word or phrase part of spee

analyse verb

analysis noun

analytical adjective
avoid verb
avoidable adjective

avoidance noun

certain adjective

certainty noun

communicate verb

communication noun

communicative adjective
compete verb

competition noun

competitive adjective

competitor noun
uncertain adjective

uncertainty noun

valuable adjective
value verb
value noun
valued adjective

business cards noun plural

business people noun plural

corporate culture noun

corporate identity noun

cultural differences noun plural

cultural similarity noun

foreign country noun
global company noun

host country noun

local culture noun

multinational company noun

multinational team noun
parent company noun

relocation package noun

design verb
design noun

develop verb
development noun
discover verb

discovery noun

innovate verb

innovation noun

innovation noun

invent verb

invention noun
achievement noun

advancement noun

aggressive manager noun

annual leave noun

bureaucracy noun

company policy noun

good results noun plural

hygiene noun

low pay noun

manage a team phrase

motivator noun

motivation noun

new skills noun plural

praise verb

praise noun

promotion noun
recognition noun
responsibility noun

responsibility noun
rude colleagues noun plural

supervision noun
support verb

support noun

work conditions noun plural

a few phrase
a great deal of phrase
a huge amount of phrase
a large number of phrase
a little phrase
a little phrase
a lot of phrase

many determiner/pro
much determiner
several determiner/pro

appraisal system noun

bonus noun
career opportunities noun plural

commission noun

effort-reward balance noun

flexitime noun

fringe benefits noun plural

glass ceiling noun

mentoring system noun

open-plan office noun

salary noun
severance package noun

tip noun

tip noun

work-life balance noun

achievements noun plural

assessment noun

constructive feedback noun

realistic expectations noun plural

review verb

review noun

set goals and objectives phrase

supervise verb
take responsibility for phrase

advertise for new staff phrase

benefits packages noun plural

bring about change phrase

compensation for employees noun

develop staff abilities phrase

get the best work out of staff phrase

inform employees about developmentphrase

maintaining contacts with universities phrase

organisation development noun

organise inter-team / interdepartment phrase

performance management noun

recruit new staff phrase

set up system of employee reports phrase

support heads of department phrase

360-degree feedback noun

acumen noun
competencies noun plural
groom somebody verb
inadequate adjective
orientation noun

passion noun
proficient adjective
prospects noun plural

stakeholder noun
career prospects noun plural
attracted to a job phrase
make a decision phrase

interpersonal skills noun plural

take on responsibility phrase

strong points noun plural

handle a problem phrase

chain of command noun

conflict of interest noun

delegation of responsibility noun

division of labour noun

line manager noun

organise the company phrase

regional divisions noun plural

regional manager noun

responsibility for decision-making noun

accommodate verb

deployment noun

disperse verb

duplication noun

efficiency noun

handle verb
handle verb
implement verb

implement verb
arrange accommodation phrase
arrange meetings phrase

arrange training sessions phrase

attend meetings phrase

book accommodation phrase

enter data phrase
liaise with a manager phrase

liaise with a team phrase

liaise with business partners phrase

manage a budget phrase

manage a team phrase

maximise revenue phrase

report to a manager phrase
report to a team phrase

collaborate verb

collaboration noun

coordinate verb

coordination noun

create verb

create verb
creativity noun

delegate verb

delegate noun

delegation noun
direct verb
direction noun

innovate verb

innovation noun

innovation noun

agree on phrasal verb

confirm verb

describe to you in detail phrase

discuss verb

get assistance phrase

go over again phrase

let you know phrase

refresh your memory phrase

remind you verb

review verb
take you through phrasal verb

talk about phrasal verb

tell you phrasal verb
end users / consumers noun plural
e-tailers noun plural
manufacturers noun plural

retailers noun plural

suppliers noun plural

wholesalers noun plural

assemble verb
collect verb
deliver verb
reduce verb
supply verb
come up with phrasal verb

implement verb

involve verb
result in phrasal verb
and so conjunction
because conjunction

but conjunction

consequently adverb

furthermore adverb
in addition to that phrase
moreover adverb

not only ... but also phrase

therefore adverb

controllable variables noun plural

differentiate itself from the competitio phrase

end user noun

premium pricing strategy noun

target market noun

USP (Unique Selling Point) noun

commodity product noun

lifestyle product noun

niche noun

price sensitive adjective

profit margin noun

turnover noun

cost-effective adjective
exceed verb
perspective noun

resource verb
scope noun
sole trader noun

stress noun
wastage noun

customer service noun

cost-effective adjective

relationship-building noun

value-adding adjective

profit-sharing adjective

record-breaking adjective

loss-making adjective

loss-making adjective
problem-sharing adjective

product-making adjective

product-sharing adjective

product-pricing noun

B2B noun

B2C noun

B2G noun

C2C noun

G2B noun

cost of sales noun

creditors noun plural

debtors noun plural

expenses noun plural

gross profit noun

net profit noun

overdraft noun

reserves noun plural

turnover noun

administrative expenses noun plural

assets noun plural

heating and lighting noun

insurance noun
liabilities noun plural

stock (or inventory) noun

accurate adjective

an additional strain phrase

at severe risk phrase

cash cow noun

cash crisis noun

cash outlay noun

cash payment noun

cash problem noun
cash shortage noun
creditors noun plural
debtors noun plural

enormous chance noun

expenditure noun
extra money noun

in great danger phrase

income noun

more pressure noun

on time adjective/adver

outflow noun

owe money phrase

prompt adjective

decrease verb

decrease noun
fall verb
fall noun
fluctuate verb
increase verb
increase noun

jump verb
jump noun

level off phrasal verb

peak adjective
peak verb
plummet verb
plunge verb
recover verb
rise verb
rise noun
soar verb

