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Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter has five parts: (1) Background of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem,
(3) Objectives of the Study, (4) Significance of the Study, (5) Scope and Delimitation of the
Part One, Background of the Study discusses the rationale of the study. Part Two,
Statement of the Problem. Part Three, Objectives of the Study. Part Four, Significance of the
Study, discusses the benefit that can be derived from the result of the study Part Five, Scope and
Delimitation of the Study, specifies the coverage and scope of the study. Part Six, Definition of
Terms, provides the conceptual and operational definitions of the important terms used in the
study.
Iloilo City also known as the “City of Love” made advancements concerning structural
outputs. As the innovation continues, Ilonggos never wondered where their rubbish are
discarded. Filipinos produce the average of 0.5kg to 0.3kg of garbage every single day. As of
2015, Iloilo City has the estimated population of 448 thousand which has only 1 dumpsite in
Barangay Calajunan that accommodates all the waste disposals. In fact there are residents living
nearby and within the said site. In addition this research concerns the effects of their environment
to their well-being and also on how they deal and adapt with it in their daily lives.
Currently, the Philippines is looming with garbage problems despite the passage of the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003. First quarter data from
the National Solid Waste Management Commission (2007) shows that there are 677 open
dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills in the country. An additional 307 dump sites
are subject for closure or rehabilitation plans but without definite schedules for enforcement.
About 215 additional landfills are being proposed to be set up nationwide. About 1000 open and
controlled dump sites exist in the country. Prominent dumps all over the country can be found in
Antipolo and Montalban in Rizal; Baguio City; Calapan, Mindoro Oriental; Carmen, Cagatayan
de Oro; Mandurriao, Iloilo City; Obando, Bulacan; and San Pedro, Laguna. Mismanagement of
waste has serious environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination, local
flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread of disease. Many of the disposal sites
contain infectious material, thus threatening sanitation workers and waste-pickers (Imagine Echo
Projects, 2008).
One of the widely used dump sites around the country in the Barangay Calajunan,
Mandurriao dump site wherein there are over 300 waste pickers who sort garbage for livelihood
believing that indeed there is cash in trash. Waste from various parts of the city are gathered and
dumped in this area. Some families of sanitation workers and waste pickers live nearby the
vicinity of the dump site and others within the dump site. Few houses are even built on top of the
mountain of garbage. Several health concerns can be associated with this condition. This study
was performed to know the quality of life of the residents near the dump site and how they cope
with their condition. The researcher conducted this research to the garbage pickers in different
age groups at Barangay CalajunanMandurriao, Iloilo to better understand their perception
The main problem of this study was, “What is the quality of life of the residences nearby
a. age,
b. sex,
c. civil status,
e. educational attainment
2. What is the quality of life of the residents in terms of physical health, psychological health,
social relationships, and environment when taken as a whole andgrouped according to profile?
3. What is the over-all quality of life of the residents when taken as a whole and grouped
according to profile?
4. What is the health satisfaction of the residents when taken as a whole and grouped according
to profile?
Objectives of the Study
a. age,
b. sex,
c. civil status,
e. educational attainment
2. Quality of life of the residents in terms of physical health, psychological health, social
3. Over-all quality of life of the when taken as a whole and group according to profile; and
4. Health satisfaction of the waste pickers when taken as a whole and grouped according to
profile.
Significance to Community
This study will raise awareness to the community of Iloilo City regarding on the
the quality of life in order to motivate them to seek medical assistance from government
these people since it would provide data and information they will be needing to know in
Significance to Government
This study could benefit the Government for this can be used in determining the
health concerns of the residents of Calajunan dumpsite and in turn, it could give suitable
measures for their sake. This will serve as a guide to the local government on what will
This study will serve as a guide to the present andfuture researches having
similar field by providing them vital information on the health condition of the people
CalajunanMandurriao. The respondents will be the locals who are living nearby the dump
site area. The participants will be ask through questionnaires and personal interview to
collect all the data and information needed. This research focuses on the health condition
of inhabitants with different ages of Brgy. Calajunan which mean this will also determine
the age, life style, number of population and also the source of their living. The
participants in the study includes only those local respondents who reside within the
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of this study, the key terms used where given their respective
Landfill
A system of trash and garbage disposal in which thewaste is buried between layers of
In this study, the landfill is the locale of the study. This is mostly where the researchers
Garbage
dump site and causes a lot of problems such as proper segregation, waste disposal and most
importantly, diseases.
