(a)

Draw the T-s diagram for the Rankine cycle that has both open feedwater and a closed
feedwater, with its drains cascaded backwards towards the condenser as seen in the figure.
The actual states are not known at present.

Obtain the specific enthalpy and specific entropy of water at turbine entrance at 20 MPa
and 600C from the appendix table A.8, “Properties of Superheated water vapor”,
h1  3537.6 kJ kg
s1  6.5048kJ kg  K

Obtain the specific enthalpy at state 2 (extraction towards open feedwater heater) at a
pressure of 2 MPa and a specific entropy of 6.5048 kJ kg  K from the appendix table A.8,
“Properties of Superheated water vapor”. Use linear interpolation to calculate the value.
h2  2881kJ kg

Obtain the specific enthalpy at state 3 (extraction towards closed feed water heater) at a
pressure of 500 kPa and specific entropy of 6.5048 kJ kg  K from the appendix table A.7,
“Properties of Saturated water tables”.
h3  2614 kJ kg

Obtain the specific enthalpy at state 4 at a pressure of 15 kPa and specific entropy of 6.5048
kJ kg  K from EES software,
h4  2107 kJ kg

State 5 is a saturated liquid at 15 kPa. Obtain the specific enthalpy and specific entropy of
water at a pressure of 15 kPa from the appendix table A.7, “Properties of Saturated water
tables”. Take average of property values at 14 and 16 kPa from the table A.7
h5  225.75 kJ kg
s5  0.7542 kJ kgK

Obtain the specific enthalpy at state 6 of pressure 2 MPa and a specific entropy of 0.7542
kJ kg  K from EES software,
h6  227.7 kJ kg

Obtain the specific enthalpy of state 7 at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 150C
from EES software.
h7  632.3kJ kg

Obtain the specific enthalpy and specific entropy of state 9 as saturated liquid at 2 MPa
from the appendix table A.7, “Properties of Saturated water”.
h9  908.8 kJ kg
s9  2.4478 kJ kgK

Obtain the specific enthalpy at state 10 at a pressure of 20 MPa and specific entropy of
2.4478 kJ kg  K from EES software,
h10  930.1kJ kg

Let a be the fraction of mass extracted to the open feedwater and b be the fraction of mass
extracted to the closed feed water.

Calculate the mass fraction a by using the equation (7.22) for the open feedwater heater,
ah2  1  a  h6  h9
Substitute 227.7 kJ kg for h6 , 908.8kJ kg for h9 and 2881kJ kg for h2 .
a  2881  1  a  227.7  908.8
 a  0.2567
Therefore, the fraction of mass extracted for open feedwater heater is 25.67% .

Apply the energy balance equation for the closed feedwater,

b  h3  h7   1  a  h9  h6 
Substitute 227.7 kJ kg for h6 , 632.3kJ kg for h7 , 908.8kJ kg for h9 and 2614 kJ kg for
h3 and 0.2567 for a .
b  2614  632.3  1  0.2567  908.8  227.7 
b  0.2555

Therefore, the fraction of mass extracted for closed feedwater heater is 25.55% .

Calculate the work done by the turbine using the equation,

Wt  m  h1  h2   1  a  m  h2  h3   1  a  b  m  h3  h4 
Here, m is the mass flow rate of water.
Substitute 200 kg s for m, 0.2567 for a, 0.2555 for b, 3537.6 kJ kg for h1 , 2881kJ kg
for h2 , 2614 kJ kg for h3 and 2107 kJ kg for h4 .
200  3537.6  2881  1  0.2567   200   2881  2614  
 
Wt   
 1  0.2567  0.2555  200  2614  2107 
 

 220475.14 kW

Calculate the pump work using the equation,

Wp  m 1  a  h5  h6    h9  h10  
Substitute 0.2567 for a, 225.75kJ kg for h5 , 227.7 kJ kg for h6 , 908.8kJ kg for h9 and
930.1kJ kg for h10 .
Wp  200 1  0.2567  225.75  227.7    908.8  930.1 
 4549.89 kW

Calculate the net work developed using the equation,

Wnet  Wp  Wt
Substitute 220475.14 kW for Wt and  4549.89 kW for Wp .
Wnet  220475.14  4549.89
 215925.25 kW
Therefore, the net power developed in the cycle is 215925.25 kW .

Calculate the heat input using the equation,

Qin  m  h1  h10 
Substitute 200 kg s for m, 3537.6 kJ kg for h1 and 930.1kJ kg for h10 .
Qin  200  3537.6  930.1
 521500 kW
Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle using the equation,
W
th  net
Qin
Substitute 521500 kW for Qin and 215925.25 kW for Wnet .
215925.25
th 
521500
 41.4%
Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the cycle is 41.4% .

