National Review

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This article is about the American magazine. For other uses, see National Review
(disambiguation).
National Review
Natreview.jpg
National Review cover for August 30, 2010
Editor Rich Lowry
Categories Editorial magazine, conservatism
Frequency Biweekly
Publisher E. Garrett Bewkes IV[1]
Total circulation
(2017) 90,904[2]
First issue November 19, 1955; 62 years ago
Company National Review, Inc.
Language English
Website www.nationalreview.com
ISSN 0028-0038
National Review (NR) is an American semi-monthly conservative editorial magazine
focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs.
The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955.[3] It is
currently edited by Rich Lowry.

Since its founding, the magazine has played a significant role in the development
of conservatism in the United States, helping to define its boundaries[3] and
promoting fusionism while establishing itself as a leading voice on the American
right.[3][4][5]

The online version, National Review Online, is edited by Charles C. W. Cooke and
includes free content and articles separate from the print edition.[6]

Contents
1 History
1.1 Background
1.2 Early years
1.3 Contributors
1.4 Mission to conservatives
1.5 Defining the boundaries of conservatism
1.6 After Goldwater
2 Political views and content
2.1 Obama conspiracy theories
2.2 Climate change
3 National Review Online
4 National Review Institute
5 Finances
6 Presidential primary endorsements
7 Editors and contributors
7.1 Notable current contributors
7.2 Notable past contributors
7.3 Washington editors
8 Notes
9 Bibliography
10 External links
History
Background
See also: Conservatism in the United States
Before National Review's founding in 1955, the American right was a largely
unorganized collection of people who shared intertwining philosophies but had
little opportunity for a united public voice. They also wanted to marginalize what
they saw as the antiwar, noninterventionistic views of the Old Right.[7]

In 1953 moderate Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was president, and many major
magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post, Time, and Reader's Digest were
strongly conservative and anticommunist, as were many newspapers including the
Chicago Tribune and St. Louis Globe-Democrat. A few small-circulation conservative
magazines, such as Human Events and The Freeman, preceded National Review in
developing Cold War Conservatism in the 1950s.[8]

Early years
In 1953, Russell Kirk published The Conservative Mind, which sought to trace an
intellectual bloodline from Edmund Burke[9] to the Old Right in the early 1950s.
This challenged the popular notion that no coherent conservative tradition existed
in the United States.[9]

William F. Buckley Jr., the founder of National Review (pictured in 1985)

A young William F. Buckley Jr. was greatly influenced by Kirk's concepts. Buckley,
from a wealthy oil family, first tried to purchase Human Events, but was turned
down. He then met Willi Schlamm, the experienced editor of The Freeman; they would
spend the next two years raising the $300,000 necessary to start their own weekly
magazine, originally to be called National Weekly.[10] (A magazine holding the
trademark to the name prompted the change to National Review.) The statement of
intentions read:[11]

Middle-of-the-Road, qua Middle of the Road, is politically, intellectually, and

morally repugnant. We shall recommend policies for the simple reason that we
consider them right (rather than �non-controversial�); and we consider them right
because they are based on principles we deem right (rather than on popularity
polls)... The New Deal revolution, for instance, could hardly have happened save
for the cumulative impact of The Nation and The New Republic, and a few other
publications, on several American college generations during the twenties and
thirties.

Contributors
On November 19, 1955, Buckley�s magazine began to take shape. Buckley assembled an
eclectic group of writers: traditionalists, Catholic intellectuals, libertarians
and ex-Communists. The group included: Russell Kirk, James Burnham, Frank Meyer,
and Willmoore Kendall, Catholics L. Brent Bozell, Harry V. Jaffa and Garry Wills.
The former Time editor Whittaker Chambers, who had been a Communist spy in the
1930s, eventually became a senior editor. In the magazine�s founding statement
Buckley wrote:[12]

Let�s Face it: Unlike Vienna, it seems altogether possible that did National Review
not exist, no one would have invented it. The launching of a conservative weekly
journal of opinion in a country widely assumed to be a bastion of conservatism at
first glance looks like a work of supererogation, rather like publishing a royalist
weekly within the walls of Buckingham Palace. It is not that of course; if National
Review is superfluous, it is so for very different reasons: It stands athwart
history, yelling Stop, at a time when no other is inclined to do so, or to have
much patience with those who so urge it.

