Chem 115 Zamis

Solubility Rules
SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS INSOLUBLE COMPOUNDS
compounds of Group 1 elements carbonates(CO32-) except those of Group I
elements and NH4+
ammonium(NH4+) compounds oxalates(C2O42-) except those of Group I
elements and NH4+
chlorides(Cl-), bromides(Br-), iodides(I-) except phosphates(PO43-) except those of Group I
those of Ag+, Hg22+, and Pb2+ elements and NH4+
nitrates(NO3-), acetates(C2H3O2-), sulfides(S2-) except those of Group 1 and 2
chlorates(ClO3-) and perchlorates(ClO4-) elements and NH4+
sulfates(SO42-) except those of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, hydroxides(OH-) except those of Group 1 and
Pb2+, Hg22+ and Ag+ 2 elements and NH4+

Soluble ionic compounds in water will dissociate to give the individual cations and anions.
(Strong electrolytes)

Strong Acids & Bases in Water

STRONG ACIDS STRONG BASES
hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) lithium hydroxide, LiOH (aq)
hydrobromic acid, HBr(aq) sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq)
hydroiodic acid, HI(aq) potassium hydroxide, KOH (aq)

nitric acid, HNO3(aq) Ca hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (aq)

sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq) (to HSO4-(aq)) Sr hydroxide, Sr(OH)2 (aq)

perchloric acid, HClO4 (aq) Ba hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 (aq)

Strong acids and bases in water will dissociate to give the individual cations and anions.
(Strong electrolytes)
Weak Acids & Bases in Water
WEAK ACIDS WEAK BASES
phosphoric acid, H3PO4(aq) ammonia, NH3(aq)
organic acids, R-CO2H organic amines, R-NH2

Weak acids and bases in water will partially react with water to give a small percentage of
cations and anions (weak electrolyte), but most of the compound will remain in its original form.