(b)

Draw the T-s diagram for the non-ideal Rankine cycle with one open feed water heater and
one closed feed water as seen in the figure. The actual states are not known at present.

The properties calculated for the cycle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 remains same for the
cycle at states 1, 2s, 3s, 4s, 5, 6s, 7, 9 and 10s respectively.
h1  3537.6 kJ kg
h2 s  2881kJ kg
h3 s  2614 kJ kg
h4 s  2107 kJ kg
h5  225.75 kJ kg
h6 s  227.7 kJ kg
h7  632.3kJ kg
h9  908.8 kJ kg
h10 s  930.1kJ kg
Calculate the enthalpy at state 2 using the isentropic efficiency equation,
h2  h1   h1  h2s   nturbine
Substitute 3537.6 kJ kg for h1 , 2881kJ kg for h2 s and 0.8 for turbine .
h2  3537.6   3537.6  2881  0.8
 3012.32 kJ kg

Calculate the enthalpy at state 3 using the isentropic efficiency equation,

h3  h1   h1  h3s   nturbine
Substitute 3537.6 kJ kg for h1 , 2614 kJ kg for h3s and 0.8 for turbine .
h3  3537.6   3537.6  2614   0.8
 2798.72 kJ kg

Calculate the enthalpy at state 4 using the isentropic efficiency equation,

h4  h1   h1  h4s   nturbine
Substitute 3537.6 kJ kg for h1 , 2107 kJ kg for h4 s and 0.8 for turbine .
h4  3537.6   3537.6  2107   0.8
 2393.12 kJ kg

Calculate the enthalpy at state 6 using the isentropic pump efficiency equation,
h  h 
h6  h5  6 s 5
 pump
Substitute 225.75 kJ kg for h5 , 227.7 kJ kg for h6 s and 0.8 for  pump .

h6  225.75 
 227.7  225.75
0.8
 228.19 kJ kg

Calculate the enthalpy at state 10 using the isentropic pump efficiency equation,
h  h 
h10  h9  10 s 9
 pump
Substitute 908.8 kJ kg for h9 , 930.1kJ kg for h10 s and 0.8 for  pump .

h10  908.8 
 930.1  908.8
0.8
 935.42 kJ kg

Calculate the mass fraction a by using the equation (7.22) for the open feedwater heater,
ah2  1  a  h6  h9
Substitute 228.19 kJ kg for h6 , 908.8kJ kg for h9 and 3012.32 kJ kg for h2 .
a  3012.32  1  a  228.19  908.8
 a  0.2445
Therefore, the fraction of mass extracted for open feedwater heater is 24.45% .

Apply the energy balance equation for the closed feedwater,

b  h3  h7   1  a  h9  h6 
Substitute 228.19 kJ kg for h6 , 632.3kJ kg for h7 , 908.8kJ kg for h9 and 2798.72 kJ kg
for h3 and 0.2445 for a .
b  2798.72  632.3  1  0.2445  908.8  228.19 
b  0.2373

Therefore, the fraction of mass extracted for closed feedwater heater is 23.73% .

Calculate the work done by the turbine using the equation,

Wt  m  h1  h2   1  a  m  h2  h3   1  a  b  m  h3  h4 
Here, m is the mass flow rate of water.
Substitute 200 kg s for m, 0.2445 for a, 0.2373 for b, 3537.6 kJ kg for h1 , 3012.3kJ kg
for h2 , 2798.72 kJ kg for h3 and 2393.12 kJ kg for h4 .
200  3537.6  3012.32   1  0.2445  200   3012.32  2798.72 
 
Wt   
 1  0.2445  0.2373  200  2798.72  2393.12 
 

 179367.34 kW

Calculate the pump work using the equation,

Wp  m 1  a  h5  h6    h9  h10  
Substitute 0.2445 for a, 225.75kJ kg for h5 , 228.19 kJ kg for h6 , 908.8kJ kg for h9 and
935.42 kJ kg for h10 .
Wp  200 1  0.2445 225.75  228.19    908.8  935.42  
 5692.68 kW

Calculate the net work developed using the equation,

Wnet  Wp  Wt
Substitute 179367.34 kW for Wt and  5692.68 kW for Wp .
Wnet  179367.34  5692.68
 173674.66 kW
Therefore, the net power developed in the cycle is 173674.66 kW .
Calculate the heat input using the equation,
Qin  m  h1  h10 
Substitute 200kg s for m, 3537.6kJ kg for h1 and 935.42kJ kg for h10 .
Qin  200  3537.6  935.42 
 520436 kW
Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle using the equation,
W
th  net
Qin
Substitute 520436 kW for Qin and 173674.66 kW for Wnet .
173674.66
th 
520436
 33.37%
Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the cycle is 33.37% .