Residents
needed for the study. The researchers would need their opinions according to their physical
Health Condition
In this study, the health condition of the participants would be key. The researchers will
take note of their given health condition, if residing near a dump site indeed has effects to a
person’s well-being.
Eudemonia
Defines right action as that which leads to the "well-being" of the individual, thus holding "well-
In this study, Eudemonia stands for the health condition of Brgy. Calajunan residents that
researchers seeking for. This is the main point of the study is to find this status of the residents.
Republic of the Philippines
ST. PAULS UNIVERSITY ILOILO
Gen. Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines
Senior High School – Grade 11
Chapter 2
organic and social ways. We can adapt to an extensive variety of temperature and stickiness.
When venturing out to high heights, our bodies change with the goal that our cells still get
adequate oxygen. We likewise are continually reacting in physiological approaches to our inner
and outer burdens, for example, bacterial and viral diseases, air and water pollution, dietary
This capacity to quickly adjust to fluctuating natural conditions has made it workable for
us to get by in many locales of the world. We live effectively in humid tropical forests, harsh
deserts, arctic wastelands, and even thickly populated urban communities with significant
measures of contamination. Most other creature and plant species are confined to one or
As far back as 1970s, there has been an exploration of developing assemblage of research
on natural life and lab creatures and epidemiological investigations of people. These
investigation shows that long haul introduction to different poisonous chemicals in the earth can
upset the body’s immune system, nervous system, and endocrine framework ( Miller, 2001).
Situation in Payatas “Smokey Mountain”
Manila, the capital city of the Philippines belongs to the 11 million inhabitants that
suffers from the same problem that affects cities with the same size as its all over the world;
poverty, crime and pollution. Pollution is one of the biggest problem of this said city, in
particular the garbage. For how many years the city’s garbage had been taken to the small
barangay of Payatas, where it is dumped openly. Local people call it "Smoky Mountain" in light
of the fact that the air is always thick with smoke from the burning; the stench is so solid, It's
living by rummaging through the waste and rescuing whatever can be sold as scrap or recyclable
material. The normal family gains about US$ 1 or 52.16 Pesos daily for this work. Which is
insufficient to nourish itself. There is even a neighbourhood group called The Scroungers'
Affiliation for the general population who live here, some portion of thePhilippines Homeless
People's Federation. Indeed, even Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo couldn't depict neediness
The homes themselves shouldn't generally be called homes — they are flimsy shacks in a
shanty town. The work is dangerous to the point that on July 10, 2000, a huge number of
individuals were caught when a gigantic avalanche of waste covered them in their shacks. The
avalanche cut down electrical cables which at that point added to a resulting inferno. More than
two hundred — numerous youngsters — passed on accordingly. Despite the fact that this episode
was the biggest calamity recorded at the site, comparative ones happen constantly. I was
informed that only two months previously I took these photos, twenty individuals were caught
when a trash pile close which they were working crumpled under its own particular weight over
them. All kicked the bucket. Indeed, even today the very burnable methane gas that scatters
continually from the deny represents a day by day danger to the general population who live and
Calajunan Dumpsite
Here in the Philippines, dumpsites are the biggest cause of water and air pollution. They
are big tracts of land where all the garbage collected from cities are taken. The garbage piled at
the dump sites create mountain that emits a kind of gas that contributes to the warming of the
The Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao dumpsite is a 23-hectare area with more than 300
waste pickers and 120 of them are registered and numbers of the United Calajunan Livelihood
Association (UCLA). According to statistics, Iloilo City is generating more than 170 tons of
garbage everyday from commercial establishments, residential area, shopping malls, markets and
the streets and all these garbage are dumped into this dump site. At this time, more than three
hectares of the abandoned old dump site area are already covered with soil and is reserved for the
establishment of an ecological park planted with trees and ornamental plants (Pendon, 2011).
