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KONTRAKSI JANTUNG
HUSNIL KADRI
Fakultas Kedokteran Unand
Padang
3 JENIS JARINGAN OTOT
2
OTOT JANTUNG
OTOT JANTUNG
CARDIAC MUSCLE
205
OTOT JANTUNG
Sel –selnya bercabang dan mengandung 1 – 2
206
nukleus ditengahnya
Myofilament actin dan myosin
Intercalated disks: Specialized cellcell contacts
Desmosomes hold cells together and gap junctions
allow action potentials
GAP JUNCTIONS
small pores in the center of each gap
junction
allows ions and small peptides to flow from
one cell to another
action potential is propagated to adjacent
muscle cells
Heart behaves as a single motor unit
THEORETICALLY,
AN ION INSIDE AN SA NODAL CELL
COULD TRAVEL THROUGHOUT THE
HEART
VIA THE GAP JUNCTIONS
Membangkitkan energi dalam bentuk
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Menjaga fungsi kontraksi jantung dan
berhubungan dengan gradien ion
THICK & THIN MYOFILAMENTS
PROTEIN OTOT
Myofibrils terdiri dari 3 protein:
1. contractile proteins
myosin and actin
2. Proteins pengatur kontraksi
troponin and tropomyosin
3. Protein struktural
titin, myomesin, nebulin and dystrophin
MYOSIN
Many different types
Myosin V vesicle transport
Myosin II skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction
ACTIN FILAMENTS:
Polymer of Gactin (43 kDa globular
protein)
‘thin filaments’ in muscle
2 SUMBER CALSIUM PADA OTOT
JANTUNG
CARDIAC VS SKELETAL MUSCLE
More sarcoplasm and mitochondria
Larger transverse tubules located at Z discs
Less welldeveloped SR
More Ca+2 enters cell from extracellular fluid
during contraction
Prolonged delivery of Ca+2 to sarcoplasm, produces
a contraction that last 10 15 times longer than in
skeletal muscle
PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
Contracts without stimulation
Contracts 75 times per min & needs lots O2
Larger mitochondria generate ATP aerobically
Sustained contraction possible due to slow Ca+2
delivery
Ca+2 channels to the extracellular fluid stay open
MUSCLE METABOLISM:
ENERGY FOR CONTRACTION
Muscle cells need to generate large amounts of
available energy during contractions
Muscle cells have three ways to produce ATP:
Aerobic cellular respiration
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Creatine phosphate
CARDIAC MUSCLE METABOLISM
CREATINE PHOSPHATE IN MUSCLE
CELLS
Resting muscle cells store excess energy in
creatine phosphate
During exercise cells can quickly replenish
their ATP supply using creatinephosphate
This supply of energy is only large enough for
short bursts of activity (about 15 seconds)
ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN
MUSCLE CELLS
For short time periods muscle cells can make ATP
by glycolysis alone
The pyruvate is converted into lactic acid and enters
the blood if there is no oksigen (anaerobic)
This source of ATP can only power muscle cells for
about 3040 seconds
KEPUSTAKAAN
Akar AR. Cardiac Physiology (IV). Ankara University
School of Medicine. Desember 2003. download 2011
Jenkins, Kemnitz, Tortora. Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue.
Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Son, inc.
download 2011
Cardiovascular System: Heart. download 2011
Chapter 6 Histology. download 2011
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle. download
2011
Khan R. Year I Tutorial: Musculoskeletal System.
download 2011.
Murray RK. Muscle & the cytoskeleton. In:Harper’s
Illustrated Biochemistry. 27th ed. pp 565587