buy shares phrase

carry out an investment appraisal phrase

earn interest phrase

invest in a portfolio phrase
receive a dividend phrase

analysis noun

analytical adjective
method noun

methodical adjective

model noun

strategic adjective

strategy noun

strength noun
strong adjective
weak adjective

weakness noun
anticipate verb

encourage verb

facilitate verb

lack verb

oversimplify verb

spot verb

undertake verb

a bit tricky phrase

closed-door approach noun

come up with phrasal verb
day in day out idiom

figure out phrase

go wrong phrase
mess up verb

sit down noun

switch quite a few people off phrase
do 60 km per hour phrase
do a course phrase
do badly phrase

do conference facilities phrase

do the accounts phrase

get a train phrase
get an email phrase

get angry/embarrassed phrase

get some office chairs phrase
get to the office phrase

have a chat phrase

have a cold phrase

have a good time phrase
have an email phrase
have lunch / a coffee phrase

be worth the time and money phrase

develop initiatives phrase

perform a health check phrase

put in place phrase
realise objectives phrase

spread good practices phrase

definition

to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it

the study of something in detail

relating to the careful or scientific examination of facts and information

to try not to do something, or to try to stay away from something
possible to avoid

the practice of avoiding something

having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true,
correct, exact or effective

the state of being completely confident or having no doubt about something

to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body or using
other signals
the process of sharing information, especially when this increases understanding
between people or groups

willing to talk to people and give them information

to try to be more successful than someone or something else
the situation in which people or businesses are trying to be more successful than each
other, for example by making more sales in a market

involving or encouraging competition

a person, product, company, etc. that is trying to compete with others, for example, by
trying to make bigger sales in a particular market
not known or fixed, or not completely certain

the feeling of not being sure what will happen in the future

very helpful or important

to consider something important or good
how good or useful something is in relation to its price
considered important or good

small cards that have your name, company name, and the job you do printed on them
people who work in business, especially people with an important position in a
company or people who own a company
the beliefs and ideas that a company has and the way in which they affect how it does
business and how its employees behave
the qualities of a company that make it different from other companies, and the
images, words, etc. that it uses to make itself familiar to its customers, for example in
its advertisements, on its letters, etc.
ways in which the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a society, a company, etc. are not
the same
ways in which the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a society, a company, etc. are
almost, but not exactly, the same
a country that is not your own
a large company that operates in many different countries

a country where a company that is based in another country has business activities
the beliefs and ideas from or connected with a particular area

a very large company that has offices, stores, etc. in many different countries but that
is controlled from the country where it was started. A company with a quarter or more
of its sales in other countries is considered to be a multinational
a team that is spread across several different countries
a company that owns one or more other companies
money that is paid by a company to its employees in order to help them with the costs
of moving to a different place to work
to make or draw plans for something that will be produced
the way in which something is planned and made

to invent something or bring something such as a product or service into existence

the process of creating something such as a new product or service
to find information, a place or an object, especially for the first time
the process of finding information, a place or an object, especially for the first time, or
the thing which is found

to develop a new design, product, idea, etc.

a new idea, design, product, etc.

the development of new products, designs, or ideas

to design or create something which has never been made or has never existed before
a product or a way of doing something which has never been made or never existed
before
something that a person, company, etc. has done or finished successfully

the process of improving your career, for example, by getting a more important
position within an organisation or by moving to another company for a better job

a manager who is forceful, competitive and determined to get what they want

a paid number of days each year that an employee is allowed to be away from work
complicated rules, processes, and written work that make it hard to get something
done
a set of ideas, or a plan of what to do in particular situations, that has been agreed
officially by a business organisation

successful achievements
used in Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory to describe factors that prevent
dissatisfaction
money received for doing a job which is below the usual or expected level or amount
compared to other jobs

to be in charge of and control a team

used in Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory to describe factors that create
satisfaction

the need or reason for doing something

particular abilities which are new that you develop through training and experience
and that are useful in a job
to express admiration or approval about the achievements or characteristics of a
person or thing

when you say or show your admiration and approval for someone or something

the process or fact of giving someone a higher or more important job

the act of praising or rewarding someone for something they have done
something that it is your job or duty to deal with

the things you are in charge of in your job

people that you work with who are offensive or embarrassing or not polite
the activity of managing a department, project, etc. and of making sure that things are
done correctly and according to the rules
to help someone, or offer help with something, when this is needed

practical help

the situation that someone works in

some, or a small number of something
a large amount of; much
an extremely large amount of
many
a small amount of something
slightly
a large amount or number of people or things

used mainly in negative sentences and questions to mean 'a large number of'
a large amount or to a large degree
some; an amount that is not exact but is fewer than many
a system for an employee and their manager to have meetings to discuss the
employee's progress, aims, and needs at work
an amount of money given to an employee in addition to their salary as a reward for
working well
chances to progress to a better job

a payment to someone who sells homes, products, investments, etc., which is directly
related to the amount they sell, or the practice of receiving these payments
the physical or mental activity you put into something compared with the advantage,
for example more money, you get from it

a system of working in which people work a particular number of hours within a fixed
period of time, but can change the time they start or finish work
extra things that are given to you by your employer in addition to your pay but are not
in the form of money
something that prevents someone from getting a more important position in their
organisation
a system for helping and giving advice to someone who has less experience that you,
especially in your job

a space in which people work, especially sitting at desks with computers, phones, etc.,
which has few or no walls inside, so it is not divided into smaller rooms
the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one
of the payments they receive each month as part of this
the pay and other advantages that an employee receives when their employment is
ended by the management

