Materials

 All plastics can be grouped into two types namely.

 Thermoplastic

 Thermosetting

 1] Thermoplastic plastic:-

 Malarial: PVC. ARS. Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyethylene, etc,

 1] They can be resoftened & remold by application of heat & pressure. They retain their
plasticity at high temperature, i .e. they can be repeatedly softened by heal & harden

 By cooling. They are comparatively softer & less s stronger

Long chain molecules:

 The molecules of thermoplastics are in lines or long chums with very few entanglements When
heal is applied the molecules move apart, which increases the distance between them,

 This allows them to become soft when heated so that they can be bent into all sorts of shapes.
THROMOPLASTIC PROCESS DIG
4. TYPES OF WELD JOINT
HOT PLATE WELDING
5.2] HOT GAS WELDING
Principle of operation

 Hot gas welding is a technique which basically consists of using a stream of hot gas to soften
both filler rod and parement

 The tacky surfaces bond together under pressure of shoe

Working of plastic welding rod:-

 A welding gun must be used to weld with hot gas .the hot gas travels through

 The gun, is heated by electric within the gun, and streamed over the area to be welded. Once
the plastic begins to melt, the pieces are joined together.

HOT GAS WELDING

5.31 ULTRASONIC WELDING
 Principle of ultrasonic welding

 The principle of ultrasonic welding is using the ultrasonic frequency oscillation 1o produce
oscillation energy at approx 20,000 times oscillation per second to the work pieces, while the
molecules will be melted to make a firm welding

TYPES OF JOINTS

ADVANTAGES
  1] Hot plate welding:-

 A] cost effective

 B] Large batch size is possible

 C] Suited for thermoplastic (soft material)

 D] No electrical filed

 E] Strong bond

 2] Hot gas welding

 A] Suitable for very large product

 B] No irrigating gases emitted

 C] Light in weight

 D] Independence of power supplies

 3] Ultrasonic welding:-

 A] High ultrasonic welding speeds are possible for material form 0.025.254mmthick

 B] Completely automatic systems can utilized.

 C] Malted polymer not exposed to open air

DISADVANTAGES

 1] Hot plate welding;-

 2] Hot gas welding-

 A] In this types of welding, quality depend on the operator.

 B] U is a slow process.

 C] Weld remains visible.

 D] Often a limited weld strength

 3] Ultrasonic welding:-

 A] Welding thermoplastic elastomers is problematic.

 B] Product is exposed to vibration during welding

  C] Restricted small and medium size parts.

APPLICATIONS

 The hotplate welding machine is widely applied to the production of car

 Lights, bumpers, washing machine balancer, vacuum cleaner, pallets, and etc

 The ultrasonic plastic welding machine can be applied to the manufacture of toys, house hold
products, and electronics. It also has various applications in electrical. Industry, automobile
industry and other industries