General Information

The Most Excellent Order of the Sobriquets Of Places/Persons List Of Alcoholic Beverages
British Empire
List Of Liqueurs Indian Army Regiments Mother Teresa Quotes
Discoveries Body Facts List of theorems
List of music styles List of Blood Groups Best 10 Animal Movies
20 Best Mystery Movies
THE MOST EXCELLENT ORDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by
George V of the United Kingdom.[1][2] The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions.
In descending order of seniority, these are:
* Knight Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE) or Dame Grand Cross
of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE) see Knight Grand Cross. [3]
* Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) or Dame Commander
of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE)
* Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)
* Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)
* Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE)
SOBRIQUETS OF PLACES/PERSONS
1.Granite City : Aberdeen 2.Dark Continent : Africa
3.Herring Pond : Atlantic Ocean 4.Land of the Golden Fleece : Australia
5.Land of the Kangaroo : Australia 6.Gateway of Tears : Bab-el-mandab
7.Island of Pearls : Bahrain 8.Cockpit of Europe : Belgium
9.White City : Belgrade 10.Land of Thunderbolt : Bhutan
11.Land of Lilies : Canada 12.Land of Maple : Canada
13.Windy City : Chicago 14.Pearl of Antilles : Cuba
15.Sugar Bowl of the World : Cuba 16.Gift of the Nile : Egypt
17.Land of Thousand Lakes : Finland 18.Key of the Mediterranean : Gibraltar
19.Pillars of Hercules : Gibraltar 20.Land of the Eskimos : Greenland
21.Emerald Island : Ireland 22.Pink City : Jaipur
23.Land of the Rising Sun : Japan 24.Garden of England : Kent
25.Hermit Kingdom : Korea 26.Land of Morning Calm : Korea
27.Port of Five Seas : Moscow 28.Land of the Golden Pagoda : Myanmar
29.Land of Canals : Netherlands 30.Land of Tulips : Netherlands
31.Land of Windmills : Netherlands 32.City of Skyscrapers : New York
33.Empire City : New York 34.Land of the Midnight Sun : Norway
35.City of Dreaming Spires : Oxford 36.Holy Land : Palestine
37.City of Brotherly Love : Philadelphia 38.Quaker City : Philadelphia
39.City of Seven Hills : Rome 40.Eternal City : Rome
41.City of the Golden Gate : San Francisco 42.Land of Cakes : Scotland
43.Venice of the North : Stockholm 44.Playground of Europe : Switzerland
45.Land of the White Elephant : Thailand 46.World's Loneliest Island : Tristan da Cunha
47.Sick Man of Europe : Turkey 48.City of Canals : Venice
49.Queen of the Adriatic : Venice 50.City of Magnificent Distances : Washington DC
51.Island of Cloves : Zanzibar
* Which is the Granite City?-Aberdeen, Scotland

* Which is the Dark Continent?-Africa
* Which is the City of the Golden Temple?Amritsar, India
* Which is the Land of the Golden Fleece?Australia
* Which is the Land of the Kangaroo?Australia
* Which is the Island of Pearls?Banrain
* Which is the Garden City of India?Bangalore
* Which is the Cockpit of Europe?Belgium
* Which is the White City? Belgrade, Yugoslavia
* Which is the Gateway of India?Bombay
* Which is known as the the Great White Way?Broadway, NewYork
* Which is known as the Land of the Golden Pagoda?Burma(Myanmar)
* Which is known as the City of Palaces?Kolkata
* Which is the Land of Lilies?Canada
* Which is the Land of Maple?Canada
* Which is the Windy City?Chicago, USA
* Which is the Venice of East?Alappuzha
* Which is the Queen of Arabian Sea?Cochin, India
* Which is the Pearl of the Antilles?Cuba
* Which is the Gift of Nile?Egypt
* Which is the Land of Thousand Lakes?Finland
* Which is known as The Emerald Island?Ireland
* Which is the Island of Pearls?Bahrain
* Which is the Sugar Bowl of the World?Cuba
* Which is known as the Land of Rising Sun?Japan
* Which is the Hermit Kingdom?Korea
* Which is the port of five Seas? Moscow
* Which is the Land of Canals?Netherlands
* Which is the Empire City?NewYork
* Which is the Land of White Elephant?Thailand
* Which is the Sick Man of Europe?Turkey
* Which is the Queen of the Adriatic?Venice
* Which is the Island of Cloves?Zanzibar
* Which is the Venice of the North?Stockholm
* Which is the City of the Golden Gate?San Francisco
* Which is the City of Seven Hills?Rome
* Which is the City of Brotherly Love?Philadelphia
* Which is the City of Dreaming Spires?Oxford
* Which is the Land of Windmills?Netherlands
* Which is the Land of the Canals?Netherlands
* Which is the Land of Thunderbolt?Bhutan
* Which is the Holy Land?Palestine
* Which is Land of Humming Bird?Trinidad
* Which is the Rose Pink City?Jaipur
* Which is the playground of Europe?Switzerland
* Which is the Diamond City in India?Surat, Gujarat
LAKES/OCEANS/SEA
* Which is known as The Herring Pond?Atlantic Ocean
* Which is known as the Sorrow of China?River Hwang Ho
PERSONS
* Who is known as Frontier Gandhi?Abdul Gaffar Khan
* Who is known as Fuhrer?Adolf Hitler
* Who is known as Lokmanya?Bal Gangadhar Tilak
* Who is known as Deenabandhu?C F Andrews
* Who is known as Anna?C N Annadurai
* Who is known as Rajaji?C Rajagopalachari
* Who is the Grand Old Man of India?Dadabhai Naoroji
* Who is the Iron Duke?Duke of Wellington
* Who is known as Ike?Dwight David
* Who is known as the King Maker?Eisenhower Earl of Warwick
* Who is known as Desert Fox?Erwin Rommel
* Who is the Lady with the Lamp?Florence Nightingale
* Who is El Cauclillo? Francisco Franco
* Who is the known as Chacha?Jawaharlal Nehru
* Who is known as Loknayak?Jayaprakash Narayan
* Who is known as Maid of Orleans?Joan of Arc
* Who is known as Man of Peace?Lal Bahadur Shastri
* Who is known as Punjab Kesari?Lala Lajpat Rai
* Who is the Father of the Nation? Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
* Who is known as Guruji?M S Gohlwalkar
* Who is Man of Destiny? Napolean Bonaparte
* Who is Man of Blood and Iron?Otto Von Bismark
* Who is known as Gurudev?Rabindranath Tagore
* Who is the Nightingale of India?Sarojini Naidu
* Who is known as Netaji?Subhash Chandra Bose
* Who is the Wizard of the North? Walter Scott
* Who is the Grand Old Man of Britain? Willian Ewart Glandstone
LIST OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Fermented beverages
* Beer
o Ale
+ Barleywine
+ Bitter ale
+ Mild ale
+ Pale ale
+ Porter
# Stout
+ Cask ale
+ Stock ale
o Fruit Beer
o Lager beer
+ Bock
+ Dry beer
+ Maerzen/Oktoberfest Beer
+ Pilsener
+ Schwarzbier
o Sahti
o Small beer
o Wheat beer
+ Witbier White Beer
+ Hefeweizen
* Cauim
* Chicha
* Cider
* Huangjiu
* Icariine Liquor
* Kilju
* Kumis
* Lappish Hag's Love Potion
* Mead
* Palm wine
* Perry
* Plum jerkum
* Pulque
* Sake
* Sonti
* Tepache
* Tonto
* Tiswin
* Wine
o Fruit wine
o Table wine
o Sangria
o Sparkling wine
+ Champagne
o Fortified wine
+ Port
+ Madeira
+ Marsala
+ Sherry
+ Vermouth
+ Vinsanto
Distilled beverages
* Spirits
o Absinthe
o Akvavit
o Arak
o Arrack
o Baijiu
o Cachaça
o Gin
+ Damson gin
+ Sloe gin
o Horilka
o Kaoliang
o Maotai
o Mezcal
o Neutral grain spirit
o Ogogoro
o Ouzo
o Palinka
o Pisco
o Rakia
+ Slivovitz
o Rum
o Soju
o Tequila
o Vodka
o Metaxa
o Whisky
+ Bourbon
+ Scotch
+ Tennessee whiskey
o Brandy
+ Armagnac
+ Cognac
+ Fruit brandy, Eau-de-vie (French), Schnapps - Obstwasser (German)
# Damassine
# Himbeergeist
# Kirsch
# Poire Williams
# Williamine
# Zwetschgenwasser
LIST OF LIQUEURS
List of liqueurs
Berry liqueurs
* 99 Berries
* Chambord (raspberry)
* Creme de cassis (blackcurrant)
* Guavaberry (guavaberry)
* Hideous (potato neutral spirit, with added natural flavors derived from berries grown in the state of
Washington [including raspberries and other berries] and citrus fruits)
* Lakka (cloudberry)
* Lillehammer (lingonberry)
* Lubelskie Zurawinówka (cranberry)
* Lubelskie Wisniówka (cherry)
* Murtado (Ugni molinae berries)
* Polar Cranberry
* Prunelle (sloe berry)
* Razzmatazz (raspberry)
* Sloe gin (sloe)
* VeeV (acai)
* Whidbeys (loganberry)
* XUXU (strawberry)
Chocolate liqueurs
Main article: Chocolate liqueur
Coffee liqueurs
* Allen's Coffee Brandy

* Aruba Arehucas
* Bahia Coffee Liqueur
* Bols Coffee Liqueur
* Café Aztec
* Café Britt Coffee Liqueur
* Café Oriental
* Café Marakesh
* Caffè Borghetti
* Coloma
* Copa De Oro
* Duchalet Café Liqueur
* Dwersteg's Organic Coffee Liqueur
* The Evil Monk
* illy Espresso Liqueur
* Kahlúa
* Kaloré
* Kamora
* Kapali
* Keuck Türkisch Mokka
* Kona Gold
* Kosaken Kaffee
* De Kuyper Crème de Café
* Lauterer Luft
* Leroux Coffee-Flavored Brandy.
* Mokatika
* Mr. Boston Coffee-Flavored Brandy.
* Patron XO CAFE
* Sabra
* Sabroso
* Sheridan's
* Starbucks Coffee Liqueur
* Tia Maria
* Toussaint Coffee Liqueur
* Vibe Robusta Coffee Liqueur
* Vok Coffee Liqueur
Cream liqueurs
A bottle and glass of Carolans
* Advocaat
* Amarula (sugar, cream, and the fruit of the African marula tree)
* Baileys Irish Cream
* Baja Rosa
* Carolans
* Creme de la Creme Maple Cream Liqueur
* Cruzan_Rum Cream
* Dooley's
* Drumgray Highland Cream Liqueur
* Dulce de Leche Liqueur (Caribbean rum, caramel and cream)
* Dwersteg's Organic Coffee Cream Liqueur
* Emmets Classic Cream: Irelands Cream Liqueur
* Hare Turkish Coffee Cream Liqueur
* Heather Cream (A Scottish Cream Liqueur)
* Keke Beach Key Lime Cream Liqueur
* McCormick's Irish Cream
* Merlyn Cream Liqueur
* Mozart Gold Chocolate Cream
* Mozart White Chocolate Cream
* O'Leary's Irish Cream
* Ponche Caribe
* Ponche crema
* Ponche Diva
* Ponche Kuba
* Rompope
* Sangster's
* Saint Brendan's Irish Cream Liqueur
* Spirit of Liberty America's Cream Liqueur (1/3 less calories than Bailey's)
* Starbucks Cream Liqueur
* Tequila Rose
* Vana Tallinn Cream
* Vermeer Dutch Chocolate Cream Liqueur
* VOODOO classique cream liqueur
* Voyant Chai Cream (a chai-flavoured liqueur containing oak-aged rum, cream, black tea, vanilla,
and spices)
Crème liqueurs
A bottle and glass of Crème de cassis
* Crème de banane
* Crème de cacao
* Crème de cassis
* Crème de Cerise
* Crema di Fragole
* Crème de menthe
* Crème de mûre
* Crème de Noyaux
* Crème de Rose
* Creme de violette
* Parfait d'Amour
Flower liqueurs
A bottle of Crème de Violette
* Bulgarian rose liqueur—from the Valley of the Roses

* Crème de Rose (rose)
* Crème de violette (violet)
* Crème Yvette (violet, vanilla)
* Fior d'Alpi (alpine flowers, herbs)
* Lavender Liqueur (lavender)
* Liqueur de Rose (rose)
* Meikueilu Chiew (Mey Kwei Loo Liqueur) (rose)
* My Rose (rose, with a whole rose in the bottle) (Christian di Marco My Rose Liqueur)
* Rosolio (rose)
* St-Germain (elderflower)
* Shan Hibiscus (hibiscus, coconut)
* Shan Lotus (lotus, passion fruit)
* Shan Rose (rose, lychee)
* Xaica (Hibiscus)
Fruit liqueurs
A bottle of homemade limoncello
* Amabilli (banana)
* Amarula African liqueur (marula fruit)
* Aurum (rum, tea, and tangerines)
* Bajtra—Maltese liqueur (prickly pear)
* Cherry Heering (cherry)
* Cosa Gialla (citrus fruits)[citation needed]
* Cointreau (orange)
* Cuarenta Y Tres/Licor 43 (citrus, vanilla)
* Curaçao (bitter orange)
* Damson gin (Damson)
* DeKuyper Pomegranate (pomegranate)
* Destinee (tropical fruit)
* Dwersteg's Organic Orange Liqueur
* Espiritu del Ecuador (20 Ecuadoran fruits, including peach, chocolate, cherry, and almond)
* Ginjinha (cherry)
* Grand Marnier (orange)
* Grapèro (pink grapefruit)
* Guignolet (wild cherry)
* Hare Visne (sour cherry)
* Hideous (potato neutral spirit, with added natural flavors derived from berries grown in the state of
Washington [including raspberries and other berries] and citrus fruits)
* Hypnotiq (tropical fruit)
* Slivovitz (plum)
* KeKe Beach (lime cream)
* Kruškovac (pear)
* Kwai Feh (lychee)
* Lichido (vodka, cognac, lychee and guava essences, and white peach juice)
* Limoncello (lemon liqueur)
* Ly Shan (lychee)
* Mandarine Napoleon (mandarin)
* Manzana verde (green apple)
* Maraschino (cherry)
* Medronho (strawberry tree/arbutus)
* Midori (melon)
* 99 bananas (99-proof banana-flavored schnapps)
* Noyau de Poissy (apricot)
* NUVO (fruit nectars and sparkling chardonnay and pinot noir wines)
* PAMA (pomegranate)
* Passoã (passion fruit; also comes in mango, pineapple, and coconut flavors)
* Pisang Ambon (banana)
* Pucker (apple)
* Tyku (yuzu, honeydew, mangosteen, ginseng, green tea, goji berry)
* Triple sec (orange)
* X-Rated Fusion Liqueur (blood orange, mango and passion fruit)
* Van der Hum (tangerines, herbs, spices, seeds and barks)
* Vok Banana Liqueur
* Vok Melon Liqueur
Herbal liqueurs
Note: the exact recipes of many herbal liqueurs (which may contain up to 50 or more different herbs)
are often closely guarded trade secrets. The primary herbal ingredients are listed where known.
Anise-flavored liqueurs
A bottle of ouzo
Note: Absinthe, Arak, Raki, and similar anise-flavored beverages contain no sugar and thus are
flavored liquors rather than liqueurs.
* Aguardiente/Aguardente—Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Portugal

* Anís—Spain
* Anisetta—Italy
* Anisette—France
* Alpestre—Italy
* Arquebuse de l'Hermitage—France
* Centerba—Italy (infusion of 100 high mountain herbs)
* Cosa Nera—Italy [1]
* Dimmi—Italy (infusion of Italian Absinthe, Anise, Vanilla, Ginseng, Rhubarb, Bitter Orange, Apricot
and Peach Blossom)
* Galliano—Italy
* Hierbas de Mallorca—Majorca
* Herbsaint—United States
* Mastica—Greece/Bulgaria
* Mistrà—Italy
* Ouzo—Greece
* Pastis—France
* Passione Nera—Italy
* Patxaran—Spain
* Pernod Fils
* Pernod Ricard
* Raki—Greece/Turkey
* Sambuca—Italy
* Vespetrò—Italy
* Xtabentún—Mexico
Other herbal liqueurs

* Agwa de Bolivia (37 Herbs)
* Altvater
* Amaro
* Angelika Bitter (11 herbs, especially Angelica archangelica)
* Appenzeller (42 herbs)
* Becherovka (anise seeds, cinnamon, and other herbs)
* Beirão (seeds and herbs from around the world)
* Bénédictine (27 plants and spices)
* Black Forest Devil, called Schwarzwald-Teufel in Germany, uses over 42 herbs including
St.John's wort 102 proof
* Canton (spirits, brandy, six varieties of ginger, ginseng, and honey)
* Chartreuse (130 herbal extracts)
* Demänovka (14 herbs and honey)
* Everglo (tequila, vodka, caffeine, and ginseng)
* Galliano (30 herbs)
* Danzig Goldwasser (gold leaf, roots, and herbs)
* Goldschläger (cinnamon, with gold leaf)
* Jaan Paan Liqueur (sweet paan flavored)
* Killepitsch (combination of 90 fruits, berries, herbs, and spices)
* Jägermeister (56 herbs)
* Fläminger Jagd (38 herbs)
* Krupnik (honey and up to 50 different herbs)
* Kümmel (caraway seed, cumin, and fennel)
* Mastichato (mastic resin)
* Menta (peppermint liqueur)
* Metaxa
* Minttu (peppermint)
* Paan (betel leaf, betel nuts, saffron, cardamom, sandalwood, and other herbs and spices)
* Riga Black Balsam (Rigas Melnais Balzams)
* Strega (70 herbs, including mint, fennel, and saffron)
* St. Hubertus (liqueur) (several herbs, caramel and citric acid)
* Underberg a German digestif bitter
* Underground (liqueur) America's Herbal Spirit made from an undisclosed number of herbs from
around world.
* Unicum (more than 40 herbs)
* Zen (matcha green tea from Kyoto, Japan, with lemon grass and other herbs. Manufactured by
Suntory)
Honey liqueurs
* Bärenjäger
* Brandymel
* Drambuie
* Ron Miel
* Tennessee Honey—Jack Daniel's
Nut-flavored liqueurs
* Amaretto (almonds, or the almond-like kernels from apricots, peaches, cherries, or similar stone
fruits)
* Bellota (acorns)
* Dumante (pistachio)
* Dwersteg's Organic Amaretto Liqueur (organic liqueur with distillate from almond kernels)
* Frangelico (hazelnuts and herbs)
* Kahana Royale (macadamia nut)
* Nocello (walnut and hazelnut)
* Nocino (unripe green walnuts)
* Castries Peanut Rum Creme (peanut)
* Peanut Lolita (peanut)
* Ratafia (brandy flavored with almonds, fruit, or fruit kernels—also a flavored biscuit)
Whisky liqueurs
* Atholl Brose (Scotch whisky, Benromach single malt spirit, honey, secret spice recipe, from
Gordon & Macphail)
* Bruadar (Scotch whisky, honey, sloe)
* Cock o' the North (single malt, blaeberry)
* Drambuie (Scotch, heather honey, herbs, and spices)
* Eblana (Irish whiskey, coffee, honey, almond, peanut)
* Famous Grouse liqueur (Scotch, bourbon, citrus, spices)
* Fireball Cinnamon Whisky (Canadian whisky, cinnamon, spices)
* Glayva (Scotch, Seville oranges, herbs, and honey)
* Glenfiddich Malt liqueur (Scotch, citrus, pear, brown sugar)
* Glenturret Malt liqueur (Glenturret single malt, honey, spices)
* Irish Mist (aged Irish whiskey, heather and clover honey, aromatic herbs, and other spirits)
* Jeremiah Weed (Bourbon whiskey, orange, vanilla)
* Lochan Ora (Chivas, honey, herbs and spices)
* Murray Scottish Highland Liqueur (Scotch, honey, sloe)
* Old Pulteney liqueur (Old Pulteney single malt, prune, spices)
* Orangerie (Scotch, oranges, spices)
* Rock and Rye (American rye whiskey, citrus, rock candy)
* Stag's Breath (Speyside malts and fermented comb honey)
* Sundakanchi (rice-based)[citation needed]
* Wallace Liqueur (Deanston single malt, Scottish berries, French herbs)
* Wild Turkey American Honey (Wild Turkey (bourbon), honey, spices)
* Yukon Jack (Canadian whisky, honey)
Other liqueurs
* Advocaat (egg yolks and vanilla)

* After Shock (several varieties, the most popular of which is cinnamon)
* Agnes (orange peels, apples, vanilla and caraway seeds)
* Aurum (rum, tea, and tangerines)
* Baczewski
* Bärenfang (honey) One export version is named Bärenjäger
* Bloody Oath (vodka, herbs and spices)
* Campari (bitter and aromatic herbs, plants, and fruit)
* Cynar (artichoke and other herbs and plants)
* Damiana (herb of the same name)
* Gabriel (cinnamon, apple, black pepper and peppermint)
* Génépi (alpine flower of the same name)
* Izarra (numerous herbs and other flavorings)
* Jumbie (rum liqueur)
* Licor de oro (whey, saffron and lemon peel)
* Lubelska Miodówka (honey)
* Kajmir (vanilla, brandy, and vodka)
* Kännu Kukk
* Krupnik (honey)
* Mesi (honey)
* Patxaran (sloe berries, coffee beans, and vanilla pod)
* Pimento (not the peppers stuffed into olives, but Allspice. Made in Jamaica by Wray and
Nephews)
* Qi (lapsang souchong tea, fruits, spices, and Chardonnay brandy)
* Qi White (orange, ginger, clove, other herbs and spices, and white tea)
* Rumpleminze (peppermint)
* Salmiakki Koskenkorva (Salmiakkikossu, salmari) (salmiakki—Originally Turkish Pepper salty
licorice)
* Sève Fournier—Champagne cognac, cocoa sap, vanilla, iris, and plant extracts
* Southern Comfort (neutral grain spirits with whiskey, peach, orange and spice flavorings)
* Tsipouro
* St. Germain (elderflower)
* Tuaca (brandy, vanilla, and citrus)
* TY KU (Asian spirit base (sake and soju), with yuzu, honeydew, mangosteen, green tea, wolfberry,
and ginseng)
* Vana Tallinn (rum, citrus oil, vanilla, cinnamon, and other spices)
* Vov (egg yolk, sugar and marsala wine)
* Voyant Chai Cream (a chai-flavoured liqueur containing oak-aged rum, cream, black tea, vanilla,
and spices)
* Y Chilli (cinnamon, chili peppers, and other ingredients)
INDIAN ARMY REGIMENTS

Military Man Power
Active troops 1,325,000 (3rd)
Reserve forces 1,155,000 (7th)
Paramilitary forces 1,293,300 (4th)
Components
Indian Army Flag of Indian Army.svg
Indian Air Force Ensign of the Indian Air Force.svg
Indian Navy Naval Ensign of India.svg
Indian Coast Guard Indian Coast Guard flag.png
Paramilitary forces of India
Strategic Nuclear Command
History
Military history of India
Ranks
Air Force ranks and insignia
Army ranks and insignia
Naval ranks and insignia
Infantry Regiments (30)
Listed in the order of precedence :
* Brigade of the Guards

* The Parachute Regiment
* Mechanised Infantry Regiment
* Punjab Regiment
* Madras Regiment
* The Grenadiers
* Maratha Light Infantry
* Rajputana Rifles
* Rajput Regiment
* Jat Regiment
* Sikh Regiment
* Sikh Light Infantry
* Dogra Regiment
* Garhwal Rifles
* Kumaon Regiment
* Assam Regiment
* Bihar Regiment
* Mahar Regiment
* Jammu & Kashmir Rifles
* Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry
* Naga Regiment
* 1 Gorkha Rifles
* 3 Gorkha Rifles
* 4 Gorkha Rifles
* 5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
* 8 Gorkha Rifles
* 9 Gorkha Rifles
* 11 Gorkha Rifles
* Ladakh Scouts
* Arunachal Scouts
Armoured Regiments (62)

See also: Indian Army Armoured Corps
* President's Bodyguard
* 1 Horse or Skinner's Horse
* 2 Lancers
* 3rd Cavalry (see http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/3RD%20CAVALRY for history)
* 4 Horse or 'Hodson's Horse'
* 5 Armoured Regiment
* 6 Lancers
* 7 Cavalry
* 8 Cavalry
* 9 Horse or 'The Deccan Horse'
* 14 Horse or 'The Scinde Horse'
* 16 Cavalry
* 17 Horse (The Poona Horse)
* 18 Cavalry
* 20 Lancers
* Central India Horse (in 21st position)
* 41 Armoured Regiment (India)
* 43 Armoured Regiment- The only regiment in the Armoured Corps to hold the MBT Arjun as part
of its standard weapons platform.
* 45 Cavalry
* 61 Cavalry
* 62 Cavalry
* 63 Cavalry
* 64 Cavalry
* 75 Armoured Regiment - the only Indian armoured regiment to have been raised on foreign soil
during the 1971 Indo-Pak war at Gadra Road (now in Pakistan)on 12 March 1972.
Units of the Regiment of Artillery
A few of the units of artillery are listed below:
* 9 Parachute Field Regiment

* 15 Medium Regiment
* 16 Field Regiment
* 37 (Coorg) Anti-Tank Regiment RIA
* 40 Field Regiment (Asal Uttar)
* 61 Medium Regiment (has served periods with 17th Mountain Division)
* 63 Field Regiment
* 70 Regiment (medium or field)(SAVIOURS)
* 76 Field Regiment
* 80 Field Regiment
* 99 Field Regiment (Sylhet)
* 168 Field Regiment
* 169 Field Regiment (Longewala)
* 175 Regiment (Field or Medium)
* 195 Field Regiment (Banwat)
* 315 Field Regiment[1]
* 821 Light Regiment
* 3342 msl regt
* [279 SATA Bty]
* 91 Field Regiment
* 122 SATA Regiment
* 125 SATA Regiment (Sawa Lakh) India's First Regiment to be equipped with the Heron UAVs
* 161 field regiment
Engineer Groups
These were formed from the Sapper and Miner Groups of each of the erstwhile presidencies of British
India. They are listed below in order of precedence:
* Madras Sappers
* Bengal Sappers
* Bombay Sappers
MOTHER TERESA QUOTES