a useful piece of information or advice

an amount of money given by a customer to someone who has provided a service,
especially in a hotel or restaurant
the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you
spend with your family and doing things you enjoy
things that a person, company, etc. has done or finished successfully
the process of considering all the information about a situation or a person and
making a judgement
useful information about something such as a new product or someone's work, that
provides an idea of whether people like it or whether it is good, and is likely or
intended to improve it
what you believe will happen in the future, accepting things as they are in fact and not
making decisions based on unlikely hopes
to carefully examine a situation to find out whether changes or improvements need to
be made
the process of carefully examining a situation to find out whether changes or
improvements need to be made
decide what you want to achieve or what you want someone else to achieve over a
particular period
to manage a department, project, etc. and make sure that things are done correctly
and according to the rules
to accept something as your job or duty to deal with
to make it known that a job or work is available, by putting an advertisement in a
newspaper or on the Internet

a combination of advantages such as medical insurance, life insurance, and sick pay,
that employees receive from their employer in addition to money
to make change happen
the combination of payment and other benefits that employees receive for doing their
job
to grow or change into a more advanced form the powers or skills needed by
employees to do something

to have employees who make the greatest effort possible and do as well as they can

to tell staff about recent events

continuing to communicate regularly with people at universities, especially people in a
high position, who can give you useful information or introductions that will help you
at work

growth or changes in an organisation that make it become more advanced

make arrangements for meetings between teams / between departments

a system for judging how well employees are doing their jobs, their needs for training,
etc.
to employ new people to work for a company or organisation

to establish a system of written statements about employees' ability and performance

to help heads of department

information that someone gets regularly about how well they are doing their job from
each group of people they work with, for example their managers, the people they
manage, and sometimes also their customers
skill in making correct decisions and judgments in business or in a particular area of
business
the particular skills that you need to do a job well
to prepare someone for a special job or activity
too low in quality
training or preparation for a new job or activity
a very powerful feeling, for example of sexual attraction, love, hate, anger or other
emotion
very skilled and experienced at something
the possibility of being successful in the future
an employee, investor, customer, etc. who is involved in or buys from a business and
has an interest in its success
the possibility of being successful in your career in the future
interested in a job and wanting to do it
to decide something

abilities connected with relationships between people, that are useful in a job
to accept something that it is your job or duty to deal with

qualities that someone or something has that help them succeed or make progress
to deal with a situation, person or thing that needs attention and needs to be dealt
with or solved

the series of people who are involved in controlling someone and tell them what to do
a situation in which someone cannot make a fair decision because they will be
personally affected by the result

the act of giving a job or duty to someone else

a way of organising work, especially making things, so that it is done as a set of
separate processes by different people or groups

someone directly in charge of workers

to structure the company according to a particular system
parts of company that operate in a particular part of a country or a particular part of
the world
a manager who is responsible for a particular part of a country or a particular part of
the world

the job or duty of deciding things

to have or provide the space that someone or something needs

the use of something or someone, especially in order to achieve a particular effect

to spread across or move away over a large area, or to make something do this
the practice of doing the same thing more than once, or having more than one person
or thing to do the same task, when this is not necessary
a situation in which a person, company, factory, etc. uses resources such as time,
materials, or labour well, without wasting any

to deal with something difficult

to be responsible for organising or managing something or someone
to put a plan into action

to begin to use a new system

to plan, prepare, or organise a place in which to live, work, stay, etc.
to plan, prepare, or organise meetings
to plan, prepare, or organise lessons to teach the skills and knowledge for a particular
job or activity

to go to meetings

to arrange a room in a hotel, etc. for a particular time in the future

to put information into a computer
to work with a manager in order to exchange information with them

to work with a team in order to exchange information with them

to work with people or organisations you are closely involved with in some way, in
order to exchange information with them
to be in charge of and control an amount of money you are allowed to spend for a
particular purpose
to be in charge of and control a team
to make the amount of money that a company receives, especially from selling goods
or services, as large as possible
to work for a manager and be managed by them
to work for a team and be managed by them

to work together with another person or organisation for a particular purpose

the act of working together with other people or organisations to create or achieve
something
to organise all the different activities and people who are involved in something so
that it works effectively
the process of organising the different activities or people involved in something so
that they work together effectively

to make something new, especially to invent something

to form a new company, etc.

the production or use of original and unusual ideas

to give a particular job, duty, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you
a person who is chosen or elected by a group to speak or vote for it, especially at a
meeting

the act of giving a particular job, duty, etc. to someone else

to control or be in charge of an activity, organisation, etc.
control or instruction

to develop a new design, product, idea, etc.

a new idea, design, product, etc.

the development of new products, designs, or ideas

to have the same opinion, or to approve of someone else’s ideas and opinions
to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by phone or writing
to say to you or write to you about what someone or something is like, including all
the information about it or every part of it

to talk about a subject with someone and tell each other your ideas or opinions
to get help, especially money or resources that are given to people, countries, etc.
when they have experienced a difficult situation
to examine or look at something one more time in a careful or detailed way

to tell you something

to help you remember something

to make you think of something you have forgotten or might have forgotten
to carefully examine a situation to find out whether changes or improvements need to
be made
to explain something to you

to say things or speak to someone about

to say something to you, often giving you information or instructions
the people that use a product or service
businesses that use the Internet to sell their products
companies or countries that produce goods in large numbers
companies that sell goods to the public in stores and on the Internet, rather than to
stores, other businesses, etc.
companies that provide a product, or the materials to make a product
people or companies that sell goods to stores or other businesses, etc. rather than to
the public
to make something by joining separate parts together
to go to a place and bring something away from it
to take goods, letters, parcels, etc. to a place
to make something less in price, size, amount, etc.
to provide materials, or goods and services
to suggest or think of an idea or plan

to put a plan into action

to include someone or something in something, or to make them take part in or feel
part of it
to cause a particular situation to happen
and for that reason; therefore
for the reason that
used to introduce an added statement, usually something that is different from what
you have said before

as a result

in addition; more importantly

as well as that
(used to add information) also and more importantly
used to say that two related things are true or happened, especially when this is
surprising or shocking
for that reason

