IEEE- International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (lCAESM -2012) March 30, 31, 2012 312

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF DI
DIESEL ENGINE AND LHR ENGINE WITH
BIO DIESEL AS FUEL
)* 2 3
A.R. Pradeep Kumar , Dr. K. Annamalai , SR. Premkartikkumar

j'Associate Professor/Mechanical, Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai 60i 301.

2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Automobile Engineering, MiT campus, Anna University.

3Associate Professor/Mechanical, SMK Fomra institute of Technology, Chennai

Abstract - Diesel Engines are dominating in transportation amount of heat loss to the coolant is reduced which further
and agricultural machinery due to its fuel economy and cost leads to higher combustion temperature. As per the
effectiveness. Recent survey reveals that the diesel fuel theoretical study if the heat rejected during combustion
consumption is several times higher than that of gasoline could be reduced and the heat is retained in the combustion
fuel. A suitable alternative fuel for diesel fuel is methyl ester chamber, then the thermal efficiency would be improved at
made of vegetable oils. Direct use of this fuel without any least up to the limit set by second law of thermodynamics.
modification in diesel engines lead to poor performance and
causes some damages on the parts of the engine. Diesel 2. METHODOLOGY
engines reject about two thirds of heat energy of the fuel,
one third to the coolant, one third to exhaust leaving only The biodiesel is a substitute fuel for the diesel fuel in DI
about one third as useful power output. In order to retain the Diesel engine. The direct usage of vegetable oil in DI diesel
heat produced during combustion thermal barrier coated engine have major drawbacks such as poor atomization,
engines were preferred for bio diesel. The low heat rejection increased exhaust smoke, oil sticking to the injector,
(LHR) engines were developed with uniform ceramic deposits on cylinder walls [5]. The reason for these draw
coating of combustion chamber piston crown, cylinder head backs is the high viscosity and poor volatility.
valves by Partially Stabilised Zirconia (PSZ) of 0.5 mm Transesterification is the better way to reduce the viscosity
thickness. Use of biodiesel as fuel in the conventional DI of vegetable oils and make it more effective fuel for the
diesel engine results in combustion problems in order to diesel engines without any modification. The vegetable oil
avoid that engines with thermal barrier coatings, which are was transesterified using methanol in the presence of
known as Low heat rejection engines are preferred for Sodium Hydroxide as catalyst. The transesterified
biodiesel. The experimental investigation was carried with biodiesel has the viscosity close to the diesel fuel.
diesel and bio diesel in uncoated and coated engine and
performance parameters were compared. In this experimental study Rice bran oil is reacted with the
alcohol in presence of the catalyst to produce the esters of
Keywords: low heat rejection engines,PSZ vegetable oil. During the transesterification process glycerol
bio diesel. is also produced which is a byproduct. The separated ester
was mixed with warm water to remove the catalyst and
l.INTRODUCTION allowed to settle down for 27 hours.

The concept of the LHR engine is to suppress the heat The test fuel properties were compared with diesel fuel in
rejection to coolant and to restore the energy in the form of the table l.
useful work [5]. The major advantages of using LHR engine
are better fuel economy, higher energy in exhaust gases and Table 1: Properties comparison for Diesel and testfuel
adaptability with different fuels, such as diesel and bio
diesel. The various difficulties were identified when Properties Diesel Rice Bran
vegetable oil used directly in DI diesel engine without any methyl ester
modification. Few problems are injector coking, deposits on J
Density, kg/m 848 876
walls filter gumming Due to the thermal barrier coating the Specific gravity 0.84 0.86
Kinematic 3.05 5.4
Viscosity@} 40°C, Cst
Calorific Value, kJ/kg 42000 39000

Corresponding author's Email:

dearpradeepkumar@gmail.com

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IEEE- International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012) March 30, 31, 2012 313

Specific gravity and heating value of the fuel play a vital Figure 1 shows the variation between specific energy
role in improving the brake thermal efficiency of the engine consumption (SEC) and engine power output. The heat
[4]. From the Table 1, it is observed that though specific
gravity is close to diesel fuel, heating value of the test fuel is 30 Drffi t power V s S[ C
lesser. ),
1:
l... -'-

3. LOW HEAT REJECTION ENGINES �

:t'.
_0 � IDi""d
:::; 1
IR1I
Although the transesterification process makes the fuel
�() 10 1-
properties of vegetable oil closer to petroleum diesel fuel,
UJ . Diesel (LHR
the viscosity of biodiesel is still higher than the diesel fuel. t') 5

Hence when biodiesel is used in conventional diesel engine 0 0- I '- - - I IRD(LIIR)

it is preheated before injection, to reduce its viscosity [4].
J -t
The concept of LHR is to restore the combustion Brake Power, kW
temperature, thereby to raise the incylinder gas temperature.
LHR engine makes it possible to use biodiesel without
Fig. l. Brake power Vs SEC
preheating due the higher combustion zone temperature.
Sun et al [1], describes that the in low heat rejection engines
input required to produce unit quantity of power is
there is shortening of ignition delay, increase of diffusion
proportionately varying with SEC. Higher the energy
burning period and decrease of premixed burning. The state
required at low load and decreases by increasing the load. It
of art thermal barrier coating provides better thermal
is found that the specific energy consumption of LHR
efficiency, improved combustion and reduced emission [2].
engine with biodiesel is higher than the LHR engine with
The optimized thickness is identified through simulation
diesel fuel and lower conventional diesel engine with diesel
techniques [3]
and biodiesel engine.

