Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1. This appendix consists of three tables that all employ Bachman and Palmers’ (1996: 49-50) framework
2. Appendix Two provide the detailed explanation of each label in the tables.
3. As indicated in 2.2 and 3.2, this appendix includes three tables. The first one is a table that deconstructs the salient features of three samples genuine
academic lectures (from Yale Online Lectures Programme), which are retrieved from the following URL:
http://open.163.com/movie/2009/9/C/A/M71QJQ2MQ_M71QK9JCA.html
http://open.163.com/movie/2010/3/5/Q/M7OTJK3C3_M7OTLPO5Q.html
http://open.163.com/movie/2010/5/D/K/M6GGHJIVC_M6GGO8NDK.html
The information collected in the three table is based on my observation and subjective interpretation of the three samples of genuine academic lectures
4. The second table and the third table employ the same framework to deconstruct the salient features of the test tasks collected from the TOELF samples
5. The information collected from the first table will be employed as the foundation, by which a comparison can be made between the foundation and the
Structure The boundaries for the six recordings in the TOEFL listening test is distinguishable. In one
set of TOEFL, there are 34 question items (six question items per lecture and five question
items per conversation) in the listening section. In other words, only 24 question items
for academic lectures. Each question is of equal importance, and the order of the 34
question items are fixed (to be precisely, the order of the six recordings is fixed). All the
question items are provided to the candidates after the recordings play.
Time of allotment The time allotted for the candidates to answer the question items is adequate. The
candidates are given time to recall the information of the recordings they hear to answer
the questions.
Scoring method All the question items in the TOEFL listening test are closed questions (The answer for
each question item is provided for the examiners. Each piece of answer sheet is measured
by machine. The official organisation of TOEFL provides the detailed explanation of
criteria of measurement.
Transcript One