numbers, amounts, or situations that can be directly influenced or controlled

to show how it is different from the people or businesses who are competing with it in
a particular market, and what its advantages are, especially in order to attract a
particular group of consumers

the person or organisation that uses a product or service

the strategy of setting a high price for something in order to create the perception that
it is of high quality

the group of people that a company wants to sell its products or services to
abbreviation for unique selling proposition/point: a feature of a product that makes it
different from and better than all its competitors' products
a product that is the same as other products of the same type from other producers or
manufacturers

a product that is not the same as other products of the same type from other
producers or manufacturers, which consumers choose partly for its ‘feel
good factor’
an opportunity for a business to offer a product or service that is not offered by other
businesses
used to describe a product or service for which sales go up or down in relation to its
price
the difference between the total cost of making and selling something and the price it
is sold for, or between the total amount of money a company receives from sales and
the total cost of producing all its products and services. The profit margin is often
expressed as a percentage.

the amount of money that a company gets from sales during a particular period
cost-effective methods or processes bring the greatest possible advantage or profit
when the amount that is spent is considered
being more than a particular number or amount
a particular way of considering something

to provide an organisation or department with money or equipment

the range of things that an activity, company, law, etc. deals with
a person who owns and operates a business alone
a feeling of worry and unhappiness because you have too much work or too many
problems to deal with
the fact of wasting something, or the amount of something that is wasted
the way that an organisation deals with customers before, during, and after a sale, and
the activities involved in dealing with customers
cost-effective methods or processes bring the greatest possible advantage or profit
when the amount that is spent is considered
developing the way in which two or more companies, countries, or people behave
towards each other
increasing the value of a resource, product, or service as the result of a particular
process
used for describing a system by which employees receive a part of the profits of a
business

bigger in value, amount, or number, or better than anything that has happened before

relating to a business or part of a business that does not make a profit

relating to a period of time during which a person, company, etc. does not make a
profit
used to describe the activity of telling other people about your problems in order to
help solve them

used to describe machinery, etc. which can manufacture products

used to describe a service, website etc. which allows consumers to discuss and
recommend products.
used to describe the policy, strategy etc. that a company uses to decide prices for its
products or services
abbreviation for 'business-to-business', relating to business arrangements or trade
between different businesses, rather than between businesses and the public,
especially when this takes place over the Internet
abbreviation for 'business-to-consumer', relating to the sale of products and services
by businesses to consumers, especially over the Internet

abbreviation for 'business-to-government', relating to trade in products and services

between businesses and government, especially trade over the Internet
abbreviation for 'consumer-to-consumer', relating to the buying and selling of
products, services, and information between individual consumers, especially over the
Internet

abbreviation for 'government-to-business', relating to trade in products and services

between government and business, especially trade over the Internet

the amount of money that a company spends in order to make and sell products in a
particular financial period, for example, on wages and raw materials
the amounts in a company's accounts that show money that it owes, for example to
suppliers (= companies that have sold them things)

the money that is owed to a company and that is shown in its accounts as an asset
money that you spend when you are doing your job, that an employer or other
organisation pays back to you

a company's profit from selling goods or services before costs not directly related to
producing them, for example interest payments and tax, are subtracted
the money made by a company or part of a company for a particular period after all
costs, taxes, etc. have been paid
an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to
owe to the bank, or the agreement which allows this
money kept by a company for a particular use, for example, a future project or
emergency

the amount of money that a company gets from sales during a particular period
money that a business spends on the work of managing or organising the business or
a business activity
things that are owned by a person, company, or organisation, such as money,
property, or land

used to describe the costs for keeping buildings lit and warm

money that is paid to an insurance company

debts

goods that a company owns, such as parts, materials, or finished products

correct and without any mistakes

one more thing that puts pressure on someone or something

in extreme danger
a business, product, or service that makes a large profit, often used to make money to
support other business activities
a situation in which a company, country, etc. does not have enough money available to
do the things it usually does
an amount of money that you spend on something, especially a large amount that is
spent on new equipment or to start a new business activity
an amount of money paid in notes or coins or a payment that is available to use
immediately
a difficulty in having enough money that is available to use immediately
a lack of money that is available to use immediately
people, organisations, or governments that are owed money
people, countries, or organisations that owe money

an extremely large possibility that something negative will happen; a severe risk
the total amount of money that an organisation or person spends
additional money

at severe risk

money earned by a person, company, government, etc. over particular period of time

additional strain
at the agreed or expected time
the amount of money that leaves a company, industry, or country during a particular
period

to need to pay or give money to someone because they have lent money to you

done or happening without delay

to become less, or to make something become less

the process of something becoming less, or the amount by which something becomes
less
to become lower in value, amount, or level
a reduction in the amount or level of something
if prices, levels, or interest rates fluctuate, they go up and down
to become larger in amount or size, or to make something do this
a situation in which the number, size, or amount of something gets bigger
if prices, profits, shares, etc. jump, they increase by a large amount in a short period of
time
a sudden large increase in the price, value, or amount of something

if a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the same level

relating to the highest level, price, rate, etc. that something reaches
to reach the highest level, price, rate, etc.
to go down in amount or value very quickly and suddenly
to go down in amount or value very quickly and suddenly
to improve after a difficult period or after falling in value
to increase in number, amount, or value
an increase in number, amount, or value
to increase quickly in amount, number, value, or level

to get, by paying for them, some of the units that the ownership of a company, fund,
etc. is divided into and which can be bought by members of the public

to examine investments in order to judge their potential and assess investment choice
to get an amount of money from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other
financial organisation
to put money into a variety of investments
get part of the profit of a company that is paid to shareholders

the study of something in detail

relating to the careful or scientific examination of facts and information

a particular way of doing something

used to describe a person or way of doing things that is very organised and careful

