1) Credit rating

Definition
Evaluation of the timely repayment ability of an individual, firm, or debt security (such as a bond).
Credit rating is built up on the basis of the (1) credit history, (2) present financial position, and the
(3) likely future income. Credit reporting agencies, such as the US firm Dun & Bradstreet,
collect, store, analyze, summarize, and sell such information. Also called debt rating.

credit rating is in the Banking, Commerce, Credit, & Finance subject.

credit rating appears in the definitions of the following terms: mercantile agency, yield
differential, credit event, credit spread, creditworthiness.

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2) Capital gains tax

Definition
Tax payable on profit made on the sale (disposal) of a capital asset, assessed and levied
differently from tax on profit (income tax) realized from sale of goods or services in the normal
course of a business. Often, profits on capital assets held for 12 months or longer are taxed at
a favorable (lower) rate.

capital gains tax is in the Accounting & Auditing, Banking, Commerce, Credit, &
Finance andInvesting subjects.

capital gains tax appears in the definitions of the following terms: tax basis, tax efficiency,drag
on returns, tax avoidance and capital gain.

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3) Buying on margin

Definition
Purchasing an asset by making a down payment (called the margin)
and financing the balanceamount through a loan by using the asset as the collateral (such as in
a mortgage loan). Insecurities trading, only a down payment is required because the value of the
securities themselves (which remain in the possession of the broker or seller) fully collateralizes
the unpaid amount.
buying on margin is in the Commodities & Precious Metals Trading, Investing and Securities &
Futures Trading subjects.

buying on margin appears in the definitions of the following terms: buy on margin and
investment leverage.

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4) Investment trust

Definition
Type of investment firm formed for holding securities of other firms, and for obtaining
its capitalfrom public issues of shares that are traded on stock exchange. Because investment
trusts can issue only a fixed number of shares (traded at a discount on their net present value)
which the new investors can buy only from the existing shareholders, they are also called closed-
endfunds. They differ from unit trusts in that a unit holder is not a shareholder of the unit trust,
and a unit is not a share but represents the investor's interest in the unit trust's investment
portfolio.

investment trust is in the Banking, Commerce, Credit, & Finance, Investing and Securities &
Futures Trading subjects.

investment trust appears in the definitions of the following terms: pension fund, non-depository
financial institution, diamonds, accumulation unit and issuer.

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5) Requisition

Definition
Written order or a formal demand by the user(s) of a good or service (which is not made available
without a specific request) to the organization's purchase (or stores) department. It generally
includes the brand and model name or number, description, quantity, and therequired delivery
date. Also called purchase requisition.

requisition is in the Accounting & Auditing, Banking, Commerce, Credit, & Finance, Inventory
Control & Storage and Purchasing & Procurement subjects.

requisition appears in the definitions of the following terms: method of procurement

(MOP),purchase requisition, shipping time, procurement and purchasing.

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6) Inelastic demand

Definition
Situation where the demand for a product does not increase or decrease correspondingly with a
fall or rise in its price. From the supplier's viewpoint, this is a highly desirable situation because
price and total revenue are directly related; an increase in price increases total revenue despite a
fall in the quantity demanded.

inelastic demand is in the Economics, Politics, & Society subject.

inelastic demand appears in the definitions of the following terms: high price strategy and
Ramsey pricing.

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7) Manufacturing lead time

Definition
Total time required to manufacture an item, including order preparation time, queue time, setup
time, run time, move time, inspection time, and put-away time. For make-to-order products, it is
the time taken from release of an order to production and shipment. For make-to-stock products,
it is the time taken from the release of an order to production and receipt into finished
goods inventory.

manufacturing lead time is in the Industries, Manufacturing, & Technology and Inventory
Control & Storage subjects.

manufacturing lead time appears in the definition of the following term: lead time.