As editors and contributors, Buckley especially sought out intellectuals who were
ex-Communists or had once worked on the far Left, including Whittaker Chambers,
William Schlamm, John Dos Passos, Frank Meyer and James Burnham.[13] When James
Burnham became one of the original senior editors, he urged the adoption of a more
pragmatic editorial position that would extend the influence of the magazine toward
the political center. Smant (1991) finds that Burnham overcame sometimes heated
opposition from other members of the editorial board (including Meyer, Schlamm,
William Rickenbacker, and the magazine's publisher William A. Rusher), and had a
significant effect on both the editorial policy of the magazine and on the thinking
of Buckley himself.[14]

Mission to conservatives
National Review aimed to make conservative ideas respectable,[3] in an age when the
dominant view of conservative thought was expressed by Lionel Trilling in 1950:[15]

In the United States at this time liberalism is not only the dominant but even the
sole intellectual tradition. For it is the plain fact that nowadays there are no
conservative or reactionary ideas in general circulation... the conservative
impulse and the reactionary impulse do not... express themselves in ideas but
only... in irritable mental gestures which seek to resemble ideas.

William Buckley, Jr., on the purpose of National Review:

[National Review] stands athwart history, yelling Stop, at a time when no one is
inclined to do so, or to have much patience with those who so urge it� it is out of
place because, in its maturity, literate America rejected conservatism in favor of
radical social experimentation�since ideas rule the world, the ideologues, having
won over the intellectual class, simply walked in and started to�run just about
everything. There never was an age of conformity quite like this one, or a
camaraderie quite like the Liberals�.[16]

National Review promoted Barry Goldwater heavily during the early 1960s. Buckley
and others involved with the magazine took a major role in the "Draft Goldwater"
movement in 1960 and the 1964 presidential campaign. National Review spread his
vision of conservatism throughout the country.[17]

The early National Review faced occasional defections from both left and right.
Garry Wills broke with N.R. and became a liberal commentator. Buckley�s brother-in-
law, L. Brent Bozell Jr., who ghostwrote The Conscience of a Conservative for Barry
Goldwater, left and started the short-lived traditionalist Catholic magazine,
Triumph in 1966.

Defining the boundaries of conservatism

See also: Conservatism in the United States
Buckley and Meyer promoted the idea of enlarging the boundaries of conservatism
through fusionism, whereby different schools of conservatives, including
libertarians, would work together to combat what were seen as their common
opponents.[3]

Buckley and his editors used his magazine to define the boundaries of
conservatism�and to exclude people or ideas or groups they considered unworthy of
the conservative title. Therefore, they attacked the John Birch Society, George
Wallace, and anti-Semites.[3][18]

Buckley's goal was to increase the respectability of the conservative movement; as

Rich Lowry noted: "Mr. Buckley's first great achievement was to purge the American
right of its kooks. He marginalized the anti-Semites, the John Birchers, the
nativists and their sort."[19]

In 1957, the National Review editorialized in favor of white leadership in the

South, arguing that "the central question that emerges... is whether the White
community in the South is entitled to take such measures as are necessary to
prevail, politically and culturally, in areas where it does not predominate
numerically? The sobering answer is Yes � the White community is so entitled
because, for the time being, it is the advanced race."[20][21] By the 1970s the
National Review advocated colorblind policies and the end of affirmative action.
[22]

In the late 1960s, the magazine denounced segregationist George Wallace, who ran in
Democratic primaries in 1964 and 1972 and made an independent run for president in
1968. During the 1950s, Buckley had worked to remove anti-Semitism from the
conservative movement and barred holders of those views from working for National
Review.[23] In 1962 Buckley denounced Robert W. Welch Jr. and the John Birch
Society as "far removed from common sense" and urged the Republican Party to purge
itself of Welch's influence.[24]

After Goldwater
After Goldwater was defeated by Lyndon Johnson in 1964, Buckley and National Review
continued to champion the idea of a conservative movement, which was increasingly
embodied in Ronald Reagan. Reagan, a longtime subscriber to National Review, first
became politically prominent during Goldwater's campaign. National Review supported
his challenge to President Gerald Ford in 1976 and his successful 1980 campaign.

