School of Architecture, Buildings and Design

Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture

Building Technology 1 [BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512]

Project 2: Construction Solutions

Seow Koji Takehira 0320816

Tutor: Mr. Rizal
Table of Content

1. Introduction

2. Precedent Studies
- Roof Systems
- Facade Systems
- Structural Systems

3. Facade Design Schemes

4. Sectional Perspective

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Introduction : South Klang Community Library

Requirements

Location: Jalan Besar, South Klang Shophouses

Area: 1200 - 1300 sqm
Floors: 3- 5 Storeys

Project Brief

Students will concentrate on designing a community library within an urban infill site. The design of
the building is to consist of appropriate architectural responses that address the aspects of the urban
street context and user behavioural patterns as discerned and analysed in the Preliminary Studies.
Apart from developing a narrative on architectural strategy in response to the relevant questions
pertaining to community and its context, the design should take into consideration a holistic
application of structural, spatial, functional and environmental requirements to address the user
needs for a community library. The design development of this project will include an introduction to
the legislative restrictions that impact an architectural scheme, the integration of lighting and
acoustic design, as well as the design exploration and detailing of the façade and building envelopes
that is coherent with the architectural language of the overall design project

Design Approach

The idea of the library is known as a place to store data in the form of books, serves as a pragmatic
function within the urban context. The data itself would require an observer, which unfolds the data
to convert in the form of knowledge, which is an abstract concept, without formality that validates the
converted data depending on the observer. It is uncertain, subjective and it is perceivable, yet it is still
real.

To question the fact, could the former library perceived differently by different users as similar to the
behavior of understanding a book? Could it be rather subjective and not objective to be seen just as a
library?

The design of the facade will emphasize on blurring the user’s perception, where the facade openings,
and its material will be considered to be permeable and structural element would be exposed to
portray as the community of Klang, which supports the underlying fragmentation issues of Klang that
hopes people could once rejuvenate the glory of old days in Klang.

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Precedent Studies : Roof System
Towada City Plaza, Japan (Kengo Kuma & Associates)

Introduction
Construction Method and Detailing
The Towada City Plaza community centre by Kengo Kuma
1. The steel rafter are installed at first on to structural beams
& Associates is situated in Towada, a city in Japan's Aomori
where additional beams are present to support the rafter from
Prefecture. The timber-framed building has a steel roof
toppling.
featuring multiple pitches that give it a zigzagging outline.
2. C- Channel Purlins are then attached to the rafter to support
the roofing material.
3. Each pitch of roof are connected to one and another by similar
Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice
method to complete the “zig zag” effect.

1. Combination of Pitch roof to suite tropical climate

for roof water drainage. Materiality
2. Maintaining roof scape with surrounding
environment.
3. Steel construction allows longer spans of beams
which reduces the needs of additional columns. Detail B

Advantage Disadvantage

1. Suitable for tropical climate 1. High chances of water leaks

2. Durable with complex arrangement
3. Light weight 2. High Maintenance Cost
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 Precedent Studies : Facade System 1 (Expanded Metal)
New Art Museum, New York (Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA)

Introduction Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice

Wanting to be a light and clean object in the massive
Manhattan cityscape, the materials and the façade 1.
appearance play a relevant role. The choice of a layer of
anodized aluminium mesh on top of the white walls is not 2.
new and unknown to most of architects. But in the Museum
it is used as a wrapped skin on all vertical surfaces, as a 3.
continuous blurring layer, that gives different light
reflections and hides the offices windows, doors and
balustrades of the terraces. The result is an elegant, light Construction Method and Detailing
and white succession of surfaces, without any interruption
or contamination by other elements: a semi-transparent
1.
dress for the shifting body of the building.
2.
Materiality
3.
Provides visual permeability where activity as an
attraction.
Eco friendly as it doesn’t require energy as an active
facade.
Materiality: Provides subtle contrast with the site
where it is filled with heavy ornamentation.
A Three-part construction system involving steel
framing system, steel studs and the expanded metal.
Steel Studs installed on to the steel structural
system.
L shaped Bended flat bar are welded on steel studs,
where expanded metal are bolted and fixed on the
bended flat bar.

Advantage Disadvantage

1. Strength to Weight Ratio 1. Unable to control flow of light

Expanded Metal SteelStuds 2. Filtrates flow of sunlight 2. Requires additional “skin” to weatherproof
3. Visual Permeability interior 5
4. Lightweight construction 3. Rain and Air Pollution flow within interior
Precedent Studies : Facade System (Expanded Metal) Contd.
Types of Expanded and other Perforated metal

Size of Openings and Shapes Patterns and Texture

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 Precedent Studies : Facade System 2 (Double Skin+Expanded Metal)
MRI Research Centre, Germany (GLASS KRAMER ROBBERT)

Introduction Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice

The cubic structure receives its special external effect
through an imagined envelope made of perforated
expanded metal, which enables a problem-free air supply
and also supplies the working areas with uniformly filtered
light. The facade elements can be opened individually to
ensure a direct exchange between indoor and outdoor
space; When they are closed, the building unfolds its full
sculptural effect and seems to lie behind a veil. From the
inside, the case still allows an unrestricted view of the
outdoors.
Materiality
1. Usage of expanded metal with double skin system act as a filter
which reduces glare issues within interior of building to prevent
discomfort in reading for library.
2. Suitable for tropical climate as air that contains heat in the cavity
released by stack effect
Construction Method and Detailing
1. A two-part construction system where it involves the attachment of
expanded metal facade system and the structural system
2. The installed expanded metal facade system will be fixed on welded
steel plates with bolts on cantilevered beam.
3. The cantilevered beam will be supported steel columns by welding.

Advantage Disadvantage
Expanded Metal SteelStuds
1. Stack Effect 1. Unable to control flow of light.
2. Natural Ventilation 2. Requires additional “skin” to weatherproof
3. Additional Security interior.
3. Rain and Air Pollution flow within interior 7
 Precedent Studies : Steel Framing System + Composite Steel Decking
Ebisu SA Complex, Japan (CAt)

Introduction
Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice

The Ebisu SA Complex is designed for the Christianity Army

1. Fast construction ensures minimal disruption to the site as
Shibuya Platoon in a Commercial Area. The project intends
Jalan Besar is filled with heavy crowd and traffic
to incorporate green facade as a choice due to its position
2. Steel can be prefabricated in factory and delivered on site for
facing the south. It uses industrialised system such as steel
assembly.
framing system and composing metal decking to reduce the
3. Usage of Composite Metal Decking to reduce the slab thickness,
structural load and construction time.
and time required for the concrete to settle.

Materiality Construction Method and Detailing

1. The systems involves steel columns, beams and girder as well as

composite metal deck.
2. The steel deck are placed on the beams at first and secured with
shear studs to ensure it is fixed with the structure.
3. After that, reinforcement bar are placed and pre-mixed concrete
are poured on site.

Advantage Disadvantage

1. Fast Construction 1. Cost may fluctuate according to

2. Cost Effective transportation method
3. Greater control of Quality 2. Requires high-skilled labourer 8
Facade Design Scheme 1 : Openings
Some panels of expanded metals are removed to create a “window” to allow pedestrian to peak within interior.

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Facade Design Scheme 1 : Openings

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Facade Design Scheme 1 : Combination
Usage of Perforated Metal are present where fixation method is are as same as expanded metal

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Facade Design Scheme 1 : Combination

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Sectional Perspective : Roof Level

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Sectional Perspective : Ground Level

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