a way of doing something that can be used as an example or can be copied

relating to the way in which an organisation, country, etc. decides what it wants to
achieve and plans actions and use of resources over time to do this

the way in which a business, government, or other organisation carefully plans its
actions over a period of time to improve its position and achieve what it wants

a quality that someone or something has that helps them succeed or make progress
effective; of a good quality or level and likely to be successful
too low or not powerful enough to be successful or effective

a particular part or quality of someone or something that is not good or effective

to imagine or expect that something will happen
to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to
happen
to help people deal with a process or reach an agreement or solution without getting
directly involved in the process, discussion, etc. yourself

to not have enough of something that is necessary

to describe or explain something in such a simple way that it is no longer right or true

to see or notice someone or something, usually because you are looking hard
to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be
difficult
If a piece of work or problem is a bit tricky, it is a little difficult to deal with and needs
some attention or skill.
a system of doing something, for example having a meeting or discussion, in a private
office rather than in a public space
to suggest or think of an idea or plan
(especially of something boring) done or happening every day for a long period of
time

to understand or solve something

to make a mistake
doing something badly or spoiling something
a strike in which employees refuse to work or to leave their office, factory, etc. until
employers agree to discuss their demands
to stop getting the attention of a lot of people
to travel or drive at a speed of 60 kilometres per hour
to complete a series of lessons on a particular subject
to perform in a way that is not acceptable or of good quality
provide a building for events, sometimes lasting a few days, at which there are a lot of
talks and meetings about a particular subject

prepare the set of official records that show the financial situation of a company and
what it has spent, received, borrowed, etc. in a particular period
to travel somewhere in a train
to receive an email
to have a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly / to feel ashamed or
shy
to obtain or buy a number of chairs for the office
to reach or arrive at the office

to talk to someone in a friendly informal way

to be ill with a common infection especially in the nose and throat which often causes
a cough, a slight fever and sometimes some pain in the muscles
to enjoy yourself
to have a message sent over the Internet
to eat a meal in the middle of the day / to drink coffee

to be important or interesting enough to be a reason for spending the time and money

to bring into existence new plans or actions to improve something or solve a problem
to prepare a statement that contains financial information and advice relating to a
particular economy, company, or person
to make something ready to be used
to achieve things that you are planning to do or achieve
a tell other people about working methods which are accepted as being successful, so
that those working methods are more widely used
example sentence unit

Researchers analysed the purchases of 6,300 households. 1

We carried out an analysis of visitors to the website by age, sex, and region. 1
We offer award-winning website design and hosting services, extranets, and
analytical tools. 1
The government avoided the mistakes they made in the past. 1
A number of illnesses are entirely avoidable. 1
Health insurance companies who have been showing very healthy profits have
engaged in very serious risk avoidance. 1

Are you absolutely certain that you gave them the right number? 1

I'm unable to answer that question with any certainty. 1

We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world. 1

We have been in communication with various agencies in regard to this matter. 1

He emphasised that managers had to be more communicative with their staff. 1

It's difficult to compete when there are so many similar businesses. 1

There has always been competition between the auto manufacturers. 1

The severe downturn in the worldwide semiconductor market has increased
competitive pressures in the Japanese market. 1

At least one major competitor is gearing up to provide local service at lower prices. 1
New arrivals face an uncertain future. 1
The rule changes are complicated and cause uncertainty for workers and headaches
for employers. 1

He has a wealth of experience and will be a valuable addition to our editorial team. 1
We value our partnership with the government. 1
Property will always remain good value. 1
Her work was highly valued well beyond the academic community. 1
Delegates walk around the booths introducing themselves and exchanging business
cards. 1
Business people experience on average 170 interactions per day – phone calls,
hallway conversations, emails. 1
Because of differences in corporate culture, the merger between the two companies
proved disastrous. 1

As part of the process of developing our corporate identity we have recently

introduced a new logo and new letterheads. 1

There are cultural differences between Australia and Britain. 1

There is cultural similarity between many countries in the Middle East. 1

Working in a foreign country takes a bit of getting used to. 1
It is a global company with its headquarters based in Canada. 1
When production costs are raised in the host country, the company can easily move
its activities to another country. 1
It is important to research local culture before travelling. 1

If a multinational company becomes more important than some governments, it can

act as a major force of economic change. 1
She led a multinational team developing a new marketing initiative. 1
The parent company's stock price has dropped almost by half. 1

Further details of the relocation package will be made available later in the week. 1
Who designed your website? 2
I don't like the design of this control panel. 2

The software was developed by a marine science consulting firm. 2

The next stage in the development of this product line is a retail version. 2
Who discovered America? 2

What do you think is the most important discovery of the last 50 years? 2
The market leader's proven ability to innovate provides a key attraction for
shareholders. 2
Product innovations lead to an increase in effective demand which encourages an
increase in investment and employment. 2
He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and
entrepreneurship. 2
One of the surest ways to make money in the stock market is to find a company that
invents a new drug. 2

Turning an invention from an idea into a money-making product is a long job. 2

Look at your achievements and your value in monetary terms. 3

In order to keep good employees, you need to provide them with possibilities for
growth and advancement. 3

His boss was an aggressive manager. 3

She is on annual leave. 3

We need to avoid creating another layer of bureaucracy. 3

The company policy is that most workers should retire at 60. 3

We've spent a lot of money on advertising and are beginning to see good results. 3
By concentrating only on the hygiene factors, management were not really
motivating their personnel. 3

Workers threatened to strike over the low pay of the support staff. 3

The new structure made it more complex and challenging to manage a team. 3
Together, the motivators and the hygiene factors have become known as Herzberg‘s
two-factor theory of motivation. 3

A major motivation for his later career was to secure a regular financial income. 3