During the 1980s N.R. called for tax cuts, supply-side economics, the Strategic
Defense Initiative, and support for President Reagan's foreign policy against the
Soviet Union. The magazine criticized the Welfare state and would support the
Welfare reform proposals of the 1990s. The magazine also regularly criticized
President Bill Clinton. It first embraced, then rejected, Pat Buchanan in his
political campaigns. A lengthy 1996 National Review editorial called for a
"movement toward" drug legalization.[25]

In 1985, the National Review and Buckley were represented by attorney J. Daniel
Mahoney during the magazine's $16 million libel suit against The Spotlight.[26]

Political views and content

Victor Davis Hanson, a regular contributor since 2001, sees a broad spectrum of
conservative and anti-liberal contributors:

In other words, a wide conservative spectrum�paleo-conservatives, neo-

conservatives, tea-party enthusiasts, the deeply religious and the agnostic, both
libertarians and social conservatives, free-marketeers and the more
protectionist�characterizes National Review. The common requisite is that they
present their views as a critique of prevailing liberal orthodoxy but do so
analytically and with decency and respect.[27]
The magazine has been described as "the bible of American conservatism".[28]

Obama conspiracy theories

The National Review has been widely attributed as the source that brought
widespread attention to the false conspiracy theory that President Barack Obama was
not born in the United States. In June 2008, six days after Hillary Clinton
conceded to Obama in the Democratic primary, The National Review published an
article asking Obama to publish his birth certificate to prove that he was born in
the United States.[29][30] The article led to widespread attention on what had
previously been a fringe internet theory.[29]

One National Review article said that Obama's parents could be communists because
�for a white woman to marry a black man in 1958, or �60, there was almost
inevitably a connection to explicit Communist politics�.[31][32]

National Review columnist Andrew McCarthy titled one of his books, How Obama
Embraces Islam�s Sharia Agenda.[31]

By 2018, Dinesh D'Souza was on the National Review masthead, despite stirring
controversy for a number of years making inflammatory remarks and promoting
conspiracy theories . D'Souza had shared a meme calling former President Barack
Obama a �gay Muslim� and suggesting Michelle Obama was a man. In comments that
earned rebukes from National Review colleagues, D'Souza said that Hungarian-born
George Soros was a "collection boy for Hitler and the Nazis," attacked Roy Moore
accuser Beverly Young Nelson, said that accusations against Roy Moore were �most
likely fabricated,� and described Rosa Parks as an "overrated Democrat".[33]

Climate change
According to Philip Bump of The Washington Post, The National Review "has regularly
criticized and rejected the scientific consensus on climate change".[34] The graph

In 2015, The National Review published an intentionally deceptive graph that

suggested that there was no climate change.[34][35][36] The graph set the lower and
upper bounds of the chart at -10 and 110 degree Fahrenheit and zoomed out so as to
obscure warming trends.[36]

In 2017, The National Review published an article alleging that a top NOAA
scientist claimed that National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
engaged in data manipulation and rushed a study based on faulty data in order to
influence the Paris climate negotiations.[37] The article largely repeated
allegations made in The Daily Mail without independent verification.[38] The
scientist in question later rebuked the claims made by the National Review, noting
that he did not accuse NOAA of data manipulation but instead raised concerns about
"the way data was handled, documented and stored, raising issues of transparency
and availability".[37]

National Review Online

A popular feature of National Review is the web version of the magazine, National
Review Online ("N.R.O."), which includes a digital version of the magazine, with
articles updated daily by National Review writers, and conservative blogs. The on-
line version is called N.R.O. to distinguish it from the paper magazine. It also
features free articles, though these deviate in content from its print magazine.
The site's editor is Charles C. W. Cooke.[39]

Each day, the site posts new content consisting of conservative, libertarian, and
neoconservative opinion articles, including some syndicated columns, and news
features.