“If you judge people, you have no time to love them.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: judge , judgemental , love , time
13,256 people liked it
like
“People are often unreasonable and self-centered. Forgive them anyway.
If you are kind, people may accuse you of ulterior motives. Be kind anyway.
If you are honest, people may cheat you. Be honest anyway.
If you find happiness, people may be jealous. Be happy anyway.
The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.
Give the world the best you have and it may never be enough. Give your best anyway.
For you see, in the end, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: catholicism , christianity , forgiveness , god , goodness , happiness , honesty , kindness , relgion
, world
like
“Not all of us can do great things. But we can do small things with great love.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: actions , can-do , great-love , great-things , inspirational , love , small-things
like
“Life is an opportunity, benefit from it.
Life is beauty, admire it.
Life is a dream, realize it.
Life is a challenge, meet it.
Life is a duty, complete it.
Life is a game, play it.
Life is a promise, fulfill it.
Life is sorrow, overcome it.
Life is a song, sing it.
Life is a struggle, accept it.
Life is a tragedy, confront it.
Life is an adventure, dare it.
Life is luck, make it.
Life is too precious, do not destroy it.
Life is life, fight for it.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: life , life-is
like
“I know God won't give me anything I can't handle. I just wish he didn't trust me so much.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: catholicism , christianity , god , inspirational , religion
like
“Peace begins with a smile..”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , peace , smile , smiling
like
“I have found the paradox, that if you love until it hurts, there can be no more hurt, only more love.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
like
“I am not sure exactly what heaven will be like, but I know that when we die and it comes time for God
to judge us, he will not ask, 'How many good things have you done in your life?' rather he will ask,
'How much love did you put into what you did?”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , love
like
“Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: echoes , endless , kind-words , kindness , love , words
like
“Do not think that love in order to be genuine has to be extraordinary. What we need is to love without
getting tired. Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: belief , faith
like
“Everytime you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, a beautiful thing.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: action , beautiful , gift , kindness , love , smile , smiling
like
“Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: carpe-diem , future , past , present , time
853 people liked it
like
“The hunger for love is much more difficult to remove than the hunger for bread.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
837 people liked it
like
“Let no one ever come to you without leaving better and happier. Be the living expression of God's
kindness: kindness in your face, kindness in your eyes, kindness in your smile.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: happiness
678 people liked it
like
“If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: compassion , connecting , humanity , inspirational , love , sharing
645 people liked it
like
“Live simply so others may simply live.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: life
614 people liked it
like
“It's not how much we give but how much love we put into giving.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: charity , giving , love
592 people liked it
like
“Never travel faster than your guardian angel can fly.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: humor , inspirational
588 people liked it
like
“God doesn't require us to succeed, he only requires that you try.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: god , inspirational
578 people liked it
like
“At the end of life we will not be judged by how many diplomas we have received, how much money
we have made, how many great things we have done.
We will be judged by "I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat, I was naked and you clothed
me. I was homeless, and you took me in.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: activism , service
533 people liked it
like
“What can you do to promote world peace? Go home and love your family.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: food , world-hunger
488 people liked it
like
“The most terrible poverty is loneliness, and the feeling of being unloved.”
? Mother Teresa
401 people liked it
like
“I'm a little pencil in the hand of a writing God, who is sending a love letter to the world.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
382 people liked it
like
“If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives; be kind anyway.
If you are successful, you will win some false friends and true enemies; succeed anyway.
If you are honest and frank, people may cheat you; be honest and frank anyway.
If you find serenity and happiness, they may be jealous; be happy anyway.
The good you do today, people will often forget tomorrow; do good anyway…
You see, in the final analysis, it is between you and God; it was never between you and them anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , life-lessons
380 people liked it
like
“I alone cannot change the world, but I can cast a stone across the waters to create many ripples.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: change , community , incrementalism , world , yourself
371 people liked it
like
“May today there be peace within. May you trust that you are exactly where you are meant to be. May
you not forget the infinite possibilities that are born of faith in yourself and others. May you use the
gifts that you have received, and pass on the love that has been given to you. May you be content with
yourself just the way you are. Let this knowledge settle into your bones, and allow your soul the
freedom to sing, dance, praise and love. It is there for each and every one of us." ...”
? Mother Teresa
317 people liked it
like
“We know only too well that what we are doing is nothing more than a drop in the ocean. But if the
drop were not there, the ocean would be missing something.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: actions , drop , good-works , ocean
284 people liked it
like
“If you are humble nothing will touch you, neither praise nor disgrace, because you know what you
are.”
? Mother Teresa
283 people liked it
like
“A life not lived for others is not a life.”
? Mother Teresa
281 people liked it
like
“Reach high, for stars lie hidden in your soul. Dream deep, for every dream precedes the goal.”
? Mother Teresa
278 people liked it
like
“I can do things you cannot, you can do things I cannot; together we can do great things.”
? Mother Teresa
272 people liked it
like
“Prayer is not asking. Prayer is putting oneself in the hands of God, at His disposition, and listening to
His voice in the depth of our hearts.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: prayer
252 people liked it
like
“If you can't feed a hundred people, feed just one.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: courageous
251 people liked it
like
“The greatest disease in the West today is not TB or leprosy; it is being unwanted, unloved, and
uncared for. We can cure physical diseases with medicine, but the only cure for loneliness, despair,
and hopelessness is love. There are many in the world who are dying for a piece of bread but there
are many more dying for a little love. The poverty in the West is a different kind of poverty -- it is not
only a poverty of loneliness but also of spirituality. There's a hunger for love, as there is a hunger for
God.”
? Mother Teresa, A Simple Path: Mother Teresa
tags: inspiration , love , medicine , spirituality
240 people liked it
like
“Let nothing perturb you, nothing frighten you. All things pass. God does not change. Patience
achieves everything.”
? Mother Teresa
239 people liked it
like
“The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
232 people liked it
like
“Love to be real, it must cost—it must hurt—it must empty us of self.”
? Mother Teresa
212 people liked it
like
“God made the world for the delight of human beings-- if we could see His goodness everywhere, His
concern for us, His awareness of our needs: the phone call we've waited for, the ride we are offered,
the letter in the mail, just the little things He does for us throughout the day. As we remember and
notice His love for us, we just begin to fall in love with Him because He is so busy with us -- you just
can't resist Him. I believe there's no such thing as luck in life, it's God's love, it's His.”
tags: god , inspiration , love , spirituality
209 people liked it
like
“The person who gives with a smile is the best giver because God loves a cheerful giver.”
? Mother Teresa
196 people liked it
like
“If we pray, we will believe; If we believe, we will love; If we love, we will serve.”
? Mother Teresa
188 people liked it
like
“It is a poverty to decide that a child must die so that you may live as you wish.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: abortion , child
182 people liked it
like
“Spread the love of God through your life but only use words when necessary.”
? Mother Teresa
175 people liked it
like
“Being unwanted, unloved, uncared for, forgotten by everybody, I think that is a much greater hunger,
a much greater poverty than the person who has nothing to eat.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: poverty
168 people liked it
like
“Do not wait for leaders; do it alone, person to person.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational
167 people liked it
like
“Never worry about numbers. Help one person at a time and always start with the person nearest you.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: incrementalism
164 people liked it
like
“People are unrealistic, illogical, and self-centered. Love them anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
160 people liked it
like
“Without patience, we will learn less in life. We will see less. We will feel less. We will hear less.
Ironically, rush and more usually mean less.”
? Mother Teresa
145 people liked it
like
“When you don't have anything, then you have everything.”
? Mother Teresa
139 people liked it
like
“Prayer in action is love, love in action is service.”
? Mother Teresa
139 people liked it
like
“Each one of them is Jesus in disguise.”
? Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa quotes (showing 51-100 of 157)

“Work without love is slavery.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: faith , love , work
120 people liked it
like
“Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: hope , religious , spiritual
120 people liked it
like
“I would rather make mistakes in kindness and compassion than work miracles in unkindness and
hardness.”
? Mother Teresa, A Gift for God: Prayers and Meditations
tags: compassion , inspirational , kindness
114 people liked it
like
“In the West we have a tendency to be profit-oriented, where everything is measured according to the
results and we get caught up in being more and more active to generate results. In the East --
especially in India -- I find that people are more content to just be, to just sit around under a banyan
tree for half a day chatting to each other. We Westerners would probably call that wasting time. But
there is value to it. Being with someone, listening wihtout a clock and without anticipation of results,
teaches us about love. The success of love is in the loving -- it is not in the result of loving. ”
tags: efficiency , love , simplicity , time
109 people liked it
like
“Life is a game, play it.”
? Mother Teresa
109 people liked it
like
“I do not pray for success, I ask for faithfulness.”
? Mother Teresa
103 people liked it
like
“I pray that you will understand the words of Jesus, “Love one another as I have loved you.” Ask
yourself “How has he loved me? Do I really love others in the same way?” Unless this love is among
us, we can kill ourselves with work and it will only be work, not love. Work without love is slavery.”
? Mother Teresa
102 people liked it
like
“Let us make one point, that we meet each other with a smile, when it is difficult to smile. Smile at
each other, make time for each other in your family.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: kindness-smile-family-giving
100 people liked it
like
“The Simple Path
Silence is Prayer
Prayer is Faith
Faith is Love
Love is Service
The Fruit of Service is Peace”
? Mother Teresa
tags: faith , love , mother , path , peace , prayer , service , simple , teresa
95 people liked it
like
“The so-called right to abortion has pitted mothers against their children and women against men. It
has sown violence and discord at the heart of the most intimate human relationships. It has
aggravated the derogation of the father's role in an increasingly fatherless society. It has portrayed the
greatest of gifts--a child--as a competitor, an intrusion and an inconvenience. It has nominally
accorded mothers unfettered dominion over the dependent lives of their physically dependent sons
and daughters. And, in granting this unconscionable power, it has exposed many women to unjust and
selfish demands from their husbands or other sexual partners.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: abortion
91 people liked it
like
“Joy is a net of love in which you can catch souls.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: human
88 people liked it
like
“May God break my heart so completely that the whole world falls in.”
? Mother Teresa
83 people liked it
like
“How can there be too many children? That is like saying there are too many flowers.”
? Mother Teresa
82 people liked it
like
“Love is a fruit in season at all times and within reach of every hand.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
81 people liked it
like
“Love begins by taking care of the closest ones - the ones at home.”
? Mother Teresa
79 people liked it
like
“Words which do not give the light of Christ increase the darkness.”
? Mother Teresa
77 people liked it
like
“The greatest science in the world; in heaven and on earth; is love.”
? Mother Teresa
75 people liked it
like
“Jesus said love one another. He didn't say love the whole world.”
? Mother Teresa
73 people liked it
like
“I feel the greatest destroyer of peace today is "Abortion", because it is a war against the child... A
direct killing of the innocent child, "Murder" by the mother herself... And if we can accept that a mother
can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people not to kill one another? How do we persuade
a woman not to have an abortion? As always, we must persuade her with love... And we remind
ourselves that love means to be willing to give until it hurts...”
? Mother Teresa
tags: abortion , killing , unborn
72 people liked it
like
“Intense love does not measure it just gives. ”
? Mother Teresa
tags: mother-teresa
71 people liked it
like
“A sacrifice to be real must cost, must hurt, and must empty ourselves. Give yourself fully to God. He
will use you to accomplish great things on the condition that you believe much more in his love than in
your weakness.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: biography , inspirational-love , spirituality
67 people liked it
like
“Let us not be satisfied with just giving money. Money is not enough, money can be got, but they need
your hearts to love them. So, spread your love everywhere you go.”
? Mother Teresa
67 people liked it
like
“Smile at each other. Smile at your wife, smile at your husband, smile at your children, smile at each
other- it doesn't matter who it is- and that will help to grow up in greater love for each other.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
66 people liked it
like
“Let us always meet each other with smile, for the smile is the beginning of love.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , love , smile
65 people liked it
like
“We, the unwilling, led by the unknowing, are doing the impossible for the ungrateful. We have done
so much, for so long, with so little, we are now qualified to do anything with nothing.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: opposites , paradox
64 people liked it
like
“It is a kingly act to assist the fallen.”
? Mother Teresa
62 people liked it
like
“Pain and suffering have come into your life, but remember pain, sorrow, suffering are but the kiss of
Jesus - a sign that you have come so close to Him that He can kiss you.”
? Mother Teresa
61 people liked it
like
“There are many people who can do big things, but there are very few people who will do the small
things.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational
61 people liked it
like
“To keep a lamp burning, we have to keep putting oil in it.”
? Mother Teresa
54 people liked it
like
“I think it is very good when people suffer. To me that is like the kiss of Jesus. ”
? Mother Teresa
tags: religion , suffering
54 people liked it
like
“There should be less talk; a preaching point is not a meeting point.
What do you do then? Take a broom and clean someone's house.
That says enough.”
? Mother Teresa
52 people liked it
like
“Profound joy of the heart is like a magnet that indicates the path of life.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: catholic , faith , mother-teresa
49 people liked it
like
“I want you to be concerned about your next door neighbor. Do you know your next door neighbor?”
? Mother Teresa
48 people liked it
like
“In the silence of the heart God speaks. If you face God in prayer and silence, God will speak to you.
Then you will know that you are nothing. It is only when you realize your nothingness, your emptiness,
that God can fill you with Himself. Souls of prayer are souls of great silence.”
? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers
tags: prayer , silence
47 people liked it
like
“We need to find God, and he cannot be found in noise and restlessness. God is the friend of silence.
See how nature - trees, flowers, grass- grows in silence; see the stars, the moon and the sun, how
they move in silence... We need silence to be able to touch souls. ”
? Mother Teresa
47 people liked it
like
“Love is not patronizing and charity isn't about pity, it is about love. Charity and love are the same --
with charity you give love, so don't just give money but reach out your hand instead.”
tags: charity , love , service
46 people liked it
like
“What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight; build it anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
41 people liked it
like
“Go out into the world today and love the people you meet. Let your presence light new light in the
hearts of people.”
? Mother Teresa
40 people liked it
like
“We are all pencils in the hand of God.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: writing
39 people liked it
like
“Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , poverty
37 people liked it
like
“We must know that we have been created for greater things, not just to be a number in the world, not
just to go for diplomas and degrees, this work and that work. We have been created in order to love
and to be loved.”
? Mother Teresa
36 people liked it
like
“I prefer you to make mistakes in kindness than work miracles in unkindness.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , kindness
34 people liked it
like
“I must be willing to give whatever it takes to do good to others. This requires that I be willing to give
until it hurts. Otherwise, there is no true love in me, and I bring injustice, not peace, to those around
me.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: giving
34 people liked it
like
“Hungry for love, He looks at you. Thirsty for kindness, He begs of you. Naked for loyalty, He hopes in
you. Homeless for shelter in your heart, He asks of you. Will you be that one to Him?”
tags: jesus , poverty
32 people liked it
like
“The success of love is in the loving - it is not in the result of loving. Of course it is natural in love to
want the best for the other person, but whether it turns out that way or not does not determine the
value of what we have done.”
? Mother Teresa
32 people liked it
like
“Prayer makes your heart bigger, until it is capable of containing the gift of God himself. Prayer begets
faith, faith begets love, and love begets service on behalf of the poor.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: prayer
32 people liked it
like
“Love begins at home, and it is not how much we do... but how much love we put in that action”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
32 people liked it
like
“A joyful heart is the normal result of a heart burning with love. She gives most who gives with joy.”
tags: joy , love
31 people liked it
like
“If I look at the mass I will never act.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: activism , apathy , genocide , helplessness , inspirational , power
29 people liked it
like
“Prayer is the mortar that holds our house together.”
? Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa quotes (showing 101-150 of 157)

“We too are called to withdraw at certain intervals into deeper silence and aloneness with God,
together as a community as well as personally; to be alone with Him — not with our books, thoughts,
and memories but completely stripped of everything — to dwell lovingly in His presence, silent, empty,
expectant, and motionless. We cannot find God in noise or agitation.”
tags: solitude
27 people liked it
like
“Do small things, with great love.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: faith-reason
27 people liked it
like
“If we want a love message to be heard, it has got to be sent out. To keep a lamp burning, we have to
keep putting oil in it.”
? Mother Teresa
26 people liked it
like
“Holiness does not consist in doing extraordinary things. It consists in accepting, with a smile, what
Jesus sends us. It consists in accepting and following the will of God.”
? Mother Teresa, Mother Teresa: In My Own Words
tags: holiness
26 people liked it
like
“We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being
unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. We must start in our own homes to
remedy this kind of poverty.”
? Mother Teresa
25 people liked it
like
“Spread love everywhere you go: first of all in your own home. Give love to your children, to your wife
or husband, to a next door neighbor . . . Let no one ever come to you without leaving better and
happier. Be the living expression of God's kindness; kindness in your face, kindness in your eyes,
kindness in your smile, kindness in your warm greeting.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love
25 people liked it
like
“One of the greatest diseases is to be nobody to anybody”
? Mother Teresa
24 people liked it
like
“Seeking the face of God in everything, everyone, all the time, and his hand in every happening; This
is what it means to be contemplative in the heart of the world. Seeing and adoring the presence of
Jesus, especially in the lowly appearance of bread, and in the distressing disguise of the poor.”
tags: contemplation
24 people liked it
like
“He who is faultless does not care for the opinion of others.”
? Mother Teresa
23 people liked it
like
“One filled with joy preaches without preaching.”
? Mother Teresa
22 people liked it
like
“There is a terrible hunger for love. We all experience that in our lives - the pain, the loneliness. We
must have the courage to recognize it. The poor you may have right in your own family. Find them.
Love them.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational
22 people liked it
like
“Do not think that love, in order to be genuine, has to be extraordinary. What we need is to love
without getting tired.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: love , religious
20 people liked it
like
“In the home begins the disruption of the peace of the world.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: peace
19 people liked it
like
“The biggest diease today is not leprosy or tuberculosis, but rather the feeling of being unwanted,
uncared for, and deserted by everybody.”
? Mother Teresa
19 people liked it
like
“In the final analysis it is between you and God, it was never between you and them anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: inspirational , poetry
19 people liked it
like
“It is easy to love the people far away. It is not always easy to love those close to us. It is easier to give
a cup of rice to relieve hunger than to relieve the loneliness and pain of someone unloved in our own
home. Bring love into your home for this is where our love for each other must start.”
? Mother Teresa
19 people liked it
like
“Joy must be one of the pivots of our life. It is the token of a generous personality. Sometimes it is also
a mantle that clothes a life of sacrifice and self-giving. A person who has this gift often reaches high
summits. He or she is like sun in a community.”
tags: joy
18 people liked it
like
“There is a light in this world, a healing spirit more powerful than any darkness we may encounter. We
sometimes lose sight of this force when there is suffering, too much pain. Then suddenly, the spirit will
emerge through the lives of ordinary people who hear a call and answer in extraordinary ways.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: pain , spirit , suffering
18 people liked it
like
“Each of us is merely a small instrument; all of us, after accomplishing our mission, will disappear.”
tags: mortality
17 people liked it
like
“People are often unreasonable, illogical, and self-centered: Forgive them anyway. If you are kind,
people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives: Be kind anyway. If you are successful you will win
some false friends and true enemies: Succeed anyway. If you are honest and frank people will try to
cheat you: Be honest anyway.
What you spend years building, someone could destroy overnight: Build anyway. If you find serenity
and happiness, they may be jealous of you: Be happy anyway.
The good you do today, will often be forgotten by tomorrow: Do good anyway. Give the world the best
you have, and it may never be enough: Give your best anyway. You see, in the final analysis, it is
between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
17 people liked it
like
“Spread love everywhere you go. Let no one ever come to you without leaving happier.”
? Mother Teresa
17 people liked it
like
“Why can't there be love that never gets tired?”
? Mother Teresa
17 people liked it
like
“Christ came to be Father's compassion to the world. Be kind in your actions. Do not think that you are
the only one who can do efficient work, work worth showing. This makes you harsh in your judgment
of others who may not have the same talents. Do your best and trust that others do their best. And be
faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies.”
tags: kindness
16 people liked it
like
“Everything that is not given is lost.”
? Mother Teresa
16 people liked it
like
“Give, but give until it hurts.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: charity , giving
15 people liked it
like
“If a mother can kill her own child - what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me - there is nothing
between.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: abortion
15 people liked it
like
“God does not require that we be successful only that we be faithful.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: faith , god
14 people liked it
like
“As for me, the silence and the emptiness is so great, that I look and do not see, — Listen and do not
hear — the tongue moves but does not speak … I want you to pray for me — that I let Him have free
hand.”
? Mother Teresa
13 people liked it
like
“?Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment.”
? Mother Teresa
13 people liked it
like
“In loving one another through our works we bring an increase of grace and a growth in divine love.”
tags: love
12 people liked it
like
“Suffering is nothing by itself. But suffering shared with the passion of Christ is a wonderful gift, the
most beautiful gift, a token of love.”
tags: love , suffering
12 people liked it
like
“There's nothing more calming in difficult moments that knowing there's some one fighting with you.”
? Mother Teresa
12 people liked it
like
“The trees, the flowers, the plants grow in silence. The stars, the sun, the moon move in silence.
Silence gives us a new perspective.”
? Mother Teresa
11 people liked it
like
“One truly must have suffered oneself to help others.”
? Mother Teresa
11 people liked it
like
“Our life of contemplation shall retain the following characteristics:
—missionary: by going out physically or in spirit in search of souls all over the universe.
—contemplative: by gathering the whole universe at the very center of our hearts where the Lord of
the universe abides, and allowing the pure water of divine grace to flow plentifully and unceasingly
from the source itself, on the whole of his creation.
—universal: by praying and contemplating with all and for all, especially with and for the spiritually
poorest of the poor.”
tags: contemplation
10 people liked it
like
“Jangan mencari yang besar-besar, cukup mengerjakan yang kecil-kecil dengan cinta yang besar.
Makin kecil yang kita hadapi harus makin besar cinta yang kita berikan
(Come Be My Light, h. 39)”

? Mother Teresa
tags: besar , cinta , kecil
10 people liked it
like
“The way you help heal the world is you start with your own family.”
? Mother Teresa
tags: family , heal , healing , world
10 people liked it
like
“Keep the corners of your mouth turned up. Speak in a low, persuasive tone. Listen; be teachable.
Laugh at good stories and learn to tell them...For as long as you are green, you can grow.”
? Mother Teresa
9 people liked it
like
“When you have nothing left but God,you have more than enough to start over again.”
? Mother Teresa
9 people liked it
like
“People are unreasonable, illogical, and self-centered. Love them anyway. If you do good, people may
accuse you of selfish motives. Do good anyway. If you are successful, you may win false friends and
true enemies. Succeed anyway. The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.
Honesty and transparency make you vulnerable. Be honest and transparent anyway. What you spend
years building may be destroyed overnight. Build anyway. People who really want help may attack you
if you help them. Help them anyway. Give the world the best you have and you may get hurt. Give the
world your best anyway.”
? Mother Teresa
9 people liked it
like
“When a poor person dies of hunger it has not happened because God did not take care of him or her.
It has happened because neither you nor I wanted to give that person what he or she needed.”
? Mother Teresa
7 people liked it
like
“At the hour of death when we come face-to-face with God, we are going to be judged on love; not
how much we have done, but how much love we put into the doing.”
? Mother Teresa
6 people liked it
like
“Let no one ever come to you without leaving better and happier.”
? Mother Teresa
6 people liked it
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“I have more often as my companion "darkness." And when the night becomes very thick- and it
seems to me as if I will end up in hell- then I simply offer myself to Jesus.”
? Mother Teresa
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“But still, everything is for Jesus; so like that everything is beautiful, even though it is difficult.”
? Mother Teresa, Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light
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“If you are joyful, do not worry about lukewarmness. Joy will shine in your eyes and in your look, in
your conversation and in your countenance. You will not be able to hide it because joy overflows.”
? Mother Teresa, A Life For God: The Mother Teresa Reader
tags: inspirational , joy
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“Let us touch the dying, the poor, the lonely and the unwanted according to the graces we have
received and let us not be ashamed or slow to do the humble work.”
DISCOVERIES
A
James William Abert (USA, 1820-1897)

1845: Explores the upper reaches of the Canadian River.
Antonio de Abreu (Portugal, dates unkown)

1511-1512: Captain of the first Portuguese expedition to the Moluccas.
Tbe Portuguese Empire
Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, Duke of the Abruzzi (Italy, 1873-1933)

1897: First to ascend Mount St. Elias
1899-1900: Leader of an expedition to try to reach the North Pole by dogsleds from Franz
Jozefland.
1906: Climbs and explores the Ruwenzori Mountains
1909: Tries to climb the K2
Cristóbal de Acuña (Spain, 1597?-1676)

1639: Joins Teixeira on his voyage back down the Amazon. His journal is the first published
description of the Amazon.
William Adams (England, 1575?-1620)

1598-1600: Joins a Dutch Expedition to reach the East Indies by way of the Straits of
Magelha&etilde;s. With his ship reaches Japan, where he becomes a favorite of Shogun Iyeyasu and
remains for the rest of his life, holding an important position at the Shogun's court.
Mahu and de Cordes
The Voyage of 'de Liefde'
Aelius Gallus (Rome)

25 BC: Undertakes a failed attempt to conquer Yemen.
The Roman period
José de Azlor y Virto de Vera, Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo (Spain, ?-1734)
1720-2: Governor of Coahuila and Texas.
1721-2: Reconquers Texas on the French, builds various missions and presidios.
Aguayo Expedition
Jerónimo de Aguilar (Spain, 1489?-1531?)

1511: Shipwrecks off the coast of Yucatan. Lives among the Maya.
1519: Picked up by the expedition of Cortes, for which he becomes an interpreter.
Pedro de Aguirre (Spain, 1678-?)

1708: With Espinosa and Olivares, travels through Texas to the Colorado River.
Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition
Antón de Alaminos (Spain, dates unknown)

1502-4: Pilot on Columbus's fourth voyage.
1513: Chief pilot on Ponce de Leon's expedition to Florida. Regarded discoverer of the Gulf Stream.
1517: Pilot to Córdoba. Visits Yucatán and Florida.
1518: Pilot to Grijalva. Discovers Cozumel, explores the Tabasco River (now Grijalva) and reaches
the Pánuco River.
1518: Pilot of Cortés' expedition to Mexico.
1519: Pilot of Pineda's expedition. Explores the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
Hernando de Alarcón (Spain, 1500-?)

