International Journal of Engineering and Techniques- Volume 4 Issue 3, May – June 2018

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Design of Micro strip Patch Antenna for L band

Anand A. Trikolikar1$, Mahesh A. Mainderkar2
1, 2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,
J.S.P.M’s, Imperial College of Engineering & Research, Wagholi, Pune, MS, India.

Abstract:
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in different communication applications like GPS, Wi-Max & WLAN. They
are having advantage like low weight & size, low cost, simple feeding techniques, possibility of linear & circular polarization,
duel frequency & dual polarization etc. In this paper a Rectangular shaped Microstrip patch antenna is designed, which is
operating in L (Long Wave) (1-2 GHz) band. Later on the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna is modified in S & E shaped
antenna. A comparison of rectangular, Z & E shaped patch antenna is also part of this paper.
Keywords — Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna, CPW feeding technique, Return loss, VSWR.

revolution in electronic circuit miniaturization and

I. INTRODUCTION
large-scale integration in 1970
The study on microstrip patch antennas has
made a great progress in the recent years.
Compared with the conventional antennas,
microstrip patch antennas have more advantages
and better prospects. In this era of next generation
networks we requirehigh data rate and size of
devices are getting smaller day by day. Microstrip
antennas (MSA) have characteristics like low cost
and low profile which proves their use in different Fig. 1: Structure of Microstrip patch antenna.
communication applications.
A Microstrip patch antenna consists of a
radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate
which has a ground plane on the other side and
overview of MSA shown in fig. 1. The patch is
generally made of conducting material such as
copper or gold and can take any possible shape
shown in fig. 2. The radiating patch and the feed
lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric
substrate. The EM waves fringing off the top patch
into the substrate and are radiated out into the air
after reflecting off the ground plane. For better Fig. 2: Common shape of patch of microstrip antenna.

antenna performance, a thick dielectric substrate
having a low dielectric constant is desirable since
this provides better efficiency, larger bandwidth and
better radiation.
The concept of microstrip antenna with
conducting patch on a ground plane separated by
dielectric substrate was undeveloped until the
After that many researcher have described the
radiation from the ground plane by a dielectric
substrate for different configurations. The early
work of Munson on micro strip antennas for use as
a low profile flush mounted antennas on rockets
and missiles showed that this was a practical
concept for use in many antenna system problems.
 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques- Volume 4 Issue 3, May – June 2018
Name X Y XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1

Various mathematical analysis models were

ANSOFT
-9.00 0.6000 -9.9785
m1 Curve Info
m2 0.8800 -13.8166 dB(S(w aveport1,w aveport1))
m3 1.7400 -10.0182 Setup1 : Sw eep

developed for this antenna and its applications were -10.00

m3

dB(S(waveport1,waveport1))
extended to many other fields. The micro strip -11.00

antennas are the present day antenna designer’s

-12.00

choice.
-13.00

m2

-14.00
0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00

II. ANTENNA DESIGN Fig. 4: Return Loss of Rectangular patch antenna.

Freq [GHz]

There are three essential parameters for design of

a rectangular microstrip Patch Antenna. Firstly, the
From above figure it indicate that antenna is
resonant frequency (f) of the antenna must be
resonating at 0.8* GHz (marker M2), & gain of
selected appropriately. The second important
antenna is shown in figure 5.
parameter of antenna is substrate thickness. The
height of dielectric substrate (h) of the microstrip
patch antenna with coaxial feed is to be used in S-
band range frequencies.Hence, the height of
dielectric substrate employed in this design of
antenna is h= 1.6mm. The third important
parameter of good antenna design is dielectric
substrate (ℇr). A thick dielectric substrate having
low dielectric constant is desirable. This provides
Fig. 5: Gain of Rectangular patch antenna.
better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better
radiation. The low value of dielectric constant
increases the fringing field at the patch periphery B) Design of Z shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna
and thus increases the radiated power lower quality
factor (Q). FR-4 Epoxy which has a dielectric
constant of 4.4 and loss tangent equal to 0.02 can be
used for antenna design.

A) Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

Fig. 6:Design of Z shaped patch antenna.

XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT

0.00 Curve Info
dB(S(w aveport1,w aveport1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
-5.00

m1 m4
d B (S (w a ve p o rt1 ,w a ve p o rt1 ))

-10.00
Fig. 3:Design of Rectangular patch antenna. Name X Y
-15.00 m1 1.2050 -9.9990
m2 1.3400 -21.6143
m3 1.5800 -33.0122
The geometry of antenna is as shown in -20.00 m4 1.7701 -9.9838 m2

above figure, the size of patch is 50*56 mm, and -25.00

substrate size is 75*100 mm. The obtained results -30.00

m3

are as shown in following figure. 4. -35.00

0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Freq [GHz]

Fig. 7: Return Loss of Z shaped patch antenna.

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 143

 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques- Volume 4 Issue 3, May – June 2018
The comparison between rectangular Z & E
shaped microstrip patch antenna shows that, highest
value of bandwidth can be obtained in case of
rectangular MSA. The gain of all above antennas is
lower, as there is always a trade-off present
between bandwidth & gain of MSA.

Fig. 8: Gain of Z shaped patch antenna IV. CONCLUSION

C) Design of E shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna In above paper a rectangular, Z & E shaped
microstrip patch antenna is designed using HFSS,
which are operated in L (1-2 GHz) band. The
technique used for antenna feeding is CPW feeding
technique. All above antennas are resonating in
between frequency of 1 & 2 GHz. The comparison
between above antennas shows that, we obtain
higher bandwidth using these antennas but lower
gain, as there is always tradeoff between gain &
Fig. 9:Design of E shaped patch antenna. bandwidth.
-4.00
XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1
Curve Inf o
ANSOFT

dB(S(w aveport1,w aveport1))

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
-6.00 Setup1 : Sw eep

-8.00
m1
The authors would like to acknowledge J.S.P.M’s,
d B(S(w avep ort1,wave port1 ))

m3
-10.00

-12.00

-14.00
Name
m1
m2
X Y
1.2000 -9.8668
1.3200 -20.3172
Imperial College of Engineering & Research,
-16.00
m3 1.4000 -10.4816
Wagholi, for supporting this research activity.
-18.00

m2
-20.00

-22.00
0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Freq [GHz]
1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
REFERENCES
Fig. 10: Return Loss of E shaped patch antenna.

1. Balanis C.A., “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”,

John Wiley & Sons. (2005).

2. James J. R. and Hall P. S., “Handbook of microstrip

antennas”, Peter Peregrinus, London, UK (1989).

Fig. 11: Gain of E shaped patch antenna

3. TruptiIngale, A. A. Trikolikar, GunjanRathore, P. C.
Latane, “Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch
III. COMPARISON BETWEEN RECTANGULAR, Z Antenna”, IJIRSET, vol.4, Issuee.1. (2015).
& E SHAPED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

Parameter Rectangular Z shaped E shaped 4. Nita Kalambe, Prof. Dhruv Thakur, Prof. Shubhankar
MSA MSA MSA Paul, “Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using
UWBfor Wireless Communication Devices”, IJCSMC,
Resonant 0.88 GHz 1.58 GHz & 1.32 GHz vol.4, Issuee.1. (2015).
Frequency 1.77 GHz
Bandwidth 2.14 GHz 0.57 GHz 0.20 GHz
5. NehaParmar, Manish Saxena, KrishnkantNayak, “Review
Gain 0.11 dB 0.08 dB 0.02 dB of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX
Application”, IJERA, vol.4, Issuee.1 (2014).

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 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques- Volume 4 Issue 3, May – June 2018

6. Meenu Sharma, Sandeep Kumar Agrawal, “A Review on
Rectangular Patch Antenna with Symmetric Slot for
WLAN Applications”, IJIREEIE, vol.5, Issuee-4, (2016)
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(2014).
8. GurpreetKaur, Sonia Goyal, “A Review- Microstrip Patch
Antenna Design”, IOSR-JECE, Special Issue, (2016).
9. M. Challal, Arab Azrar&MokraneDehmas, “Rectangular
Patch Antenna Performance Improvement Employing
Slotted Rectangular Shaped for WLAN Applications,
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10. AlakMajumder, “Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
using Coaxial Probe Feeding Technique to Operate in S-
Band”, International Journal of Engineering Trends &
Technology, Vol.4, Issue 4, 2013, pp.1206-1210.

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