It also features two blogs:

The Corner[40] � postings from a select group of the site's editors and affiliated
writers discussing the issues of the day
Bench Memos[41] � legal and judicial news and commentary
Markos Moulitsas, who runs the liberal Daily Kos web-site, told reporters in August
2007 that he does not read conservative blogs, with the exception of those on
N.R.O.: "I do like the blogs at the National Review�I do think their writers are
the best in the [conservative] blogosphere," he said.[42]

National Review Institute

The N.R.I. works in policy development and helping establish new advocates in the
conservative movement. National Review Institute was founded by William F. Buckley
Jr. in 1991 to engage in policy development, public education, and advocacy that
would advance the conservative principles he championed.[43]

Finances
As with most political opinion magazines in the United States, National Review
carries little corporate advertising. The magazine stays afloat by donations from
subscribers and black-tie fund raisers around the country. The magazine also
sponsors cruises featuring National Review editors and contributors as lecturers.
[28][44]

Buckley said in 2005 that the magazine had lost about $25,000,000 over fifty years.
[45]

Presidential primary endorsements

National Review sometimes endorses a candidate during the primary election season.
Editors at National Review have said, "Our guiding principle has always been to
select the most conservative viable candidate."[46] This statement echoes what has
come to be called "The Buckley Rule". In a 1967 interview, in which he was asked
about the choice of presidential candidate, Buckley said, "The wisest choice would
be the one who would win... I'd be for the most right, viable candidate who could
win."[47]

The following candidates were officially endorsed by National Review:

1956: Dwight Eisenhower

1960: no endorsement[48]
1964: Barry Goldwater
1968: Richard Nixon [48]
1972: John M. Ashbrook [48]
1976: Ronald Reagan
1980: Ronald Reagan
1984: Ronald Reagan
1988: George H.W. Bush
1992
1996
2000: George W. Bush
2004: no endorsement; incumbent was unopposed
2008: Mitt Romney[49]
2012: no endorsement[48]
2016: Ted Cruz [50]
Editors and contributors

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template
message)
The magazine's current editor-in-chief is Rich Lowry. Many of the magazine's
commentators are affiliated with think-tanks such as The Heritage Foundation and
American Enterprise Institute. Prominent guest authors have included Newt Gingrich,
Mitt Romney, Peter Thiel, and Ted Cruz in the on-line and paper edition.

Notable current contributors

Current and past contributors to National Review (N.R.) magazine, National Review
Online (N.R.O.), or both:

