Introduction

“Global warming” refers to the long-term warming of the planet

The rise in earth’s surface temperature as a consequence of greenhouse effect is called Global Warming.
The greenhouse gases such as carbon-dioxide and other pollutants absorbs more heat from the sun then it radiates back. This causes an
increase in the intensity of heat in atmosphere. The thickening of earth atmosphere because of presence of increased carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases is called greenhouse effect.
Causes of Global Warming
Global warming is a serious issue and is not a single issue but a number of environmental issues. Global warming is a rise in the
surface temperature of the earth that has changed various life forms on the earth. The issues that cause global warming are divided into
two categories include "natural" and "human influences" of global warming.
Natural Causes of Global Warming
 The climate has continuously changing for centuries. The global warming happens because the natural rotation of the sun that
changes the intensity of sunlight and moving closer to the earth.
 Another cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide it trap the
solar heats rays and prevent it from escaping from the surface of the earth. This has cause the temperature of the earth increase.
 Volcanic eruptions are another issue that causes global warming. For instance, a single volcanic eruption will release amount of
carbon dioxide and ash to the atmosphere. Once carbon dioxide increase, the temperature of earth increase and greenhouse trap
the solar radiations in the earth.
 Finally, methane is another issue that causes global warming. Methane is also a greenhouse gas. Methane is more effective in
trapping heat in the atmosphere that carbon dioxide by 20 times. Usually methane gas can release from many areas. For instance,
it can be from cattle, landfill, natural gas, petroleum systems, coal mining, mobile explosion, or industrial waste process.
Human Influences on Global Warming
 Human influence has been a very serious issue now because human do not take care the earth. Human that cause global warming
are more than natural causes global warming. The earth has been changing for many years until now it is still changing because of
modern lifestyle of human. Human activities include industrial production, burning fossil fuel, mining, cattle rearing or
deforestation.
 First issue is industrial revolution. Industrial have been using fossil fuels for power machines. Everything that we use is
involved in fossil fuel. For example, when we buy a mobile phone, the process of making mobile phone have involve machines
and machines uses fossil fuels, during the process carbon dioxide is releasing to the atmosphere. Besides industrial, transportation
such as cars is also releasing carbon dioxide from exhaust.
 Another issue is mining. During the process of mining, the methane will trap below the earth. Besides, rearing cattle will also
cause methane because cattle released the form of manure. However, cattle is important because it make the latter equally
responsible for the occurrence of global warming
 Next is the most common issue that is deforestation. Deforestation is a human influence because human have been cutting down
trees to produce papers, wood, build houses or more. If human continuing deforestation, carbon dioxide will concentrate in the
atmosphere because trees can absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere. Besides, human also release carbon dioxide when breathe.
Therefore the amounts of millions of people breath have release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. If human continue
deforestation, human breathing that release carbon dioxide will stay at the atmosphere.
The Effect of Global Warming
 The greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for many years since hundreds years ago. However, the effect that global
warming will cause on earth are extremely serious. There are many effects that will happen in the future if global warming
continues. That includes polar ice caps melting, economic consequences, warmer waters and more hurricanes, spread of diseases
and earthquake
 First effect is climate change: Global warming is causing climate change. The world’s is becoming warmer and warmer. There is
also prediction of regional climate changes along the ecosystem.
 Another effect is the polar ice caps melting. As the temperature increase, the ice at the North Pole will melt. Once the ice melt
the first effect will be raise on sea levels because the melting glaciers become oceans. According to the National Snow and Ice
Data Center "if the ice melted today the seas would rise about 230 feet". It affects many low lying areas. In future, the low lying
areas will be cover by water once the North Pole is melted. However, it is not going to happen so fast but the sea level will
continue rise.
 Another effect is the species loss of habitat. Species that include polar bears and tropical frogs will be extinct due to climate
change. Besides, various birds will migrate to other places because animals are not like humans. They cannot adapt the habitat
that changes their living or temperature.
 Next effect is more hurricanes will occur and economic consequences still affect as well. Hurricane causes damage to houses and
government need to spend billions of dollars in damage and people need places to stay or have been killed. Once a disaster
happens many people have died and diseases happen. Diseases are more serious because it can spread to other people very fast
and more people will get the disease and the disease maybe come more serious because of different weather.
 Next effect is water balance: Although changes in sea-level have received much publicity, problems of water availability are
likely to be more serious and perhaps more expensive to solve. In future, warmer world will face water crisis in some parts while
in other regions it will be wetter than it is now.
 There is uncertainty regarding regional forecasts of future precipitation as warming of globe makes it difficult to predict. Also,
pattern of agricultural changes, or effects on ecosystems in general are fairly unpredictable.
 Next effect is human health: The human health is put at risk because of Global warming. In recent years, there have been newer
reports of spread of major tropical diseases with changing climate. As the earth becomes warmer, more and more people are
likely to be affected by tropical diseases.
Solution to Stop Global Warming
 The problem of Global Warming can be controlled by minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases into the environment.
 Laws- The Laws that governs pollution and greenhouse gases should be followed. We human and governments need to move
forward to implement the global warming solutions.
 Reduced dependence on thermal power for our electricity need would help towards reducing the quantity if carbon dioxide in the
environment.
 We should not waste paper as it can be saved by keeping documents in electronic format.
 Planting Trees-Trees absorb carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. Trees are helpful in reducing the problem of global warming.
 Another way to reduce is to take public transport or carpool to work. We can share our car while going to office or performing
other scheduled activities. It can help reduce carbon dioxide and save cost.
 Another way to reduce global warming is recycle. Recycle can reduce garbage by reusing plastic bags, bottles, papers or glass..
 Finally, human should stop open burning such as burning dry leafs or burning garbage. It will release carbon dioxide and toxic if
burning garbage with plastic.
Conclusion
The fact is that our earth is "sick". We humans need to "heal" the earth. Global Warming have causes many problem for human but we
human who make global warming happens. We need to reduce the global warming by using less gasoline, recycle and human should
help to reduce global warming instead of making the earth temperature increased. Our generation should start taking care of the earth
because in the next generation they will suffer if we do not do reduce global warming.

