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▶ Thuy (2009): A comparative study of vietnamese EFl students revealed sample lesson Plans
that Clt-based instruction resulted in signiicantly greater oral luency than
because communicative language teaching does not adhere to a prescribed
conventional, grammar-oriented language teaching.
instructional method or format, teaching materials and lesson plans are highly
An examination of the research outlined above makes it clear that, on the whole, diverse, depending directly on the needs of the students and on the context in
communicative language teaching has had positive results in terms of comprehension, which the language is being taught. However, for the purpose of illustration,
oral luency and overall communicative competence. However, in terms of grammar some sample lesson plans have been included here.
and other structural aspects of language, results have been mixed, with some
learners showing no signiicant diference, or even underperforming, with respect lesson 1
to their peers who were taught using other approaches; while in other cases, the Diiculty Level: beginner
students taught according to Clt performed signiicantly better than their peers in
Age of Students: 6-7 years
terms of form-based as well as communicative tasks.
Lesson Topic: Home and Family
Suggestions for Practice and Further Study duration of Class Period: 40 Minutes
i. Using the internet, research the notional/functional Language Skills: Speaking and listening; following simple
dimension of language. Write a short paper (5-6 instructions.
pages) which includes the following information, using
Materials: drawing paper; crayons or pencils; lash cards
references to reliable sources to support your discussion:
with pictures of familiar items related to home and family
a. the theoretical perspective on the notional/func- (house, family members, pet animals, car, trees, sun, etc.).
tional view of language learning; Learning Objectives:
b. the scholars who are primarily associated with this concept;
• Students will be able to recognize and say the names of familiar objects and
c. A description of the key points of the notional/functional view of language; people related to home and family.
d. A discussion of how you believe that this understanding of language • Students will be able to give and respond to simple instructions.
relates to communicative language teaching.
introduction (10 minutes): teacher introduces new vocabulary related to home and
ii. design a single lesson plan that incorporates both receptive and productive
family life, using lashcards to familiarize students with the terms.
aspects of communication. your lesson plan should include the following:
Practice Activity (15 minutes): “draw a…”
a. the learner proiciency level targeted by the exercise;
Students are divided into pairs. Student #1 from each pair receives 4-5 random
b. the objective of the exercise; lashcards containing some of the vocabulary items; student #2 receives drawing
Lesson Topic: treasure Hunt Clarke, M., & Silberstein, S. (1977). toward a realization of psycholinguistic principles in the ESl
reading class. Language Learning, 27(1), 48-65.
duration of Class Period: 40 Minutes Genesee, F. (1987). Learning through two languages. rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Language Skills: reading; following directions Habermas, J. (1970). Zur logik der socialwissenschaten. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp.
about where to go. Harley, b., & Swain, M. (1984). the interlanguage of immersion students and its implications for
second language teaching. in A. davies, C. Criper, & A. Howatt (Eds.), Interlanguage (pp. 291-
Materials: Written “clues,” small rewards (stickers, 311). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
pencils, etc. as appropriate to the age of the learners); pencils and drawing paper. Hymes, d. (1971). Competence and performance in linguistic theory. in r. Huxley & E. ingram (Eds.).
Language acquisition: Models and methods (pp. 3-28). New york, Ny: Academic Press.
Preparation: teacher writes a numerical series of instructions, or “clues,” on small Hymes, d. H. (1972). On communicative competence. in J. b. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics.
pieces of paper: e.g., “look under the plant,” “check behind the door,” etc. All but Selected Readings (Part 2, pp. 269-293). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
the irst clue should then be hidden accordingly. in addition, the rewards should be inceçay, G., & inceçay, v. (2009). turkish university students’ perceptions of communicative and non-
communicative activities in EFl classroom. Proceedings of the World Conference on Educational
hidden in the location speciied by the inal clue.
Sciences, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 618-622.
Learning Objectives: kramsch, C. (1993). Language and culture. H. G. Widdowson, (Ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University
• Students will be able to read simple directions (such as up, down, let, right,
Press.
larsen-Freeman, d., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and principles in language teaching (3rd ed.).
in, out, and so on). london, England: Oxford University Press.
• Students will be able to follow simple instructions about where to go or look Ma, t. (2009). An empirical study on teaching listening in Elt. International Education Studies, 2(2),
126-134.
(e.g., “look on the shelf;” “turn let;” “walk through the door”).
Nunan, d. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge, England: Cambridge
Introduction (10 minutes): teacher introduces new vocabulary related to directions University Press.
and objects in the classroom, demonstrating “turn let (right);” “look under the desk Özsevik, Z. (2010). The use of communicative language teaching (CLT): Turkish EFL teachers’ perceived
diiculties in implementing CLT in Turkey (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of illinois,
(bookshelf/chair);” “look behind the door (board/clock),” etc.
Urbana-Champaign, il.
Practice Activity (15 minutes): Students work alone or in pairs. Each student or richards, J. C. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. New york, Ny: Cambridge University
pair of students is given the irst “clue” from a set of clues and is asked to follow the Press.
instructions. if they follow them correctly, they will discover richards, J. C., & rodgers, t. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). New
york, Ny: Cambridge University Press.
their “treasure” at the end of the exercise.
Savignon, S. J. (1972). Communicative competence: An experiment in foreign language teaching.
Practice Activity (15 minutes): Students are given drawing Philadelphia, PA: Center for Curriculum development.
materials, and the teacher gives directions such as “draw a Savignon, S. J. (1991). Communicative language teaching: State of the art. TESOL Quarterly, 25(2),
261-277.
school on the let side of the paper;” “draw a street in the
Savignon, S. J. (2002). Communicative language teaching: linguistic theory and classroom practice.
center of the paper;” “draw a house on the right side of the in S. J. Savignon (Ed.), Interpreting communicative language teaching (pp. 1-28). New Haven, Ct:
street;” and so on. yale University Press.
Image Credits
1. Telling a secret. image No. MP900448485. Courtesy of Fotolia. retrieved from http://oice.
microsot.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=telling%20secrets&ex=2#ai:MP900448485|
2. female teacher in classroom. image No. MP900439542. Courtesy of iStockphoto.
retrieved from http://oice.microsot.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=teacher&ex=1
#ai:MP900439542|
3. Photograph of globes for geography studies. image No. MP900305797. Courtesy of
oice.microsot.com. retrieved from http://oice.microsot.com/en-us/images/results.asp
x?qu=globe&ex=1#ai:MP900305797|
4. Globe with cutouts of igures. image No. MP900433193. Courtesy of iStockphoto.
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i:MP900433193|
5. Diverse young adults on a bench. image No. MP900439453. Courtesy of iStockphoto.
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#ai:MP900439453|
6. Teacher. image No. MC900438963. Courtesy of oice.microsot.com. retrieved from
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|mt:1|
7. Three students writing homework and studying in a library. image No. MP900427825.
Courtesy of oice.microsot.com. retrieved from http://oice.microsot.com/en-us/
images/results.aspx?qu=study&ex=1#ai:MP900427825|
8. Young boy in classroom. image No. MP900439406. Courtesy of iStockphoto. retrieved
from http://oice.microsot.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=child+in+classroom&ex=
1#ai:MP900439406|
9. Color crayon drawing a wavy line. image No. MC900013073. Courtesy of oice.micro-
sot.com. retrieved from http://oice.microsot.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=crayo
n&ex=1#ai:MC900013073|
10. A child’s illustration of a two-story house on top of a hill. image No. MC900391412.
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images/results.aspx?qu=child%27s+drawing&ex=1#ai:MC900391412|
11. A pirate treasure map. image No. MC900055651. Courtesy of oice.microsot.com.
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