4. ENGINE TEST RIG 5,2 Brake thermal efficiency

The compression ignition engine used for this experimental

Brake Power Vs Brake Thennal Efficiency

constant speed, vertical direct injection engine.
40
Table 2. Engine Specifications o:i
E �30
>->
<l)
• Diesel RB
..cu
• Diesel(LHR)
Make Kirloskar SV 1 E-<i3 20
<l)
� 'u • RB(LHR)
Number of Cy I inder 1 OJ
...
Rated Speed (rpm) 1800 0:1 � 10 •
Bore & Stroke (mm) 87.5 x 110 0
Method of cooling Water cooled
2 3 4 5

Brake Power, kW

The engine test rig is directly connected with eddy current

dynamometer with suitable and control facility for loading
the engine. The liquid fuel flow rate is measured on the
volumetric basis using a burette and stop watch. AVL
smoke meter was used to measure the CO and HC emissions
from the engine. For measurement of cylinder pressure a
pressure transducer was fitted on engine cylinder and a
crank angle encoder was used for measurement of crank
angle.
5. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
5.1 Specific Fuel consumption
Fig. 2. Brake power Vs Brake thermal efficiency
The results obtained for the biodiesel blend of 20 percent by
volume with neat diesel have been shown in figure 2. It was
clear that there was considerable raise in brake thermal
efficiency with the gradual increase in load. The brake
thermal efficiency of an engine depends on few factors,
among those heating value and specific gravity are playing
vital role. The energy input or consumption by LHR engine
was less compared to uncoated engine.

blend of 20 percent biodiesel by volume in the diesel fuel,

by varying the brake loads. The lower heating value of the

ISBN: 978-81-909042-2-3 ©2012 IEEE

IEEE- International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012) March 30, 31, 2012 314

5.3 Hydrocarbon (He) emission emIssIon. All factors facilitating and accelerating the
reaction between oxygen and nitrogen increase NOx
The figure 3 shows the hydrocarbon emission of the engine formation. Thus the main factor in NOx formation is
with varying load conditions. Hydrocarbon emission is low temperature and presence of oxygen. Increase in NOx in
in LHR engine when compared with conventional engine coated engine is more due to an increase in after combustion
for all the test fuels. The decrease in the hydrocarbon in the temperature due to the ceramic coated. Bio diesel used in
LHR engine may be due to the increase in the both uncoated and coated engines cause more NOx
emission because of their higher oxygen content than diesel
fuel.

Brake Power Vs He emission

6. CONCLUSION
E 50 • Diesel
§: 40 The experimental investigation was carried out with Rice
1:; =- .RB bran oil as a fuel and optimized blend was found to be 20
0 30
::I on
...

on • Diesel (LHR) percent biodiesel by volume with diesel fuel. The ceramic
c 8 20
::J 0 coating was done on the piston surface, cylinder head and
.<; 10 .RB(LHR)
»
::c: 0 both in conventional engine and LHR Engine. It was
2 3 4 5 observed that the heat transferred to the coolant and

Brake Power, kW surrounding were reduced well due to the thermal barrier
coating.
The specific energy consumption of LHR engine with
biodiesel was higher than LHR engine fueled with diesel

Fig. 3. Brake power Vs Unburnt HC fuel.

The high operating temperature during combustion in LHR

after combustion temperature due to decrease in heat engine makes the combustion process to nearly a complete
combustion. At maximum load the unburnt hydrocarbon
rejected to cooling and heat loss to atmosphere due to the
level decreases for LHR engine fuelled with biodiesel. The
ceramic coating. In LHR engine unburned hydrocarbons
were added to the combustion. Thus the results clearly reduction in hydrocarbon emission level is due to the high

indicate that the ceramic coating lowers the hydrocarbon combustion temperature and availability of sufficient
oxygen in biodiesel.
emission compared with uncoated engine. The decrease in
hydrocarbon emission may be also due to the more oxygen As a result of ceramic coating, combustion temperature is
increased and ignition delay. Due to the oxygen content in
content in the biodiesel, which helps for complete
the biodiesel and high temperature after combustion reaction
combustion [4]. .
between the oxygen and nitrogen is accelerated more in the
LHR engine and hence more NOx formation But this can be
5.4 NOx emission
optimized by suitable means such as optimizing the internal
EGR, water injection, low compression ratio and modulated
kinetics technique etc.,
Brake Power Vs NOx
300
SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

g, 200
250
J J Bio diesel can be a suitable alternative fuel for the low
� 150 ..r U • Diesel RB
speed diesel engines due to its better torque and power at
� 100 • Dies low speeds.
50 • el(LHR)
Internal EGR, LHR engine with low compression ratio,
0 .RB(LHR)
retardation of injection timing and direct water injection can
1 2 3 4 5
be used in LHR engines for NOx reduction.
Brake Power, kW
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Fig. 4. Brake power Vs NOx
A.R. Pradeep Kumar, wish to place on record his deep
Figure 4 shows the comparison of NOx emission for various gratitude and heartfelt thanks to Dr. K. Annamalai, Pb.D.,
loads for LHR engine and conventional diesel engine with Department of Automobile Engineering, MIT Campus,
the diesel and test fuel. An increase in the temperature of Anna University, Chennai. He also thanks Dr.V.P.
after combustion process causes an increase in NOx Ramamurtbi, Pb.D., Chairman, Dhanalakshmi College of

ISBN: 978-81-909042-2-3 ©2012 IEEE

IEEE- International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012) March 30, 31, 2012 315

Engineering for his motivation and moral support towards

the successful completion of this paper.

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ISBN: 978-81-909042-2-3 ©2012 IEEE