Population Data Municipality of Iloilo City and still grows as time passes by. (Somo, 2015)
Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking contaminated or dirty water. Polluted water
can cause numerous sorts of diarrheal sicknesses, including Cholera, and different genuine
ailments, for example, Guinea worm disease, Typhoid, and Dysentery. Water related maladies
Air Contamination is a standout amongst the most widespread contamination and is one
of the inescapable ones. Being a regularly infesting medium and transporter, air can exchange the
toxins quick in the blink of an eye; making it relatively incomprehensible for any individual
taking in the contaminated air, to stay away from the disease. In spite of the fact that the poison
level, response to the toxins and invasion of the contamination based sicknesses in each
individual is extraordinary; the way that air contamination can effetely affect the human body
can just not be disregarded. Here are some diseases present when there is air pollution; Asthma,
lung cancer, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Leukaemia, Pneumonia and
Soil Contamination
salts, radioactive materials, chemicals or ailment causing operators in the dirt which influence
human, creature and plant well-being. Soil contamination is essentially a consequence of human
movement, for example, the utilization of pesticides like Atrazine, which is a famous weed killer,
and the age of undesirable mechanical waste like arsenic. Soil contamination changes the
structure of the dirt and makes a pathogenic soil condition, prompting the spread of illnesses like
cancer, kidney and liver diseases, brain and nerve damage, malaria, cholera and dysentery(
Jenny, 2010).
Tragically, life at this dumpsite is the main life a few offspring of Mwakirunge in Bamburi
Neighborhood Rights Program have known since birth. Conceived at the dumpsite, they need to
fight with dangerous exhaust and chemicals, cruel flames that are lit in an unstable endeavour to
decrease the heaping piles of rubbish, medicinal waste among different mixed drinks of waste.
Aside from the hazardous squander, both young men and young ladies living at the dumpsite are
left helpless against sedate sellers, attackers and the illusive appeal to an existence of picking
plastics and glass jugs to hawk to reusing plants for the sake of gaining a living. Suppers are
difficult to find here, so it is simpler to get with the gaining program than to organize tutoring.
There are no homes; just shacks set up together with sticks, polythene paper and container
Despite the fact that there have been consistent endeavours through ActionAid Kenya and
accomplices, for example, Sauti Ya Wanawake Ladies' Development (Rousing ladies these
ones!) to have the outdoors dumpsite moved, the landfill continues getting truck heaps of junk
An Urban World
A large portion of us live in urban communities and towns, and it is in these urban
settings that numerous answers for ecological problems must be found. Urban areas and towns
are expanding in size and spreading over the scene, once in a while disposing of important
Previously, the ecological activism typically focused on wild. Later on, in any case it
will be vital to centeron towns and urban communities as decent conditions and to create
agreement amongst modern and business exercises and the nature of urban situations.(Muna,
2015)
Quality of Life
their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in
relation in their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. The definitions reflects the view that
quality of life refers to a subjective evaluation which is embedded in a cultural, social and
environmental context. Because this definition of quality of life focuses upon respondent’s
perceived quality of life, it is not expected to provide a means of measuring in any detailed
fashion symptoms, diseases or conditions but rather the effects of disease and health
Calajunan is a barangay located in Mandurriao, Iloilo City that has a population of 4064 as of
2015. According to statistics, Iloilo City is generating more than 170 tons of garbage every day
from commercial establishments, residential area, shopping malls, markets and the street. All
these garbage are dumped into this dump site in Brgy. Calajunan which is very known, for it is
the only dumpsitethat exists herein Iloilo city. The residents who lived their whole life in the said
barangay, says that they already adapt their environment which affects their lifestyle and their
welfare. Based on the research of O’Neil (2014), he stated that human body adapts environment
which supported the fact mentioned by Miller (2001) that the longer person stays at a specific
place, their immune system will adapt and will become even stronger.
