notes
* maps & atlases
* observations
* text books
* maps & atlases
OBJECTIVES:

Settlement
Factors influencing the growth of major urban centres in East Africa

- Rural to urban migration
- Natural growth of urban population
- Infrastructure
- Industrialization
- Mining
- Tourism
- Agriculture
- Administration
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) explain the factors influencing the growth of urban centres

* Taking notes
* Maps & atlases
* observation
* maps
* field
* atlas
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
Week 2
1
&
2
Settlement
Growth and functions of selected towns in Kenya

- Thika
- Kisumu
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Discuss the functions of Thika & Kisumu
* Atlases ? observation
* Maps
* Taking notes
* Field ?work
* Sketching maps
* Reading newspapers
* journals
* atlases
* maps
* field
OBJECTIVES:

Settlement
Eldoret
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Discuss the functions

(ii) Factors which led to development
* Observing the maps

* Sketching maps
* Taking notes
* Oral exposition
* Maps
* Students book
* Text book

4
Settlement
Nairobi City
- Factors influencing growth
- Problems affecting Nairobi city
- functions
-

(i) Discuss the functions
(ii) Factors which led to development
* Observing the maps

* Taking notes
* Oral expositions
* Maps
* Student book
* Text book

OBJECTIVES:
Week 3
OBJECTIVES:
Settlement
New-York City
- Origin
- Factors that led to the growth
- functions
OBJECTIVES:

(i) describe the new-york city
(ii) explain functions of new-york city

* taking notes
* sketching maps
* reading journals
* text book
* journals
* maps
* photographs

Settlement
- New-York City
- Problems facing New York city
- Comparison between Nairobi and New-York city
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Explain problems facing New-York city

(ii) Compare Nairobi City and New-York city

* Taking notes
* Sketching maps
* Reading journals
* Text book
* Maps
* Photographs
Settlement
Related studies between Mombasa & Rotterdam
Mombasa port
Factors influencing the growth of Mombasa
- Deep well sheltered harbor
- Modern port equipment
- Large hinder land tourist & cultural centre
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the port of Mombasa
(ii) Explain factors influencing it's growth

* Taking notes
* Observing Photographs
* Oral expositions
* Sketching diagrams (maps?)
* Resource persons
* Field photographs
* Text book
* Diagrams (maps)
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Settlement
Rotterdam
- Origin
- Factors leading to development
- Functions
- Comparison between Mombasa and Rotterdam ports
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) describe Rotterdam

(ii) explain factors leading to it's development
(iii) explain its functions
(iv) Compare Mombasa Port and Rotterdam
* Observing Photographs
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Diagrams
* textbook
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 4
OBJECTIVES:
Settlement
Effects of urbanizations
- Congestion
- Unemployment pressure on Social Amenities
- Environment on degradation
- Increased crime
- Breakdown of family units
- Lack of housing
- Urban sprawls
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain the effects of urbanizations
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:

Management and conservation of the environment
Definitions
- Environment
- Management conservation
- Need for environmental conservation and management
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define environment management conservation
(ii) Explain the need for environmental conservation & management
* Refer from text book

* Taking notes
* Visiting fields & farms
* Photographs
* Text book
* Field
* Farms
OBJECTIVES:

Management and conservation of the Environment
Environment
Hazards
- Tropical cyclones
- Earth quakes
- Drought
- Pest and diseases
- Windstorms
- Volcanic eruption
- Toxic gases
- Fins
- Oil spills
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Define hazard
(ii) Explain different environmental hazards
* Visiting flood
* Prone areas
* Discussions
* Photographs
* Text book
* field

Impacts of selected hazards & measures of combating

Flood
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe floods
(ii) Explain measures of combating floods
* Visiting flood
* Prone areas
* discussions
* Photograph
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES:
Week 5
OBJECTIVES:
Lighting
Windstorm
Pests and diseases
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:
(i) Describe hazards

(ii) Explain measures combating lighting
Discussions
Taking notes
Observing photographs
* Photograph
* Text book

2
&
3
Pollution
- Water
- Soil
- Noise
Measures of combating polluting
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Describe the pollution
- Water
- Soil
- Air
- Noise
(ii) Explain measure of combating pollution
* Taking notes
* Photographs
* Text book
OBJECTIVES:

Environment management and conservation in Kenya

- Legislation
- Education
- Research
- Rehabilitation of derelict land
OBJECTIVES:

(i) Explain environmental management and conservation

* Taking notes
* Text book

WEEK 6-13 REVISION AND TAKING OF NATIONAL EXAMS

207

LESSON PLANS-Geography Form I - IV

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

LESSON PLANS-Geography Form I - IV

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

GEOGRAPHY FORM ONE TERM I

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Defining the terms Geography and environment

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Naming branches of Geography

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Importance of studying Geography

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Explain the importance of studying Geography

* Explaining the importance of Geography

Relationship between, Geography and other disciplines

(i) Identify the relationship between geography and other disciplines

* Identifying and explaining the relationship between geography and other

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Composition of the solar system

(i) Define solar system

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and solar system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Oral expositions (explanation)

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and Solar system

Rotation and revolution of the earth

(i) Explain how the earth rotates round its axis

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and solar system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and solar system

Internal structure of the earth (earth's crust)

(i) Describe the structure if the earth

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and solar system

The core (bar sphere)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Drawing diagrams and sketching

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and solar system

External structure of the earth (hydro-sphere)

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Earth and solar system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

* Explaining (oral explanation)

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

(i) Define the term weather

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

(i) State the elements of weather

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Factors influencing temperatures in the surface of the earth

By the end of the day, the learner should be able to:

* Making and taking notes

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

Factors influencing weather

By the end of the lesson, the earner should be able to

* Explaining (oral expositions)

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

* Distribution of pressure system

(i) Detail the distribution of pressure system

By the end of the lesson ,the learner should be able to:

* Comprehensive Secondary Geography

* Mountain and valley winds

(i) Explain how valley winds originate and move