LTC490

Differential Driver and

FEATURES
■ Low Power: ICC = 300µA Typical
■ Designed for RS485 or RS422 Applications
■ Single 5V Supply
■ – 7V to 12V Bus Common-Mode Range
Permits ±7V Ground Difference Between Devices
on the Bus
■ Thermal Shutdown Protection
■ Power-Up/Down Glitch-Free Driver Outputs Permit
Live Insertion or Removal of Package
■ Driver Maintains High Impedance with the
Power Off
■ Combined Impedance of a Driver Output and
Receiver Allows up to 32 Transceivers on the Bus
■ 70mV Typical Input Hysteresis
■ 28ns Typical Driver Propagation Delays with
5ns Skew
■ Pin Compatible with the SN75179
UO
APPLICATI S
■ Low Power RS485/RS422 Transceiver
■ Level Translator
Receiver Pair
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DESCRIPTIO
The LTC490 is a low power differential bus/line transceiver
designed for multipoint data transmission standard RS485
applications with extended common-mode range (12V to
–7V). It also meets the requirements of RS422.
The CMOS design offers significant power savings over its
bipolar counterpart without sacrificing ruggedness against
overload or ESD damage.
Excessive power dissipation caused by bus contention or
faults is prevented by a thermal shutdown circuit which
forces the driver outputs into a high impedance state. The
receiver has a fail safe feature which guarantees a high
output state when the inputs are left open.
Both AC and DC specifications are guaranteed from 0°C to
70°C and 4.75V to 5.25V supply voltage range.

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TYPICAL APPLICATI

LTC490 LTC490

5
3 120Ω 120Ω
D DRIVER RECEIVER R
6

4000 FT BELDEN 9841

8
2 120Ω 120Ω
R RECEIVER DRIVER D
7
4000 FT BELDEN 9841

LTC490 • TA01

1
LTC490
W W W U U W U
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
Supply Voltage (VCC) ............................................... 12V TOP VIEW ORDER PART
Driver Input Currents ........................... – 25mA to 25mA VCC 1 8 A NUMBER
Driver Input Voltages ....................... –0.5V to VCC +0.5V R

Driver Output Voltages .......................................... ±14V

R 2 7 B LTC490CN8
Receiver Input Voltages ......................................... ±14V
D 3
D
6 Z
LTC490CS8
GND 4 5 Y
Receiver Output Voltages ................ –0.5V to VCC +0.5V LTC490IN8
Operating Temperature Range
N8 PACKAGE LTC490IS8
8-LEAD PLASTIC DIP
LTC490C ................................................ 0°C to 70°C S8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC SOIC
S8 PART MARKING
LTC490I ............................................. – 40°C to 85°C
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 100°C/ W (N8) 490
Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 150°C/ W (S8) 490I
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C
Consult factory for Military grade parts.

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VCC = 5V ±5%
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
VOD1 Differential Driver Output Voltage (Unloaded) IO = 0 ● 5 V
VOD2 Differential Driver Output Voltage (with Load) R = 50Ω (RS422) ● 2 V
R = 27Ω (RS485) (Figure 1) ● 1.5 5 V
∆VOD Change in Magnitude of Driver Differential Output R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● 0.2 V
Voltage for Complementary Output States
VOC Driver Common-Mode Output Voltage R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● 3 V
∆ VOC Change in Magnitude of Driver Common Mode R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● 0.2 V
Output Voltage for Complementary Output States
VIH Input High Voltage (D) ● 2.0 V
VIL Input Low Voltage (D) ● 0.8 V
lIN1 Input Current (D) ● ±2 µA
lIN2 Input Current (A, B) VCC = 0V or 5.25V VIN = 12V ● 1 mA
VIN = – 7V ● – 0.8 mA
VTH Differential Input Threshold Voltage for Receiver – 7V ≤ VCM ≤ 12V ● – 0.2 0.2 V
∆VTH Receiver Input Hysteresis VCM = 0V ● 70 mV
VOH Receiver Output High Voltage IO = –4mA, VID = 0.2V ● 3.5 V
VOL Receiver Output Low Voltage IO = 4mA, VID = – 0.2V ● 0.4 V
IOZR Three-State Output Current at Receiver VCC = Max 0.4V ≤ VO ≤ 2.4V ● ±1 µA
ICC Supply Current No Load; D = GND or VCC ● 300 500 µA
RIN Receiver Input Resistance – 7V ≤ VO ≤ 12V ● 12 kΩ
IOSD1 Driver Short-Circuit Current, VOUT = High VO = – 7V ● 100 250 mA
IOSD2 Driver Short-Circuit Current, VOUT = Low VO = 12V ● 100 250 mA
IOSR Receiver Short-Circuit Current 0V ≤ VO ≤ VCC ● 7 85 mA
IOZ Driver Three-State Output Current VO = – 7V to 12V ● ±2 ±200 µA