Causes and Effects of Climate Change

The climate of a region or city is its typical or average weather. For example, the climate of Delhi is sunny and warm. But the climate
of Ladakh is cold. Earth's climate is the average of all the world's regional climates. Climate change, therefore, is a change in the
typical or average weather of a region or city. This could be a change in a region's average annual rainfall, for example. Or it could
be a change in a city's average temperature for a given month or season. It is also a change in Earth's overall climate.
The earth climates nowadays is changing very rapidly and differently. Besides that, the climate changes in our earth are affecting our
lives psychologically, physically and emotionally. These climate patterns play an important role in shaping natural ecosystems, and
the human economies and cultures that depend on them. For example, the changes in climate can affect how people, plants and animal
live, such as food production and health risks. As the earth's climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle, the
world is now worried about the changes that occurring today have been speeding up and seriously affecting human's lives.
There are two main causes of climate changes - natural causes and human activities.
Natural causes have influenced the earth's climates such as volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earth's orbital changes and solar
variations. The eruptions of volcanoes cause a cooling effect on the earth. When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of
sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. The volcano eruptions will affect the climatic pattern for
years although the eruptions occur in a few days. The sulphur dioxide gas will reach the upper level of the atmosphere. The tiny
particles, dusts and ashes will block the incoming sun rays and this will leads to cooling at the atmosphere. This is because the
bouncing of sunlight to the space is cooling the atmosphere of the earth.
Furthermore, ocean current is one of the natural cause that affecting climate changes. The ocean is the major component of the
climate system. The oceans cover about 71% of the earth and absorb about twice as much of the sun's radiation as the atmosphere or
the land surface. Winds push horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns. Besides that, the oceans also play
an important role of the concentration of carbon dioxide. The changes in ocean circulation will affect the climate through the
movement of carbon dioxide into or out of the atmosphere.
Moreover, another cause that affects climate changes is the earth's orbital changes. The earth makes one full orbit around the sun
every year. If there is no tilt we will not experience seasons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons. For
example, if there is more tilt means we will experience warmer summers and colder winters and if there is less tilt means we will
experience cooler summers and milder winters.
Another main cause that leads to climate changes is human activities. From the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution saw the large-
scale use of fossil fuels for industrial activities. Therefore, they created many jobs for the people. And many people moved from rural
areas to cities. Many vegetation areas were cleared to become houses or factories for industries. Natural resources are being used
extensively for construction, industries, transport, and consumption. All this has contributed to the rises of greenhouse gases such as
methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Human is generating industries factories and houses, and running the vehicles that used
many fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases. These uses of fossil fuel will leads to climate changes. Global climate change is
caused by the fertilizer that used for agricultures. The result of microbial action in the soil, these chemical will release nitrous oxide.
Besides that, the emission of methane and carbon dioxide will also affect climate changes. In addition, the increasing of agriculture is
also caused by the increasing of human population in the world.All the causes are giving a great impact for climate changes in our
earth.
Climate change’s effects plunder the planet
1. More heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans
The cryosphere – the frozen water on Earth – is melting. A warmer atmosphere causes the planet's snowpack, glaciers and sea and
freshwater ice to melt rapidly. Melting glaciers and polar ice sheets contribute to unprecedented sea level rise. Melting sea ice exposes
darker ocean waters, which absorb more sunlight than ice – heating the ocean more and triggering a relentless cycle of melting and
heating.
Weather is getting more extreme. Heat waves are more frequent worldwide. The increased evaporation of water is like fuel for
storms, exacerbating extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Rising sea levels make storm surges capable of much greater
damage. In more naturally arid areas, droughts and wildfires intensify.
2. Human life and prosperity suffer as the climate shifts
Climate change is a major threat to agriculture. Where, how and when we grow food is vitally connected to our climate's normal
patterns. Worldwide, farmers are struggling to keep up with shifting weather patterns and increasingly unpredictable water supplies.