1540: Ships supplies for Coronado north along the Mexican coast. Navigates up the Colorado River.
California Discovered
Coronado
Charles Albanel (France, 1613/1616-1696)

Jesuit priest who travelled around Canada.
1670-1672: Travels to the Hudson Bay to confirm the English presence there.
1673-1676: Travels again to the Hudson Bay, is imprisoned by the English and sent to England,
then France.
Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal, 1453-1515)

Second and greatest of the Portuguese viceroys of India (1509-1515). Conquers Hormuz (1507),
Goa (1510) and Malakka (1511), and sends out the first Portuguese to the Moluccas.
The Portuguese Empire
Alexander the Great (Macedonia, 356-323 BC)

King of Macedonia.
343-323: Conquers the Persian empire, visits Egypt and reaches Central Asia and India.
323: Sends out expeditions to the Caspian Sea and Arabia.
Greek Explorers
Ali Bey (also known as Domingo Badia, Spain)

1801: Visits Mecca and determines the exact position of the city.
Diego de Almagro (Spain, 1474?-1538)

1524-1528: With Pizarro and Bartolome de la Ruiz, explores the South American west coast, and
learns about the Inca empire
1531-1535: With Pizarro, conquers Peru.
1535-1537: Travels south from Peru, but returns when he finds no riches.
1537-1538: Revolts against Pizarro, and is beheaded by the latter's men.
Abdul Hassan ibn Ali Al-Mas'udi (Arabia, ca.890-957)

Geographer and historian. Visited Spain, Central Asia, China and East Africa.
Abul Hasan Ali al-Masu'di (same text, different site)
Lászlo Almásy (Hungary, ?-1951)

1929: Drives across Sahara in two motorcars, and rediscovers an old caravan route from West
Africa to Egypt.
1932: Using a light airplane, explores Gilf Kebir the Lybian desert.
1933: Continues the exploration of Gilf Kebir by land. Discovers prehistoric rock paintings in Ain
Dua.
Desert Love: László Almásy, the Real "English Patient"
László Almásy, the Real Hungarian desert explorer
Exploration or intelligence: László Almásy and the mapping of the Lybian desert before World War II
Francisco de Almeida (Portugal, 1450?-1510)
1505-1509: First Portuguese viceroy of India.
1509: Gains a decisive victory over a Muslim fleet in the naval battle of Diu.
Hernando de Alvarado (Spain, dates unknown

1540: Sent out by Coronado in a reconnaisance expedition to the northeast.
Pedro de Alvarado (Spain, 1485?-1541)

1520: Leader of the Spanish in Tenochtitlán while Cortez is away to beat Narváez. Massacres a
number of Aztecs.
1523: Conquers Guatemala.
1533-1535: Travels to Peru, attempting to take his share in the conquest of the Inca empire.
1540-1541: Intends to look for Cibola by sea, but is killed fighting in the Mixtón war (an Indian revolt
in northwest Mexico)
Philip Amadas (England, 1550-1618)

1584: With Barlowe, explores North Carolina in Raleigh's service, looking for a good place for a
colony.
1585: Joins the expedition that brings the first colonists to Roanoke.
Roanoke Revisited
Roald Amundsen (Norway, 1872-1928)

1903-1906: First to navigate the Northwest passage.
1911-1912: First to reach the South Pole
1918-1920: Navigates the Northeast passage.
1925: With Ellsworth flies over the Arctic Ocean.
1926: With Ellsworth and Nobile reaches the North Pole by airship.
1928: Dies during a rescue expedition to find Nobile, who had crashed while trying to reach the
North Pole by aircraft.
Where none have gone before: The life of Roald Amundsen (same text, different site)
Roald Amundsen (Alone on the Ice)
Antarctic Explorers: Roald Amundsen
Fram 1910-12
Amundsen wins the race to the south pole
Who they really are!
The Great Explorers: Roald Amundsen
Antonio de Andrade (Portugal, 1580-1634)

Jesuit missionary
1624: Under disguise travels to Chaparangue (western Tibet).
1625: Establishes a mission post in Chaparangue.
Salomon August Andrée (Sweden, 1854-1897)

1896-1897: Tries to reach the North Pole by balloon. Crashes and dies, possibly of carbon
monoxide poisoning.
George Anson (England, 1697-1762)

1740-1744: Circumnavigates. Captures a Peruvian town and a Spanish Manilla galleon.
Anson, George (in German)
Juan Bautista de Anza (Spain, 1736-1788)

1774: Finds an overland route from Tubac, Sonora, Mexico to Monterey, California
1775-1776: Leads a group of 300 colonists from Mexico to California.
1779: Finds a route between Santa Fe, New Mexico and Arizpe, Sonora.
Captain Juan Bautista de Anza
Juan Bautista de Anza - Blazed the Anza Trail
Henryk Arctowski (Poland, 1871-1958)

Scientist on the De Gerlache-expedition to Antarctica.
Adrien de Gerlache
William Ashley (USA, 1778?-1838)

Enlisted men in 1822 for the Rocky Mountains fur trade. Started the method of 'Rendez-vous' and
semi-independent fur trappers.
John Jacob Astor (Germany (lived in USA), 1763-1848)

New York businessman who from 1810 to 1813 owned a fort at the mouth of the Columbia.
The Astorians
John James Audubon (France (lived in USA), 1785-1851)

Important early-nineteenth-century North American ornithologist.
John James Audubon 1785-1851
John James Audubon
John James Audubon
John James Audubon gallery
João Afonso de Aveiro (Portugal, dates unknown)

1486: First European to visit the kingdom of Benin (in Nigeria).
The coast of Africa
Pedro Menendez de Aviles (Spain, 1519-1574)

1565: Governor of Florida. Destroys and massacres the existing Huguenote colony, and establishes
St. Augustine, the oldest still existing European colony in North America.
Huguenotes and Spanish in Florida
The history of St. Augustine
Lucas Vásquez de Ayllon (Spain, ?-1526)

1524: Explores the east coast of North America, looking for a place to colonize.
1526: Establishes a short-lived colony near present-day Jamestown.
Fernando de Azcué (Spain, dates unknown)

1665: Fights the Cacaxtle Indians in Texas.
George Back (England, 1796-1878)

1819-1822: With Richardson and Franklin, explores the Canadian Arctic coast from the mouth of the
Coppermine to Bathurst Inlet. - timeline
1825-1827: With Richardson and Franklin, follows the Canadian coast from the mouth of the
Mackenzie to Cape Beechey. - timeline
1833-1835: Discovers the Great Fish River (Back), and follows it to the sea. - timeline
William Baffin (England, 1584-1622)

1615: With Bylot, explores the northern Hudson Bay, and concludes that it does not provide a
northwest passage.
1616: With Bylot, maps Davis Strait and Baffin Bay looking for the northwest passage.
Sir Samuel White Baker (England, 1821-1893)
1861-1864: With his wife, Florence Baker, travels up the Nile and discovers Lake Albert.
1869-1873: Governor of Sudan for the khedive of Egypt. Leads a military campaign against slave
traders on the upper Nile.
Seekers of the Source
Samuel White Baker: The Nile tributaries of Abyssinia, and the sword hunters of the Hamran arabs
Samuel White Baker: Eight Years' Wanderings In Ceylon
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa (Spain, 1475?-1519)

1510: Establishes the colony of Darién and becomes its first governor.
1513: Crosses the isthmus of Panama and discovers the Pacific.
Alfonso Gonçalves Baldaya (Portugal)

1435: With Eannes follows the African west coast to 320 km south of Cape Bojador
1436: Reaches Cape Blanco
The African coast
Sir Joseph Banks (England, 1743-1820)

1768-1771: Main naturalist on Cook's first voyage.
1788: Founder of the African Society, which would organize several expeditions to Africa, especially
to the Niger.
Aleksandr Baranov (Russia, 1747-1819)

Manager of the Russian colony in Alaska from 1788 till 1817, and de facto governor from 1799
onwards.
1791: Explores the Aleutians.
1792: Moves the Russian headquarters on Kodiak island to a better position, at present-day Kodiak.
1793,1795: Explores the coast of Alaska
1799: Founds New Archangel (Sitka), from then on the capital of Russian America.
1804: Re-founds Sitka that had been deserted after Indian attacks.
1812: Establishes Fort Russ (Fort Ross) in California, extending the Russian territory southward.
1815: Builds a fort on Kauai, Hawaii.
The History of Castle Hill (Sitka)
Willem Barentsz (Netherlands, 1550?-1597)

1594: Follows the east coast of Nova Zembla, looking for the northeast passage.
1595: Makes another failed attempt to sail the northeast passage.
1596-1597: With van Heemskerck, discovers Beren Island (Berenøya) and Spitsbergen (Svalbard)
and rounds the northern tip of Nova Zembla. Winters on Nova Zembla, but dies of scurvy on the return
voyage.
Dutch explorer sought northerly route to the Indies
The wintering at Novaya Zemlya, 1596-1597
Willem Barentsz and the Northeast passage
The Northern Route: Willem Barents
Arthur Barlowe (England, 1550?-1620)

1584: In Raleigh's service, with Amadas explores the coasts of North Carolina looking for a place
for a colony.
Francis Barrallier (France)

1802: Makes an attempt to cross the Australian Blue Mountains
Juan Enríquez Barroto (Spain/Mexico, 1660?-1693)
1686: Looking for La Salle, circumnavigates the Gulf of Mexico, visits Pensacola Bay, Mobile Bay
and the Mississippi.
1688: Serving under Pez, visits the coast of Texas after rumours of a French settlement in the area.
1692: With Terán, wants to explore the Mississippi as a route to the Spanish Texan colonies, but
fails because of adverse weather conditions.
Heinrich Barth (Germany, 1821-1865)

1850-1855: Joins a British expedition across the Sahara, with Richardson and Overweg. He visits
Marzuq, Ghat, the Air mountains, Agadez, Katsina, Kano, Kukawa and Timbuktu, and explores Lake
Chad.
George Bass (England, 1771-1812?)

1795: With Flinders, explores Port Hacking, south of Sydney.
1797-1798: Follows the Australian coast from Sydney southward upto Western Port (near
Melbourne), showing that Tasmania is an island
1798-1799: With Flinders, circumnavigates Tasmania and sails up the Derwent.
George Bass
Pacific Explorers Library: George Bass
Matthew Flinders
Rodrigo de Bastidas (Spain, 1460?-1526)

1501: With Juan de La Cosa, explores the South American coast from Trinidad to Panama.
1526: Establishes a colony, Santa Marta, on the coast of Colombia.
Henry Walter Bates (England, 1825-1892)

Entomologist, famous for his theory of mimicry.
1848-1859: Partly with Wallace does biological research in the Amazon area.
Henry Walter Bates
Henry Walter Bates (1825-1892)
Bates and some toucans
Thomas Nicolas Baudin (France, 1754-1803)

1800-1803: Maps the Australian coast, especially the parts between Sydney and Encounter Bay.
France's Role in Exploring Australia's Coastline
James Pierson (Jim) Beckwourth (USA, 1798-1866)

1823: Joins Ashley's fur-trapping expedition to the Rocky Mountains.
1824-1830: Lives among the Crow Indians, and marries a Crow woman.
Discovers Beckwourth Pass
Edward Belcher (England)

1852-1854: Leads an expedition to search for Franklin.
Gertrude Margaret Lothian Bell (England, 1868-1926)

1899-1924: Makes several voyages through the Middle East.
1913-1914: Visits Ha'il in Saudi Arabia.
The Gertrude Bell Project
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell
Daughter of the Desert
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (also known as Thaddeus von Bellingshausen, Russia, 1778-
1852)
1820-1821: Circumnavigates at a very southernly latitude (mostly south of 60°). Discovers Peter
Island and Alexander I island, the first land to be discovered south of the Antarcticc circle.
Sebastián de Benalcázar (also known as Belalcázar, Spain, 1495?-1551)

1533: Conquers Quito.
1535: Pushes northward into the Muisca kingdom (Colombia), looking for El Dorado, but finds that
Jimenez de Queseda has already conquered the area.
Early Spanish expeditions to Colombia
Floyd Bennett (USA, 1890-1928)

1925-1928: Byrd's main assistant. Experienced aircraft pilot and mechanic.
1926: With Byrd, first to fly over the North Pole.
James Theodore Bent (England, 1852-1897)

1893-1894: With his wife Mabel Bent reaches Wadi Hadhramaut.
Vitus Bering (Denmark, 1681-1741)

1725-1729: Travels through Siberia to Kamtchatka. Follows the coast northward through Bering
Strait, thus showing that Asia and America are not connected.
1733-1742: Leader of the Great Northern Expedition, which explored and mapped large parts of
Siberia and the North Pacific.
1740-1742: Crosses the north Pacific from Kamchatka to Alaska, follows the Alaskan coast and the
Aleoutians, but dies of scurvy on Bering Island.
Alexandr Chirikov
Joseph Elzéar Bernier (Canada, 1852-1934)

1906-1911: Travels through the Canadian Arctic to assert Canadian sovereignty over the region.
1912-1917, 1922-1925: Makes several more voyages to the Canadian Arctic.
Ulysses of the Arctic
Joseph-Elzér Bernier: Arctic Mariner
Jean de Bethencourt (France, 1360?-1422)

1402-1406: Conquers and colonizes the Canaries.
The coast of Africa
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville (France/Canada, 1680-1767)

1697-9: Joins Iberville on his expedition to found a fort at Biloxi.
1699-1700: Explores the lower Mississippi and Red Rivers.
1702-1712: Commander of the French colony; moves the main fort twice, finally putting it at the
place of present-day Mobile.
1716: Founds New Orleans
Hiram Bingham (USA, 1875-1956)

1906-1914: Makes 5 voyages to South America.
1911: Discovers the Inca city Machu Picchu.
John Biscoe (?-1848)

1830-2: Circumnavigates Antarctica. Discovers Enderby Land and some islands west of Graham
Land.
Samuel Black (UK)

1824: Explores the headwaters of the Peace and the Finlay River.
Gregory Blaxland (England, 1778-1853)
1813: First to cross the Australian Blue Mountains.
Gregory Blaxland - Blaxland, Wentworth & Lawson
Pacific Explorers Library: Gregory Blaxland
Blaxland, Lawson & Wentworth
William Bligh (England, 1754-1817)

1787-1789: Sails the Bounty to Tahiti to obtain breadfruit to transport to the West Indies. After a
mutiny on the return voyage manages to navigate from the Friendly Islands to Timor on an open boat.
1791: Travels again to Tahiti and obtains breadfruit that is brought to Jamaica. Charts the northeast
coast of Australia.
1805-1810: Captain general of New South Wales, the last two years as a prisoner of mutineers.
Captain Bligh's awful voyage
William Bligh
Colonial: William Bligh
Mutiny on the HMS Bounty
William Bligh (1754-1817)
Bligh, William
Wilfred Scaven Blunt (England, 1840-1922)

1878: With his wife, Lady Anne Blunt, travels from Damascus to Ha'il (Arabia) to buy horses.
Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra (Spain, 1743-1794)

1775: Second-in-command to Bruno de Hezeta's expedition to explore the Californian coastline.
When Hezeta does not want to go on, Bodega leaves him and pushes on alone. He reaches 58°30' N.
1779: Second-in-command to the expedition of Ignacio de Arteaga, which explores Bucareli Sound,
and reaches Afognak Island (near Kodiak, Alaska).
Domingo de Boénechea (Spain, 1730?-1775)

1772-3: Attempts to claim Easter Island and Tahiti for Spain. Explores the Tuamotu-archipelago.
1774-5: Travels again to Tahiti and discovers various islands of Tuamotu. Dies on Tahiti.
George Bogle (Scotland, 1746-1781)

1774: Travels to Tibet to try to start English-Tibetan trade relationships. Visits the Panchen Lama in
Tashilhumpo.
Francisco Leyva de Bonilla (Portugal, dates unknown)

1594-7?: Leader of an (illegal) expedition to New Mexico. Moves on to Kansas and Nebraska, but is
killed in a quarrel with his second-in-command Humaña.
Aimé Bonpland (France, 1773-1858)

1799-1800: With Von Humboldt, explores the Orinoco and confirms the existence of the Casiquiare,
a 'natural channel' connecting the Orinoco and Rio Negro rivers. Makes important biological
observations.
1801-3: With Von Humboldt, travels through Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Makes scientific
observations.
Aimé Bonpland Naturalista (in Spanish)
Humboldt & Bonpland
Alexander von Humboldt
Benjamin Louis Eulalie de Bonneville (USA, 1796-1878)

1832-1835: Lives in the Rocky Mountain area, trapping fur and gathering intelligence.
1833: Sends out Walker to explore the area west of the Great Salt Lake.
Daniel Boone (USA, 1734-1820)
1769: From North Carolina goes to Kentucky through the Cumberland Gap and explores the area.
1775: Leads the first American colonists into Kentucky, starting the "Wilderness Road". Establishes
a fort, Boonesborough, near present-day Lexington.
1799: Settles in Missouri, then Spanish property.
Daniel Boone - Myth and Reality
Daniel Boone - American Pioneer and Trailblazer
autobiography
Life and adventures of Col. Daniel Boone (18th century biography)
Daniel Boone Homestead - alternative site
Carsten Borchgrevink (Norway (lived in Australia), 1864-1934)

1894-1895: Joins Leonard Kristensen on an expedition to the southern seas. As far as known,
members of this expedition are the first to set food on mainland Antarctica.
1898-1900: Leads a British expedition to Antarctica. First to winter in Antarctica.
The first overwintering on the continent
Fernando del Bosque (Spain, dates unknown)

1674: Leads an expedition in Texas.
Bosque-Larios expedition
Louis Antoine de Bougainville (France, 1729-1811)

1763: Attempts to colonize the Falkland Islands.
1766-1769: Circumnavigates. Visits Tuamotu, Tahiti, Samoa and Vanuatu. Discovers the Great
Barrier Reef, Bougainville and Choiseul.
A short biography of Louis-Antoine Bougainville
Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de (in German)
Bougainville
Bougainville (in French, emphasizes on his officership during the seven-year war)
Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier (France, 1704-1786)

1738-1739: Explores the southern Indian Ocean, and discovers Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya),
believing it to be a cape of the southern continent.
Louise Arner Boyd (USA, 1887-1972)

1928: Takes part in the search for Amundsen.
1931-1938: Undertakes four voyages of exploration to northeast Greenland.
1955: First woman to fly over the North Pole.
William Bradford (England, 1590-1657)

Governor of the Pilgrim colony of Plymouth most of the time between 1621 to 1656.
The Mayflower Web Pages
The History of Thanksgiving
The Mayflower Compact
Edward Bransfield (England)

1819-20: Maps the South Shetland Islands, the tip of Graham Land and several islands in the
region.
Jeroen François: Antarctica in sight
Pierre-Paul-François-Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (France, born Italian, 1852-1905)

1874-1878: From Gabon travels inland and finds the source of the Ogowe.
1879-1882: Travels to the Congo, and convinces the Bateke ruler to take his kingdom under French
protection, thus starting French Congo and French possession of large parts of Central Africa.
1886-1898: Governor-general of French Congo.
Saint Brendan (Ireland, 484?-577?)

Is claimed to have made a long sea voyage over the Atlantic. The story is probably a compendium
of stories from several Irish monks.
Irish and Vikings
James Bridger (USA, 1804-1881) (aka Jim Bridger)

Mountain man, leader or guide to several expeditions to the Rocky Mountains area.
1824: Discovers the Great Salt Lake.
1827: Discovers South Pass.
1830: First European to reach what is now Yellowstone Park.
1843: Establishes Fort Bridger, a stop on the Oregon Trail.
1850: Discovers Bridger's Pass.
James Bridger
James Bridger
Fort Bridger
Fort Bridger State Historic Site
Hendrick Brouwer (Netherlands, 1580-1643)

1611: Finds a better route from South Africa to Java, sailing eastward until reaching the right
longitude, then turning north to Java.
1643: Travels to Chili to fight the Spanish and look for gold. Dies of illness.
James Bruce (Scotland, 1730-1794)

1768-1773: Travels through Ethiopia and finds the source of the Blue Nile.
Renaissance Man - James Bruce of Kinnaird
James Bruce (1730-1794)
William Spiers Bruce

1902-1905: Undertakes oceanographic and other scientific exploration in the South Atlantic and the
Weddell Sea.
Playing the bagpipes between penguins
Etienne Brulé (France, 1592?-1633)

From 1610 onwards lives most of his life among the Huron Indians.
1611: Reaches Lake Huron and Georgian Bay.
1615-1616: With Champlain helps the Hurons in their fight against the Iroquois. With the Hurons
travels south to Chesapeake Bay. Follows the Susquehanna River down to Chesapeake Bay.
1616: Is captured and tortured by the Iroquois.
1621: Reaches the western end of Lake Superior, present day Duluth.
1633: Killed and eaten by the Hurons.
Étienne Brulé - Interpreter and Explorer
Etienne Brule - A Biography
Olivier Brunel (Netherlands, 1540?-1585)

1557: Reaches the White Sea.
ca. 1567: Imprisoned by the Russians for espionage on request of the English. Locked away in
Yaroslavl. After a few years of imprisonment, joins the Stroganov family's trading firm, and is believed
to have reached the Ob with them.
1576: Returns to the Netherlands and joins the trade with Russia.
1583: Tries to reach Greenland, but gets lost in the clouds and the ice west of Iceland.
1584: Searches for the northeast passage, but does not come further than Kostin Shar, the straits
south of Nova Zembla.
David Buchan (UK)

1818: Tries to cross the Arctic close to the pole to Bering Strait. Does not get much further than
Spitsbergen.
William Burchell (UK, 1782-1863)

1810-2: Visits the Cape Colony for botanical and other research. Reaches the Kalahari desert and
the confluence of Vaal and Orange and visits Lattakoo.
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (Switzerland, 1784-1817)

1813-1815: Visits southern Egypt and northern Sudan, and discovers the rock temples of Abu
Simbl. Crosses the Nubian desert and visits Mecca.
Robert O'Hara Burke (Ireland, 1821-1861)

1860-1861: Leader of the first expedition to cross Australia from south to north, from Melbourne, by
way of Menindee and Cooper Creek to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Dies of starvation during the return trip.
Stephen Burrough (England, 1525-1584)

1556: Looking for the northeast passage, reaches Vaygach, south of Nova Zembla.
Richard Burton (England, 1821-1890)

1853: Joins the pilgrimage to Mecca.
1854: With Speke explores the inland of Somalia, visiting the city of Harer.
1857-1858: With Speke searches for the sources of the Nile and discovers lake Tanganyika.
Doomed Explorers - Sir Richard Francis Burton
Sir Richard Burton
Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton
Death, deceit & the Nile - on the Burton-Speke expedition
Thomas Button (Wales, ca.1575-1634)

1612-1613: Trying to find the northwest passage, discovers and explores the west coast of Hudson
Bay.
Robert Bylot (England, dates unknown)

1610-1611: Takes part of Hudson's last expedition. Captains the ship back to England after the
mutiny.
1612-1613: With Button, discovers and explores the west coast of Hudson Bay.
1615: With Baffin, explores the northern Hudson Bay, and concludes that it does not provide a
northwest passage.
1616: With Baffin, maps Davis Strait and Baffin Bay looking for the northwest passage.
William Baffin
Richard Evelyn Byrd (USA, 1888-1957)

1926: Makes the first flight over the North Pole together with Floyd Bennett.
1928-1930: With Bernt Balcon the first to fly over the South Pole. Aids in the establishment of Little
America, a permanent base on Antarctica.
1933-1935: Leads a scientific expedition to Antarctica. Remains for four months solo in a weather
station during the Antarctic winter, but has to be saved because of carbon monoxide poisoning.
1946-1947: Leader of the operation High Jump, the largest Antarctic expedition upto that moment.
1955-1957: Leader of the American contribution to the Antarctic exploration in the framework of the
International Geophysical Year.
Antarctic Explorers: Richard E. Byrd
Admiral Richard E. Byrd, 1888-1957
Due North? - did Byrd really reach the North Pole?
Operation High Jump on Ross Island
Byrd Polar Research Center
Floyd Bennett
John Byron (England, 1723-1786)

1764-1766: Circumnavigates. Explores the Falklands and discovers Byron Island and the Gilbert
Islands.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Spain, 1490?-1556)

1527-9: Joins the expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez to Florida. Shipwrecks on the coast of Texas and
lives as a semi-prisoner among the local Indians.
1535-6: With three other survivors of the Narváez expedition, Alonso Castillo Maldonado, Andres
Dorantes and Estéban (Maldonado's Moorish slave), travels through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and
Sonora back to Mexico.
1540: Named governor of Paraguay. Travels from the coast of Brazil to Asunción overland.
1542: Leads an expedition up the Paraguay River. Arrested on charges of usurpating royal authority
on return to Asunción.
Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez
People in the West - Cabeza de Vaca
The Journey of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (translation of De Vaca's own story)
The Journey of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (different site)
Windows to the Unknown (various articles)
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
The Journey of Cabeza de Vaca
The Estevanico Society
Giovanni Caboto (better known as John Cabot, Venice (born in Genova), ca.1450-1499?)
1497: In English service crosses the Atlantic, and discovers North America, probably at or near
Newfoundland.
1498: Makes a second voyage to North America, of which little is known. According to some
sources explores the American coast from Baffin Island to Chesapeake Bay, according to others is lost
without a trace.
John Cabot
John Cabot's 1497 Voyage & the Limits of Historiography - where was Cabot's first landfall?
Matthew Site Home Page
Patent Granted by King Henry VII to John Cabot and his Sons
The John Day Letter
The Pasqualigo Letter
The Soncino Letters
Sebastian Cabot (born as Sebastiano Caboto, Venice, 1476?-1557)

1497: Likely to have joined his father John Cabot on his first voyage.
1508-9: Explores the coast of North America, looking for the northwest passage. Might have
discovered or even sailed Hudson Strait.
1526-9: In Spanish service, makes an attempt to sail around South America. Sails up the Rio de La
Plata and the Paraná and Paraguay, looking for silver.
1553: Governor of the Company of Merchant Adventurers (later known as Muscovy Company),
which sends out expeditions to find the northeast passage and starts trade with Russia.
Sebastian Cabot
John and Sebastian Cabot
John & Sebastian Cabot
Gonçalo Velho Cabral (Portugal, dates unknown)

1429?: Sails west from Portugal and discovers the Formigas rocks, shortly east from the Azores.
1430?: Discovers Santa Maria, the first of the Azores.
Pedro Álvares Cabral (Portugal, 1467?-1520?)

1500-1501: Commander of the second Portuguese expedition to India. While crossing the Atlantic,
discovers Brazil. Visits Calicut and trades in Cochin and Cannanore.
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (also known as João Rodrigues Cabrilho, Portugal or Spain, 1498?-1543)
1542-3: Leads an expedition northward along the Pacific coast from Mexico. Discovers San Diego
Bay and reaches Russian River, but dies from the complications of a broken leg after an Indian attack.
Alvise da Cadamosto (Venice, 1432-1488)

1455-1456: In Portuguese service, travels along the African coast south to the Gambia to trade.
1460: Travels again to the Gambia to trade, and explores a few smaller rivers further south. While
travelling to the Gambia is swept into open sea, and might have discovered the Cape Verdian Islands.
Cadamosto did not make any important discoveries, except perhaps the Cape Verdian Islands, but
is known because he wrote an account of his travels, which is the main source about the Portuguese
trade in West Africa in the mid-fifteenth century.
The coast of Africa
Atoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac (France, 1658-1730)

1700: Founds the city of Detroit.
Gaius Julius Caesar (Rome, 100-44 BC)

61-47: Leads military operations in Gaul, Spain, Britain and Armenia.
The Roman period
Umberto Cagni (Italy)

1899-1900: Second-in-command of Abruzzi's expedition to the North Pole. Led the group that
actually made an attempt for the pole, and reached 86°34', a new farthest north.
René-Auguste Caillié (France, 1799-1838)

1827-8: Travels from Sierra Leone to Tombouctou. After visiting the city returns to Morocco. First
European to visit Tombouctou and return alive.
Pedro Calderón (Spain, 1498?-?)

1539: Captain of De Soto's base camp while the latter sets out for the interior.
Verney Lovett Cameron (England, 1844-1894)

1872-5: Leads an expedition to search for Livingstone. After hearing of Livingstone's death, decides
to push on. Explores Lake Tanganyika, reaches the Lualaba (upper Congo) at Nyangwe, and crosses
the Congo bassin to Angola.
Diogo Cão (also known as Diego Cam, Portugal, 1450-?)

1482-3: Follows the African west coast south until Cape St.Mary, Angola. Makes contact with the
Bakongo kingdom on the Congo.
1485-6: Makes a second voyage to southwest Africa. Sails up the Congo, and reaches Cape Cross,
Namibia. It is not known whether or not he returned from this voyage.
The coast of Africa
Garcia López de Cárdenas (Spain, dates unknown)

1540: Sent out by Coronado to search for a river rumored to be further west. Discovers the Grand
Canyon.
José Cardero (Spain)

1792: Artist on the expedition of Valdes and Galiano to British Columbia
Valdes and Galiano
some drawings made by Cardero
Elling Carlsen (Norway)

1871: Finds the remains of the 'Behouden Huys', Barentsz' wintering place on Nova Zembla.
A voyage through time. The story of Barentsz' wintering hut
Giovanni de Plano Carpini (Italy, 1180?-1252?)