Getting new skills can help you find higher-paid work. 3

He should be praised for his honesty. 3

They deserve praise for all their hard work. 3

Employees worry that saying 'no' to the boss decreases their chances of
advancement and promotion. 3
We did all the work but they got all the recognition! 3
As a board member, I have a responsibility to ask questions. 3
Those who survive redundancy may feel compelled to take on increasing
responsibilities. 3
He has some rude colleagues. 3
Supervision of capital markets will help to mobilise resources for investment in the
least-developed countries. 3
Unfortunately the company can no longer support this software. 3

We are going to need a lot of support if we want to get this job done on time. 3

The unions are trying hard to improve work conditions for their members. 3
I need to get a few things in town. 3
A great deal of effort has gone into making the software reliable. 3
The manufacturing process requires a huge amount of water. 3
A large number of people complained about the customer service. 3
This sauce needs a little salt. 3
I was a little bit worried by what she said. 3
There were a lot of people there. 3

I don't have many clothes. 3

I don't earn much money. 3
Several people have complained about the scheme. 3

Many companies operate an appraisal system. 3

She received a bonus of $15,065, equal to 40% of her salary. 3

We need to create more career opportunities for workers on low pay. 3

The airline agreed to pay travel agents a 3% commission. 3

She felt undervalued and was seeking a position with a better effort-reward balance. 3

25% of the employees work flexitime. 3

Fringe benefits include a company car and free health insurance. 3

Women have made scant progress in breaking through the glass ceiling to reach top
corporate executive and boardroom positions. 3

They have a mentoring system for new recruits. 3

Open-plan offices function well for people who need to be communicating with each
other all the time. 3

Her annual salary exceeds €100,000. 3

The company is offering voluntary severance packages. 3
Our 50 tips show you how to navigate your computer system from start-up to
shutdown. 3

Different countries have different customs when it comes to leaving tips. 3

Men have low expectations of securing a better work-life balance. 3

Look at your achievements and your value in monetary terms. 3

The first thing you must do is make an assessment of the situation. 3

The client has given us some constructive feedback on the design. 3

All you had to do was build value in your product and hope that your customer had
realistic expectations. 3
Experts are urging borrowers to review their mortgage arrangements and, if they
can, to switch now to a better rate. 3

The next scheduled review of bonus rates will take place early in the new year. 3

Management must set clear goals and objectives that everyone subscribes to. 3
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) is responsible for supervising Britain's
banking system. 3
She will now take responsibility for the Logistics Division. 3

The company is advertising for new staff. 4

The company offers a generous benefits package that includes private healthcare
and a free on-site gym. 4
He will bring about change by introducing new guidelines. 4

Compensation for employees includes salary, bonus, and other benefits. 4

A good leader has to develop staff abilities. 4

Are we getting the best out of our staff? 4

The company has a duty to inform employees about developments that directly
affect them. 4

Maintaining contacts with universities requires a lot of hard work. 4

The first year of the plan is primarily focused on organisational development. 4

They organised an interdepartmental meeting between the finance department and
the IT department. 4
Performance management includes activities to ensure that goals are consistently
being met in an effective and efficient manner. 4
Advertisements in newspapers will be used to recruit new staff. 4

They decided to set up a system of employee reports. 4

We'll do all we can to support heads of department during this difficult period. 4
This exercise is aimed at providing leaders with 360-degree feedback for improving
their leadership abilities. 4

He is an astute man with sound business acumen. 4

The competencies have been organised under four headings. 4
My boss is grooming me to take over his job next year. 4
The report says that long-range spending plans are "inadequate". 4
The job starts tomorrow with a full week of orientation. 4

Football arouses a good deal of passion among its supporters. 4

Consumers have become more proficient at shopping online. 4
The market remains sceptical about the bank's prospects. 4
Corporate executives need to think about the whole business and how it creates
value for customers and stakeholders. 4
Having a wide range of interests can improve your career prospects. 4
What attracted you to this job? 4
Most investors use the Internet to help them make decisions. 4

The successful applicant will have excellent interpersonal skills. 4

She will now take on responsibility for the Logistics Division. 4
One of our strong points as a global brand has been our ability to adapt to local
trends. 4

It was a job that taught me how to handle problems. 4

A new chain of command has been introduced. 5

The mayor is himself involved in local businesses and has been accused of a conflict
of interest. 5
The main principle involved is the delegation of responsibility for budgets to
accountable units, each of which has defined objectives. 5
By encouraging cooperation between departments, the company is challenging the
traditional division of labour within the organisation. 5
Often those people on sick leave would just be left alone with little or no contact from
their line manager. 5
The company is organised on a regional basis. 5

The company has three regional divisions organised as profit centres. 5

A sign of a good regional manager is having a good understanding of the different
issues in each region. 5
She faces long hours and extreme pressure in her position because she is responsible
for decision-making. 5
The centre can accommodate up to 220 students. 5
Good solutions are based on the efficient and wise deployment of capital, resources
and people. 5

When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse. 5

There was enormous duplication of effort with each area having its own personnel
team. 5

The company is looking to shed around 1,000 jobs as part of an efficiency drive. 5

It was a job that taught me how to handle pressure and use it to my advantage. 5
The office in Europe also handles marketing for the region. 5
The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales force. 5
The purchased package or the new IT infrastructure is implemented by specialists in
that technology. 5
The accommodation was arranged by his secretary. 5
The meetings were usually arranged by the client. 5
The lorry drivers had almost no computer knowledge, so she arranged training
sessions for them. 5
According to recent research, the busy British professional attends nearly 60
meetings a month. 5

When he tried to book accommodation for all the staff, his credit card was refused. 5
His job was to enter data into the computer. 5
I regularly liaise with a manager on important decisions. 5

It was such a refreshing change to liaise with a team of highly skilled developers. 5
We liaise with business partners to ensure solutions meet current and strategic
needs. 5

