HUMAN ANATOMY 93

Gross Anatomy

SCALP
 Soft tissues covering cranial vault

EXTENT
 Lateral: temporal lines
 Anterior: eyebrows-superior orbital margins
 Posterior: superior nuchal line

Layers Contents Applied anatomy

S: Thin skin with sweat and sebaceous glands Sebaceous cysts
Skin

C: Thin layer of fat and fibrous tissue in form of Injury  blood vessels walls non-
(dense) Connective locules with blood vessels and nerves (with its collapsible  severe bleeding,
tissue walls attached to its fibrous walls) inflammation very painful
A: Aponeurosis is membranous, tendon of fleshly Injury  (horizontal) leads to gapping of
Aponeurosis/ bellies of epicranial muscle (formed by wound by contraction of fronto-occipitalis
Gálea aponeurótica occipitalis and frontalis muscles, each with
two bellies)

L: Layer provides an easy plane of separation "Danger Zone" because of the ease by
Loose areolar between the upper three layers and the which infectious agents can spread
connective tissue Pericranium through it to emissary veins which then
drain into the cranium.
It contains the major blood vessels of the
scalp.
Safety-valve hematoma-fracture of the
skull with tear of dura, signs of cerebral
compression do not develop until this
space is filled with blood.
P: Pericranium Periosteum of the skull bones Cephalohaematoma / traumatic
(continuous with endocranium at sutural cephalohydrocele - takes shape of related
lines) bone

BLOOD SUPPLY

Location Arteries Branches of

Supratrochlear Artery
INTERNAL CAROTID
Anterior to auricle Supraorbital Artery

Superficial Temporal Artery

Posterior Auricular Artery EXTERNAL CAROTID

Posterior to auricle
Occipital Artery

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 HUMAN ANATOMY 94
Gross Anatomy

VENOUS DRAINAGE

Location Veins Drain into

Supratrochlear vein Join to form Angular vein, continue as Facial vein; join
with anterior division of Retromandibular vein 
Supraorbital common facial vein  Internal jugular vein
Anterior to auricle

Superficial Temporal Join with maxillary vein, forms Retromandibular vein

Join with posterior division of Retromandibular vein 

Posterior Auricular
External jugular vein  Sub clavian vein
Posterior to auricle
Occipital Joins Sub-occipital venous plexus

NERVE SUPPLY - "Z-GLASS"

Location Nature Nerves Branches of

Supratrochlear
Ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve
Supraorbital
Anterior to Sensory
auricle Zygomatico temporal Maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve

Auriculo temporal Mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve

Motor Temporal Facial nerve

Greater Auricular C2, C3-Cervical Plexus

Lesser occipital C2 -Cervical Plexus

Posterior to Sensory
auricle Greater occipital C2-Cervical Plexus

Third occipital C3-Cervical Plexus

Motor Posterior auricular Facial

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
 Anterior to Auricle: Pre-auricular/Superficial parotid node
 Posterior to Auricle: Post auricular/Mastoid and Occipital nodes

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 HUMAN ANATOMY 93
Gross Anatomy

1. Most of the movement of scalp occurs D. Deep cervical

between
A. Skin and subcutaneous tissue Ref: Gray’s Anatomy 39/e, p. 512
B. Subcutaneous tissue and galea
1. Following are the sensory nerve for scalp
aponeurotica
except;
C. Galea aponeurotica and periosteum
A. Supratrochlear
D. Periosteum and bone.
B. Supraorbital
C. Greater occipital
D. Suboccipital
2. The wounds of the scalp bleed
continuously because
Ref: Gray’s Anatomy 39/e, p.513
A. Scalp is highly vascular
B. Blood vessels lie just beneath the skin 1. Which layer of the scalp is known as the
C. Wounds gape dangerous layer of the scalp
D. Vessesls wall falls to retract A. Skin
B. Aponeurosis
C. Loose areolar tissue
3. Collection of fluid deep to the sponeurotic D. Pericranium
layer of th scalp can extend into the
A. Back of the neck Ref: Essentials of Human Anatomy, A.K
B. Check below the nygomatic arch. Datta vol 2, Head and Neck, p.67
C. eyelids
D. lower part of the nose. 2. Which out of the following nerve does not
supply the scalp

1. The superficial fasica in the scalp is; A. Auriculotemporal

A. More loose and irregular in the center B. Zygmaticotemporal

B. More fibrous and dense in the center C. Infratrochlear

C. More fibrous and dense in the periphery D. Greater occipital

D. None of the above

Ref: Gray’s Anatomy 39/e, p .512-513

Ref: Gray’s Anatomy 39/e, p. 578

2. The frontal belly of occipito-frontalis is

supplied by;
A. Temporal branch of facial nerve
B. Zygomatic branch of facial nerve
C. Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
D. Frontal nerve

Ref: Gray’s Anatomy 39/e, p. 500

3. The anterior part of the scalp drains into the

following;
A. Jugulo-digastric
B. Jugulo-omohyoid
C. Parotid

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