1245-7: Travels to the court of Güyük Khan in an attempt to convince him not to attack Europe.
Exploration in the Medieval Period
Jan Carstensz (Netherlands, dates unknown)

1623: Explores the coast of Queensland. Is blown across the Gulf of Carpentaria, and discovers
Arnhem Land and the Liverpool River.
Philip Carteret (England, 1733-1796)

1766-8: Commander of the second ship of the expedition of Wallis to the Pacific. Separated from
him near Cape Horn. Discovers Pitcairn Island and one of the Solomon Islands, and rediscovers Santa
Cruz. Explores the islands to the north of New Guinea.
Jacques Cartier (France, 1491-1557)

1534: Looking for the Northwest Passage, discovers the Strait of Belle Isle and explores the Gulf of
St. Lawrence.
1535-6: Navigates up the St. Lawrence until Montreal, and winters in Canada.
1541-3: Returns to Canada, looking for the mythical kingdom of Saguenay.
Les voyages de Jacques Cartier
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Jacques Cartier
Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva (Spain, 1540?-1590)

Traces a route between Pánuco and the Mazapil mines and punishes hostile indians near the
mouth of the Rio Grande.
Gaspar Castaño de Sosa (Portugal, dates unknown)

1590: Leads an attempt to colonize New Mexico.
Thomas Cavendish (England, 1560-1592)

1586-8: Circumnavigates, raiding Spanish settlements in South America and pillaging various
Spanish ships.
1591-2: Attempts to once more circumnavigate, but dies at sea in the South Atlantic.
Thomas Cavendish
Cavendish, Thomas (in German)
Charles Chaillé-Long (USA, 1842-1917)

1874: In Egyptian service, visits the king of Buganda (Uganda) for negotiations. Follows the Nile
downstream from Lake Victoria to the Koruma Falls and discovers Lake Kyoga.
1875: Travels in the region around the Nile-Congo watershed.
Samuel de Champlain (France, 1567?-1635)

1603: Travels to Canada. Travels up the St. Lawrence to Montreal and establishes a friendship with
the Algonquins.
1604-7: Maps the American coast from Nova Scotia to Cape Cod. Founds Cape Royal (Nova
Scotia) as a fur trading post.
1608-9: Founds Québec. Joins the Algonquins and Hurons in a fight against the Iroquois and
discovers Lake Champlain.
1611: Founds Montréal.
1613: Travels up the Ottawa River until Allumette Island (near Pembroke).
1615-6: Travels up the Ottawa and down the French River to Georgian Bay and Lake Huron. With
Brulé and a group of Huron Indians, fights the Iroquois southeast of Lake Ontario.
Samuel de Champlain - Geographer and Builder of a Colony
Samuel Champlain (1567-1635)
Samuel de Champlain
Voyages
The Foundation of Quebec, 1608
Samuel de Champlain's 1607 Map
Richard Chancellor (England, ?-1556)

1553-4: Second-in-command of the expedition of Hugh Willoughby looking for the Northeast
Passage. Gets separated from Willoughby's ship in a storm near northern Norway. Travels on to the
White Sea, and meets Russians at Kholmogory on the Dina River. Visits czar Ivan the Terrible in
Moscow, and receives letters inviting British trade.
1555-6: Undertakes another voyage to Moscow by the same route, but dies when his ship
shipwrecks on the Scottish coast on the return voyage.
Chang Ch'ien (also known as Zhang Qian, China, ?-107 BC)

138-126: Travels west from China to try to convince the Yüeh-chi to form an alliance against the
Hsiung-nu (Huns). Spends most of this time as a prisoner of the Huns. Reaches the Yüeh-chi, but fails
to convince them.
119-115: Makes a second voyage to Central Asia, reaching Fergana. Lays the foundations of
Chinese trade with Central Asia, and thus of the Silk Road.
The Roman period
Jean-Baptiste-Étienne-Auguste Charcot (France, 1867-1936)

1903-5: Explorers the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula. Charts the Palmer Archipelago,
discovers Loubet Coast and explores Adelaide Island.
1908-9: Charts the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula southward to Alexander I Island, discovers
Fallières Coast and Charcot Island.
The gentleman among the polar explorers
Semyon Chelyuskin (Russia)

1735-7: With Pronchishchev, sails east from the Lena, and makes several failed attempt to round
Taimyr Peninsula.
Cheng Ho (also known as Zheng He, China, 1371-1433)

1405-33: Makes seven large expedition to various countries, mostly around the Indian Ocean.
Reaches Mecca and East Africa.
The Admiral of the Western Seas
The Emperor's Giraffe
Should the Ming End the Treasure Ship Voyages?
The Voyages of Cheng Ho
Cheng Ho and Suzhou - History Comes Full Circle
The Great Chinese Mariner Zheng He
Aleksei Chirikov (Russia, 1703-1748)

1725-30: Second-in-command of Bering's first expedition.
1733-41: Second-in-command of Bering's second expedition. Crosses Bering Sea, landing at Prince
of Wales Island, Alaska. Discovers Kenai Peninsula and various Aleutian Islands.
Vitus Bering
Hugh Clapperton (Scotland, 1788-1827)

1820-5: With Oudney and Denham crosses the Sahara, discovers Lake Chad and visits Bornu and
Sokoto (in Nigeria).
1826-7: Travels from the Gulf of Guinea to Sokoto, but dies of disease and weakness.
William Clark (USA, 1770-1838)

1804-6: With Meriwether Lewis, travels up the Missouri, crosses the Rocky Mountains and
descends the Snake and Columbia to the Pacific. On the return voyage explores the Jefferson and
Yellowstone Rivers.
For links, see Meriwether Lewis
John Clarke (England)

1814: Sent out to establish a trading outpost of the Hudson Bay's Company in Chipeweyan country.
Tries to find a new trail, along the Lesser Slave River.
Ruy González de Clavijo (Castilia, ?-1412)

1403-?: Travels to Samarkand to try to get an alliance with Tamerlane against the Turks.
Charles Clerke (England, 1741-1779)

1779: Takes over the command of Cook's expedition after the latter's death. Charts Hawaii, visits
Petropavlovsk and sails through Bering Strait, but dies of tuberculosis.
Jan Pieterszoon Coen (Netherlands, 1587-1629)

1618-23, 1627-9: Holds the office of governor-general, the highest function of the VOC within the
East Indies.
1619: Moves the headquarters of the Dutch in the East Indies from Bantam to Batavia (Jakarta).
Colaeus (Greece)
ca. 630 BC: Blown out of course on the way to Egypt, discovers the Straits of Gibraltar and trades
profitably in Tartessos
Greek Explorers
John Colter (USA, 1775?-1813)

1804-6: Joins the Lewis & Clark expedition.
1806-7: Guides fur trappers Joseph Dickson and Forrest Hancock to the Yellowstone River area.
1807: Aids Manuel Lisa iin setting up a fur trading post, Fort Raymond, at the confluence of Bighorn
and Yellowstone.
1807-8: Makes a solo voyage through Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, exploring the area and trying
to convince the Indians to bring furs to Fort Raymond.
The Life and Times of John Colter
John Colter
Christophorus Columbus (also known as Christopher Columbus and Cristóbal Colón, Genova, 1451?-
1506)
1492-3: Crosses the Atlantic to the Bahamas, discovers Cuba and Hispaniola, and founds a colony
on Hispaniola.
1493-6: Discovers several of the Lesser Antilles and founds a new colony on Hispaniola, finding the
old one destroyed. Explores the Cuban south coast until Cape Cruz and discovers Jamaica.
1498: Discovers Trinidad and Venezuela. In 1500 is arrested for mis-managing his colony and taken
to Spain.
1502-4: Looking for a strait to the Indian Ocean, explores the coast of Mesoamerica from Honduras
to Panama. Is shipwrecked on Jamaica.
Charles-Marie de la Condamine
Has been alphabetized under the L
Nicollò de Conti (Venice, 1395?-1469)

1414-44: From Syria travels through Baghdad to Hormuz. Visits India, being the first European to
enter the Indian interior, Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, Burma, Bengal, Sumatra, Java and possibly
China. Via Ciampa (Thailand), Ceylon, India, Arabia, Egypt and the Sinai returns to Italy.
Frederick Albert Cook (USA, 1865-1940)

1891-2: Participant in an expedition to Greenland led by Peary.
1893-4: Leads two expeditions to Greenland.
1897-9: Participant of the De Gerlache expedition to Antarctica.
1901: Joins a relief expedition for Peary.
1903: Climbs the Mount McKinley to a higher point than any person before him, and is the first to
circumnavigate the mountain.
1906: Claims to have reached the summit of Mount McKinley, but his claim is now generally
believed to be false.
1907-9: Leads a major expedition to Ellesmere Island and the surrounding area. Claims to have
been the first to reach the North Pole (April 1908), but this claim is later disbelieved.
About Dr. Frederick A. Cook
Dr. Frederick A. Cook - An American Explorer
The Cook-Peary North Pole dispute
Frederick A. Cook Society
James Cook (England, 1728-1779)

1766: Makes navigational maps of the area around Newfoundland, and uses a solar eclipse to
determine Newfoundland's longitude.
1768-71: Travels to Tahiti to observe a transit of Venus, maps the complete coast of New Zealand,
discovers and follows the east coast of Australia and is the first in 160 years to sail through Strait
Torres.
1772-5: Circumnavigates at high southern latitudes, finally disproving the existence of Terra
Australis. Is the first to cross the south polar circle, and reaches 71°10' south. Discovers South
Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands and some Pacific islands.
1776-80: Explores various islands, and discovers Christmas Island and Hawaii. Explores the North
American west coast, looking for the northwest passage and sails through Bering Strait. Is killed on
Hawaii in a fight with the natives.
Simon de Cordes (Netherlands)

1598: Second-in-command, and after Mahu's death leader, of a Dutch attempt to reach the Indies
through the Straits of Magelhaes.
Hernández de Córdoba (also known as Hernandes de Cordova, Spain, ?-1517)
1517: Discovers Yucatán and the Mayan civilization.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (Spain, 1510?-1554)

1540-2: Travels northward from Mexico to Cibola, believed to be a rich city in what is now New
Mexico. Arriving there, he finds it is only a poor pueblo. Encamps his men in villages on the Rio
Grande. He hears of riches in Quivira (in present-day Arkansas) and marches there, but again finds
only poor Indian encampments.
Gaspar Corte-Real (Portugal, 1450?-1501)

1500: Sails to Greenland.
1501: Travels to Greenland, Labrador and Newfoundland, but disappears.
Gaspar Corte Real (in French)
Portugal: Sea Exploration and Early Discoveries
João-Vaz Corte-Real (Portugal, ?-1496)

Believed by some to have discovered Newfoundland in 1472, possibly together with Pining and
Ponthorst. Father of Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real.
Portuguese Discoveries in North America
Hernán Cortés (also known as Hernando Cortez, Spain, 1484-1547)

1518-21: Travels to Mexico, founds Veracruz and conquers the Aztec empire.
1522: Named governor of New Spain (Mexico)
1524: Crosses the Yucatán Peninsula to Honduras to arrest Cristóbal de Olid who had been sent
out to conquer the area, but was rebelling against Cortés, but when he arrives Olid has already died.
1532: Sends out an expedition from the Pacific coast of Mexico which discovers the Tres Marías
islands.
1535-6: Discovers Baja California and makes a failed attempt to establish a colony.
1539: Sends out Ulloa to explore the Pacific coast of Mexico northward.
Hernando Cortes (1485-1547) ( in German)
The Conquest of the Aztec Empire
Die Eroberung Mexikos (in German)
Affirmative Action and Hernan Cortes
Hernan Cortes (in French)
The Conquest of Mexico
Texas Explorers - Cortez
Burried Mirror - Conflict of the Gods
End of an Empire
The Genealogy of Mexico
An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico
Cosmas Indicopleustes (Greece)

early 6th century: Trades from Egypt with Ethiopia, Persia, India and Ceylon.
later (ca. 540): Becomes a monk, and writes his Christian topography, in which he argues for a flat
world.
The Roman period
Pêro de Covilhão (also known as Pedro de Covilham, Portugal, dates unknown)

1487: Sent out to gather information on the area around the Indian Ocean. Pretending to be an Arab
trader, travels from Alexandria to Aden, India, the Persian Gulf, Arabia and East Africa and visits
Mecca and Medina.
1492: Back in Alexandria he is sent to Abessynia (Ethiopia). He remains there for the rest of his life,
which is at least until 1524.
Allan Cunningham (England, 1791-1839)

1823: Discovers the Pandora-pass, providing a route from Bathurst to the Liverpool plains
1827: Discovers Darling Downs, a rich farming country
1828: Discovers Cunningham's Gap, providing a route from Brisbane to Darling Downs. Charts the
Bremer River.
Pacific Explorers Library: Allan Cunningham
Allan Cunningham
Peter Custis (USA, 1781-1842)

1806: Naturalist of the Red River Expedition, which travelled up the Red River but was stopped by
the Spanish.
Red River expedition
Vasco da Gama (Portugal, 1460?-1524)

1497-9: Leader of the first Portuguese expedition to India. Finds a new route over the Atlantic
Ocean, taking a great bend to the west instead of following the African coast.
1502-4: Leader of a large expedition to the Indies. Attacks several African cities and kills all
passengers on a ship filled with pilgrims from Mecca. Trades in Cochin and attacks Calicut.
1524: Sent to India to battle corruption, but dies of illness a few months after arrival.
Eduard Dallmann (Germany, 1830-1896)

1873-4: Hunts for whales near the Antarctic Peninsula. Charts Graham Land.
1884-5: Navigates 60km upstream the Sepik (New Guinea).
timeline (in German)
William Dampier (England, 1651-1715)

Spends most of his years from 1681 one as a buccaneer.
1686-91: Guides a pirat ship from Mexico to Guam and the Philippines. After mutineers have left
captain Charles Swan behind, he visits New Holland (Australia) and roams through Southeast Asia.
1698-9: Leads a navy expedition to search for Terra Australis. Explores western Australia and the
Dampier archipelago, discovers New Britain and shipwrecks on Ascension.
Darius I (Persia, reign 521-486 BC)

516: Failed expedition against the Scythians around the Danube.
ca. 510: Sends out ships from the Indus to Egypt.
492, 490: Twice attempts and fails to conquer Greece.
He also made military gains in the Caucasus and Punjab.
Greek Explorers
Charles Robert Darwin (England, 1809-1882)

1831-6: Naturalist on Fitzroy's expedition. Travels through the coastal regions of South America,
collects specimens and fossils, witnesses a great earthquake in Chile and visits the Galápagos and
several other islands.
1858: Together with Wallace, presents the Theory of Evolution.
Life and Times of Charles Darwin
The Charles Darwin page
Darwin at Tierra del Fuego
The Voyage of the Beagle: site 1, site 2
autobiography
Alexandra David-Néel (France, 1868-1969)

1911-1917: Travels through India, Sikkim, Burma, Vietnam, Korea and Japan.
1918: From Beijing, travels to Kumbum, a monastery on the Chinese-Tibetan border, and stays
there for more than 3 years, studying Buddhism and translating holy texts.
1921-5: Travels from Kumbum to Lhasa and stays in the city incognito for two months, then
returning to India.
1937-45: Lives in China and Tibet.
same site in French
interview with Barbara and Michael Foster (biographers of David-Neel, real audio)
John Davis (England, 1550?-1605)

1585: Looking for the northwest passage, follows the west coast of Greenland to present-day
Godthaab, then crosses Davis Strait and explores the entrance to Cumberland Sound.
1586: Explores the coasts of Greenland and Davis Strait.
1587: Follows the Greenland coast north to 72° North (Upernavik), explores the coast of Baffinland
and rediscovers the entrance to Strait Hudson.
1598: Pilot of one of the first Dutch voyages to the East Indies.
1601-1603: Pilot of the first voyage of the East India Company.
1605: Pilot of an expedition of a rival group to the East Indies. Killed by Japanese pirates.
John Davis - 1585, 1586, 1587
John Day (England)

1480: Sends out the first of several Bristol voyages trying to find land in the west. Some claim that
Newfoundland has been found on one of these voyages between 1480 and 1497.
Peter Warren Dease (UK)

1837-9: With Thomas Simpson charts the Canadian and Alaskan North Coast from the mouth of the
Mackenzie to Point Barrow and from the mouth of the Coppermine to Bootha peninsula.
Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson
Dease, Peter Warren
Bento De Goes (Portugal, 1562-1607)

alphabetized under the G
Alonso De León (also known as Alonzo DeLeon, Spain, 1639-1691)

1686: Leads an expedition to the Rio Grande, looking for La Salle.
1687: Crosses the Rio Grande and travels along the Texan coast.
1688: Finds Jarry in western Texas, and brings him to Mexico.
1689: Finds the ruins of Fort St.Louis, the fort La Salle had built in Texas.
1690: Founds a mission and a settlement in east Texas.
De León, Alonso
Alonzo DeLeon
George Washington De Long (USA, 1844-1881)

1879-81: Attempts to reach the North Pole by ship through Bering Strait. After his ship is crushed by
the ice, escapes with 32 crew members in open boats, reaches the New Siberian Islands and from
there the Lena delta, where De Long as well as several other members of the expedition die of
starvation.
Dixon Denham (England, 1786-1828)

1821-5: With Clapperton and Oudney, crosses the Sahara from Tripoli to Bornu and discovers Lake
Chad.
Hugh Clapperton
Ippolito Desideri (Italy, 1684-1733)

1715-6: Travels with Freyre from Delhi to Leh and then through Tibet to Lhasa. Remains in Lhasa
until 1721 and studies Tibetan language and culture.
Semen Ivanov Dezhnev (also known as Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov, Russia, 1605-1672)
1648: Descends the Kolyma River and navigates along the Siberian Arctic coast and through Bering
Strait to the Chukotski Peninsula.
Bartolomeu Dias (also known as Bartholomew Diaz, Portugal, 1450?-1500)

1487-8: Follows the African coast southward, missing the Cape of Good Hope in a storm and
reaching the south coast at Mossel Bay. Follows the coast further east until the mouth of the Great
Fish River, and discovers the Cape of Good Hope on the return voyage.
1497: Establishes a trading post in Elmina (Ghana).
1500: Accompanies Cabral on his voyage to India, but is lost with his complete ship in a storm near
the Cape of Good Hope.
The coast of Africa
Dinis Dias (Portugal, dates unknown)

1445: Discovers Cape Verde, the westernmost point of Africa.
The coast of Africa
Melchior Díaz (Spain, ?-1540)

1540: Sent forward by Francisco de Coronado to scout Cibola.
1540: Sent to the mouth of the Colorado by Coronado to meet Alarcón, who would go there with
supply ships for Coronado, but finds that the latter has already left.
California discovered
Peter Dillon (UK, 1788-1847)

1826: Finds remnants of the expedition of La Pérouse on the Santa Cruz, and hears that La
Pérouse has shipwrecked on Vanikoro.
1827-8: Visits Vanikoro, collects information about the shipwreck and brings back a number of
objects from the expedition.
Francisco Atanasio Dominguez (Spain)

1776-7: With Escalante explores the area east of Santa Fe, looking for a route to California.
Explores Colorado, Utah and Arizona.
Andrés Dorantes de Carranza (Spain)D

1535-7: Survivor of the Narvaez expedition. With Cabeza de Vaca, Maldonado and
Esteban/Estevanico (Dorantes's slave) travels from Texas to Mexico on foot.
Dorantes de Carranza, Andrés
Andres Dorantes de Carranza
Windows to the Unknown - Cabeza de Vaca
Agvan Dorjiev (Russia, 1853-1938)

Buriat Buddhistic lama
Studied in Tibet, became a teacher to the Dalai Lama.
1898, 1900, 1901: Travels to Moscow as a Tibetan representative.
1904: Flees from Lhasa for the British attack.
Charles Montagu Doughty (England, 1843-1926)

1876-8: Travels through Arabia, living among bedouin tribes.
Francis Drake (England, 1541?-1596)

1570: Privateers on the Panaman coast
1572-3: Returns to Panama, sacks the city of Nombre de Dios, captures the Spanish silver train and
crosses the isthmus of Panama.
1577-80: Circumnavigates, being blown south in a storm coming from the Straits of Magellan sees
that Tierra del Fuegos is an island, captures several Spanish ships, follows the coast north, probably
to present day Vancouver Island and crosses the Pacific to the Philippines and the Moluccas.
1588: Plays an important role in the defeat of the Spanish armada.
1595-6: With Hawkins, leads an unsuccesfull expedition to capture Spanish settlements in the West
Indies.
Sir Francis Drake
A Very Basic Biographical Sketch of Francis Drake
Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake (the capture of the Silver Train)
A Synopsis of the Circumnavigation
Sir Francis Drake - several pages on Drake.
Sir Francis Drake
The controversy: Where did Drake stay in California?
* Francis Drake in Nova Albion - The Mystery Restored: It is still unknown

* Location of 'Nova Albion' still a mystery to historians: various theories
* Drake's Bay - Unravelling California's Great Maritime Mystery: Campbell Cove, Bodega Bay
* Sir Francis Drake the Buccaneer: Whale Cove, Oregon
* Determination of Latitude by Francis Drake: Bodega Bay
Erich Dagobert von Drygalski (Germany, 1865-1949)

1901-3: Sails south from Kerguelen to Antarctica and conducts important scientific research.
Adventures during the Antarctic winter
Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (USA (born in France), 1835-1903)

1856-9: Explores the Gabon, Ogowe and Muni rivers. First European to see a gorilla alive.
1863-4: Again travels through Gabon. Meets pygmies and obtained photographs and specimens of
gorillas.
Marion Du Fresne (France)

Alphabetized under the F.
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Dulhut (also known as Duluth, France, 1636-1710)

1678-80: Explores the Region around Lake Superior, rescues Hennepin from his capture by the
Sioux and brings him back to Lake Michigan.
1683-5: Visits the region around Lake Superior once again, trying to get the local Indians in the
French sphere of influence.
Dulhut (in French)
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Du Lhut
Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont d'Urville (France, 1790-1842)

1826-9: Discovers and charts several Pacific islands, collects specimens and learns about the fate
of La Pérouse's expedition.
1837-40: Sees the Antarctic Peninsula and Joinville Island, cruises the south Pacific and discovers
Adélie Coast (Antarctica).
Dumont d'Urville, le dernier des "marins-savants" (in French)
Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont d'Urville
Jean Baptiste Point DuSable (French-American, 1750?-1818)

1770s: Moves gradually from New Orleans up the Mississippi to Illinois, then settles on the coast of
Lake Michigan where he builds a trading post that later grows out to become the city of Chicago.
Henri Duveyrier (France, 1840-1892)

1859-61: Explores the areas south of the Atlas Mountains.
Les Touareg du Nord (Duveyrier's book)
Gil Eannes (Portugal, dates unknown)

1433: Tries to sail south along the westafrican coast, but stops short of Cape Bojador.
1434: In a second attempt manages to round Cape Bojador, thus finally really starting off Henry the
Navigator's southward expansion.
1435: With Baldaya sails 320 km south of Cape Bojador and finds evidence of human inhabitation.
The coast of Africa
Juan Sebastián de Elcano (also known as Juan Sebastián del Cano, Spain, 1476?-1526)
1521-2: After the deaths of Magelhães, Barbosa and Serrano, leads the expedition of Magelhães
back to Spain.
1525-6: Travels again to the Moluccas through the Streets of Magelhães, this time under Loaysa,
but dies at sea in the Pacific.
Fernão de Magelhães
Lincoln Ellsworth (USA, 1880-1951)

1925: With Amundsen tries to reach the North Pole by airplane and gets to 87°44' North.
1926: With Amundsen and Nobile reaches the North Pole by airship.
1935: Flies across Antarctica, charting large unknown areas.
Emin Pasha (also known as Eduard Schnitzer, Germany, 1840-1892)

1875: Travels to Equatoria (southern Sudan) to assist Colonel Gordon. Remains there as surgeon-
general. Explores and conducts diplomacy.
1878: Named governor of Equatoria by Gordon.
1883: Cut off by the Mahdi revolt, asks for help from Europa.
1888-9: 'Rescued' by Stanley, but originally refuses to join him.
1890-2: Travels to Eastern and Central Africa again to claim areas for Germany. Is killed by a
regional chief.
Robert Rotberg: Emin Pasha
William Hemsley Emory (USA, 1811-1887)

1844: Surveys the Texas-Mexican border
1844-6: Surveys the United States-Canadian border
1848-53: Surveys the United States-Mexican borden
1854-7: Surveys the region of the Gadsden Purchase
Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni, Chevalier D'Entrecasteaux (Frnance, 1739-1793)

1791-3: Looking for La Pérouse, visits Tasmania, New Caledonia, New Ireland, the Admiralty
Islands, New Holland, New Zealand, the Santa Cruz Islands and the Solomons.
Erik the Red (also known as Eric or Eirikr, Norway, 950?-1003?)
982-6: Banished from Iceland for manslaughter, explores Greenland.
986: Leads a group of settlers from Iceland to Greenland.
Irish and Vikings
Leif Erikson (also known as Leifr or Leifur, last name also Ericsson, Ericson, Eiriksson, Norway, 980?-
1020?)
1001-2?: Explores the coast of America and winters in Vinland.
Irish and Vikings
Silvestre Vélez de Escalante (Spain, 1751?-?)

1776-7: With Dominguez explores the area east of Santa Fe, looking for a route to California.
Explores Colorado, Utah and Arizona.
José de Escandón (Spain, 1700-1770)

from 1746: Founds various settlements along the Rio Grande.
The Escandón Settlement of Nueva España
Escandón, José de
The Exploration and River Settlements of José de Escandón
Escandon
Antonio de Espejo (Spain, ?-1585)

1582: Leads an expedition into New Mexico.
Espejo-Beltrán expedition
Isidro Félix de Espinosa (Spain, 1679-1755)

1709: With Olivares and Aguirre establishes a mission post at the site of later San Antonio, Texas.
1716, 1718, 1721: Joins three more missionary expeditions to Texas.
Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition
Estevanico (also known as Esteban, Morocco (slave in Spain), 1503?-1539)

1535-7: Survivor of the Narvaez expedition. With Cabeza de Vaca, Dorante (his master) and
Maldonado travels from Texas to Mexico on foot.
1539: With Marcos de Nizza sent to New Mexico to find information about the 'seven cities of
Cibola'. Killed by Zuni Indians.
Turn back time
History of Estevanico
Estévanico the Moor
Estevanico (?-1539)
Esteban
Eudoxus (Greece)
ca. 120 BC: In Egyptian service, finds the sea route to India.
ca. 117: Again travels to India.
ca. 108: Attempts to circumnavigate Africa, but gets no further than Morocco.
ca. 105: Undertakes a second attempt to circumnavigate Africa, and disappears.
The Roman period
George Evans (England, 1780-1852)

1813: Explores the Bathurst Plains. Follows the Macquarie River.
1815: Discovers the Lachlan.
1817: Second-in-command of Oxley's expedition to the Lachlan.
Macquarie's orders of 12 February 1814 - describing Evans's first voyage.
Edward John Eyre (England, 1815-1901)

1839: Travels north from Adelaide, following the Flinder Range to Mount Arden, crosses Eyre
peninsula and reaches Streaky Bay. Sees Lake Torrens.
1840: Tries to reach the Australian inland, but is stopped by Lake Torrens and Lake Eyre, believing
them to be a single great lake making progress impossible.
1841: Travels along the Great Australian Bight to Albany in West Australia.
Edward John Eyre
Edward John Eyre, Explorer
João Alvares Fagundes (Portugal, dates unknown)

ca. 1520: Explores the south coast of Newfoundland and enters the Bay of St. Lawrence.
ca. 1525: Tries to colonize Cape Breton Island.
J.A. Faguendes (in French)
J.A. Faguendes (in Portuguese)
Portuguese Exploration along the Northeast coast of North America
Fa-Hsien (also known as Faxian, China, born ca.350)

399-414: Travels through Central Asia, visiting many Buddhist monasteries, then crosses the Hindu
Kush into India. Travels through large parts of India doing likewise and is the first Chinese to visit
Afghanistan. Returns to China by sea, via Ceylon and Java.
A Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms (Fa-Hsien's writings)
Marcos Farfan de los Godos (Spain)

1598-9: Sent by Oñate to find silver ore rumored there. He finds the silver mines, but they were too
poor to be actually used.
Percy Harrison Fawcett (England, 1867-1925?)