He's not very good at managing a budget. 5

She managed a team developing a new marketing initiative. 5

They would like to maximise revenue from online ads. 5

He will report to a new manager. 5
She will report to the global finance team. 5

A German company collaborated with a Swiss firm to develop the product. 6

The new airport is the result of a collaboration between two of the best architects in
the country. 6

Who will be responsible for coordinating the project? 6

The Internet has improved coordination with customers and suppliers. 6

In 1991, McCahill and his researchers created an easy way to navigate the Internet
and find information on it, known as 'Gopher'. 6

There are strict guidelines to be followed when you are creating a new company. 6
The organisation celebrates and rewards creativity in its staff. 6
He was always overburdened with too many trivial tasks because he found it
impossible to delegate. 6

More than 1,000 delegates attended the three-day conference. 6

The main principle involved is the delegation of responsibility for budgets to
accountable units, each of which has defined objectives. 6
She directs a large charity. 6
The project was under the direction of a well-known academic. 6
The market leader's proven ability to innovate provides a key attraction for
shareholders. 6
Product innovations lead to an increase in effective demand which encourages an
increase in investment and employment. 6
He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and
entrepreneurship. 6

Although we like his plan in general, we don't agree with him on every issue. 6
So far ten people have confirmed that they will be attending the meeting. 6

We haven't described the matter to you in detail yet. 6

The police want to discuss these recent racist attacks with local people. 6
The minister revealed that the banking industry would get assistance from the
taxpayer. 6
I've gone over the problem several times, but I can't think of a solution. 6

Thank you for coming to the interview – we'll let you know in the next week. 6
You can look the word up in the dictionary to refresh your memory of its exact
meaning. 6

I'll remind you to post the letter. 6

Experts are urging borrowers to review their mortgage arrangements and, if they
can, to switch now to a better rate. 6
This helpful guide will take you through the application procedure. 6

In Tokyo markets, the only thing people want to talk about is the budget problem. 6
I'll tell you the way to the station. 6
The survey has specifically targeted end users of computer software. 7
You can buy a wide variety of consumer electronics from e-tailers. 7
Among manufacturers, sales and orders are at a 12-month high. 7

Manufacturers and retailers are responding to growing consumer demand. 7

Most energy suppliers are doing well in the current economic climate. 7
Factory gate prices may be rising, but it is retailers and wholesalers, not consumers,
who are shouldering this burden. 7
This is where the car engines are assembled. 7
Your furniture will be ready for you to collect on Thursday. 7
Manufacturers can deliver goods directly from factories. 7
The retailer moved its supply base overseas to reduce costs. 7
They supply parts to the automotive industry. 7
Next you need to come up with a name for your product. 8

The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales force. 8

The second accident involved two cars and a lorry. 8

The fire resulted in damage to their property. 8
It was quite expensive and so the management didn’t like the idea much. 8
I can't go to the product launch because I'm going away that week. 8

She's very hard-working but not very imaginative. 8

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by
the end of the holiday. 8
I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers – they're good and furthermore
they're cheap. 8
He has a flat in London and in addition to that he has a villa in Italy. 8
The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate. 8
If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole
organisation. 8
We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project. 8

What are the basic controllable variables of the problem? 9

The company wanted a very attractive website to differentiate itself from the
competition. 9
The management of distributors and dealers were reviewed in an attempt to
minimise disruption to our end-users. 9

A premium pricing strategy has to reflect the quality a product offers. 9

The key target market for this newspaper is middle aged professionals. 9

The product's USPs should be central throughout the development process. 9

Sugar is a commodity product and no one company has more chance of controlling
its supply and price level than any of its rivals. 9

How could you transform a commodity product like bottled mineral water into a
lifestyle product? 9

There is a niche in the market for this kind of product. 9

A price-sensitive product should be priced to convey an overall image of value to the
customer. 9

The company averages profit margins of 70%. 9

Group turnover rose 2% in the period, compared with last year. 9

In many cases outsourcing jobs has been shown to be not cost-effective. 10

Customers exceeding their credit limits will be charged a fee. 10
Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject. 10

The department was chronically overstretched and seriously under-resourced. 10

He involved himself in affairs beyond the scope of his job. 10
I have a successful consultancy business but am a sole trader. 10

Successful managers need to be able to make tough decisions under stress. 10

Wastage of resources should be avoided at all costs. 10

The mobile operator has a reputation for outstanding customer service. 10

In many cases outsourcing jobs has been shown to be not cost-effective. 10

Relationship-building is vital for success in business. 10

Service can be seen as a value-adding activity. 10

The company's costs increased under the profit-sharing agreement. 10

We look forward to another record-breaking year in terms of growth next year. 10

He controls a vast business empire, but many of his firms are loss-making. 10
It is expected to show losses of £26m–£29m in the traditionally loss-making first
half. 10
He started the meetings with a problem-sharing activity. 10

Can you supply product-making machinery directly to our factories in Asia? 10

Bagcheck is a product-sharing website. 10

Our product-pricing strategy means that our products cost more than our
competitors’. 10

B2B helps exporters search for and contact possible importers of their products. 10
The Web was designed to help people get information out of computers, so it's
perfect for B2C. 10

The government is the biggest employer in the US, so B2G is a potentially lucrative
market. 10

EBay is an example of C2C. 10

They make software for G2B. 10

Keeping the cost of sales down is important to the health of any business. 11

Creditors' can be broken down into two categories. 11

When a client is issued with a bill, the amount on the bill should be entered as
'debtors' in the firm's accounts. 11

She was invited to speak at the conference, with an offer to cover all her expenses. 11