Because of the hazardous environment the people in Calajunan, It could affect the
welfare of the residents and can make them suffer from different diseases like pneumonia, lung
cancer, asthma and others based on the research of Jenny (2001). Based on the research of
Vestergaard( 2014) residents can also acquire different diseases from contaminated water for
example, Guinea Worm Disease, Typhoid, and Dysentery and etc. Soil contamination can also
affect them, given that; it is lack of planting sites. If it’s not contaminated we can truly say that
their life could be even more better , where they can plant their own food such as vegetables and
fruits, but unfortunately they can’t do that due to the soil condition which became acidic since
Based on Muna (2016) the quality of life of these people is so poor due to
thedangerous and uncomfortable environment, social class and cultural context. Some of the
residents of this said dumpsite use rubbish as their livelihood. There are no homes; just shacks
set up together with sticks, polythene paper and container sheets. It’s also hard for them to find
supper here, so sometimes they even missed to eat 3 times a day which can truly affect their
health.
Different toxics and chemicals are released in this place as they call it as home. Based on
the facts stated by India (2017) it was stated that the air pollution is more crucial than other
pollution for it stands out amongst the most widespread contamination and is one of the
inescapable ones. Even a blink on an eye, simple exhale of an air can exchange the toxins;
making it relatively incomprehensible for any individual taking in the contaminated air, to stay
away from the disease. If this persists it could lead to some pulmonary diseases such as Asthma,
lung cancer, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), Leukaemia, Pneumonia and
others.
In relation to our title “Eudemonia of the Residence of Barangay Calajunan” these different
literatures were able to discuss related topics about our research which helps us to understand
especially in clarifying vague points about the topic. It guides us also in locating more sources of
related information that helps researchers to formulate the specific questions to be research on.
Having these related literature help us in making our research more reliable as it help us in
making comparison between the previous findings of the previous researchers having similar
studies which is a big contribution to the study to fund knowledge not only for us researchers but
References
https://medium.com/@auzairind/10-most-common-diseases-caused-by-air-pollution
https://healthyliving .azcentral.com/diseases-caused-by-soil-pollution-12287109.html
Miller, N (2001) How The Body Adapts To Its Environment . Retrieved from
http://tracking.revimedia.com/aff_r?offer_id=2931&aff_id=6377&url=http%3A%2F%
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814001876
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/104KAFN1dcwemnZosub2Nj0NhykyO2BSrt
http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/the-importance-of-health-fitness
https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/diseases-caused-by-water-pollution-12287109.html
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/oct/06/smelly-contaminated-
Chapter 3
Methodology
This chapter presents the methods and processes employed in conducting the study. It is
divided into three parts: (1) Purpose of the Study and Research Method, (2) Methodology and,
(3) Process.
Part one, Purpose of the Study, reaffirms the research Purpose; explains the Research
method used; classifies the sources of data and the processes in obtaining the data.
Part two, Methodology, discusses briefly the methods and techniques of gathering the
information.
Part three, Process restates the purpose; enumerates the materials used in the study; and
discusses the steps in formulating the clear and original study in method.
This study aims to know the quality of life of the residences nearby and within the
Know how the residents cope up with everyday life given that they reside near a
dumpsite
This study used descriptive-qualitative study research design to describe the quality of
life of those residing near and within the Calajunan, Mandurriao dumpsite. The profile of the
respondents and the perception of the waste pickers regarding their health, living condition and
The participants will be the residents nearby and within the dumpsite of Baranggay
Calajunan, Mandurriao. 20 participants who were the only ones available on the day of the study.
Participants
participants/respondents of this study. The researcher will gather information through interview.
There are sixty (20) respondents all in all. The survey will consist of 20 residents in total,
ten (10) residents residing nearby the dumpsite, ten (10) residents residing within the dumpsite.
Instruments
For the interview, lists of questions are going to be formulated regarding their well-being
to be answered by 20 residents. This study is done through interview. This study employed the
interviews were conducted. Other information are taken from books, journals, news articles, and
the internet. This method had provided this study the information needed in concluding the
results. The Conceptual Literature about crimes and detainees were taken from primary sources
gathered through survey and interview, while secondary sources were also used such as books,
Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo. The main purpose of the study was to know the eudemonia of the
residents of Barangay Calajunan, Mandurriao Iloilo. This descriptive study aimed to produce
results about the relationship of the Calajunan dumpsite to the people residing near it. First and
foremost, researchers will ask permission to conduct the study from people of authority in St.
Paul University Iloilo through a letter. The researchers will then prepare the materials that are
needed to conduct the study in order to gather the data that were needed. The interviews are
For qualitative data, one on one interviews of twenty (20) residents are going to be
conducted.