1906-14: Makes several voyages surveying the Bolivian boundaries with Brazil, Paruaguay and
Peru.
1925: Is lost in the Brazilian Mato Grosso rain forest, looking for an ancient city rumoured to exist
there.
The Great Unkown. The Great Explorers
Nikolaus Federmann (also known as Nicolás Federman, Germany, 1506-1542)

1531-2: Explores the area around the Portuguesa River (NW Venezuela), looking for El Dorado.
1533-9: Travels from Venezuela to Colombia, hoping to conquer the rich country believed to lie
there, but finds that Jimenez de Queseda reached and subdued the area before him.
Early Spanish expeditions to Colombia
Fernando Póo (Portugal, dates unknown)

ca. 1473: Reaches the Gulf of Biafra and discovers the island that is now known as Fernando Póo.
The coast of Africa
Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira (Portugal/Brasil, 1756-1815)

1783-4: Travels through Pará.
1784-8: Makes several voyages along the Rio Negro and its tributaries. Explores the Rio Branco
and its headwaters.
1788-91: Explores the Madeira and its tributaries. Explores the Mato Grosso region. Reaches the
Paraguay.
Bartolomé Ferrelo (also known as Bartolomé Ferrera, Spain?)
1543: Leads the expedition of Cabrillo after the latter's death. Sails north once more and reaches
Oregon.
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Wilhelm Filchner (Switzerland, 1877-1957)

1911-2: Explores the Weddell Sea. Discovers Luitpold Coast and the Filchner Ice Shelf.
Wilhelm Filchner - scientist and adventurer
The first Swiss and Japanese Expedition
Ralph Fitch (England, 1550?-1611)

1581-5: Joins in Newberry's second expedition, travelling through the Middle East to India and
reaching the court of the Greatmogol.
1585-91: Travels through northern India alone, reaching Bengal. Visits Birma, Ceylon and Cochin.
The First Englishmen in Bombay
Robert Fitzroy (England, 1805-1865)

1831-6: Circumnavigates, charting the coasts of South America. The voyage is best known for the
fact that Darwin was its naturalist.
Matthew Flinders (England, 1774-1814)

1796: With Bass, explores Port Hacking, south of Sydney.
1798: With Bass, circumnevigates Tasmania and makes inroads to the inland by way of the
Derwent and the Tamar.
18001-3: Maps the Australian south and east coasts and part of the north coast.
Pacific Explorers Library: Matthew Flinders
Matthew Flinders
Matthew Flinders: A genius in Navigation
Matthew Flinders Electronic Archive
An anthology of the discovery of Australia
image
George Bass
Alexander Forrest (Australia, 1849-1901)

Joined his brother John Forrest on his expeditions.
1879: Leads an expedition charting part of North Australia, around the Kimberley mountains and the
river Fitzroy.
John Forrest (Australia, 1847-1918)

1869: Travels northeast from Perth, along Lake Barlee to Mount Weld.
1870: Travels from Perth to the Spencer Gulf in South Australia.
1874: First to cross Western Australia from west to east.
Pacific Explorers Library: John Forrest
John Forrest
Johann Reinhold Forster (Germany, 1729-1798)

Johann Georg Adam Forster (Germany, 1754-1794)
1772-5: Father and son, naturalists on Cook's second voyage.
Charles-Eugene de Foucauld (France, 1858-1916)

1883-4: Explores Morocco, disguised as a Russian rabbi.
1904: Settles in the Tuareg village of Tamanrasset as a missionary, and remains there until his
death.
1916: Killed by a band of Muslims, possibly because they suspected him to be a spy.
Charles de Foucauld, hermit, servant of the poor
Luke Foxe (England, 1586-1635)

1631: Explores the west coast of Hudson Bay and sails through Foxe Channel, showing that neither
provides a practical northwest passage.
Luke Foxe and Thomas James
John Franklin (England, 1786-1847)

1818: Second-in-command on Buchan's attempt to sail the Arctic Ocean.
1819-22: Explores the Canadian north coast from the Coppermine to Cape Herschel. - expedition
timeline
1825-7: Explores the Canadian north coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Beechey Point. -
expedition timeline
1845-7: Searches for the Northwest Passage. Dies on King William Island, as do all his men.
1847-51: Many relief expeditions are sent to Arctic Canada, and clear the geography of the area.
Certainty about Franklin's fate is found by Rae in 1853-4 and McClintock in 1857-9.
Sif John Franklin: His Life and Afterlife
Sir John Franklin (PDF-format)
Sir John Franklin - 1997 is the 150th Anniversary of his Death
The Fate of Franklin
archaeology
The Franklin Trail
portrait
Simon Fraser (Canada, 1776-1862)

1805-8: Works as a fur trader in British Columbia.
1808: Follows the Fraser to its mouth.
Simon Fraser and our southern link to the sea
Simon Fraser's Contributions
Simon Fraser, the Explorer
Simon Fraser (French version)
Thomas Freeman (USA)

1806: Travels up the Red River, but is stopped by the Spanish.
John Charles Frémont (USA, 1813-1890)

1842: Travels to the Rocky Mountains and climbs Fremont Peak.
1843-4: Travels by way of the Kansas, Great Salt Lake and the Snake and Columbia Rivers to
Oregon. Goes south to California and back east through the Great Basin.
1845: Travels through the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin to California. After Mexican
objections retreats to California, but soon returns, and helps fighting the Bear Flag Revolt and the
American annexation of California.
1848-9: Tries to scout a railway route from St. Louis to San Francisco, but is forced to retreat from
the San Juan Mountains south to Mexico because of the winter cold.
John Charles Fremont
John Charles Frémont - Explorer - Mapmaker - Soldier
John Charles Frémont
Capt. Fremont makes winter crossing of Carson Pass
Recommended Reading
Marion Du Fresne (France)
1771-2: Discovers the Crozet Islands, visits Tasmania and New Zealand. Killed in a fight with Maori.
Freydis Eiriksdottir (Iceland, dates unknown)

Daughter of Erik the Red, sister of Leif Eriksson
ca. 1004-5: Joins the expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni to colonize Vinland. Her bravery causes the
Vikings to win a battle against the eskimos.
ca. 1007-9: Leads another expedition to Vinland. Convinces her husband to kill to Icelandic brothers
who had come with them, and kills the women herself.
Irish and Vikings
Emanual Freyre (Portugal, 1679-?)

1715-6: Travels with Desideri to Leh and Lhasa. Returns to India alone by way of Nepal.
Martin Frobisher (England, 1540-1594)

1576: Discovers Frobisher Bay, believing it to be a strait.
1577: Returns to Frobisher Bay, takes rocks with him which are believed to contain gold.
1578: Leads a mining expedition to Frobisher Bay. Discovers Strait Hudson. Upon return the ore
appears to be worthless.
All Is Not Gold That Glistereth
Inuit and Englishmen: The Nunavut voyages of Martin Frobisher (French language version)
Sir Martin Frobisher
Sir Martin Frobisher
Vivian Ernest Fuchs (England, born 1908)

1957-8: First to cross Antarctica by land.
photograph
Louis Agasiz Fuertes (USA)

1899: Joins the Harriman expedition to Alaska as an orthinologist.
Tobias Furneaux (England, 1735-1781)

1772-4: Commander of the Adventure on Cook's second voyage. In December 1774, leaves from
New Zealand alone, and sails around Cape Horn back to Great Britain.
Joseph Gabet (France, dates unknown)

1844-6: With Huc, travels from Beijing through Inner Mongolia and central China to Lhasa to do
missionary work. After three months forced to leave the country and returns to eastern China.
Evariste Huc
Dionisio Alcala Galiano (Spain)

1789-91: Travels to Mexico as part of the expedition of Malaspina.
1792: With Valdes, explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca and circumnavigates Vancouver Island.
Vasco da Gama (Portugal, 1460?-1524)

1497-9: Leader of the first Portuguese expedition to India. Finds a new route over the Atlantic
Ocean, taking a great bend to the west instead of following the African coast.
1502-4: Leader of a large expedition to the Indies. Attacks several African cities and kills all
passengers on a ship filled with pilgrims from Mecca. Trades in Cochin and attacks Calicut.
1524: Sent to India to battle corruption, but dies of illness a few months after arrival.
Francisco de Garay (Spain, ?-1523)

1519: Sends out Alvarez de Pineda on a voyage on which the latter explores the coast of the Gulf of
Mexico
1523: Fails in an attempt to build a settlement at Pánuco, Mexico.
Francisco Tomas Hermenegildo Garcés (Spain, 1741?-1781)

1771: Explores the Gila River, gets lost near the mouth of the Colorado, crosses the Yuma and
California deserts and reaches the Sierra Nevada.
1774: With Anza, finds a trail from Tubac to Monterey along the same route.
1775: Starts a mission among the Yuma Indians (SW Arizona)
1776: Looking for a route between New Mexico and California, travels up the Colorado, crosses the
Mojave desert and on the return trip reaches the San Joaquin valley.
1781: Killed in an Indian revolt.
Historians seek site of inscribed rock
Franciscan Missionaries at Guebavi-Tumacácori
Juan Bautista de Anza
Adrien de Gerlache (Belgium, 1866-1934)

1897-9: Explores Grahamland. First to winter within the Antarctic circle.
Later makes several minor voyages of discovery to the Arctic regions.
Belgian pioneering work
The Belgica Expedition
Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery
Polar Expedition "Belgica"
Romolo Gessi (Italy, 1831-1881)

1876: With Piaggia, explores the Nile from Gondokoro to Lake Albert.
1878-9: Leads the Egyptian re-conquest of the Bahr al-Ghazal region.
Karl Ludwig Giesecke (Germany, 1761-1833)

1806-13: Travels to Greenland, and does mineralogic and other scientific research.
Chronologie der Österreichischen Polarforschung (in German)
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (England, 1537/1539-1583)

Great proponent of the search for the Northwest passage and of attempts to colonize North
America.
1578: Sends out an expedition to colonize North America, but all ships turn back before reaching
America.
1583: Crosses the Atlantic to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Lost at sea on the return voyage.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
First English Settlement in the New World: Gilbert and Raleigh
Ernest Giles (England, 1835-1897)

1872: Tries to cross West Australia from Charlotte Waters to the west coast. Discovers Mount Olga
and Finke River.
1873: Tries again to cross West Australia. Discovers and enters the Gibson Desert.
1875-6: Crosses the Great Victoria Desert from Spencer Gulf to Perth, then crosses the Gibson
Desert back to central Australia.
Crossing West Australia
Isabela Godin des Odonais (Spain/Ecuador, French by marriage, 1728-1792)

1769-70: Travels down the Amazon to reunite with her husband, Louis Godin. Only person of her
group to survive.
Bento de Goes (Portugal, 1562-1607)
1602-7: Travels from India northward to find out whether Cathay and China are the same country.
Travels through Afghanistan and Sinkiang to Suchow, where he dies.
Fernão Gomes (Portugal)

1469-74: Receives the monopoly on trade with most of Africa in exchange for exploring an amount
of coastline each year. During this period, the African coast from Sierra Leone to just across the
equator is discovered.
The coast of Africa
Antão Gonçalves (Portugal, dates unknown)

1441: Travels to Rio de Oro and brings the first cargo of African slaves to Portugal.
1443, 1445, 1447: Makes three more voyages to Rio de Oro.
The coast of Africa
Lopo Gonçalves (Portugal, dates unknown)

1474: Follows the African eastern coast southward, passing the equator.
The coast of Africa
Felipe Francisco Gonzalez (Spain)

1770: Claims possession of Easter Island for Spain.
Charles George Gordon (England, 1833-1885)

1873-7: Governor of Equatoria (South Sudan). Organizes various expeditions.
1877-9: Governor of Sudan. Fights the slave trade.
1884-5: Fights the Mahdi revolt in Sudan, and dies when the Mahdi capture Khartoum.
Lytton Strachey: Eminant Victorians
James Augustus Grant (Scotland, 1827-1892)

1861-3: With Speke, explores the west coast of Lake Victoria and follows the Nile northward.
Robert Gray (USA, 1755-1806)

1787-90: With Kedrick, travels from Boston to the northwest coast to trade in sea otter pelts. Trades
them for tea and China, then returns home. First American circumnavigation.
1790-3: Returns to the northwest coast, discovers the mouth of the Columbia and sails 25 miles up
the river. Again completes his circumnavigation by way of China.
Adolphus Washington Greely (USA, 1844-1935)

1881-4: Leads an expedition to the Arctic, working from a base on the west coast of Ellesmere
Island. Explores the coast of northeast Greenland, crosses Ellesmere Island and reaches 83°24'
North, farther north than anyone before him.
Adolphus Washington Greely
Adolphus Washington Greely, Major General, United States Army
Adolphus W. Greely
Augustus Charles Gregory (England, 1819-1905)

1855: Explores Northern Australia, looking for Leichhardt, and reaches the source of the Darwin
River.
1857: Explores Queensland and New South Wales, again looking for Leichhardt. Follows the
Barcoo River.
Sir Richard Grenville (England, 1542-1591)

1585: In service of Raleigh, brings a group of colonists to Roanoke.
George Grey (England, 1812-1898)

1837: With Lushington, intends to explore Northwest Australia. Reaches the Kimberley mountains.
1839: Follows the Australian west coast from Shark Bay back to Perth.
Hernando de Grijalva (Spain)

1537: Leads an expedition to the Pacific from Peru. Discovers the Gilbert Islands. Is killed by his
own men, who subsequently shipwreck on the coast of New Guinea.
Juan de Grijalva (Spain, ?-1527)

1518: Explores the coast of Yucatán. Reaches the outskirts of the Aztec empire.
Médard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseilliers (France, 1621?-1696)

1654-6: Makes a fur trading expedition to the west from Canada.
1659-60: With Radisson, makes a fur trading voyage to the north of Lake Superior, and hears that
the area between Lake Superior and Hudson Bay was rich in beaver. Possibly reaches the upper
Mississippi.
1661-3: With Radisson, makes another fur trading expedition to the Lake Superior region and
reaches James Bay.
1666: Having been fined for unlicensed fur trading, switches loyalty to England.
1668-9: Leads a fur trading expedition to Hudson Bay, after which the Hudson Bay's Company is
formed.
1674: Switches loyalty back to France.
Radisson and des Grosseilliers
Pierre Radisson and Médard Chouart Sieur des Groseilliers (French version)
Pierre-Esprit Radisson
Pierre-Esprit Radisson adn Médard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseilliers
The Hudson's Bay Company
Jusepe Gutiérrez (Mexico, 1572?-?)

1594-9: Joins his master Humaña on the Bonilla expedition to New Mexico and further. After
Humaña kills Bonilla, manages to escape. After a period of imprisonment with the Apache, joins
Oñate.
1601: Guide to Oñate on the latter's expedition to Quivira.
Nuño Beltran de Guzmán (Spain, ?-1550)

1528-31: Conquers a large part of western Mexico.
Bloody Guzmán
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán (in Spanish)
Mikhail Gvozdev (Russia)

1732: Crosses Bering Strait and discovers Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska.
Bering, Chirikov, and Gvozdev (in Russian)
Report of Gvozdev to Spanberg, April 20, 1743 (in Russian)
Richard Hakluyt (England, 1551?-1616)

1582: Wrote Divers Voyages touching the discovery of America.
1589-90: Wrote The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English
Nation.
Both of these books are now important sources for information on 16th century voyages of
discovery, especially the English ones. Hakluyt was a great promotor of English voyages to and
colonization of North America.
Introduction to Discourse of Western Planting, 1584
Hakluyt Society - publishes reports from discoverers
Charles Francis Hall (USA, 1821-1871)

1859-62: Lives among the Inuit of Baffin Island, and finds the remains of Frobisher's mining
activities on Frobisher Bay
1864-9: Travels over King William Island, and gathers stories and artifacts about Franklin's last
expedition.
1871: Explores northern Greenland, and tries to reach a farthest North.
Explorers Voyage Toward North Pole (1871 expedition)
Charles Francis Hall - 1860-1862, 1864-1869
Hendrick Hamel (Netherlands)

1653-66: Shipwrecks on the island of Cheju (Quelpaert). Lives for thirteen years in Korea.
Jacques Felix Emmanuel Hamelin (France)

1800-3: Captain of the second ship on Baudin's voyage to Australia. When the ships are blown
apart by a storm, charts the Australian coast from Geographe Bay to south of Swan River and
Rottnest Island.
France's Role in Exploring Australia's Coastline
Hanno (Carthago, dates unknown)

ca. 480 BC: Establishes various colonies on the Atlantic coast of Morocco and Western Sahara, and
follows the coast further, possibly upto Cameroon.
Phoenicia and Carthago
Harkhuf (also known as Herkhuf, Egypt)

ca. 2270 BC: Makes several trading voyages southward, into what is now Sudan.
The First Explorers
Walter B. Harris (England, 1866-1933)

1892: Visits Sana (Yemen).
Dirk Hartog (also known as Dirck Hartogh, Netherlands, dates unknown)

1616: Discovers land on what later is shown to be the Australian west coast, in Shark Bay.
Dirk Hartog
Hartog Encounters a Western Shore
Hartog, Dirck
Hawai'i Loa (also known as Ke Kowa i Hawai'i, Polynesia)

In Hawaiian tradition the discoverer and colonizer of Hawaii.
Hatshepsut (Egypt, reign 1503-1482 BC)

1492: Sends an expedition southward to a land called Punt.
The First Explorers
John Hawkins (England, 1532-1595)

1562-3: Ships a cargo of slaves from West Africa to Hispaniola
1564-6: Makes a slave trading voyage from West Africa to Spanish America, visits the French
colony in Florida and loads stockfish in Newfoundland.
1567-9: Trades in Spanish America, but has several of his ships captured in a fight with the Spanish
is San Juan de Ulloa (Mexico).
1595: Is sent on an expedition to the West Indies with Drake, but dies of dysentery near Puerto
Rico.
Sir John Hawkins
The Hawkins Dynasty: Three Generations of a Tudor Family (excerpts)
Admiral Sir John Hawkins 1532-1595 and Descendants (genealogy)
Isaac Israel Hayes (USA, 1832-1881)

1860-1: Travels to Baffin Bay, trying to reach the North Pole.
Samuel Hearne (England, 1745-1792)

1769-1770: Makes two failed attempts to find rumoured copper mines northwest of the Hudson's
Bay Company's areas.
1770-2: On a third attempt, he discovers the Coppermine River and follows it to its mouth.
Overland to the Sea - Samuel Hearne's Search for the Coppermine River
Samuel Hearne
Arctic Dawn - The Journeys of Samuel Hearne (Hearne's own writings)
a drawing
Sven Anders Hedin (Sweden, 1865-1952)

1890-1: Travels to Tashkent and Samarkand, crosses the Pamir range and reaches Kashi, the
westernmost city of China.
1894-7: Explores the Takla Makan desert, and discovers an ancient town.
1899-1902: Makes more explorations in Central Asia, and undertakes a failed attempt to reach
Lhasa.
1906-8: Explores large parts of the Himalaya mountains
1933-5: Leader of a combined Chinese-Swedish expedition to map the former Silk Road.
Sven Hedin, der letzte Forschungsreisende
picture
Jacob van Heemskerck (Netherlands, 1567-1607)

1595: Trader on Barentsz's first voyage.
1596-7: With Barentsz, discovers Beren Island (Berenøya) and Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and rounds
the northern tip of Nova Zembla. Winters on Nova Zembla.
See Barentsz for links.
Louis Hennepin (France, 1626-1705?)

1678: Serving La Salle, builds a fort and ship on the Niagara River. First European to describe and
draw the Niagara Falls.
1680: Explores the Mississippi for La Salle. Claims to have reached its mouth, but given the
timespan of his voyage this is considered impossible.
1680-1: Captive of the Sioux Indians. Studies their customs and language. Released by Dulhut.
Louis Hennepin
"Hennepin's Story of La Salle in Indiana"
maps
Henry the Navigator (Portugal, 1394-1460)

Prince of Portugal, establishes a navigational academy in Sagres, and from 1426 onwards sends
out ship south along the African coast.
The coast of Africa
Matthew Alexander Henson (USA, 1866-1955)

Servant of Peary, and an important aid on his travels. Was with Peary when the latter reached the
North Pole.
Matthew Henson memorial website
Dark Companion: The Story of Matthew Henson (official biography)
Matthew Henson
Matthew Henson
Matthew Henson: Arctic Explorer
resources and links
Robert Edwin Peary
Walter William Herbert (UK, born 1934)

1968-9: Crosses the Arctic Ocean by dog sledge, from Alaska over the pole to Spitsbergen.
1977: Leads the first circumnavigation of Greenland by dog sledge and skin boat.
Icetrek.org: Wally Herbert
Bjarni Herjulfsson (also known as Herjolfsson or Herjolfson, Norway)

986: Blown off course while travelling to Greenland, discovers America.
Irish and Vikings
Jacques l'Heremite (Netherlands, ?-1625)

1623-5: Leader of a Dutch fleet to fight the Spanish in South America. Captures or sinks a number
of ships, but fails in his attempt to take the Peruvian harbour of Callao. After his death, the expedition
crosses the Pacific to the Marianas and the East Indies.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greece/Turkey, 484?-420? BC)

Describes the Greco-Persian war, also giving extensive descriptions of the various countries in the
Eastern Mediterranean. Visits several countries himself, in particular Egypt.
Greek Explorers
Bruno de Hezeta (also known as Heçeta and Ezeta, Spain, 1750?-?)

1775: Follows the American Northwest coast upto 49° North (near Nootka). On the return voyage
discovers the mouth of the Columbia.
Edmund Percival Hillary (New Zealand, born 1919)

1953: With Nepalese sherpa Tenzing Norgay, first to reach the summit of the Mount Everest.
1957-8: Sets out depots between Ross Sea and the South Pole to aid Fuchs on his crossing of
Antarctica.
1967: Climbs Mount Herschel (Alaska) and collects rock samples for scientific research.
interview
Himilco (Carthage)
5th century BC: Sails north from the Straits of Gibraltar and reaches England.
Hina-fa'aura-va'a (Polynesia)
According to Polynesian tradition, explored the world with her brother Ru.
Hippalus (Greece/Egypt)
ca. 45 BC: Uses the monsoon winds in a voyage to India; believed by some to be the first to have
done so.
The Roman period
Friedrich Konrad Hornemann (Germany, 1772-1801)

1797-1801: Travels through the Sahara, looking for the Niger, disguised as an Arab. Disappears,
apparently having died in Nigeria, possibly of dysentery.
Daniel Houghton (Ireland, 1740?-1791)
1790-1: Travels inland from the mouth of the Gambia, and reaches the Niger river. Dies after having
been robbed by his guides.
Cornelis de Houtman (also known as Cornelius de Houtman, Netherlands, 1540?-1599)

1595-7: Commercial leader of the first Dutch voyage to the East Indies. Visits Java, Bali and the
Moluccas.
1598-9: Visits Madagascar, Cochin China and Sumatra. Killed by the sultan of Atjeh.
Frederik de Houtman (also known as Frederick de Houtman, Netherlands, 1571-1627)

1595-7: With his brother Cornelis present on the first Dutch voyage to the East Indies.
1598-9: With his brother Cornelis present on another voyage to the East Indies.
1619: Lands on the Australian coast near present-day Perth. Discovers a group of shoals, the
Houtman Abrolhos.
Open Your Eyes!
Frederick de Houtman
Evariste Huc (France, 1813-1860)

1844-6: With Gabet, travels from Beijing through Inner Mongolia and Central China to Lhasa to do
missionary work. After three months forced to leave the country and returns to eastern China.
Evariste Régis Huc
Travels in the Chinese Empire or The Adventures of Huc
Henry Hudson (England, ?-1611)

1607: Follows the coast of Greenland to 80deg; North before being stopped by the ie. Also visits
Spitsbergen. Discovers Jan Mayen.
1608: Looking for the Northeast Passage, reaches Nova Zembla.
1609: Sent out by the Dutch East India Company to find the Northeast Passage, but looks for a
Northwest Passage north of Virginia instead. Explores Chesapeake Bay, discovers the Hudson River,
and sails up the Hudson to present-day Albany.
1610-1: Sails through Hudson Strait and discovers Hudson Bay. Reaches James Bay (the southern
end of Hudson Bay), but is set adrift in a small boat by mutineers.
Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson: an Englishman in Dutch service
Half Moon History
The Ghost of Henry Hudson
Antonio Gutiérrez de Humaña (Spain, ?-1601?)

1594-1601: Second-in-command of the expedition of Bonilla to New Mexico and Arkansas. Kills
Bonilla and takes over command, but is later, together with all his men, killed by indians.
Alexander von Humboldt (Germany, 1769-1859)

1799-1800: With Bonpland, explores the Orinoco and confirms the existence of the Casiquiare, a
'natural channel' connecting the Orinoco and the Rio Negro. Makes important biological observations.
1801-3: With Bonpland, travels through Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Makes scientific
observations.
1829: Travels to Siberia on a mining survey for czar Nicholas I.
Alexander von Humboldt - Networks of Knowledge
Baron Alexander von Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Alejandro de Humboldt - Viajes Americanos (in Spanish)
Humboldt & Bonpland
Alexander von Humboldt - naturalist and explorer
Cómo Alejandro de Humboldt llegó a ser naturalista y explorador, en sus propias palabras (in
Spanish)
Humboldt on Tenerife
Socio-political Views of the Americas
Hamilton Hume (Australia, 1797-1873)

1824: With Hovell, explores the mountains between Sydney and Port Phillip. Discovers the Murray
river.
1828-9: Joins Sturt on his expedition to the Macquarie.
Hamilton Hume
Hume and Hovell
Wilson Price Hunt (USA, 1782?-1842)

1810-1: Travels overland to the mouth of Columbia for Astor. Discovers Union Pass and the
western part of the later Oregon Trail.
Journal
Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville (France/Canada, 1661-1706)

1686: Leads a military expedition against the British Hudson Bay fort of Moose Bay.
1697: Leader of a major military campaign to the Hudson Bay.
1698-9: Sails to the mouth of the Mississippi and builds a fort at Biloxi.
1700: Sails up the Mississippi to strengthen the French presence in the region.
1701: Builds a fort on Mobile Bay.
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville: The El Cid of Canada
Pierre LeMoyne Sieur d'Iberville and the Establishment of Biloxi
Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville
Ibn Battuta (in full Abu Àbd Allah Muhammad ibn Àbd Allah al-Lawati at-Tanji ibn Battutah, Morocco,
1304-1369)
1325-7: Makes a pilgrimage to Meccah by way of Egypt and Syria. Lives in Meccah for a few years.
1330-2: Travels to East Africa and South Arabia.
1332-3: Travels through Central Asia to India.
1342-8: By way of South India, the Maldives, Ceylon, Bengal, Assam and Sumatra to China, and
returns to Egypt through Sumatra, India, Arabia, Persia and Syria.
1349: Returns to Morocco, after a third pilgrimage to Meccah.
1350: Visits Granada.
1352-3: Crosses the Sahara to Timbouctou and Silla on the Niger.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta - the great traveller
Arab Greats: Ibn Battuta, the lone time traveller
al-Idrisi (full name Abu Àbd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Àbd Alah ibn Idris al-Hammudi al-
Hasani al-Idrisi, Morocco, 1100-1166)
Travelled extensively through Northern Africa, Western Europe and Asia Minor
ca. 1145: Becomes the official court geographer of king Roger II of Sicily. Sends out expeditions,
collects sources and produces two world maps and a book on geography.
Al-Idrisi (Dreses)
Al-Idrisi
World Maps of al-Idrisi
Domingo Martínez de Irala (Spain, 1487-1557)

1537: Founds the icty of Asunción.
1539-1557: Governor of Paraguay. Explores the surrounding areas, founds Corrientes, Santa Fe
and Buenos Aires and establishes contacts with the colony in Peru.
Pedro de Iriarte (also known as Antonio de Iriarte, Spain, dates unknown)

1686-7: With Rivas, thoroughly explores the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico looking for La Salle. Finds
the shipwreck of La Salle's ship La Belle.
Rivas-Iriarte expedition
Thomas James (England)

1631-2: Explores the coasts of Hudson Bay.
portrait
Willem Jansz (Netherlands, dates unknown)

1605-6: Explores the Aru Islands and New Guinea, misses Strait Torres, and follows the east coast
of Cape York Peninsula upto Cape Keerweer.
1618: Finds what he believes to be a large island east of the Cape of Good Hope, probably North
West Cape (Australia).
"Duyfken" Australia's "Santa Maria"
Jean Jarry (also known as Jean Henry and Jean Gary, France, dates unknown)
1685: Deserts from the expedition of La Salle and starts living among the Coahuiltecan Indians.
1688: Is found by De Leon, and joins him to Mexico.
1689: Serves as a guide on the expedition in which De Leon finds La Salle's fortress.
Anthony Jenkinson (England, ?-1611)

1557-8: Tries to find a route to Cathay through Moscow, but gets no further than Buchara.
1561-3: Tries to set up trade with Persia.
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (Spain, 1510?-1579)

1536-7: Travels up the Magdalena River, reaches upland Colombia, subdues the local indians and
founds the city of Santa Fe de Bogotá (present-day Bogotá)
1569-72: Goes searching for El Dorado east of the Colombian mountains, and reaches the Orinoco
River.
Louis Jolliet (also known as Joliet, France/Canada, 1645-1700)

1672-3: With Marquette, descends the Mississippi all the way to the mouth of the Arkansas.
1679: Travels by canoe to the Hudson Bay to spy on the British fortifications there.
Later makes detailed maps of the coast of Labrador, the St. Lawrence River and Cabot Strait.
Louis Jolliet: Professional Explorer
Henri Joutel (France, 1643?-1725?)