Farms are more likely to face attacks from weeds, diseases and pests, which reduce yield.
Warmer, polluted air affects our health. A warmer atmosphere increases the formation of ground-level ozone – also known as
smog – in polluted regions. Smog irritates lungs and triggers asthma attacks. Smoke from wildfires further degrades the air. Extreme
summer heat means more deaths during heatwaves. Warmer freshwater makes it easier for disease-causing agents (such as bacteria) to
grow and contaminate drinking water.
Infrastructure and transportation are at risk. Hot weather, flooding and other extreme weather events damage infrastructure, put
heavy burdens on electrical supplies and disrupt how we travel and commute.
3. And natural habitats become hostile to plants and animals
Habitats on land and in the sea are changing, making them inhospitable for some species, while letting others move in and take over.
Some ecosystems are at risk of collapsing.
The changes to the natural world are vast. Here are three well-documented examples:
The ice Arctic animals need is vanishing. As sea ice disappears, ice-dependent mammals such as walruses and polar bears struggle
to survive
Forests are more prone to deadly infestations. Milder winters and longer summers allow tree-killing insects to thrive. Meanwhile,
trees weakened by prolonged drought have lower defense mechanisms. This cycle of warmer weather, weak trees and thriving insects
is likely the culprit behind the massive die-off of 70,000 square miles of Rocky Mountain conifers.
Actually there are some solutions that our government, community and society can do. Firstly, the government can help the
communities and businesses to reduce deforestation, plant new trees in the forest and empty land, earn sustainable livelihoods and
adapt to changing climatic conditions. Next, teachers in lecturers in schools and colleges must give the knowledge of how to protect
our earth from the very young age of the children and students. One of the reasons that caused the climate changes is the emission of
carbon dioxide from the vehicles. Therefore, we can reduce the uses of vehicles and car-pooling in our daily lives. Besides that, at
home, we can switch our light bulbs to energy efficient bulbs and turn off the light when we are not using it or after using it.
Conclusion
As a conclusion, we can see there are many effects of climate changes that seriously affecting our environment, health and
biodiversities. If we still have not take any actions to prevent the climate changes, our mother earth will be become sick more
seriously. So, to protect our environment and give our next generation to have a better place to stay, we must always know how to
prevent the climate changes.
What Is the Difference Between "Climate Change" and "Global Warming"?
"Global warming" refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average temperature.
"Climate change" refers to any long-term change in Earth's climate, or in the climate of a region or city. This includes warming,
cooling and changes besides temperature.

What Can You Do to Help?

You can help by using less energy and water. For example, turn off lights and TVs when you leave a room. And turn off the water
when brushing your teeth. You can help by planting trees, which absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Another way to help is by learning about Earth and its climate. The more you know about how Earth's climate works, the more you'll
be able to help solve problems related to climate change.

Natural causes
The Earth's climate can be affected by natural factors that are external to the climate system, such as changes in volcanic activity, solar
output, and the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Of these, the two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate change are
changes in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. In terms of the Earth's energy balance, these factors primarily influence the
amount of incoming energy. Volcanic eruptions are episodic and have relatively short-term effects on climate. Changes in solar
irradiance have contributed to climate trends over the past century but since the Industrial Revolution, the effect of additions of
greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has been over 50 times that of changes in the Sun's output.

What is climate change?

Climate change is the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth, mostly due to the burning of fossil fuels.
Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific
consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems, including
rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render landscapes more susceptible to wildfires.

“Global warming” refers to the long-term warming of the planet.

“Climate change” encompasses global warming, but refers to the broader range of changes that are happening to our planet.
These include rising sea levels, shrinking mountain glaciers, accelerating ice melt in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic, and
shifts in flower/plant blooming times. These are all consequences of the warming, which is caused mainly by people burning
fossil fuels and putting out heat-trapping gases into the air. The terms “global warming” and “climate change” are sometimes
used interchangeably, but strictly they refer to slightly different things.