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8) Discount market

Definition
UK's short-term money market comprising of banks, discount houses,
and money brokers(called bill brokers) who discount bills of exchange (including treasury bills).
Also called bill market, it is an important channel through which bank of England controls the
amount of money in the financial system.

discount market is in the Banking, Commerce, Credit, & Finance, Currency

Trading andInternational Trade & Relations subjects.

discount market appears in the definition of the following term: bill market.
This content can be found on the following page:

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/discount-market.html

9) Lagging indicators
Economic and financial-market indicators which tend to change only after
an economy has already changed, or has begun to follow a
particular pattern or trend. They trail behind (usually by six months) the
overall economic cycle instead of moving with it (as coincident indicators do) or
moving ahead of it (as leading indicators do). Major lagging indicators include
the unemployment rate, outstanding consumer loans, outstanding businessloans,
business spending, business profits, book value of business
inventories, unit labor costs, and consumer price index (CPI)

lagging indicators is in the Banking, Commerce, Credit, &

Finance and Economics, Politics, & Society subjects.

lagging indicators appears in the definitions of the following terms: coincident

indicators, economic indicators, and consumer price index (CPI).

10) Research and development (R&D)

Systematic activity combining both basic and applied research, and aimed at
discovering solutions to problemsor creating new goods and knowledge. R&D
may result in ownership of intellectual property such as patents. Inaccounting for
R&D costs, the development costs may be carried forward but the basic and
applied research costs are often written-off as incurred.

research and development (R&D) is in the Industries, Manufacturing, &

Technology subject.

research and development (R&D) appears in the definitions of the following

terms: research and development limited partnership, parametric cost
estimating, investment, value chain, and discretionary cost

11) All risks insurance

Somewhat misleading name for an insurance policy which, while providing the
broadest form of insurance cover, generally excludes losses due to
bad packaging, delay, inherent vice, loss of market, etc. Such policies do not
name the risks covered but only list the exclusions; all unnamed risks
are automatically covered. The term 'All risks' is now being phased out. In marine
insurance, for example, the term 'institute cargo clauses (All Risks)' has been
replaced with the new term 'institute cargo clauses (A, B, and C)'. Also called all
peril insurance.

all risks insurance is in the General, Marine, & Life Insurance subject.

all risks insurance appears in the definitions of the following terms: all peril
insurance and against all risks.

12) Variance
General: Difference between an expected and actual result, such as between
a budget and actual expenditure.

Statistics: Arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations of all items (in a set of
numbers) from their arithmetic mean. Variance and its square root (the standard
deviation) are of fundamental importance as a measure of dispersion.

variance is in the Accounting & Auditing, Planning & Scheduling and Statistics,
Mathematics, & Analysissubjects.

variance appears in the definitions of the following terms: inventory

variance, variable production overhead efficiency variance, percent
change, inspection, and rolling budget

13) Search engine marketing (SEM)

Internet marketing method that focuses on purchasing ads which appear on
the result pages of search enginessuch as Google. Many search engines offer
ways for individuals or businesses to purchase ads, which typically appear above
or to the right of the content on the search result pages. Typically, the higher
the fee one offers to pay for an ad, the higher the ad will appear on the page,
depending upon how much competition there is to appear on that page.
Depending upon the agreement, one may pay a flat fee for a given length of time,
or may pay a given fee for each click that they receive to their ad.

search engine marketing (SEM) is in the Economics, Politics, &

Society subject.

search engine marketing (SEM) is related to the following terms: search

engine optimization, traffic, and electronic commerce (E-Commerce)
14) Key ratios
Financial performance measures used by business analysts in evaluation of
the financial position and income of a firm. These include ratio of net
income to average assets (called return on assets or ROA), net income to
equity (called return on equity or ROE), net income to
total investment (called return on investment or ROI) and of net income
to outstanding shares (called earnings per share or EPS). Key ratios give a
reliable indication of the competence of a management, especially when
compared with the figures of previous periods or those of the competitors.

15) Internet marketing

Marketing efforts done solely over the Internet. This type of
marketing uses various online advertisements to drivetraffic to
an advertiser's website. Banner advertisements, pay per click (PPC), and targeted email lists are
oftenmethods used in Internet marketing to bring the most value to the advertiser. Internet
marketing is a growingbusiness mainly because more and more people use the internet
every day. Popular search engines such as Google and Yahoo have been able to capitalize on
this new wave of advertising.