OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Part One: OBLIGATIONS
 


A. General
 Provisions
 

1. Definition
 (Article
 1156,
 Civil
 Code)
 

2. Elements

a. Active
 Subject

b. Passive
 Subject

c. Object
 or
 Prestation
 

d. Efficient
 Cause
 or
 Juridical
 Tie

3. Natural
 Obligations
 

a. Definition
 (Art.
 1423,
 CC)

b. Examples
 (Articles
 1424
 to
 1430)

c. Difference
 between
 Natural
 and
 Civil
 Obligation
 (Art.
 1423)

d. Distinguished
 from
 moral
 obligations
 

Villaroel
 v.
 Estrada,
 71
 Phil.
 140
 (1940)

Fisher
 v.
 Robb,
 69
 Phil
 101
 (1939)
 


4. Sources
 of
 Obligations
 (Art.
 1157)
 


a. Law
 (Art.
 1158)

b. Contracts
 (Art.
 1159,
 1305)

c. Quasi‐contracts
 (Art.
 1160,
 2142)

• Kinds:

i. Negotiorum
 gestio
 (Art.
 2144)

ii. Solutio
 indebiti
 (Art.
 2154)

iii. Others
 (Art.
 2164
 to
 2175)
 

d. Delicts
 or
 Crime
 (Art.
 1161)

e. Quasi‐delicts
 (Art.
 1162,
 2176)

• Distinction
 between
 crimes
 and
 quasi‐delicts

• Vicarious
 liability
 (Art.
 2180,
 Art.
 218‐219,
 Family
 Code)

• Civil
 liability
 arising
 from
 crime
 (Art.
 1161;
 Rule
 111,
 Revised

Rules
 of
 Criminal
 Procedure)
 

Barredo
 v.
 Garcia,
 73
 Phil
 607
 (1942)

Mendoza
 v.
 Arrieta,
 91
 SCRA
 113
 (1975)
 


5. Classification
 of
 Obligations
 


a. Pure
 and
 Conditional
 Obligations
 (Art.
 1179‐1192)

b. With
 a
 Period
 or
 a
 Term
 (Art.
 1193‐1198)

c. Alternative
 and
 Facultative
 (Art.
 1199‐1206)

 d. Joint
 and
 Solidary
 (Art.
 1207‐1222)

e. Divisible
 and
 Indivisible
 (Art.
 1223‐1225)

f. With
 a
 Penal
 Clause
 (Art.
 1226‐1230)
 


B. Nature
 and
 Effects
 of
 Obligations

1. Kinds of Prestation
a. To
 give
 
 

i. specific
 thing

• to
 preserve
 the
 thing
 (Art.
 1163)

• to
 deliver
 the
 accessions
 and
 accessories
 (Art
 1166)

• to
 deliver
 the
 fruits
 (Art.
 1164,
 par.
 1)

• to
 deliver
 the
 thing
 itself
 (Art.
 1244)

ii. generic
 thing
 (Art.
 1246)
 


b. To
 do
 (Art.
 1244)


c. Not
 to
 do
 (Art.
 1244)
 


2. Breach
 of
 Obligation
 


a. Concept

Song
 Fo
 v.
 Hawaiian
 Philippines,
 47
 Phil.
 821
 (1928)

Velarde
 et
 al.
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals,
 361
 SCRA
 56
 (2001)

Angeles
 v.
 Calasanz,
 135
 SCRA
 323
 (1985)

Delta
 Motor
 Corporation
 v.
 Genuino,
 170
 SCRA
 29
 (1989)

Vermen
 Realty
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals,
 224
 SCRA
 549
 (1993)
 
 


b. Modes
 of
 Breach
 


• Delay
 or
 mora
 (Art.
 1169)

i. mora
 solvendi
 

Cetus
 Development
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals,
 176
 SCRA
 72
 (1989)

Aerospace
 Chemical
 Industries
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals,
 315
 SCRA

 92
Santos
 Ventura
 Hocorma
 Foundation
 v.
 Santos,
 441
 SCRA
 472
Vazquez
 v.
 Ayala
 Corporation,
 443
 SCRA
 231(2004)

Abella
 v.
 Francisco,
 55
 SCRA
 447
 (1931)

dela
 Cruz
 v.
 Legaspi,
 98
 SCRA
 43
 (1955)
 


ii. mora
 accipiendi
 (See
 also
 1268)
 


Villaroel
 v.
 Manila
 Motor
 Co.,
 Inc.,
 104
 Phil.
 926
 (1958)
 


iii. compensation
 morae
 


Central
 Bank
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals,
 139
 SCRA
 46
 (1985)
 

• Fraud
 or
 dolo
 (Art.
 1171)

dolo
 incidente
 and
 dolo
 causante
 
 
 

Woodhouse
 v.
 Halili,
 93
 Phil.
 526
 (1953)

Geraldez
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals
 (1994)


• Negligence
 (Art.
 1172,
 1173)
 


-
 culpa
 v.
 dolo

-
 culpa
 aquiliano
 v.
 culpa
 contractual

-
 standard
 of
 care
 required
 

Gutierrez
 v.
 Gutierrez,
 56
 Phil.
 177
 (1932)

Vasquez
 v.
 Borja,
 74
 Phil.
 560
 (1944)

de
 Guia
 v.
 Manila
 Electric
 Corporation,
 40
 Phil
 706

(1920)

US
 v.
 Barias,
 23
 Phil
 434
 (1912)

Sarmiento
 v.
 Spouses
 Cabrido,
 401
 SCRA
 122
 (2003)

Crisostomo
 v.
 Court
 of
 Appeals,
 409
 SCRA
 528
 (2003)




• Contravention
 of
 the
 tenor
 (Art.
 1172)
 


Chaves
 v.
 Gonzales,
 32
 SCRA
 547
 (1970)

Telefast
 v.
 Castro,
 158
 SCRA
 445
 (1988)

Arrieta
 v.
 NARIC,
 10
 SCRA
 79
 (1964)

Magat
 v.
 Medialdea,
 206
 Phil
 341
 (1983)