Gross profit for the quarter amounted to $11.2m. 11

Annual net profit fell 20% in the wake of tough competition. 11

Research shows that 58% of students have an overdraft. 11

It became necessary for the company to dip into its reserves. 11

Group turnover rose 2% in the period, compared with last year. 11

We need to cut down on our administrative expenses. 11

The company reported total assets worth $1.9 million. 11

They are going to reduce expenditure on heating and lighting by installing energy-
efficient lighting. 11
They ask for 8% extra from customers who pay insurance by direct debit instead of
as a lump sum. 11
The business has liabilities of £2 million. 11
We are trying to reduce manufacturing cycle time and the associated raw material,
work in process, and finished goods inventory levels. 11
Internet communication instantly provides timely and accurate data for evaluating
investment opportunities. 11

The recent decline in the dollar has put an additional strain on the economic system. 11
With its stock price severely depressed, the company was at severe risk of being a
target for private equity investors. 11
Hong Kong Telecom has been a cash cow, thanks to a huge number of international
calls. 11
The casino operator said last week that it faced a cash crisis after an ambitious plan
to open a Las Vegas resort backfired. 11
The beauty of this deal is that it gives us a strong position in the US market with no
cash outlay. 11

Usually we ask for cash payment on receipt of the goods. 11

The cash problem is the main issue at the moment. 11
We have a cash shortage at the moment. 11
He has been sued several times by his creditors. 11
They are chasing some payments from debtors. 11
We are taking an enormous chance by changing the specifications at this stage in the
project. 11
We're primarily concerned with keeping expenditure down. 11
Theatres make extra money from merchandise sales. 11
With its stock price severely depressed, the company was in great danger of being a
target for private equity investors. 11

To qualify, you must have an income of $24,000 or less. 11

The recent decline in the dollar has put more pressure on the economic system. 11
We are committed to completing the project on time and on budget. 11

Currency devaluation triggered a rapid outflow of foreign funds. 11

He claims the firm owes him money. 11

The message at the top of the bill is intended to encourage prompt payment. 11
When an investment increases or decreases in value but we do not sell it, we record
an unrealised gain or loss. 11

Florida is not the only state to experience decreases in revenues. 11

House prices began to fall rapidly. 11
There are serious concerns about the fall in the value of the dollar. 11
Inflation has fluctuated in recent months along with oil prices. 11
Sales have increased by 10%. 11
Customers stocked up, anticipating a January price increase. 11

Interest rates look set to jump over the coming months. 11

The tech stocks in the index posted the biggest jumps. 11

Share prices are beginning to level off after the sharp rises of recent months. 11
The comparison site provides information on peak and off-peak rates across all the
major mobile networks. 11
Official figures show that unemployment peaked in November. 11
House prices have plummeted in recent months. 11
Car sales plunged in France in June. 11
Consumer confidence has been slow to recover in the aftermath of the credit crunch. 11
As growth becomes embedded, interest rates rise. 11
The strong profits prompted a 64% rise in the dividend. 11
Corn, soybean, and wheat prices all soared this year. 11

The company was set up to buy shares on behalf of investors. 12

The first task, investment experts say, is to carry out an investment appraisal. 12

Any spare cash is best put in a savings account where it will earn interest. 12
One alternative strategy which is less risky is to invest in a portfolio. 12
We anticipate receiving a substantial dividend on our holding. 12

We carried out an analysis of visitors to the website by age, sex, and region. 13
We offer award-winning website design and hosting services, extranets, and
analytical tools. 13
Travelling by train is still one of the safest methods of transport. 13
People looking for work in a recession need to adopt a focused and methodical
approach to job hunting. 13

He prefers the American approach to wealth creation over the European model. 13

The company has grown through strategic acquisitions which have taken them into
new markets. 13

Business environments and strategies are constantly changing in response to

economic and financial variables. 13

One of our strengths as a global brand has been our ability to adapt to local trends. 13
We will need strong policies if our economic problems are to be solved. 13
There was unexpectedly weak growth in corporate output in May. 13

A smart management team knows its company's strengths and weaknesses. 13

It's always best to anticipate problems before they arise. 13

We were encouraged to learn foreign languages at school. 13

An expert negotiator was brought in to facilitate the discussion. 13

Most of the candidates had the right qualifications but lacked the necessary skills. 13

The TV documentary grossly oversimplified the problem. 13

If you spot any mistakes in the article just mark them with a pencil. 13

He needs to undertake a proper cashflow and budgeting exercise. 13

Those components are a bit tricky to make, aren't they? 13

Many bank customers dislike discussing loans in the reception area, instead
preferring a closed-door approach for confidential discussions. 13
Next you need to come up with a name for your product. 13
I have to do the same boring jobs day in day out. 13
If they know the cause of the problem, they might be able to figure out how to
prevent it happening again. 13
These shelves are very easy to put together – you can't go wrong. 13
He really messed up the sales figures. 13
The six-day sit-down was a response by auto workers to the proposed closure of the
plant. 13
If your presentation is too commercial, you switch quite a few people off. 13
He can do 60 km per hour on that road if there is not much traffic. 14
She decided to do a course in recruitment practice to expand her career. 14
I thought he was going to do badly in the interview. 14
The hotels also do conference facilities and have some of the newest equipment and
best catering available. 14

When are you going to do the accounts? 14

Shall we get a train to the meeting with the client? 14
You will get an email with the information. 14

I get angry with her when she is late to important events. 14

We're going to get some office chairs for the new meeting room. 14
What time does he normally get to the office? 14
Apart from discussing the project, it was extremely useful to have a chat about work
in general. 14

I have got a cold. 14

I hope everyone will have a good time at the office party. 14
I have an email from Danielle. 14
I'm having lunch with Tomoko on Monday. 14

We believe the extra attention to detail is worth the time and money. 14
The group's legal advisers said they were developing initiatives to tackle online
privacy issues. 14
It's a good idea to ask an independent adviser to look at tax-efficient savings and
perform a health check. 14
The details of the deal haven't been put in place yet. 14
He is on track to realise his objectives. 14
Managers who spread good practices play a big part in increasing product quality
and customer satisfaction. 14
Translation