Elliott Abrams
Richard Brookhiser, senior editor
Mona Charen
Charles C. W. Cooke, editor of N.R.O..
Frederick H. Fleitz
David A. French
John Fund, N.R.O. national-affairs columnist
Jim Geraghty
Jonah Goldberg, N.R. senior editor
Victor Davis Hanson
Paul Johnson
Roger Kimball
Charles Krauthammer
Larry Kudlow
Stanley Kurtz
Yuval Levin
James Lileks
Rob Long, N.R. contributing editor
Kathryn Jean Lopez
Rich Lowry, N.R. editor
Andrew C. McCarthy
John J. Miller N.R. national political reporter
Stephen Moore, financial columnist
Deroy Murdock
Jay Nordlinger
Michael Novak
John O'Sullivan, N.R. editor-at-large
Ramesh Ponnuru
David Pryce-Jones
Tom Rogan
Reihan Salam
Ben Shapiro
Katherine Timpf
George F. Will
Kevin D. Williamson, "roving correspondent" at N.R.
Notable past contributors
Renata Adler
Steve Allen
Wick Allison
W. H. Auden
Edward C. Banfield
Jacques Barzun
Peter L. Berger
Allan Bloom
George Borjas
Robert Bork
L. Brent Bozell, Jr.
Peter Brimelow
Pat Buchanan
Jed Babbin
Myrna Blyth
Christopher Buckley
William F. Buckley Jr., founder
James Burnham
John R. Chamberlain
Whittaker Chambers
Shannen W. Coffin
Robert Conquest
Richard Corliss
Robert Costa
Ann Coulter
Arlene Croce
Guy Davenport
John Derbyshire
Joan Didion
John Dos Passos
Rod Dreher
Dinesh D'Souza
John Gregory Dunne
Max Eastman
Eric Ehrmann
Thomas Fleming
Samuel T. Francis
Milton Friedman
David Frum
Francis Fukuyama
Eugene Genovese
Paul Gigot
Nathan Glazer
Stuart Goldman
Paul Gottfried
Mark M. Goldblatt
Michael Graham
Ethan Gutmann
Ernest van den Haag
Jeffrey Hart
Henry Hazlitt
Will Herberg
Christopher Hitchens
Harry V. Jaffa
Arthur Jensen
John Keegan
Willmoore Kendall
Hugh Kenner
Florence King
Phil Kerpen
Russell Kirk
Irving Kristol
Dave Kopel
Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn
Michael Ledeen
Fritz Leiber
John Leonard
Mark Levin
John Lukacs
Arnold Lunn
Richard Lynn
Alasdair MacIntyre
Harvey C. Mansfield
Malachi Martin
Frank Meyer
Scott McConnell
Forrest McDonald
Ludwig von Mises
Alice-Leone Moats
Raymond Moley
Thomas Molnar
Charles Murray
Richard Neuhaus
Robert Nisbet
Robert Novak
Michael Oakeshott
Kate O'Beirne
Conor Cruise O'Brien
Revilo P. Oliver
Thomas Pangle
Isabel Paterson
Ezra Pound
Paul Craig Roberts
Murray Rothbard
William A. Rusher, publisher, 1957�88
J. Philippe Rushton
Steve Sailer
Pat Sajak
Catherine Seipp
Daniel Seligman
John Simon
Joseph Sobran
Thomas Sowell
Whit Stillman
Theodore Sturgeon
Mark Steyn
Thomas Szasz
Allen Tate
Jared Taylor
Terry Teachout
Taki Theodoracopulos
Ralph de Toledano
Auberon Waugh
Evelyn Waugh
Richard M. Weaver
Robert Weissberg
Frederick Wilhelmsen
Garry Wills
James Q. Wilson
Tom Wolfe
Byron York
R. V. Young
Washington editors
L. Brent Bozell, Jr.
Neal B. Freeman
George Will, 1973�76[51]
Neal B. Freeman, 1978�81
John McLaughlin, 1981�89
William McGurn, 1989�1992
Kate O'Beirne
Robert Costa, 2012�13
Eliana Johnson, 2014�16
Notes
"Garrett Bewkes". Retrieved February 2, 2017.
"Total Circulation for Consumer Magazines". Alliance for Audited Media.
Perlstein, Rick (April 11, 2017). "I thought I understood the American Right". New
York Times. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Byers, Dylan. "National Review, conservative thinkers stand against Donald Trump".
CNN. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
Brooks, David (September 24, 2017). "The Conservative Mind". The New York Times.
Retrieved June 11, 2017.
Advertising Media Kit, National Review Online.
Nash, George H. (1976, 2006). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America
Since 1945. ISI Books: Wilmington, DE, pp. 186�93.
Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. pp. 186�93.
Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy Beer, and Jeffrey O. Nelson (2006) American Conservatism:
An Encyclopedia. ISI Books, Wilmington, DE, pp. 186�88
Bogus, Carl T. (2011). Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American
Conservatism. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781608193554.
Gregory L. Schneider. ed. (2003). Conservatism in America since 1930: a reader.
NYU Press. pp. 195ff. ISBN 9780814797990.
Our Mission Statement, National Review Online, November 19, 1955
 John P. Diggins, "Buckley's Comrades: The Ex-Communist as Conservative," Dissent
July 1975, Vol. 22 Issue 4, pp. 370�86
Kevin Smant, "Whither Conservatism? James Burnham and 'National Review,'
1955�1964," Continuity, 1991, Issue 15, pp. 83�97; Smant, Principles and Heresies:
Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement (2002) pp.
33�66
Golden Days, National Review Online, October 27, 2005.
Buckley, William (19 November 1955). "Our Mission Statement". National Review
Online. Retrieved April 27, 2012.
Frohnen, Bruce, Jeremy Beer, and Jeffrey O. Nelson, eds. American Conservatism: An