1684-8: Member of La Salle's last expedition, writing the most important report on it.
La Salle
Gaius Julius Caesar (Rome, 100-44 BC)

61-47: Leads military operations in Gaul, Spain, Britain and Armenia.
The Roman period
Kan Ying (China)

97: Sent out to travel to the Roman Empire, reaches Mesopotamia.
The Roman period
Elisha Kent Kane (USA, 1820-1857)

1853-5: Explores northwest Greenland and tries to reach the North Pole.
Dr. Elisha Kent Kane
Raising Kane: The Making of a Hero, the Marketing of a Celebrity
New-York Daily Times obituary
Elisha Kent Kane Historical Society
Thorfinn Karlsefni (Norway)

ca. 1008: Tries to establish a colony in Vinland, but returns to Greenland after attacks from
skraelings (Inuit or Indians)
Irish and Vikings
Henry Kellett (Ireland, 1806-1875)

1848-1854: Member of several expeditions to search for Franklin.
Edward Belcher and Henry Kellett
Henry Kelsey (England, 1667?-1724)

1690-2: Travels inland from Hudson Bay to try to convince more Indians to trade with the Hudson
Bay Company.
Edmund Kennedy (England, 1818-1848)

1845: Second-in-command on Mitchell's expedition to Queensland.
1847: Explores the Victoria River.
1848: Leads an expedition to chart Queensland's east coast. Is killed by hostile aboriginals.
Edmund Kennedy
Pacific Explorers Library: Edmund Kennedy
Clarence King (USA, 1842-1901)

1867-73: Meticulously explores the American west around the 40th parallel.
Clarence King's Description of Yosemite Valley
Why climb mountains?
Philipp Parker King (Australia)

1817-22: Explores the Australian coastline.
Mary Henrietta Kingsley (UK, 1862-1900)

1893: Travels to Africa to do scientific research.
1894-5: Explores the Ogowe, travels widely through Gabon and does important ethnological
research.
Mary Henrietta Kingsley
Mary H. Kingsley references
Eusebio Francisco Kino (Italy, 1645-1711)

1683-5: Joins Isidro de Atondo y Antillón on an expedition to found settlements in Bjaja California.
With Antillón explores the region.
1687-1711: Sent to do missionary work in Sonora (northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona).
Makes an estimated 50 different expeditions in that period, increasing geographical knowledge and
converting Indians.
1691: Establishes missions in various places in Arizona.
1693: Establishes missions along the Magdalena River. First person known to have travelled to the
lower Altar River.
1697: Explores the valley of the San Pedro and converts Indians.
1698-9: Establishes missions along the Santa Cruz and Gila Rivers. Travels extensively through
southern Arizona, and is the first European to traverse the Devil's Highway.
1699: Follows the Gila River downstream to the mouth of the Colorado, proving the possibility of
reaching California overland.
Father Eusebio Francisco Kino - Desert Missionary & Explorer
Father Eusebio Francisco Kino - Padre on Horseback
Padre Eusebio Kino
Kintup (also known as K.P., Sikkim, dates unknown)

1879-1883: Sent to Tibet with a Mongolian Lama to explore the Tsangpo. Is sold to another Lama,
but later manages to get free and complete his work.
The Pundits
James Knight (England, 1640-1719)

1719: Goes looking for the Northwest Passage in the Hudson Bay, but dies with all his men.
Carl Koldewey (Germany, 1837-1908)

1868: Explores the seas east of Greenland.
1869-70: Leads another expedition to the East Coast of Greenland.
Carl Koldewey - Pioneer in the Arctic Ocean
Auf den Spuren der Germania
Otto von Kotzebue (Russia, 1787-1846)

1815-8: Sent to look for the northwest passage through Bering Strait. Discovers a few Pacific
islands and explores the coast of Alaska.
1823-6: Circumnavigates a second time and visits various Pacific islands.
Johann Ludwig Krapf (Germany, 1810-1887)

1844: Founds a mission post in Rabai near Mombasa.
1848: Travels inland and is the first European to see Mt. Kenia.
1850: With Erhardt explores the coast between Mombasa and Mozambique.
Biographisches-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon: Krapf, Johann Ludwig (in German)
Marc L. Lipschutz and R. Kent Rasmussen: Krapf, Johann Ludwig
M. Louise Pirouet: The Legacy of Johann Ludwig Krapf
Adam Ivan von Krusenstern (also known as Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Ivan Fyodorovich
Krusenshtern, Russia, 1770-1846)
1803-5: Circumnavigates. Visits Brasil, the Marquesas, Kamchatka, Japan and China. Explores
Yeso (Hokkaido).
Charles-Marie de La Condamine (France, 1701-1774)

1735-1743: Member of an expedition that travels to Ecuador to measure the shape of the earth.
Makes several other scientific observations as well.
1743-4: Travels down the Amazon and conducts experiments in French Guiana.
Charles Marie de la Condamine4
Charles Marie de La Condamine
Potins d'Uranie - Condamine story
Charles-Marie de La Condamine
Juan de La Cosa (Spain, ?-1510)

1493: Joins Columbus on his second voyage.
1499: With Ojeda, explores the coasts of Guiana, Venezuela and Colombia.
1500: Draws the oldest extant map showing the New World.
1501: With Bastidas, explores Colombia and discovers Panama.
1504-6: Travels to Venezuela and Curaçao, makes some small trips inland near the Gulf of Urabá
and raids villages in Darién. Twice rescues the Guerra expedition.
1509-10: With Ojeda, attempts to establish a colony on the coast of Colombia.
Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron La Hontan (France, 1666-?)

1688-9: Makes a voyage to Lake Michigan and the area of the upper Mississippi.
Alexander Gordon Laing (Scotland, 1793-1826)

1822: Travels through Sierra Leone.
1825-6: Crosses the Sahara from Tripoli to Timbuktu, but is killed by his guide two days after
leaving the city for his return journey.
Richard Lemon Lander (England, 1804-1834)

1825-7: Servant to Clapperton on the latter's second and fatal expedition.
1830-1: With his brother John Lander, descends the Niger River from Bussa to the coast.
1832: Failed attempt to lead a trading expedition up the Niger.
James Lancaster (England, 1550?-1618)

1591-4: Sails to the Indies. Visits Malakka, the Nicobares and Ceylon.
1601-3: Commander of the first voyage of the British East India Company. Visits Atjeh (Sumatra)
and Bantam (Java).
Jean François de Galaup, Comte de La Pérouse (France, 1741-1788)

1785-8: Explores the Pacific, visiting Easter Island, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Macao and the
Philippines. Explores the northeast Pacific, discovers La Pérouse Strait. From Petropavlovsk via
Samoa travels to Australia. Shipwrecks on Vanikoro (Santa Cruz), never to be seen again.
Carl Anton Larsen (Norway, 1860-1924)

1892-3: Explores the Erebus and Terror Gulf. Lands on Seymour Island and brings back the first
Antarctic fossils.
1893-4: Discovers and explores the west coast of Graham Land. Discovers Christensen Island.
1901-2: Captain on Otto Nordenskjöld's expedition to Graham Land.
Henry Asbjorn Larsen (Canada (born Norwegian), 1899-1964)

1940-2: First to navigate the northwest passage from west to east.
1944: Navigates the northwest passage. First to navigate Prince of Wales Strait.
René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (France, 1643-1687)

1669-71: Travels to the Ohio, possibly exploring it partway downstream.
1678: Builds a ship, Le Griffon on the Niagra. This is the first ship to sail the Great Lakes.
1679: Builds Fort Miami on the south coast of Lake Michigan.
1679-80: Travels to the Illinois River and builds Fort Crèvecoeur there.
1680: Travels back to Montreal to raise money for the continuation of his expedition. Returns to Fort
Crèvecoeur, but finds it abandoned. In vain searches for the men he had left behind there.
1681-2: Descends the Mississippi to its mouth.
1684-7: Lands in Texas, looking for the mouth of the Mississippi. Is killed by his own men.
Cavelier de La Salle - Intrepid Explorer
La Salle, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de
La Salle (Robert Cavelier, sieur de) (in French)
Robert Cavelier, Sieur (Lord) de La Salle
Cavelier de la Salle (in French)
René Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle (in French)
Letters on the Texas Explorers - La Salle
René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
La Salle Claims Louisiana for France
Hennepin's Story of La Salle in Indiana
A La Salle Chronology
La Salle expedition (last voyage)
the La Salle Shipwreck Project - archaeology on La Salle's ship of his last voyage
Raising the Belle
Bartolomé de Las Casas (Spain, 1484-1566)

Priest, championing the case of the Indians from 1514 onwards.
1542: Writes the Brevissima relación, a short but influential description of the autrocities committed
by the Spanish in America.
1550: Debates with Juan Gin&eeacute;s de Sepúlveda in Valladodid on behalf of the Indians.
Bartolome de las Casas Homepage
Bartolome de Las Casas: Father of Liberation Theology
The Tale of Bartolome de las Casas
Bartolomé de las Casas (in German)
Fray Bartolomé de las Casas (in Spanish)
Bartolome de las Casas, Missionary, Priest, Defender of the Oppressed
Bartolome de las Casas Defends the Rights of Native Peoples
Bartolome de las Casas (1484-1566)
Bartolomé de Las Casas and the Tradition of Medieval Law
"Of the Island of Hispaniola"
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes Sieur de La Vérendrye (France, 1685-1749)

1731: Travels to Lake Winnipeg, and trades in furs and explores in the regions around the lake for
the next ten years.
1738-9: Reaches the Mandan villages on the Missouri.
1742-3: Travels west in what is now Dakota, looking for a route to the Pacific. Possibly sights the
Rocky Mountains.
La Vérendrye - Explorer of the West
La Vérendrye - explorateur, commerçant et soldat
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Vérendrye (French version)
William Lawson (England, born 1774)

1813: With Blaxland and Wentworth, crosses the Australian Blue Mountains
Blaxland, Wentworth & Lawson
Were Blaxland, Lawson & Wentworth really the first?
Miguel López de Legazpi (Spain, 1510-1572)

1564-5: Travels to the Philippines to establish a colony. Conquers Cebu and founds Cebu city.
1571: Founds Manila.
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt (Prussia, 1813-1848?)

1844-5: Finds a route overland from Sydney to Port Essington (Northern Australia).
1846: Tries to make a large expedition from east to west through Australia, via the north, but gives
up when after 6 months he has still covered only 500 miles.
1848: Tries again to cross Australia from east to west. Disappears.
Pacific Explorers Library: Ludwig Leichhardt
Ludwig Leichhardt - explorer - 1813 to 1848
Ludwig Leichhardt
Ludwig Leichhardt - easier version
The Lost Leichhardt (poem)
Leif Erikson (first name also Leifr or Leifur, last name also Ericsson, Ericson, Eiriksson, Norway, 980?-
1020?)
1001-2?: Explores the coast of America and winters in Vinland.
Irish and Vikings
Jacob Le Maire (Netherlands, 1585-1616)

1615-6: With Schouten, discovers Le Maire Strait (south of Cape Horn) and sails through it,
discovers various Pacific Islands and charts the north coast of New Guinea. Is imprisoned by the VOC
(Dutch East India Company), and dies on the voyage back home.
Schouten, Cornelis Willem van - Le Maire, Jakob (in German)
In the Name of the Son - Isaac Le Maire's fight to get credit for his son's discovery
The First Cape Horners
Leo Africanus (born as al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Wezzan al-Fasi, also known as Giovanni Leone,
Morocco, 1495?-1554?)
Travels widely through Arabia, Persia and Africa.
1523: Is captured by Venetian pirates, freed by Pope Leo X, and lives in Rome for many years,
studying and writing books on his adventures.
Several years later, he moves to Tunis, renounces Christianity and returns to the Islam.
Description of Timbuktu (alternative translation)
another fragment of his book
Alonso de León (Spain/Mexico, 1639?-1691)

1686-9: Makes four expeditions to Texas to check the possible French presence there.
1690: With Massanet, founds the first Spanish mission in East Texas.
John W. Lewis (UK)

1873: With Warburton, crosses west Australia from Alice Springs to the Oakover River.
Crossing West Australia
Meriwether Lewis (USA, 1774-1809)

1804-6: With Clark, travels up the Missouri River, crosses the Rocky Mountains, and reaches the
Pacific along the Clearwater, Snake and Columbia Rivers. On the return route explores the Marias
River.
The History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis & Clark Internet Archive (links)
Lewis and Clark
Educator's Choice Search (links)
First across the continent; the story of The Eeploring expedition of Lewis and Clark in 1803-4 (1902
book on Lewis and Clark)
Jan Huyghen van Linschoten (Netherlands, 1563-1611)

1583-9: Serves as bookkeeper to the archbishiop of Goa. Collects information on the Asian trade.
When back in the Netherlands writes two books about Asia.
1594: With Barentsz, tries to look for the Northeast Passage. Enters Kara Sea, east of Nova
Zembla.
1595: With Barentsz, again looks for the Northeast Passage. Unable to enter the Kara Sea because
of ice.
Författare - Linschoten
Manuel Lisa (Spain/Louisiana, 1772-1820)

1807: Travels up the Missouri with a group of traders and builds various trading forts. Remains an
important trader in the region until his death.
History and Stories of Nebraska: Manuel Lisa
Manuel Lisa (1772-1820)
David Livingstone (Scotland, 1813-1873)

1841: Joins the mission post in Kuruman (Botswana). Makes several trips into the Kalahari desert.
1844: Builds a mission post in Mabotsa, 220 miles north of Kuruman.
1849: Crosses the Kalahari to Lake Ngami.
1851: Travels further north from Lake Ngami and reaches Linyanti on the Zambezi.
1853-6: From Linyanti travels west to Luanda, back to Linyanti and then down the Zambezi to
Quelimane.
1858-64: Explores the Shire, discovers Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and explores the region around
the lake. Protests the slave trade.
1867-73: Explores the headwaters of the Congo and Lake Tanganyika.
David Livingstone Centre
Dr Livingstone - Man of Africa
David Livingstone
Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (Livingstone's own writing)
A Popular account of Dr. Livingstone's expedition to the Zambesi and its tributaries (Livingstone's
own writing)
They purchase salaves - Livingstone's speech upon receiving the Freedom of the City of Edinburgh
Garcia Jofre de Loaysa (Spain, ?-1526)

1525-6: Leads an attempt to repeat Magellan's expedition to the Moluccas. Failing to enter the Strait
of Magellan for three months, his ships make several discoveries in the region. Dies during the
crossing of the Pacific.
Jeronimo Lobo (also known as Jerome Lobo, Portugal, 1593?-1678)

1624-34: Works as a missionary in Abessynia. Second European to see the sources of the Blue
Nile.
A Voyage to Abessynia - Lobo's own writings
Stephen Harriman Long (USA, 1784-1864)

1817: Travels up the Mississippi to the place of present-day Minneapolis.
1819-20: Follows the Platte upstream to the Rocky Mountains and the Arkansas to the Royal
Gorge. Follows a river downstream that he believes is the Red River, but finds it is actually the
Canadian.
1823: Follows the Minnesota River to its headwaters.
Stephen Harriman Long
Long, Stephen Harriman
Andrew of Longjumeau
1238-40: As an envoy of Louis IX, visits Mongolia.
Diogo Lopes de Sequeira (also known as Diego Lopez de Sequira, Portugal, ?-1520?)
1509: Leader of the first Portuguese to visit Malacca.
Nicolás López (Spain, dates unknown)

1683: With Juan Diego de Mencdoza establishes mission posts among the Jumano Indians and
explores Texas.
López, Nicolás
Fray Nicholas Lopez
Francisco López de Gamarra (Spain, ?-1693)

1687: With de Pez explores the coast of Texas, looking for the expedition of La Salle and for Rivas
and Iriarte.
Tristán de Luna y Arellano (Spain, ?-1573)

1557-61: Tries to build a colony on Pensacola Bay, and find a route from there to the Atlantic coast.
The Luna Expedition
Luna y Arellano, Tristán de
The Voyage of Don Tristan de Luna
An Analysis of Spanish Colonization Fleets: The Luna Example
The Emanuel Point Ships - Archaeological Investigations 1992-1995
Fyodor Petrovich Lütke (also known as Fedor Petrovich Litke, Russia, 1797-1882)
1826-9: Maps parts of the coast of Bering Strait. Visits the Carolines (discovering some islands),
Guam and the Bonin Islands.
Alexander Mackenzie (Scotland, 1764?-1820)

1789: Follows the Mackenzie River to its mouth.
1793: Travels up the Peace River, crosses the Rocky Mountains, reaches the Fraser and reaches
the Pacific by way of the Bella Coola River.
Sir Alexander Mackenzie
Alexander Mackenzie - To the Pacific
Alexander Mackenzie - same page in French
Donald Baxter MacMillan (USA, 1874-1970)

1908-9: Member of Peary's final expedition.
1910-2: Lives in Labrador, doing ethnological research.
1913-7: Explores northwest of Axel Heiberg Island, searching for (nonexistant) Crocker Land.
1920-1954: Several more expeditions to the Canadian Arctic.
1957: Flies over the North Pole.
Rear Admiral Donald B. Macmillan
Donald B. MacMillan
Fernão de Magalhães (better known as Ferdinand Magellan, also known as Fernando de Magellanes,
Portugal, 1480?-1521)
1505-12: Serves in the Indies, visiting Malacca and possibly the Moluccas.
1519-22: In Spanish service, discovers the Straits of Magellan and sails through them, crosses the
Pacific and reaches the Philippines. Is killed when getting involved in a local war. Other members of
his expedition complete the first circumnavigation.
First Circumnavigation of the Globe by Magellan 1519-1522
Ferdinand Magellan
After dire straits an agonizing haul across the Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan: The greatest voyager of them all
Magellan, Ferdinand
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (in French)
Ferdinand Magellan (links)
Original account
Jacques Mahu (Netherlands, died 1598)

1598: Leader of an expedition trying to reach the East Indies through the Straits of Magellan. Dies
of fevers on the Brazilian coast.
Alejandro Malaspina (Italy, 1754-1810)

1789-94: Maps the coasts of America in great detail. Also visits the Falklands, the Philippines,
Australia, New Zealand and Tonga. Later spent several years in prison because of his opinion that
Spain's American colonies should become independent.
The Alejandro Malaspina International Foundation
Alonso de Castillo Maldonado (Spain)

1527-36: Joins the expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez to Florida. With Cabeza de Vaca and two
others manages to return to Mexico by foot.
Castillo Maldonado, Alonso
Alonso de Castillo Maldonado
Cabeza de Vaca
Malinche (also known as Malintzin and doña Marina, Aztek)

Sold as a child into slavery in Tabasco. Later functioned as an interpreter for Cortes, knowing both
Mayan (and later also some Spanish) and Nahuatl.
La Malinche, Aztec Traitor?
La Malinche, Unrecognized Heroine
La Malinche; the Mexican Eve
The Story of La Malinche: "The Mexican Eve": A Woman of Historical Contradictions
Mythical Views of Malintzin, Malinche, Marina: the Virgin, the Harlot and the Heroine
La Malinche - Harlot or Heroine?
Quien es La Malinche? Beyond October 14
Paul Mallet (France/Canada, ?-1753) and Pierre Antoine Mallet (France/Canada, 1700-?)
1739: Travel to Santa Fe from the Mississippi
1740: Descend the Canadian, cross the Texan panhandle, and travel down the Arkansas and the
Mississippi to New Orleans.
1741-2: Fail in an attempt to reach Santa Fe from New Orleans by way of the Canadian
1750: Pierre travels from New Orleans to Santa Fe via the Red and the Canadian.
Mallet Expeditions
John Mandeville (14th century)

Claimed author for a very popular Medieval book, giving a fully imaginary description of a world
voyage.
Thomas Manning (England, 1772-1840)

1811: Travels to Lhasa and meets the Dalai Lama.
Jean-Baptiste Marchand (France, 1863-1934)

1890: Explores the sources of the Niger.
1892: Explores western Sudan.
1893-5: Travels through the inlands of Ivory Coast.
1897-8: Leader of a military expedition from Congo to Sudan. Has to retreat after the Fashoda
incident.
Fashoda Incident
Marcos de Niza (France, ?-1558)

1539: With Estéban (Estevanico), looks for rich cities north of Mexico, and claims to have seen
Cibola in New Mexico.
1540: Guide to Coronado on the latter's expedition to Cibola. Is sent back in disgrace when it is
found that 'Cibola' is merely a simple village.
Niza, Marcos de
Fray Marcos de Niza
Randolph Barnes Marcy (USA, 1812-1887)

1849: Blazes a trail from Fort Smith, Texas to Santa Fe.
1851: Participant in an expedition to select sites for forts on the Texas frontier.
1852: Explores large amounts of unknown territory in Texas and Oklahoma. Discovers the sources
of the Red River.
1854: Surveys Indian reservations in Texas.
1856: Explores the headwaters of the Big Wichita and Brazos rivers.
José Mares (Spain)

1787: Blazes a trail from Santa Fe to San Antonio
1788: Returns to Santa Fe by a different route
Giovanni de Marignolli (also known as John of Marignolli, Florence, dates unknown)

1338-53: Travels to China overland. Returns by sea after a stay in Beijing of four years.
Jacques Marquette (France, 1637-1675)

1673: With Jolliet, travels down the Mississippi until the mouth of the Arkansas.
Estéban José Martínez (Spain, 1742-1798)

1774: Second-in-command of the expedition of Pérez Hernández to Alaska.
1788: Leader of an expedition to Alaska, reaches the Russian settlement on the Aleutian island of
Unalaska
1789: Attempts to coloniza Nootka.
Peter Martyr (Italy, 1457-1526)

Important writer about America and the Spanish voyages to the area.
Peter Martyr d'Anghiera
The New World Chronicles of Peter Martyr
Francisco Antonio Maurelle (Spain)

1780-1: Blown off course from the Philippines to America, discovers various Pacific islands,
especially in the Tonga group.
Damín Massanet (Spain)

1690: Establishes the mission of San Francisco de Los Tejas, the first Spanish mission in eastern
Texas.
Douglas Mawson (Australia, 1882-1958)

1907-9: Member of Shackleton's Antarctic expedtion. Member of the group that ascends Mount
Erebus and reaches the South Magnetic Pole.
1911-4: Leads an expedition to Antarctica. Maps almost 10,000 km of Antarctic coast.
1929-31: Leads another expedition to Antarctica.
Antarctic Explorers: Douglas Mawson
The Home of the Blizzard
Sir Douglas Mawson
Francis Leopold McClintock (Ireland, 1819-1907)
1848-9: Member of John Ross's expedition to search Franklin. With Ross sledges along the coast of
Somerset Island.
1851: Looking for Franklin, sledges from Cornwallis Island to Somerset Island.
1853: Travelling by sledge from Melville Island discovers Prince Patrick Island.
1857-9: Leads an expedition to search for Franklin, and finds the remains of Franklin's expedition.
Explores Boothia Peninsula.
McClintock, Sir Francis Leopold
Robert John Le Mesurier McClure (Ireland, 1807-1873)

1850-4: Looking for Franklin, sails to Canada through Bering Strait. Reaches Prince of Wales Strait,
but stuck in the ice at the west coast of Banks Island. Is rescued by Belcher and returns to England
through Baffin Bay, thus completing the Northwest Passage although partly by sledges.
McClure, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier
Donald McKenzie (Scotland, 1783-1851)

1818-21: Makes three voyage to explore the region around Snake River, and organizes fur trapping
in the area.
Alvaro de Mendaña de Nehra (Spain, 1541-1595)

1567-9: Looking for Terra Australis, discovers the Solomon Islands.
1595: Attempting to colonize the Solomon Islands, discovers the Marquesas and Santa Cruz, but
dies of illness.
Juan Domínguez de Mendoza (Spain, 1631-?)

1654: Joins an expedition that treks from Santa Fe to present-day San Angelo, Texas
1683-4: With Nicolás López establishes mission posts among the Jumano Indians and explores
Texas.
Jorge de Meneses (Portugal)

1526: Discovers New Guinea.
Athanase de Mézières (France, 1719-1779)

1769: In Spanish service, named lieutenant governor of Natchitoches.
1770: First of several expeditions to the Red River.
1778-9: Forges an alliance with the Comanches and Norteños against the Apaches.
Christopher Middleton (England)

1741-2: Searches the Northwest Passage in service of the Hudson's Bay Company. Sails north
through Roe's Welcome Sound to Frozen Strait.
Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (Scotland, 1792-1855)

1831: Explores the MacIntyre River.
1835: Explores the Bogan and the Darling.
18364: Follows the Lachlan, Murrumbidgee and Murray downstream to the Darling. Travels south,
reaching the coast at Discovery Bay.
Pacific Explorers Library: Thomas Mitchell
Thomas Mitchell
Giovanni da Montecorvino (better known as John of Montecorvino Italy, 1247-1328)

1291-4: Travels to China as a missionary. Also preaches in Persia and India.
1305: Named first archbishop of Cambaluc (Beijing).
Francisco de Montejo (Spain)

1527: Fails in an attempt to conquer Yucatán.
1536: Made governor of Honduras.
1537-42: His son and nephew, both also called Francisco, conquer Yucatán.
Pierre du Gua, Sieur de Monts (France, 1558?-1628)

1604-7: Establishes a (short-lasting) colony in Port Royal, Nova Scotia.
Pierre Du Gua de Monts
Pierre du Gua de Monts (in French)
Samuel de Champlain
Luis de Moscoso Alvarado (Spain, 1505-1551)

1541-3: Takes over command of the expedition of De Soto after the latter's death, and leads it back
to Mexico.
Hernando de Soto
Balthazar de Moucheron (Netherlands, 1552-1630?)

