RECOMMENDED LOGGING PROGRAM

The logging program should be carefully designed to gather all the data required today, and in
the future as well. The program needs to be written, preferably in a checklist format, describing
the logs to be run, the curve complement on each log, the scales for each curve, and the
interval to be covered. The program forms part of the well drilling and completion program and
is used by the logging engineer to guide hin as to what is required. The wellsite representative
(geologist, drilling engineer, or petrophysicist) monitors the performance of the logging
operation based on this program.

In the past, too few logs were run, even after the advent of many of the modern logging and
analysis techniques. Thus re-evaluation of by-passed reserves, definition of geological
prospects, and seismic modeling suffer today for the false economy of the past. The best
procedure to follow is to run a comprehensive suite of logs. Clearly there are economic
constraints, such as in shallow gas or coal bed methane projects, where a full suite of logs is
not helpful. You may be required to carefully tailor the log suite to suit the circumstances. Here
are my recommendations.

CRAIN'S RECOMMENDED LOGGING PROGRAM

In normal (fresh) mud systems, use:
1. array induction and compressional-wave sonic
combination log
2. density neutron PE combination log

Note: it may be possible to run all 5 logs on one pass. This is

often called a "Quad-combo" but be careful; sometimes the
sonic or PE is left off the list - read your quote or contract
carefully.

The SP, gamma-ray, caliper, borehole volume integration, and

sonic integration curves should be included on the induction
sonic, and the caliper, gamma-ray, density correction, cable
tension, and photo electric capture cross section (PE) should
be included on the density-neutron. The newest version of each
tool should be used, especially in overseas, offshore, or
frontier locations.

Display both density porosity and neutron porosity on

sandstone scale in sand-shale sequences, and limestone scale
in carbonate sequences. Use dolomite scale sparingly and only
in pure dolomite sequences.

Optional extras in fresh mud include:

3. dipole shear sonic if horizontal wells or frac jobs are planned
4. microlog for thin bed definition - can be run with density log
in certain
cases.
5. resistivity or acoustic image for stratigraphic and structural
data, and in fractured
or unconventional reservoirs
6. nuclear magnetic resonance log (especially in
unconventional shale gas
and shale oil plays)
7. elemental capture spectroscopy log for detailed mineral
analysis
In salt mud, or high resistivity formation with fresh mud,
replace or augment the induction with array or high resolution
laterolog, with a microspherically focused log.

In fractured reservoirs, add the dipole shear sonic log with

crossed dipoles and the resistivity image log to define fracture
orientation and stress regime. Post-processing for fracture
aperture and fracture porosity is recommended.

In radioactive reservoirs, add the gamma ray spectral log to

distinguish uranium, potassium, and thorium.

In very shaly sands, or in carbonates with micritic or highly

varying pore geometry, run a nuclear magnetic resonance log
to determine irreducible water saturation.