2
 LTC490
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SWITCHI G CHARACTERISTICS
VCC = 5V ±5%

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

tPLH Driver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 10 30 50 ns
tPHL Driver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 10 30 50 ns
tSKEW Driver Output to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 5 ns
tr, tf Driver Rise or Fall Time RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 3) ● 5 5 25 ns
tPLH Receiver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 4) ● 40 70 150 ns
tPHL Receiver Input to Output RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 4) ● 40 70 150 ns
tSKD  tPLH – tPHL Differential Receiver Skew RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 4) ● 13 ns

The ● denotes specifications which apply over the full operating Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive; all currents out of device
temperature range. pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground unless
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings are those beyond which the safety of otherwise specified.
the device cannot be guaranteed. Note 3: All typicals are given for VCC = 5V and Temperature = 25°C.

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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Driver Output High Voltage vs Driver Differential Output Voltage Driver Output Low Voltage vs
Output Current vs Output Current Output Current
TA = 25°C TA = 25°C TA = 25°C
–96 64 80
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

–72 48 60

– 48 32 40

–24 16 20

0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LTC490 • TPC01 LTC490 • TPC02 LTC490 • TPC03

TTL Input Threshold vs

Temperature Driver Skew vs Temperature Supply Current vs Temperature

1.63 5 350
INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

1.61 4 340
TIME (ns)

1.59 3 330

1.57 2 320

1.55 1 310
–50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100
TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C )
LTC490 • TPC04 LTC490 • TPC05 LTC490 • TPC06

3
 LTC490
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS

Driver Differential Output Voltage Receiver tPLH-tPHL vs Receiver Output Low Voltage vs
vs Temperature Temperature Temperature
RO = 54Ω I = 8mA
2.3 7 0.8
DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

2.1 6 0.6

1.9 TIME (ns) 5 0.4

1.7 4 0.2

1.5 3 0
–50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100 –50 0 50 100
TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C ) TEMPERATURE (°C )
LTC490 • TPC07 LTC490 • TPC08 LTC490 • TPC09

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PI FU CTI S
VCC (Pin 1): Positive Supply; 4.75V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.25V. Y (Pin 5): Driver Output.
R (Pin 2): Receiver Output. If A > B by 200mV, R will be Z (Pin 6): Driver Output.
high. If A < B by 200mV, then R will be low. B (Pin 7): Receiver Input.
D (Pin 3): Driver Input. A low on D forces the driver outputs A (Pin 8): Receiver Input.
Y low and Z high. A high on D will force Y high and Z low.
GND (Pin 4): Ground Connection.

TEST CIRCUITS
Y
R CL1 A
Y
VOD2
D DRIVER RDIFF RECEIVER R
R
VOC
Z CL2
Z B 15pF

LTC490 • TA02
LTC490 • TA03

Figure 1. Driver DC Test Load Figure 2. Driver/Receiver Timing Test Circuit

4
 LTC490
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SWITCHI G TI E WAVEFOR S
3V
D 1.5V f = 1MHz : t r ≤ 10ns : t f ≤ 10ns 1.5V
0V
tPLH tPHL
VO
50% 80% VDIFF = V(Y) – V(Z) 90% 50%
–VO 10% 20%
tr tf

Z
VO
Y
1/2 VO t SKEW 1/2 VO t SKEW

LTC490 • TA04
Figure 3. Driver Propagation Delays

INPUT
VOD2
A-B 0V f = 1MHz ; t r ≤ 10ns : t f ≤ 10ns 0V
–VOD2
tPLH tPHL
VOH
R 1.5V OUTPUT 1.5V
VOL