Major merchant, organized expeditions to Russia (1584), West Africa (1594), North America (1595),
South America (1597).
1594, 1595: Organizes two voyages to search for the Northeast passage.
1598: Sends out an expedition under the Houtman brothers to the East Indies.
Jens Munk (Denmark, 1579-1628)

1609, 1610: Member of two expeditions to search for the northeast passage.
1619-20: Searching for the northwest passage. Explores the west coast of Hudson Bay.
same page in German
Gustav Nachtigal (Germany, 1834-1885)

1869-74: Crosses the Sahara from Tunis to Kuka (Nigeria). Functions as ambassador of the king of
Prussia with the sultan of Bornu, and makes several voyages to the areas around Bornu. Returns to
Egypt by way of Khartoum.
Michael Solka: Durch die Sahara und den Sudan: Gustav Nachtigal (in German)
JADU: Sahara (in German)
Karl Wüllenweber: Gustav Nachtigal (in German)
Gustav Nachtigal: Sahara und Sudan (in German)
Gustav Nachtigal: letters (in German)
Naddod (Norway, dates unknown)

ca. 860: Blown off course by a storm on his way to Faeroer, discovers Iceland.
Irish and Vikings
Fridtjof Nansen (Norway, 1861-1930)

1888: Makes the first crossing of Greenland
1893-6: With a specifically for this purpose designed ship, the Fram, tries to reach the North Pole by
letting his ship be taken there by the ice. Reaches 85°55' North with the ship and a record of 86°13' on
ski.
Chr.A.R. Christophersen: Fridtjof Nansen - A Life in the Service of Science and Humanity
James S. Aber: Fridtjof Nansen
Tore Gjelsvik: Fridtjof Nansen - Scientist, Diplomat and Humanist
The Nobel Foundations: Fridtjof Nansen
Linn Ryne: Fridtjof Nansen - Man of many facets
Fridtjof Nansen Photographic Archive
The Northern Lights Route: With Nansen to the North Pole
Bold Endeavours - Fridtjof Nansen
Man of many talents
Kåre Berg: The Polar Vessel "Fram"
K.Ya. Kondratyev, V.V. Malentyev and G.A. Ivanian: Nansen and Russia
Nansen's diary comes to light
Pánfilo de Narváez (Spain, ca.1470-1528)

1511-8: Participates in the conquest of Cuba.
1520: Sent out by Velásquez to call back Cortés, but in a fight is beaten by the latter.
1527-8: Tries to colonize Florida. Explores the area looking for gold. Builds boats to try to get back
to Mexico, but those shipwreck near the mouth of the Mississippi. Only a few members of the
expedition (most famously Cabeza de Vaca) survive.
Calderon's Company: Pánfilo de Narváez
Pensacola Archeology Lab: The Narvaez / Vaca Expedition
The Handbook of Texas Online: Narváez, Pánfilo de
Cornelis Corneliszoon Nay (Netherlands)

1594: Looking for the Northeast passage, manages to sail through Yugoysky Sar (between
Waygatch and the mainland) into the Kara Sea.
Willem Barentsz
Nearchus (Greece, 360?-312 BC)

325: Leads Alexander the Great's fleet from the mouth of the Indus back to Persia.
Greek Explorers
Necho II (Egypt)
ca. 600 BC: Sends out a Phoenician fleet which sails around Africa, from the Red Sea to the
Mediterranean.
Jacob Cornelisz. van Neck (Netherlands)

1598-9: Captain of the second Dutch voyage to the East Indies. Trades in Bantam and makes a
high profit.
1600-3: On a second voyage, visits the Moluccas and Macao and captures a Portuguese ship in the
Straits of Malacca. First Dutch voyage to China.
Nehsi (Egypt)
1492 BC: Leader of an expedition sent out by Queen Hatshepsut to a country called Punt.
The first explorers
Robert Simpson Neighbors (USA, 1815-1859)

1849: Blazes the Northern route from San Antonio to El Paso.
1854: With Marcy, explores northwestern Texas, looking for sites for Indian reservations.
Nero (Rome, 37-68)

66: Sends an expedition up the Nile, which reaches current Sudan.
The Roman period
John Newberry (England, dates unknown)

1581-2: Travels through the Mediterranean to the Middle East and travels widely through Persia.
1583-4: Travels again to Persia. Is captured by the Portuguese in Hormuz and taken to Goa. Gets
free, and travels to the court of the Moghuls. Leaves to return to England, but is never heared of again.
Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (also known as Jean Nicolet de Bellesborne, France, 1598?-1642)
1618: Goes to Canada to live among the Indians and learn their language and customs.
1634: Reaches Green Bay on Lake Michigan and travels down the Fox River.
Jerrold C. Rodesch: Jean Nicolet
Virtual Museuem of New France: Jean Nicollet. The Peacemaking Explorer (French version)
Henri Jouan: Jean Nicolet, Interpreter and Voyageur in Canada
Brett Rusch: La Vie et le Voyage de Jean Nicolet
Katie Weber: Jean Nicolet: Le père du Wisconsin
Reflets du Patrimoine: Jean Nicollet a la rencontre des autochtones
Le Nicoletain: L'histoire de Nicolet. Une ville et le nom d'un grand découvreur
Carsten Niebuhr (Germany, 1733-1815)

1761-7: (Only surviving) member of a scientific expedition to Yemen.
Marcos de Nizza
Alphabetized under the M.
Umberto Nobile (Italy, 1885-1978)

1926: With Amundsen and Ellsworth flies to the North Pole in a dirigible (airship).
1928: Tries again to reach the North Pole by dirigible, crashes on the ice, but is saved later.
Museum Leonardo da Vinci: La Tenda Rossa (in Italian)
Apoge Online: Umberto Nobile e la Tenda Rossa (in Italian)
PolarFlight: Ten Historic Plar Flights, Part 2
Olivier van Noort (Netherlands)

1598-1601: Sails through the Straits of Magellan, visits Chile, the Philippines, Borneo and Java and
returns around the Cape of Good Hope. Fourth circumnavigation.
Uitgeverij SUN: Om de Wereld (in Dutch)
Herrmann Mückler: Noort, Oliver van (in German)
Sjoerd de Meer: De reis van Olivier van Noort (in Dutch)
Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (also known as A.E. Nordenskjöld, Finland, 1832-1901)
1858, 1861, 1864, 1868: Makes scientific expeditions to Spitsbergen.
1870: Leads an expedition to Greenland. First to reach the interior of Greenland.
1872-3: Wants to try to reach the North Pole from Spitsbergen, but problems stop him from making
an actual attempt. Does explore northeastern Spitsbergen.
1875: Navigates to the mouth of the Yenisey, and up the Yenisey River.
1878-9: First to navigate the Northeast Passage.
1883: Leads another expedition to the Greenland interior.
Otto Nordenskjöld (Sweden, 1869-1928)

Nephew of A.E. Nordenskiöld
1901-3: Explores the east coast of Grahamland.
Adventures during the Antarctic Winter
Odoric of Pordenone (also known as Oderico da Pordenone, Italy, ?-1331)

1316-30: Travels to China by way of India, and returns to Italy by land. Probably the first European
to visit Lhasa.
Peter Skene Ogden (Canada, 1794-1854)
1824-5: Explores the Bear and Snake Rivers, and reaches the Great Salt Lake.
1825-7: Traps for furs in the region south of the Columbia.
1828-9: Discovers the Humboldt River and follows its course.
1829-30: Travels south from the Columbia via the Humboldt and the Great Basin to the Colorado,
following that river to the sea. On his route back north explores the San Joaquin Valley. First white
man to cross the American West in the north-south direction.
Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Ogden, Peter Skene
Utah History Encyclopedia: Peter Skene Ogden
Mountain Men and Fur Trade Homepage: Peter Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journals
Chris Bristol: Getting explorer on the map
Alonso de Ojeda (also known as Alonso de Hojeda, Spain, 1468?-1515)

1493-5: Takes part in Columbus's second voyage. Travels into the interior of Hispaniola.
1499-1500: Explores the northeast coast of South America. Discovers the Essequibo and Orinoco
rivers, the Gulf of Venezuela and the Lake of Maracaibo.
1502: Travels to Venezuela to collect pearls.
1508: Attempts to establish a colony at present-day Cartagena, Colombia. Has all his men killed in
an Indian attack.
1510: Establishes a short-lived colony on the Gulf of Uraba, Colombia.
Peter Bigorajski: Hojeda (Ojeda), Alonso de
Catholic Encyclopedia: Alonso de Ojeda
Martín Cagliani: Alonso de Ojeda (in Spanish)
Publius Historicus: Alonso de Ojeda (in French)
Peter Martyr: De Orbo Novo (excerpt)
Olaus Magnus (Sweden, 1490-1557)

1518-9: Visits northern Scandinavia
1539: Draws the 1539 Carta Marina, a map of Scandinavia
1555: Writes Historia de Gentibus Septentronalibus. Like his map, provided much information on
this still little-known region.
Rune Blix Hagen: Olaus Magnus og hans historieverk om Norden fra 1500-tallet (in Norwegian)
Olaus Magnus och Carta marina (in Swedish)
Catholic Encyclopedia: Olaus Magnus
Northern lights route: Olaus Magnus
Olaus Magnus: Description of Scricfinnia
Cristóbal de Olid (Spain, 1492?-1524)

1522: In service of Cortes, travels to western Mexico and explores the Pacific coast.
1523-4: Sent out to conquer Honduras by Cortes, but switches allegiance to the Cuban governor
Velázquez before doing so.
Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares (Spain, dates unknown)

1700: Founds the mission of San Francisco Solano, Texas
1709: Joins an expedition to eastern Texas
1718: Founds the mission of San Antonio de Valero, Texas
Handbook of Texas Online: Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre Expedition
Juan de Oñate (Spain, 1549?-1624)

1597-8: Starts the colonization of New Mexico. Establishes his capital San Juan de los Caballeros.
1601: Travels to Kansas, looking for Quivira.
1605: Reaches the mouth of the Colorado River from New Mexico.
1609: Recalled to Spain and put on trial for misconduct.
Handbook of Texas Online: Oñate, Juan de
Handbook of Texas Online: Oñate Expedition
Albuquerque Journal: Juan de Oñate
Public History: Cuortocentennial of Colonization of New Mexico
Compton's Encyclopedia: Oñate, Juan de
Columbia Encylopedia: Oñate, Juan de
Juan de los Caballeros: Captain Farfan and his forgotten trail
Francisco de Orellana (Spain, 1511?-1546)

1531: Joins Pizarro in the conquest of Peru.
1541-3: Joins Hernando Pizarro on an expedition eastward. Sent downstream the Coca River in a
boat to find food, but decides to continue downstream, and follows the Amazon River to the Atlantic.
1545-6: Attempts to explore and colonize the Amazon, suffers from shipwrecks and desertions and
dies.
Ottar (also known as Ohthere, Norway)

ca. 890: Sails north along the Norwegian coast, and reaches the White Sea area.
Irish and Vikings
Walter Oudney (Scotland, 1792?-1824)

1822-4: With Clapperton and Denham, travels to Lake Chad as the first Europeans to do so. Travels
westward to the Niger with Clapperton, but dies before reaching Kano.
Hugh Clapperton
Adolf Overweg (Germany, 1823-1852)

1850-2: Travels to Lake Chad with Richardson and Barth, and dies there.
Heinrich Barth
John Oxley (England, 1783-1828)

1817: Leads an expedition to the area west of Bathurst and explores the Lachlan.
1818: Explores the Macquarie River and discovers the Liverpool Plains.
Pacific Island Travel: Pacific Explorers Library: John Oxley
Brisbane City Council: Oxley came to Brisbane in 1823...
David Reilly: John Oxley
G.A. McBryde: John Oxley
Martin Westphal: John Oxley
Pedro Páez (Spain, 1564-1622)

1618: First European to see the sources of the Blue Nile.
Siegbert Uhlig: Paez, Pedro (in German)
William Gifford Palgrave (England, 1826-1888)

1862: Crosses the Nefud desert and the Nedjd. First European to cross Arabia from west to east.
Atheneum: Mr. W. Gifford Palgrave (Obituary)
Gifford Palgrave: Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (preface only)
David Latané: The Palgraves: A Victorian Chronology
John Palliser (Ireland, 1817-1887)

1847-8: Undertakes a hunting expedition in North America.
1857-9: Explores the region between Lake Superior and the Rockies for possibilities of colonization.
Explores mountain passes throught the Canadian Rockies.
1869: During an expedition hunting for walrus sails to 30 miles north of Novaya Zemlya.
T.J. Simmonds: Captain John Palliser, CMG, 1817-1887
Our Heritage: John Palliser's Exploration of the Canadian Rockies
University of Calgary department of history: John Palliser, Henry Youle Hind and Simon Dawson
Nathaniel B. Palmer (USA, 1799-1877)

1820: Discovers the Antarctic peninsula. Whether or not he was the first to do so (several
discoveries have been claimed for the same year) is not known.
Mungo Park (Scotland, 1771-1806)

1795-7: Travels from the Gambia and the Niger, and confirms the latter direction of flow.
1805-6: Returns to the Niger, and travels down the river. Is murdered near the rapids of Bussa.
Robinson Research: In Search of the Niger River: Mungo Park
Lodace: Personnages célèbres: Mungo Park (in French)
Fortnightly Club of Redlands, California: Mungo Park & 6he opening of the Niger: The race to
Timbuktu
Mungo Park: Travels into the interior of Africa (fragment)
William Edward Parry (England, 1790-1855)

1818: Second-in-command of John Ross's expedition to Baffin Bay.
1819-20: Searching for the Northwest Passage, sails through Lancaster Sound and further west to
110° West longitude at Melville Island.
1821-3: Searches a western outlet of Foxe Bassin. Discovers Fury and Hecla Strait, but finds it
blocked by ice. Explores Melville Peninsula.
1824-5: Explores Prince Regent Inlet.
1827: Tries to reach the North Pole, and gets to 82°45' North, a latitude which was not improved on
until 1876.
Canadian Arctic Prophiles: Edward Parry - 1819-1820, 1821-1823, 1824-1825 (in French)
Julius von Payer (Germany, 1842-1915)

1871: With Weyprecht, intends to explore the region between Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and Novaya
Zemlya, but finds no break in the ice.
1872-4: With Weyprecht, lets himself be stuck in the ice for an exploration of the region. Discovers
and explores Franz Josef Land.
chronology
Robert Edwin Peary (USA, 1856-1920)

1886: Penetrates 100 miles inland onto the Greenland icecap.
1891-2: Explores northern Greenland. Reaches Independence Fjord.
1893-5: Again travels to northern Greenland.
1896-7: Returns to Greenland for scientific exploration.
1898-1902: Attempts to reach the North Pole, reaching 84°16' North. Discovers Cape Morris
Jessup, the northernmost point of Greenland.
1905-6: Tries to reach the North Pole from Ellesmere Island. Reaches 87°6' North, further north
than anyone before.
1908-9: First to reach the North Pole - there are however still people who doubt whether he really
did.
Compton's Encyclopedia: Peary, Robert Edwin
Thinkquest: The North Pole: Robert Edwin Peary (same page in Dutch)
Thinkquest: Biography: Robert Peary
The American Experience: Robert Peary: To the Top of the World
Arlington National Cemetary: Robert Edwin Peary. Rear Admiral, United States Navy
Heidi, Katrina & Farrah: Robert Edwin Peary & The North Pole 1900-1910
PolarFlight: The Cook-Peary North Pole Dispute
Keith Pickering: Peary at the Pole? Doubtful!
New York Times (1905): Bolder Dash for Pole Next Time, Says Peary
Robert E. Peary, jr.: Introduction to Peary's Eagle Island
Matthew Henson
François Pelsaert (also known as Francisco Pelsaert)

1629: Shipwrecks on the Houtman Abrolhos, reefs near the Australian westcoast. Builds a boat to
sail to Batavia to get help. When he returns, finds that mutiny has broken out among those left behind.
The Grey Company: The Batavia
Western Australian Museum: The Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie retourschip Batavia
VITA: Pelsaert and the Wreck and Mutiny of the Batavia
Swan River Settlement: Francisco Pelsaert
John Pinkerton: Early Australian Voyages: Pelsaert, Tasman, Dampier
Diego Dionisio de Peñalosa Briceño y Berdugo (Spain/Peru, 1621-1687)

1662: Makes an expedition to the northeast from New Mexico to look for Quivira. This is now known
to have been a false claim by him, although it is true that he was governor of New Mexico from 1661 to
1664.
Handbook of Texas Online: Peñalosa Briceño y Berdugo, Diego Dionisio de
Addison Erwin Sheldon: Don Diego de Penalosa
William Penn (England, 1644-1718)

1677: Involved in the creation of the colony of West New Jersey.
1681: Gets the rights to the colony of Pennsylvania and settles it.
Juan Josef Pérez Hernández (Spain, 1725?-1775)

1769: Sails some of the first Spanish colonists to (Alta) California.
1774: Explores the American Northwest Coast northward from California to 60° North.
1775: Second-in-command of Hezeta's expedition up the northwest coast.
W.J. Langlois: Captain Cook and the Spanish Explorers on the Coast (excerpt)
Diego Pérez de Luxán (Spain)

1582-3: Wrote a report of the voyage of Antonio de Espejo.
Handbook of Texas Online: Pérez de Luxán, Diego
Nicolas Perrot (France, 1644?-1717)

1660-1701: Makes a number of voyages to the area which is now Wisconsin. Ensures good
relationships between the French and the Indians of the region.
Virtual Museum of New-France: Nicolas Perrot. The Undervalued Diplomat
Jamie Kneisler: Nicolas Perrot: Early Wisconsinite
Andrés de Pez y Malzáragga (Spain, 1657-1723)

1687-9: Member of various expeditions to look for La Salle. Explores parts of the American coast
and is among the first European group to navigate the Rio Grande.
Arthur Phillip (England, 1738-1814)

1788-93: First governor of Australia. Founds the city of Sydney.
Instructions from the Home Secretary, Lord Sydney to Captain Arthur Phillip
Pieter Pietersz
1636: Takes over the command in the expedition of Pool after the latter's death. Discovers a part of
the Australian north coast, west of Arnhemland.
Antonio Francesco Pigafetta (also known as Antonio Lombardo Pigafetta, Italy, 1491?-1534?)
1519-22: One of the survivors of Magalhães' expedition around the world. Writes the report of the
voyage.
Fernão de Magalhães
Zebulon Montgomery Pike (USA, 1779-1813)

1805-6: Explores the upper Mississippi. Discovers Cass Lake, which he mistakenly believes to be
the river's source.
1806-7: Travels up the Arkansas to the Rockies. Travels to the headwaters of the Rio Grande,
claiming to have mistaken them for those of the Red River. Is captured by the Spanish and taken to
Chihuahua before being allowed to return to Natchitoches.
David L. Wood: Zebulon Montgomery Pike
Handbook of Texas Online: Pike, Zebulon Montgomery
author unknown: Zebulon Montgomery Pike
Zebulon Montgomery Pike: An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi and
Through the Western Parts of Louisiana...
Wallace L. McKeehan: Lt. Zebulon Pike's Diary: New Mexico, Chihuahua & Texas
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda (Spain, ?-1520)

1519: Explores the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico. Establishes a colony at the mouth of the Pánuco.
1520: Killed in a fight with the local natives.
Handbook of Texas online: Álvarez de Pineda, Alonso
Bob Fromme: early explorers - Pineda
Martín Alonso Pinzón (Spain, 1440?-1493)

1492-3: Commander of the Pinta on Columbus's first voyage.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Martín Alonso Pinzón
pinson.net: Martin Alonzo Pinzon - Admiral of the Ocean Seas
Christophorus Columbus
Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (Spain, 1463-?)

1492-3: Commander of the Niña on Columbus's first voyage.
1499-1500: Discovers Brazil, and explores the northeast coast. Discovers the mouth of the Amazon
River.
1502-4: Leads another voyage of exploration to Brazil.
1506: With de Solís, explores the coast of Central America. Explores the Yucatán Peninsula and
discovers Honduras.
1508-9: With de Solís, searches for a passage through South America to the Indies. Aborts the
expedition, reportedly because of difficulties with de Solís.
Francisco Pizarro (Spain, 1475-1541)

1509: Joins Ojeda on a colonizing expedition to the Gulf of Urabá. Put in command of the colony
when Ojeda goes to Hispaniola for supplies.
1524-5: Travels south along the Colombian coast, looking for Peru.
1526-8: On a second expeedition to Peru, reaches the Inca harbour of Tumbes and the Santa Pau
River.
1531-5: Conquers the Inca empire of Peru.
1535: Founds the city of Lima.
University of Calgary: The conquest of the Inca empire: Francisco Pizarro
Americas-fr: Francisco Pizarro, Conquistador du Pérou (in French)
Comptons Encyclopedia: Francisco Pizarro (copied by Pirate's Cove)
Catholic Encyclopedia: Francisco Pizarro
Trujillo: Francisco Pizarro (in Spanish)
Peter Bigorajski: Die Eroberung Perus (in German)
Thierry Gschwind: Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) (in German)
amerique-latine.com: Francisco Pizarro (in French)
Shannon N. White: Spaniards v. Incas and the Fall of the Inca Empire
Publius Historicus: Francisco Pizarro - Conquérant espagnol (in French)
Dr. J. Kelly Robinson: Francisco Pizarro
Encyclopedia.com: Pizarro, Francisco
Infoplease: Pizarro, Francisco
Francisco de Xeres: Narrative of the Conquest of Peru (excerpt, relating of the capture of Inca king
Atahualpa)
Gonzalo Pizarro (Spain, 1506?-1548)

1539: Becomes governor of Quito.
1540-2: Searching for El Dorado, travels down the Napo River.
Columbia Encyclopedia: Pizarro, Gonzalo
Francisco de Orellana
Maffeo Polo (Venice, dates unknown)

1255-69: With his brother Nicolò makes a trading voyage to Constantinople and Russia. Travels on
to Buchara and China.
1271-9: With Nicolò and nephew Marco, again travels to China.
Marco Polo (Venice, 1254-1324)

1271-92: With his father and uncle, travels to China by way of Palestina, Persia and Central Asia.
There he is in service of Kubilai Khan for 15 years, and visits India by land. He returns to Europe,
taking the sea route to Persia.
Nicolò Polo (Venice, dates unknown)

1255-69: With his brother Mafeo, makes a trading voyage to Constantinople and Russia. Travels on
to Buchara and China.
1271-9: With Mafeo and son Marco, again travels to China.
Juan Ponce de Léon (Spain, 1460?-1521)

1508: Explores and colonizes Puerto Rico.
1513: Discovers Florida and follows a large part of the coastline.
1521: Fails in an attempt to establish a colony on the west coast of Florida.
Peter Pond (USA, 1740-1807)

1778: First European to reach Lake Athabasca. Establishes a trading post on the Atabasca River.
1787: Probably reaches the Great Slave Lake.
Dorthea Calverley: Peter Pond, Methye Portage and the first Northern Alberta trading post
Dorthea Calverley: Peter Pond and the Athabasca Country
The Columbia Encyclopedia: Peter Pond
Lorraine Hoffman & Phillip R. Coutu: Did Peter Pond participate in the ethnic cleansing of Western
Canada's Indigenous Peoples?
Gerrit Pool (Netherlands)

1636: Sent out on an expedition to Australia. Killed by natives.
Gaspar de Portolá (Spain)

1769: Leads the first Spanish colonizing expedition to California.
1769-70: Explores the coast of California by land. Discovers San Francisco Bay.
San Diego Historical Society: Gaspar de Portola
Gary S. Breschini: The Portolá Expedition of 1769
Ross Eric Gibson: First Portola Expedition Got Lost on the Way to Monterey
University of Alabama: Don Gaspare de Portola - The Discovery of the San Francisco peninsula
Gary S. Breschini: The Founding of Monterey
Gary S. Breschini: Monterey's First Years: The Royal Presidio of San Carlos de Monterey
John Wesley Powell (USA, 1834-1902)

1867-73: Leads four scientific expeditions to the Rocky Mountains and the Colorado River.
1869: Descends the Colorado River by boat.
John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum: Major John Wesley Powell
John Wesley Powell River History Museum: John Wesley Powell - The Man
Desert USA: John Wesley Powell
Shelly James: Major John Wesley Powell
Susannah Abbey: Explorer Hero: John Wesley Powell
Bob Ribokas: The Powell Expedition
University of Colorado: The John Wesley Powell Page
Utah History Encyclopedia: John Wesley Powell
Songbird: John Wesley Powell
Alex Philp: John Wesley Powell's watershed commonwealths: Mapping a West that might have
been
contemporary obituary and grave
University of North Texas Library: John Wesley Powell (links)
Chris Jeffereis: John Wesley Powell (links)
Publications - several primary sources
Vasily Poyarkov (Russia)

1643-6: Travels to the Amur and follows it downstream. Returns to Siberia by way of the coast.
Martin Pring (England)

1603: Visits New England.
Nikolai Mikhaylovich Przhevalski (also known as Przehvalsky, Przewalski, Russia, 1839-1888)

1870-2: Travels through Mongolia and China, and reaches lake Koko Nor.
1876-7: Reaches lake Lop Nor and discovers the Altin Tagh mountains.
1879-80: Attempts to reach Lhasa, but is sent back by Tibetan guards only 270 km from his goal.
1884-5: Again fails to reach Lhasa, but explores large parts of northeastern Tibet.
1888: Dies at the Issyk Kul Lake while preparing for his fifth voyage.
Claudius Ptolemaeus (also known as Ptolemy, Greece/Egypt, 90?-168?)

