Minimum

Ground Clearance*
Safety Clearances
Clearances$

Switching Impulse
Lightning Impulse
Highest System
Normal System

Voltage (kV)
Voltage(kV)

Voltage(kV)

Voltage(kV)
(mm)

(mm)

(mm)
Between

Between
Phases
Phase

Earth
and
11 12 70 - 178 229 2600 3700

33 36 170 - 320 320 2800 3700

550 1100 1100 3700 4600

132 145 -
650 1300 1300 3800 4600

950 1900 1900 4300 5500

220 245 -
1050 2100 2100 4600 5500

1050
(Ph-E) 3400 -
400 420 1425
1575 6400 8000
(Ph-Ph) - 4200

1550
(Ph-E) 6400 -
765 800 2100
2550 10300 13000
(Ph-Ph) - 9400

System nominal voltage = 230kV

Rated normal voltage = 230 x 1.1 =253kV

Normal Discharge Current (8/20µ) = 10kA

Frequency =50Hz

Type = Outdoor

Calculation for incoming side

Rating of arrester on 75% basis,

Rated Voltage = 230 x 0.75

= 172.5kV rms

Rating of arrester on 80% basis,

Rated Voltage = 230 x 0.8

= 184kV rms

From Equation (3.6), the discharge actor range from 2.4 to 3 and the value is 2.6

Discharge voltage on 75% basis = 172.5 x 2.6

= 448.5kV (crest)

Discharge voltage on 80% basis = 184 x 2.6

= 478.4kV (crest)

Discharge voltage on nominal = 253 x 2.6

= 657.8kV (crest)

Insulation level for 100% arrester. From equation (3.4),

Li = 1.15 (1.1 x 657.8 +40)

= 878.117 kV (crest)

Insulation level for 80% arrester,

Li = 1.15 (1.1 x 478.4+40)

= 651.176 kV (crest)

Insulation level for 75% arrester,

Li = 1.15 (1.1 x 448.5+40)

= 613.3525 kV (crest)

Minimum impulse insulation level, from Equation (3.10),

 Ls = 3.88 x 657.8

= 2552.264 kV

Minimum impulse insulation level on 80% basis,

Ls = 3.88 x 478.4

= 1856.192 kV

Minimum impulse insulation level on 75% basis,

Ls = 3.88 x 448.5

= 1740.18 kV

Power Frequency withstand voltage on 100% basis, from Equation (3.12),

Lp= 2.3 x 230

= 529 kV

Power Frequency withstand voltage on 75% basis, from Equation (3.13),

Lp= 2.37 x 230

= 545.1 kV

Power Frequency withstand voltage on 80% basis, from Equation (3.13),

Lp= 2.53 x 230

= 581.9 kV

Output Voltage peak value = 253 x √2/√3

= 206.57 kV

For resistance grounding system = 3.3times

Switching surge voltage = 206.57 x 3.3

= 681.681 kV

Require switching surge withstand = 681.681 x 1.1 =749.85 kV

Require number of insulator [A] = 12 [From Table 4.2]

Insulation Tolerance of [A] = 675 / 749.85 =0.9

Number of Excess Insulator = 1

Necessary for maintenance

Number of insulation installed [B] = [A] +1 = 12+1 =13

Insulation Tolerance of [B] = 725 / 749.85 =0.97

Length of Insulator String = 0.146 x [B]

= 0.146 x 13 =1.898 m

Require Horn gap = 170cm =1.7m [From Table 4.3]

Insulation String Length (%)= (1.7/ 1.898) x 100

= 90%

Require minimum insulation gap = 170cm = 1.7m [From Table 4.4]

System nominal voltage = 660kV

Rated normal voltage = 66 x 1.1 =72.6kV

Normal Discharge Current (8/20µ) = 10kA

Frequency =50Hz

Type = Outdoor

Calculation for outgoing side

Rating of arrester on 75% basis,

Rated Voltage = 66 x 0.75

= 49.5kV rms

Rating of arrester on 80% basis,

Rated Voltage = 66 x 0.8

= 52.8kV rms

From Equation (3.6), the discharge actor range from 2.4 to 3 and the value is 2.6
Discharge voltage on 75% basis = 49.5 x 2.6

= 128.7kV (crest)

Discharge voltage on 80% basis = 52.8 x 2.6

= 137.28kV (crest)

Discharge voltage on nominal = 72.6 x 2.6

= 188.76kV (crest)

Insulation level for 100% arrester. From equation (3.4),

Li = 1.15 (1.1 x 188.76 +40)

= 284.78 kV (crest)

Insulation level for 80% arrester,

Li = 1.15 (1.1 x 137.28+40)

= 219.66 kV (crest)

Insulation level for 75% arrester,

Li = 1.15 (1.1 x 128.7+40)

= 208.81 kV (crest)

Minimum impulse insulation level, from Equation (3.10),

Ls = 3.88 x 188.76

= 732.389 kV

Minimum impulse insulation level on 80% basis,

Ls = 3.88 x 137.28

= 532.65 kV

Minimum impulse insulation level on 75% basis,

Ls = 3.88 x 128.7
 = 499.36 kV

Power Frequency withstand voltage on 100% basis, from Equation (3.12),

Lp= 2.3 x 66

= 151.8 kV

Power Frequency withstand voltage on 75% basis, from Equation (3.13),

Lp= 2.37 x 66

= 156.42 kV

Power Frequency withstand voltage on 80% basis, from Equation (3.13),

Lp= 2.53 x 66

= 166.98 kV

Output Voltage peak value = 72.6 x √2/√3

= 59.28kV

For resistance grounding system = 3.3times

Switching surge voltage = 59.28 x 3.3

= 196 kV

Require switching surge withstand = 196 x 1.1 =215.6 kV

Require number of insulator [A] = 4 [From Table 4.2]

Insulation Tolerance of [A] = 205 / 215.6 =0.95

Number of Excess Insulator = 1

Necessary for maintenance

Number of insulation installed [B] = [A] +1 = 4+1 =5

Insulation Tolerance of [B] = 265 / 215.6 = 1.23

Length of Insulator String = 0.146 x [B]

= 0.146 x 5 =0.73 m
Require Horn gap = 50cm =0.5m [From Table 4.3]

Insulation String Length (%)= (0.5/ 0.73) x 100

= 69%

Require minimum insulation gap = 50cm = 0.5m [From Table 4.4]