Figure 4. Receiver Propagation Delays LTC490 • TA05

UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
Typical Application
A typical connection of the LTC490 is shown in Figure 5. There are no restrictions on where the chips are con-
Two twisted-pair wires connect two driver/receiver pairs nected, and it isn’t necessary to have the chips connected
for full duplex data transmission. Note that the driver and at the ends of the wire. However, the wires must be
receiver outputs are always enabled. If the outputs must be terminated only at the ends with a resistor equal to their
disabled, use the LTC491. characteristic impedance, typically 120Ω. Because only

5V 5V

1 1
LTC490 LTC490
SHIELD
8 5
2 120Ω 3
RX RECEIVER DRIVER DX
7 6

+ SHIELD +
0.01µF 6 7 0.01µF
3 120Ω 2
DX DRIVER RECEIVER RX
5 8
4 4

LTC490 • TA06

Figure 5. Typical Connection

5
LTC490
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
one driver can be connected on the bus, the cable can be Losses in a transmission line are a complex combination
terminated only at the receiving end. The optional shields of DC conductor loss, AC losses (skin effect), leakage and
around the twisted pair help reduce unwanted noise, and AC losses in the dielectric. In good polyethylene cables
are connected to GND at one end. such as the Belden 9841, the conductor losses and
The LTC490 can also be used as a line repeater as shown dielectric losses are of the same order of magnitude,
in Figure 6. If the cable length is longer than 4000 feet, the leading to relatively low overall loss (Figure 7).
LTC490 is inserted in the middle of the cable with the 10

receiver output connected back to the driver input.

LOSS PER 100 FT (dB)

LTC490

8
1.0
2 120Ω
RX RECEIVER DATA IN
7

6
3 0.1
DX DRIVER DATA OUT
5 0.1 1.0 10 100

FREQUENCY (MHz)
LTC490 • TA08

LTC490 • TA07 Figure 7. Attenuation vs Frequency for Belden 9841

Figure 6. Line Repeater
Thermal Shutdown
The LTC490 has a thermal shutdown feature which pro-
tects the part from excessive power dissipation. If the
outputs of the driver are accidently shorted to a power
supply or low impedance, source, up to 250mA can flow
through the part. The thermal shutdown circuit disables
the driver outputs when the internal temperature reaches
150°C and turns them back on when the temperature
cools to 130°C. If the outputs of two or more LTC490
drivers are shorted directly, the driver outputs can not
When using low loss cables, Figure 8 can be used as a
guideline for choosing the maximum line length for a given
data rate. With lower quality PVC cables, the dielectric loss
factor can be 1000 times worse. PVC twisted pairs have
terrible losses at high data rates (>100kbs), and greatly
reduce the maximum cable length. At low data rates
however, they are acceptable and much more economical.
10k
CABLE LENGTH (FT)

1k
supply enough current to activate the thermal shutdown.
Thus, the thermal shutdown circuit will not prevent con-
tention faults when two drivers are active on the bus at the
100
same time.

Cables and Data Rate

10
The transmission line of choice for RS485 applications is 10k 100k 1M 2.5M 10M

a twisted pair. There are coaxial cables (twinaxial) made DATA RATE (bps)
LTC490 • TA09

for this purpose that contain straight pairs, but these are
less flexible, more bulky, and more costly than twisted
Figure 8. RS485 Cable Length Specification. Applies for 24
pairs. Many cable manufacturers offer a broad range of Gauge, Polyethylene Dielectric Twisted Pair.
120Ω cables designed for RS485 applications.

6
 LTC490
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
Cable Termination AC Cable Termination
The proper termination of the cable is very important. Cable termination resistors are necessary to prevent un-
If the cable is not terminated with its characteristic wanted reflections, but they consume power. The typical
impedance, distorted waveforms will result. In severe differential output voltage of the driver is 2V when the
cases, distorted (false) data and nulls will occur. cable is terminated with two 120Ω resistors, causing
33mA of DC current to flow in the cable when no data is
A quick look at the output of the driver will tell how well the
being sent. This DC current is about 60 times greater than
cable is terminated. It is best to look at a driver connected
the supply current of the LTC490. One way to eliminate the
to the end of the cable, since this eliminates the possibility
unwanted current is by AC coupling the termination resis-
of getting reflections from two directions. Simply look at
tors as shown in Figure 10.
the driver output while transmitting square wave data. If
the cable is terminated properly, the waveform will look
like a square wave (Figure 9). If the cable is loaded 120Ω
excessively (47Ω), the signal initially sees the surge
impedance of the cable and jumps to an initial amplitude. C RECEIVER RX
The signal travels down the cable and is reflected back out
of phase because of the mistermination. When the re-
flected signal returns to the driver, the amplitude will be C = LINE LENGTH (FT) × 16.3pF
LTC490 • TA11