Encyclopedia. (2006) pp. 601�04
Roger Chapman, Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices
(2009) vol. 1 p. 58
A Personal Retrospective, National Review Online, August 9, 2004
Buckley, William F. (August 24, 1957). "Why the South Must Prevail" (PDF).
National Review. 4. pp. 148�49. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Quoted in John B. Judis, William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the
Conservatives (2001) p. 138
Laura Kalman, Right Star Rising: A New Politics, 1974�1980 (2010) p. 23
Judis, William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives pp. 283�87
William F. Buckley Jr. "Goldwater, the John Birch Society, and Me". Commentary.
Archived from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
"Nationalreview.com".
Archibald, George (October 25, 1985). "Jury begged not to let Buckley 'punish and
destroy' Spotlight" (PDF). The Washington Times. Washington, D.C. p. 3-A. Retrieved
August 29, 2017.
see Hanson, "The Home of Intellectual Populism Could Use Your Help" NRO 1
December, 2015
Hari, Johann, Titanic: Reshuffling the Deck Chairs on the National Review Cruise,
in The New Republic, vol. 237, issue 1, July 2, 2007 (in MasterFile Premier
(EbscoHost) (PDF) (subscription may be required)), p. 31
"No, Hillary Clinton didn't feed the birther movement". PolitiFact. Retrieved
2018-05-22.
Tumulty, Karen (2008-06-12). "Will Obama's Anti-Rumor Plan Work?". Time. ISSN
0040-781X. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
"I Thought I Understood the American Right. Trump Proved Me Wrong". Retrieved
2018-05-22.
The New Hate by Arthur Goldwag. p. 5.
Kirell, Andrew (2018-02-21). "Dinesh D'Souza Mocked Shooting Survivors. Why Is He
Still on the 'National Review' Masthead?". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
Bump, Philip (2015-12-14). "Why this National Review global temperature graph is
so misleading". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
O'Connor, Lydia (2015-12-15). "This Is How Climate Change Deniers Are Tricking
You". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
"One chart shows how climate change deniers are skewing statistics to fit their
view". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
"No Data Manipulation at NOAA - FactCheck.org". FactCheck.org. 2017-02-09.
Retrieved 2018-05-22.
"How the blogosphere spread and amplified the Daily Mail's unsupported allegations
of climate data manipulation". Climate Feedback. 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2018-05-22.
"Charles C. W. Cooke named Online editor at National Review". POLITICO. Retrieved
2016-06-18.
"The Corner". Archived from the original on September 22, 2005.
"Bench Memos".
"Markos speaks", Ben Smith blog in The Politico, August 2, 2007.
"�".
"National Review 2017 Trans-Atlantic Crossing".
Shapiro, Gary. "An 'Encounter' With Conservative Publishing", "Knickerbocker"
column, The New York Sun, December 9, 2005.
 "Nationalreview.com Romney for President".
The Miami News, April 18, 1967. "A Trip into Idea Land with Bill Buckley".
Retrieved October 17, 2011.
Jonah Goldberg (December 15, 2011). "The Editorial � My Take". Retrieved June 14,
2013.
The Editors, December 11, 2007. "Romney for President".
Editors (March 11, 2016). "Ted Cruz for President". Retrieved May 20, 2016.
"George F. Will: Daily Beast bio". Retrieved 2014-08-31.
Bibliography
Allitt, Patrick. The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American
History (2010) excerpt and text search
Bogus, Carl T. Buckley: William F. Buckley Jr. and the Rise of American
Conservatism (2011)
Critchlow, Donald T. The Conservative Ascendancy: How the Right Made Political
History (2007)
Frisk, David B. If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the
Conservative Movement (2011)
Frohnen, Bruce et al. eds. American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia (2006) ISBN 1-
932236-44-9
Hart, Jeffrey. The Making of the American Conservative Mind: The National Review
and Its Times (2005), a view from the inside
Judis, John B. William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (2001)
ISBN 978-0-7432-1797-2
Nash, George. The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 (2006;
1st ed. 1978)
Schneider, Gregory. The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution (2009)
Smant, Kevin J. Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the
American Conservative Movement (2002) (ISBN 1-882926-72-2)
External links
Official website
NRI, National Review Institute
"President Honors Buckley at 50th Anniversary of National Review". White House.
George W Bush. Oct 6, 2005.
v t e
Major English-language current affairs and culture magazines
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