1.
Introduction
In this experiment, four things were
given importance. These are work, power,
energy, and conservation of energy.
First, work, in physics, is the measure
of energy transfer that occurs when an object
is moved over a distance by an external force
at least part of which is applied in the
direction of the displacement. No work is
done unless the object is displaced in some
way and there is a component of the force
along the path over which the object is
moved. Holding a heavy object stationary
does not transfer energy to it because there is
no displacement. The units in which work is
expressed are joules (J), erg, and foot-pound
in the English system.
Second, power is the time rate of
doing work or delivering energy, expressible
as the amount of work done divided by the
time interval. The higher the rate at which
work is done, the faster the work is done, and
at the same time the faster the energy is used
up. The units in which power is expressed is
the joule per second (J/s), also known as the
watt (W) in honor of James watt, the
eighteenth-century developer of the steam
engine condenser.
Third, energy is defined as the
capacity of doing work. It may exist in
potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical,
chemical, nuclear, and other various forms.
All forms of energy are associated with
motion. Any given body has kinetic energy if
it is in motion and a tensioned device such as
bow or spring, though at rest, has the
potential for creating motion, thus, it contains
potential energy because is results from the
configuration of subatomic particles in the
nucleus of an atom.
Lastly, the principle of the
conservation of mechanical energy states that
the total mechanical energy in the system
remains constant as long as the only forces
acting are conservative forces.
This experiment aims to demonstrate
conservation of mechanical energy, to
measure change in kinetic and potential
energies as a ball moves in free fall, and to
determine the power output when going up
and downstairs.
2. Theory
In activity 1, in order to determine the
work done by gravity on each member when
going up and going down and the power
output of each member of the group we made
use of the following formulas:
W= F  d  cos
Weight = mass  g = Fg
Wg = -Fg  h (going up)
Wg = Fg  h (going down)
Ps = Fg  h (going up)
t
Ps = -Fg  h (going down)
t
For work, F is the force magnitude, d is the
displacement magnitude and cos as the
angle between F and d vectors whereas to get
the work done by gravity for going up and
going down, Fg is the weight in kg multiplied
by 9.8m/s2. Negative sign for going up
because we are exerting much work when
going up than when we are going down.
Lastly, the power (Ps) was deteremined by
just dividing the work (Wg) by time (t).
In activity 2, sketch and predicted
graph of kinetic and potential energy versus
time of a ball thrown vertically were
determined by the use of logger pro.
KE = ½ mv2 = ½ m (v = -gt)2
V = Vo – gt
PE = mgh = mg (Yo+Vot-1/2at2)
y = h = Yo+Vot+1/2gt2
Both KE and PE equations will give a
parabola shape when plotted where the
maximum height of PE will look like this 
while the maximum height of KE is will show
like this .
Reference:
https://www.britannica.com/science/work-
physics

https://www.britannica.com/science/energ
y