lowered. The width of the pedestal is equal to twice the

electrical length of the cable (about 1.5ns/foot). If the Figure 10. AC Coupled Termination
cable is lightly loaded (470Ω), the signal reflects in phase
The coupling capacitor must allow high frequency energy
and increases the amplitude at the driver output. An input
to flow to the termination, but block DC and low frequen-
frequency of 30kHz is adequate for tests out to 4000 feet
cies. The dividing line between high and low frequency
of cable.
depends on the length of the cable. The coupling capacitor
PROBE HERE must pass frequencies above the point where the line
represents an electrical one-tenth wavelength. The value
DX DRIVER
Rt
RECEIVER RX
of the coupling capacitor should therefore be set at 16.3pF
per foot of cable length for 120Ω cables.
With the coupling capacitors in place, power is consumed
only on the signal edges, and not when the driver output
Rt = 120Ω
is idling at a 1 or 0 state. A 100nF capacitor is adequate for
lines up to 4000 feet in length. Be aware that the power
savings start to decrease once the data rate surpasses
Rt = 47Ω 1/(120Ω × C).

Fault Protection
All of LTC’s RS485 products are protected against ESD
Rt = 470Ω
transients up to 2kV using the human body model (100pF,
1.5kΩ). However, some applications need more
LTC490 • TA10
protection. The best protection method is to connect a
Figure 9. Termination Effects bidirectional TransZorb® from each line side pin to ground
(Figure 11). A TransZorb® is a silicon transient voltage
TransZorb® is a registered trademark of General Instruments, GSI

7
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LTC490
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
suppressor that has exceptional surge handling capabili- Y

ties, fast response time, and low series resistance. They DRIVER
120Ω

are available from General Instruments, GSI and come in

Z
a variety of breakdown voltages and prices. Be sure to pick
a breakdown voltage higher than the common- mode
voltage required for your application (typically 12V). Also,
don’t forget to check how much the added parasitic LTC490 • TA12

capacitance will load down the bus. Figure 11. ESD Protection with TransZorbs®

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TYPICAL APPLICATI S
RS232 Receiver RS232 to RS485 Level Transistor with Hysteresis
R = 220k

RS232 IN Y
10k 120Ω
5.6k RECEIVER RX RS232 IN DRIVER

1/2 LTC490 5.6k 1/2 LTC490 Z

LTC490 • TA13 VY - VZ 19k
HYSTERESIS = 10k • ———— ≈ ——
R R
LTC490 • TA14

U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
N8 Package
8-Lead Plastic DIP
0.400
0.300 – 0.320 0.045 – 0.065 0.130 ± 0.005 (10.160)
(7.620 – 8.128) (1.143 – 1.651) (3.302 ± 0.127) MAX

8 7 6 5

0.065
(1.651)
0.009 – 0.015 TYP 0.250 ± 0.010
(0.229 – 0.381) 0.125 (6.350 ± 0.254)
(3.175) 0.020
+0.025 0.045 ± 0.015 MIN (0.508)
0.325 –0.015

( )
(1.143 ± 0.381) MIN 1 2 3 4
+0.635
8.255
–0.381 0.100 ± 0.010 0.018 ± 0.003
(2.540 ± 0.254) (0.457 ± 0.076)

S8 Package
8-Lead Plastic SOIC 0.189 – 0.197
(4.801 – 5.004)
0.010 – 0.020
× 45° 0.053 – 0.069 8 7 6 5
(0.254 – 0.508)
(1.346 – 1.752)
0.008 – 0.010 0.004 – 0.010
(0.203 – 0.254) 0°– 8° TYP (0.101 – 0.254)

0.228 – 0.244 0.150 – 0.157

0.016 – 0.050 (5.791 – 6.197) (3.810 – 3.988)
0.014 – 0.019 0.050
0.406 – 1.270
(0.355 – 0.483) (1.270)
BSC

1 2 3 4

BA/LT/GP 0893 5K REV A • PRINTED IN USA

Linear Technology Corporation
8 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7487
(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● TELEX: 499-3977  LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1993