Important astronomer and geographer. His Geography was the main source of information for early-
Renaissance cartographers.
The Roman period
Pytheas (Massilia)
ca. 325 BC: Visits the Atlantic coast of Europe. Explores the British Islands and describes a country
in the far northwest which he calls Thule.
Greek explorers
Jacob Quackernaeck (the Netherlands)

1598-1600: Captain on the expedition of Mahu and Cordes to sail to the Indies through the Straits of
Magellan. After crossing the Pacific, Quackernaeck's ship lands on the coast of Japan. Beginning of
both the Dutch and the English contacts with Japan.
Hans-Peter van Leeuwen: Ongeluk brengt Hollandse liefde naar Japan (in Dutch)
Andre Engels: Jacques Mahu and Simon de Cordes
Chris Sonnemans: The Voyage of 'de Liefde'
Matthijs Quast (the Netherlands)

1639: Explores the seas East of Japan. Discovers the Bonin Islands.
Jean de Quen (France, 1603-1659)

1647: Travels up the Saguenay and discovers and crosses Lake St. Jean.
1652: Founds the mission of Metabetchouan.
The Virtual Museum of New France: Jean de Quen. The Missionary Explorer
Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada (1509-1579)

1536-9: Travels inland from the Colombian coast. Conquers the Chibcha kingdom. Founds Santa
Fé de Bogota.
1568-72: Travels eastward from Santa Fé to look for El Dorado. Reaches the Orinoco River.
Pedro Fernandez De Quirós (also known as Pedro Fernandes de Quieros, Portugal, ca. 1565-1615)
1595-6: Pilot on the second voyage of Mendaña, leads the expedition to the Philippines after the
latter's death.
1603-6: Searching for Terra Australis, discovers Vanuatu and tries to build a colony there. Returns
to Mexico very suddenly.
Pierre Esprit Radisson (France, 1636-1710)

1651: Captured by Iroquois. Escapes and lives as an interpreter in Fort Orange (present-day
Albany) for some time.
1659-60: With Grosseilliers, makes a fur trading voyage to the north of Lake Superior, and hears
that the area between Lake Superior and Hudson Bay was rich in beaver. Possibly reaches the upper
Mississippi.
1661-3: With Grosseilliers, makes another fur trading expedition to the Lake Superior region and
reaches James Bay.
1666: Having been fined for unlicensed fur trading, switches loyalty to England.
1668: Sets out on an English fur trading expedition to Hudson Bay, but is forced back by a storm
near Ireland.
1674: Switches loyalty back to France, and later back to England.
The Virtual Museum of New-France: Pierre-Esprit Radisson. The Stateless Adventurer
Historic HBC: Pierre-Esprit Radisson adn Médard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseilliers
L2ed.com: Pierre Radisson and Médard Chouart Sieur des Groseilliers (French version)
The Hudson's Bay Company
John Rae (Scotland, 1813-1893)

1846: Maps the coast from Melville Peninsula to Boothia.
1847-9: Explores the coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers, looking for Franklin.
1851: Looking for Franklin, explores the south coast of Victoria Island and Victoria Strait.
1853-4: Travels through Boothia Peninsula and hears of the fate of Franklin's expedition.
Made various more explorations in the Canadian Arctic.
Canadian Arctic Profiles: John Rae
Sir Walter Raleigh (also known as Walter Ralegh, England, 1552?-1618)

1584: Sends out Amadas and Barlowe to explore the coast of North America for a suitable place for
a colony.
1585: Sends out a colonizing expedition to Roanoke Island, North Carolina.
1587: Sends out a second colonizing expedition to Roanoke.
1595: Explores the Orinoco to look for El Dorado.
1616: Explores the Orinoco searching for El Dorado a second time.
Jim Batten: Sir Walter Raleigh, of Hayes Barton, Woodbury Common
John D. Neville: Sir Walter Raleigh
Lebame Houston and Wynne Dough: Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe
Kid Info: The Colony of Roanoke (links)
Raleigh National Historic Site: Roanoke Revisited
North Carolina Historical Sites: First English Settlement in the New World
John D. Neville: The First English Colony
John D. Neville, Lebame Houston and Wynne Dough: John White
John D. Neville: The John White Colony
Ralph Lane: The Colony At Roanoke
Thomas Hariot: A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (eyewitness account of
the first Virginia colony)
Melanie Nixon: The Lost Colony at Roanoke
Webwright Research: North Carolina's "Lost" Colonists 1587 (with further links)
John D. Neville: Search for the lost colony
Eric Hause: Roanoke Island: The Lost Colony
The Great Unknown: Sir Walter Raleigh
Walter Raleigh: The Discovery of Guiana (Raleigh's own account of his first South American
expedition) (same text, different site)
Hari Ram (India)

1871-2: Circumnavigates Mount Everest, without ever seeing it.
The Pundits
Diego Ramón (Spain, 1641-1724)

1707: Explores the area north of the Rio Grande and fights the Indians of the Region.
Handbook of Texas Online: Ramón, Diego
Handbook of Texas Online: Ramón Expedition
Domingo Ramón (Spain, ?-1723)

1716-9: Leads an expedition trying to reconquer Eastern Texas for the Spanish.
Handbook of Texas Online: Ramón, Domingo
António Rapôso Tavares (Portugal, 1598?-1658)

1627: On a slave-catching expedition from São Paulo, raids mission villages in Uruguay and the
Guaira region.
1636-8: Reaches the Taquari River, Mato Grosso.
1648-52: On a large slave-raiding and exploring expedition, reaches Bolivia, Ecuador and the Rio
Negro, and possibly the Pacific.
Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (Denmark, 1879-1933)

1910: Establishes the Thule trading station in northwestern Greenland.
1912: Crosses northern Greenland and makes discoveries in the Denmark Fjord region.
1917: Explores the northern coast of Greenland.
1920: Undertakes etnographic research among the Inuit of Angmagssalik.
1921-4: Leader of a major scientific expedition into Inuit culture. Travels from Danish Island,
Greenland to Kotzebue, Alaska, studying Inuit people.
Nationalmuseet: Knud Rasmussen. (1879-1933) (in Danish)
Bogens Verden: Knud Rasmussen og Thule pâ EDB (in Danish)
qimusseq.gl: Knud Rasmussen (1879-1933)
Johannes Rebmann (Germany, 1820-1876)

1846: With Krapf, establishes a mission post in Eastern Africa.
1848: First European to see the Kilimanjaro.
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon: Rebmann, Johannes (in German)
Cornelis Reijersen (Netherlands)

1622: Attacks Macao, but is beaten back. Builds a fort on the Pescadores, near the coast of Fujian.
Ray Howgego and Andre Engels: The Dutch on Formosa
Jean Ribault (also known as Jean Ribaut, France, 1520-1565)

1562-3: Establishes the Huguenot colony of Charlesfort in what is now South Carolina.
1565: Killed during an attempt to save Charlesfort from a Spanish attack.
Chester B. DePratter: Charlesfort
Our Country: Who is Jean Ribault?
Florida History Internet Center: Florida of the French. A short interlude
Matteo Ricci (also known as Li Ma-teu, Italy, 1552-1610)

1583: Settles as a Jesuit missionary in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China.
1595: Failed attempt to visit Beijing.
1601: Moves to Beijing to the court of emperor Wan-li.
Draws a famous world map, using both western and Chinese sources.
Joseph MacDonnell: Matteo Ricci, S.J. and his contribution to science in China
Catholic Encyclopedia: Matteo Ricci
J.J. O'Connor & E.F. Robertson: Matteo Ricci
Gesuiti in Italia: Matteo Ricci (in Italian)
The Illuminated Lantern: Christianity in China 1: Matteo Ricci and the Jesuits
Galileo Project: Ricci, Matteo (factfile)
Matteo Ricci: On Chinese Government, The Art of Printing (extracts from his journals)
John Richardson (England)

1819-1822: With Back and Franklin, explores the Canadian Arctic coast from the mouth of the
Coppermine to Bathurst Inlet. - timeline
1825-1827: With Back and Franklin, follows the Canadian coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to
Cape Beechey. - timeline
John Franklin
Ferdinand Paul Wilhem, Freiherr von Richthofen (Germany, 1833-1905)

1867-72: Undertakes seven expeditions exploring China.
Lothar Zögner: Ferdinand von Richthofen - Neue Sicht auf ein altes Land (in German)
Jan Cornelius de Rijp (Netherlands)

1596: With Barentsz and van Heemskerck, discovers Beren Island and Svalbard. Makes a second
attempt to sail between Greenland and Svalbard.
Willem Barentsz
Martín de Rivas (Spain, ?-1690)

1686, 1688: Makes two voyages along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, looking for a supposed
French colony.
Handbook of Texas Online: Martín de Rivas
Handbook of Texas Online: Rivas-Iriarte expedition
Juan Maria de Rivera (Spain)

1761: Travels northwest from Taos into present-day Colorado. Crosses the San Juan mountains
and reaches the environments of present-day Durango.
?: Leads a group of soldiers, traders and missionaries from Taos to Durango.
1765: Reaches the area around the Gunnison River, Colorado.
Jean-François de la Rocque, Sieur de Roberval (France, 1500-1560)

1542-3: Tries to colonize Canada. Builds a fortress near present-day Quebec and searches for the
mythical country of Saguenay.
Jacques Cartier
Agustín Rodríguez (Spain, ?-1582)

1581-2: Leads an expedition into New Mexico. Killed by Indians.
Handbook of Texas Online: Rodríguez, Agustín
Handbook of Texas Online: Rodríguez-Sánchez Expedition
Jacob Roggeveen (Netherlands, 1659-1729)

1721-2: Travels to the Pacific to look for Terra Australis. Discovers Easter Island and Samoa.
Hermann Mückler: Roggeveen, Jacob (in German)
Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs (Germany, 1831-1896)

1862-7: Crosses the Atlas mountains and travels through the northern Sahara. Crosses the Sahara
from Tripoli to Lake Chad and the Golf of Guinea.
1869, 1874, 1878-9: Makes two voyages through the Libyan desert. On his last voyage he reaches
the oases of Kufra.
Bayern2Radio: Durch Wüsten und Bergländer: Gerhard Rohlfs (in German)
Vegesack Online: Gerhard-Rohlfs-Zimmer (in German)
Gerhard Rohlfs: Quer durch Afrika (in German)
Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondón (Brazil, 1865-1958)

1906-9: Explores the Mato Grosso. Discovers the Rio da Dúvida.
1913: With Roosevelt, explores the Rio da Dúvida (now Rio Roosevelt).
Fernando Correia da Silva: Cândido Rondon: Explorador, geógrafo, pacificador (in Portuguese)
The Great Unknown: Candido Rondon. A Friend of the Indians
Theodore Roosevelt (USA, 1858-1919)

1901-9: President of the USA
1913-4: With Rondon, maps the River of Doubt (now Rio Roosevelt).
Mary Beth Smith: The Joy of Life - a biography of Theodore Roosevelt
The Great Unknown: Theodore Roosevelt, The Restless Hunter
Theodore Roosevelt: Through the Brazilian Wilderness
James Clark Ross (UK, 1800-1862)

1818-37: Member of various Arctic expeditions under his uncle John Ross and Edward Parry.
1829-33: During an expedition of John Ross, makes various sledge journeys in the Canadian Arctic
and reaches the North Magnetic Pole.
1839-43: Leads an expedition to Antarctica. Discovers Victoria Land and the Ross Ice Barrier.
1848: Leads an expedition searching for Franklin.
Antarctic Philately: James Clark Ross
SPASEMAN: 1841 Ross Island Discovered
Robert Holmes: Discovered in 1841 (the discovery of Ross Island)
Bernie Chung: James Clark Ross
John Ross (UK, 1777-1856)

1818-9: Explores Baffin Bay.
1829-33: Searching for the Northwest Passage, explores Boothia Peninsula, King William Island
and the Gulf of Boothia. His nephew James Clark Ross reaches the North Magnetic Pole.
1850: Leads an expedition to search for Franklin.
The Wayfarer's Bookshop: Explorer Biographies: Sir John Ross
Sir John Ross: Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a north-west passage and of a residence
in the Arctic Regions, during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, and 1833
National Library of Canada: Ross (1818-1819)
Sir John Ross: Letter to Geroge Elliot, 1833
Find a Grave: Sir John Ross
Ru (Polynesia)
According to Tahitian tradition, explores the world with his sister Huna
William of Rubruck (also known as Willem van Ruysbroeck, Wilhelmus Rubruquis, Flanders, dates
unknown)
1253-5: Visits the Mongolian leader Möngke Khan in Karakorum.
Álvaro de Saavedra (Spain, ?-1529)

1527-9: Crosses the Pacific from Mexico to Indonesia. Takes the survivers of the expedition of
Loaysa aboard and follows the north coast of New Guinea. Dies on a failed attempt to cross the
Pacific back.
Hermann Mückler: Saavedra, Alvaro de S. Ceron (in German)
Sacagawea (also known as Sakajawea, Soshone, 1787?-1812)

1805-6: Assists Lewis and Clark on their expedition as an interpreter and general aid.
PBS Online: Sacagawea
Jim Garamone: Sacagawea: Saga of an American Indian Woman
Irving W. Anderson: The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny
Grace Raymond Hebard: Sacagawea: Shoshone Indian: "Bird Woman"
Bonnie Butterfield: Sacagawea: Captive, Indian Interpreter, Great American Legend: Her Life and
Death
The West Film Project: Sacagawea
Microsoft Encarta: Sakajawea
Irving W. Anderson: Sacajawea?-Sakakawea?-Sacagawea? Spelling-Pronunciation-Meaning
Sacagawea - Guide to Lewis and Clark (links)
Lewis and Clark
Sahure (Egypt, reign 2458-2446 BC)

ca. 2450: Sends out the oldest expedition to a land called Punt.
The first explorers
Juan de Salas (Spain, dates unknown)

1629, 1632: Missionary expeditions to the Jumanos indians in western Texas.
Francisco Sánchez (Spain, 1512?-1582)

1581-2: Crosses the Rio Grande and visits the Jumano Indians. Killed by Indians on the return
voyage.
Handbook of Texas Online: Sánchez, Francisco
Handbook of Texas Online: Rodríguez-Sánchez Expedition
Sataspes (Carthage)
In Persian service, explores the Atlantic coast of Africa.
Greek explorers
Johann Schiltberger (also known as Hans Schiltberger, Bavaria, 1380-?)

1396-1402: Captured by the Turks in the battle of Nicopolis. Lives as a prisoner of sultan Bajazet
and visits much through Asia Minor and Egypt.
1402-5: Captured by the Mongols. Becomes a prisoner of Timur (Tamerlane), reaches Samarkand
and travels through Armenia, Georgia and Russia.
1405-27: Taken to a new master in Herat after Timur's death. Travels to Western Siberia and
makes a pilgrimage to Mecca. Escapes in Caffa on the Black Sea and returns to Bavaria.
The medieval period
Eduard Schnitzer
See Emin Pasha
Robert Hermann Schomburgk (UK, 1804-1865)

1835-8: Explores the inlands of British Guyanan on a botanical expedition.
1841: Surveys the boundaries between British Guyana and Brasil and Venezuela.
Schomburgk's own writings: Reports and letters - The fishes of Guyana
Willem Corneliszoon Schouten (Netherlands, 1567?-1625)

1602: Travels to Ceram to get information on New Guinea for the VOC (Dutch East India
Company).
1615-6: With Le Maire, discovers Le Maire Strait (south of Cape Horn) and sails through it,
discovers various Pacific Islands and charts the north coast of New Guinea. Is imprisoned by the VOC.
VITA: Le Maire, Schouten, and Cape Horn
Hermann Mückler: Schouten, Cornelis Willem van (Corneliszoon, Willem) - Le Maire, Jakob (in
German)
Edward Duyker: The First Cape Horners
Britannica.com: Schouten, Willem
Brian Hooker: In the Name of the Son: Isaac Le Maire fought to credit his son Jacob as discoverer
of the Le Maire Straight
Georg August Schweinfurth (Germany, 1836-1925)

1869-71: Explores the Bahr al-Ghazal, a tributary of the Nile. Crosses the Nile-Congo watershed
and discovers the Uele River. Anthropological research on various tribes, among which the pygmys.
1873: With Rohlfs, makes a failed attempt to cross the Lybian desert.
1875-1888: Lives in Egypt.
Encyclopaedia Britannica: Schweinfurth, Georg August
William Scoresby (Sr.) (UK, 1760-1829)

1806: With a whaling ship east of Svalbard, reach 81°30' north, a record.
Whitby UK: William Scoresby: Attractions
Coastguard23: William Scoresby (top half of the page)
Queensland Hotel: The Scoresby Family
Robert D. Blair: The Scoresby Page
William Scoresby (Jr.) (UK, 1789-1857)

1817: Explores Jan Mayen Island. Finding unusually little ice between Svalbard and Greenland,
manage to reach the east coast of Greenland.
1822: Explores the East Greenland coast.
Whitby UK: William Scoresby: Attractions (note: the first part is about William Scoresby Sr.)
BBC Online: Local Heroes: William Scoresby 1789-1857
Coastguard23: William Scoresby (bottom half of the page)
Queensland Hotel: The Scoresby Family
Robert D. Blair: The Scoresby Page
Robert Falcon Scott (UK, 1868-1912)

1901-4: Leads an expedition to Antarctica. Reaches 82°17' south and is the first to see the South
Polar ice cap.
1910-2: Reaches the South Pole, but dies on the voyage back to his base camp, as do all other
members of the group that reached the pole.
Antarctic Philately Homepage: Robert Falcon Scott: Part I - Part II
National Maritime Museum: Discovery 1901-04 - Terra Nova 1910-13
Bruce Heydt: Furthest South
Jeroen François: The first expedition of Robert Falcon Scott - "For God's sake look after our people"
Spaseman: 1910-1912 Scott's last expedition
Robert Holmes: Scott's Last Expedition
EyeWitness: Doomed Expedition To The Pole (journal fragments)
Kenneth Chang: Scott's Big Chill - analysis of the meteorological conditions on Scott's final journey
Scott Sutherland: A First Rate Tragedy: Robert Falcon Scott and the Race to the South Pole (book
review)
Scylax (Greece, dates unknown)

510-507 BC: Sails down the Indus River and around Arabia to Egypt.
Greek explorers
Junípero Serra (Spain, 1713-1784)

1769: Joins an expedition over land to California by Portola. Founds the mission post of San Diego
de Alcala.
1771-82: Founds several more mission posts in California.
Museum of the City of San Francisco: Junípero Serra: Founder of California
The West Film Project: Junipero Serra
San Diego Historical Society: Father Junipero Serra
Catholic Encyclopedia: Junípero Serra
Gary S. Breschini: Father Junípero Serra
Tom Kreitzberg: Bl. Junipero Serra, Priest and Missionary
Francisco Serrão (Portugal, dates unknown)

1511: Takes part in the first Portuguese expedition to the Moluccas. Shipwrecks, but is saved by the
inhabitants of Ternate, where he decides to remain for the rest of his life.
Ernest Shackleton (UK (half Irish), 1874-1922)

1907-9: Attempts to reach the South Pole, and gets to less than 100 miles distance from it. Another
group from his expeditions reaches the South Magnetic Pole.
1914-6: Travels to the Weddell Sea, hoping to cross the Antarctic continent to the Ross Sea. His
ship is set adrift, then destroyed by the ice. Manages with great luck and skill to save himself and his
crew.
1921-2: Sets out to explore Enderby Land, but dies of a heart attack before reaching Antarctica.
The Shack - the Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton Great Antarctic Explorer Site
Antarctic Philately Homepage: Ernest H. Shackleton
NOVA Online: Shackleton's Expedition
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton
Emily Slatten: Sir Ernest Shackleton
Jeroen François: Within a stone's throw of the geographic southpole - The incredible adventure of
Shackleton
National Maritime Museum: Nimrod 1907-09 - Endurance 1914-17
TheIce: Shackleton's expedition of 1907-1909 - Shackleton's Endurance-Aurora expedition
Antarctic Connection: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton
Stephanie Capparell: Get Ready for Shackleton-Mania
Peter's Antarctic Domain: Ernest Shackleton
May French-Sheldon (USA, 1847-1936)

1891: Travels through present-day Tanzania.
Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov (Russia, 1730?-1795)

1783: Establishes a trading post on Kodiak Island, Alaska and explores the surrounding islands. In
the following years builds up a trading emperium in the Aleuts and Alaska.
Nobu Shirase (Japan, 1861-1946)

1910-2: Explores the Ross Ice Shelf and King Edward VII Land.
Antarctic Philately Homepage: Nobu Shirase
Media-Akita: Nobu Shirase
Jeroen François: The first Swiss and Japanese expedition
Thomas Simpson (Scotland, 1808-1840)

1837-9: With Peter Warren Dease charts the Canadian and Alaskan North Coast from the mouth of
the Mackenzie to Point Barrow and from the mouth of the Coppermine to Bootha peninsula.
Marie Fraser: Sir George Simpson & Thomas Simpson
Industry Canada: Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson
Kishen Singh (India, dates unknown)

1871-2: Travels through West Tibet and visits Lhasa.
1878-82: Explores the trade route from Lhasa to China and eastern Tibet.
The Pundits
Nain Singh (India, 1826?-1882)

1865-6: Travels through Nepal to Lhasa, and determines the position of the city. Travels through
Tibet to the east.
1867: Travels through western Tibet and visits the Thok-Jalung gold mines.
1873-5: Travels from Kashmir to Lhasa.
The Pundits
James Sinclair (Canada (after 1849 USA), 1806-1856)

1841: Leads a group of British settlers through the southern Canadian Rockies to Oregon.
1850-2: Travels through the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and California.
1854: Leads a group of settlers from Red River to Oregon.
Pedro de Sintra (Portugal, dates unknown)

1460: Travels southward on the African west coast to Guinea.
1461-2: Travels even further south, reaching Sierra Leone.
The coast of Africa
Paul Allen Siple (USA, 1908-1968)

1933-5: Chief biologist on Byrd's second expedition.
1939-41: Commander of the post at Bay of Whales in the United States Antarctic Service
Expedition.
1946: Flies over the North Pole.
1946-7: Joins another expedition to Antarctica.
1955-7: Scientific leader of the United States Antarctic program.
Jedediah Strong Smith (USA, 1798-1831)

1823-4: Travels through the South Dakota badlands to the Black Hills. Rediscovers South Pass.
1826-7: Travels southwest from Great Salt Lake through Nevada to the Colorado River and the
Black Mountains. Crosses the Mojave Desert and reaches California. Crosses the Sierra Nevada and
the Great Basin back to Bear Lake.
1827-8: Returns to California by the same route, then travels north to the Columbia River.
Utah History Encyclopedia: Jedediah S. Smith
Beth Gibson: Jedidiah Smith
Bob Katz: The Mountain Man Jedediah Strong Smith
Bob Katz: Mountain Man Jedediah Smith Was a Desert Man, Too
Richard Hughey: Jedediah Smith blazed trail across the Serra - The Legacy of Jedediah Smith
Cottonwood: Jedediah Strong Smith
Sandra Bray: Jedediah S. Smith
Emily Zimmerman: Jedediah Smith
Martha Glautier: San Dimas Remembered Jedediah Strong Smith
Jedediah Strong Smith: The crossing of the Great Salt Lake Desert
The Jedediah Smith Society
John Smith (England, 1580-1631)

1607-9: Leader of the colony of Jamestown. Explores Chesapeake Bay and discovers the mouth of
the Susquehanna.
1614-6: Maps the coast of New England from Monhegan Island to Cape Cod.
APVA: Captain John Smith - History of Jamestown - Pocahontas - Virginia Company - Timeline
SeacoastNH.com: Smith's New England - Captain Smith's World Wide Hotlinks
Dennis Montgomery: Captain John Smith
Donald E. Wise: Captain John Smith
Department of Humanities Computing:
Jamestownhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/s/smith.shtml">John Smith: A Founder
of Jamestown
'Our Country': John Smith in Jamestown
Charles W. Brewster: Martin Pring, John Smith and Early Exploration
J. Dennis Robinson: Why John Smith Never Came Back
Stan Birchfield: Did Pocahontas Save Captain John Smith?
Douglas Griffith: The Establishment of Jamestown and the Decline of Indian Power
John Smith: Map of Virginia - Map of New England
John Smith: Starving Time in Virginia
Raymond F. Dolle: Captain John Smith's Satire of Sir Walter Raleigh
William Smith (England)

1819: Blown south near Cape Horn, discovers the South Shetland Islands.
1819-20: Pilot on an expedition by Bransfield which maps the South Shetland Islands and the tip of
Graham Land.
Jeroen François: Antarctica in sight
Juan Díaz de Solis (Spain, ?-1516)

1506: With Pinzon, explores the coast of Central America.
1515-6: Explores the coast of South America, discoves Rio de La Plata, but is killed by natives.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Juan Díaz de Solis
Publius Historicus: Juan Diaz de Solis (in French)
Hernando de Soto (Spain, ?-1542)

1531-4: Assists Francisco Pizarro during the conquest of Peru
1539-42: Lands in Florida and travels through the current southeastern United States, looking for
riches. Crosses the Mississippi. Dies of a fever on the Mississippi. Members of his expedition later
build boats to return to Mexico.
David LaRo: de Soto
Pensacola Archeology Lab: The Soto Expedition
Ron Shealer: Hernando de Soto: Legacy of a conquistador
Walter P. Fuller: De Soto: The greatest explorer
Peter Bigojarski: Hernando de Soto (timeline; in German)
Spanish Exploration and Conquest of Native America (note: the theory presented here about De
Soto's route is not one that is anything like generally accepted)
Robert B. Rackleff: On De Soto's Trail
Ellen K. Coughlin: 16th-Century de Soto Expedition Offers Scholars a Look at Earliest Encounters
Between 2 Civilizations
John Hanning Speke (UK, 1827-1864)

1854-5: With Burton, explores the inlands of Somalia and visits the city of Harar.
1856-8: With Burton, discovers Lake Tanganyika; alone, discovers Lake Victoria.
1860-3: With Grant, travels to Lake Victoria, finds the place where the Nile flows out of it, and
travels on to Sudan.
Speke and Grant
John Hanning Speke: Journey of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile
Joris van Spilbergen (Netherlands)

1614-6: Leads a war fleet to Chile and attacks Spanish ships. Travels on to the East Indies.
Hermann Mückler: Spielbergen, Joris
Hans Staden (Germany)

1548-9: Takes part in a Portuguese voyage to Brazil.
1550-5: Takes part in a Spanish expedition to South America. Shipwrecks in Brazil and is held
captive by Tupinamba Indians.
Athena Review: Hans Staden and the Tupinamba in southeast Brasil
Henry Morton Stanley (Wales/USA, 1841-1904)

1871: Travels to East Africa and finds Livingstone in the town of Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika.
1874-7: Explores Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika, and travels down the Lualaba-Congo to its
mouth.
1879-84: Travels up the Congo to claim territory for the Congo Freestate.
1888-9: Travels to Central Africa to relieve Emin Pasha. Discovers the Semliki River, Lake Edward
and the Ruwenzori Mountains.
Pegasos: Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Britannica: Stanley, Sir Henry Morton
Paul Auster: Henry Morton Stanley
The Atlantic Online: Is he not in Congo-land?
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis (Canada/France, 1674-1744)

1713: Travels west from Mobile, and reaches the Rio Grande and San Juan Bautista. Is taken to
Mexico City by the Spanish.
1717-9: Travels to San Juan Bautista again, to trade. Is sent to Mexico City again and escapes.
Handbook of Texas Online: St. Denis, Louis Juchereau de
Vilhjalmur Stefansson (Canada/USA, 1879-1962)

1906-7: Travels down the Mackenzie, Spends the Winter among the Inuit.
1908-12: With Rudolph Anderson, travels through the Canadian Arctic and lives among the Copper
Eskimos.
1913-8: Travels through unknown parts of the Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea.
Aurel Stein (UK, 1862-1943)

1900-1: Travels through Central Asia.
1906-8: Leads an archeological expedition in the Takla Makan desert.
1913-5: Leads another expedition to the Takla Makan and surrounding areas.
John McDouall Stuart (Scotland, 1815-1866)

1844: Member of the expedition of Sturt to Central Australia.
1858, 1859: Explores South Australia.
1860, 1861: Attempts twice to cross Australia from South to North.
1862: On his third attempt, crosses Australi from South to North.
Pacific Island Travel: Pacific Explorers: John McDouall Stuart
Robyn Smith: John McDouall Stuart: Explorer
The John McDouall Stuart Society Inc.: Biographical Notes
The John McDouall Stuart Society
Robert Stuart (Scotland/USA, 1785-1848)

1812-3: Brings dispatches back from Oregon to New York for John Jacob Astor. Discovers South
Pass.
The Astorians
Charles Sturt (UK, 1795-1869)

1828-9: Travels to the Macquarie and the region further west. Discovers the Darling.
1829-30: Follows the Murrumbidgee, tehn the Murray, downstream to the latter's mouth.
1844-6: Attempts to reach the center of Australia. Discovers the Simpson Desert.
Pacific Island Travel: Pacific Explorers Library: Charles Sturt
David Reilly: Charles Sturt
Flinders Ranges Research: Captain Charles Sturt
Jean-François-Marie de Surville
1769-70: Visits New Britain, New Caledonia and New Zealand.
Hermann Mückler: Surville, J.-F.-M. de (in German)
John Augustus Sutter (Switzerland, 1803-1880)

1839: Buys a large area of ground along the Sacramento River. Builds Fort Sutter.
Gardar Svavarsson (Sweden, dates unknown)

ca. 860: Blown off course by a storm, discovers Iceland.
Irish and Vikings
Otto Neumann Sverdrup (Norway, 1854-1930)

1888: Takes part in Nansen's first crossing of Greenland.
1893-6: Captain of the Fram during Nansen's attempt to reach the pole.
1898-1902: Explores the Canadian Arctic.
BODY FACTS
41% of women apply body or hand moisturizer a minimum three times a day.
A human's small intestine is 6 meters long.
An average women has 17 square feet of skin. When a women is in her ninth month of pregnancy
she has 18.5 square feet of skin.
Approximately 25% of all scald burns to children are from hot tap water and is associated with
more deaths than with any other liquid.
By walking an extra 20 minutes every day, an average person will burn off seven pounds of body
fat in an year.
Dead cells in the body ultimately go to the kidneys for excretion.
Every hour one billion cells in the body must be replaced.
Every hour one billion cells in the body must be replaced.
Every square inch of the human body has about 19,000,000 skin cells.
Forty-one percent of women apply body and hand moisturizer at least three times a day.
In one day, a human sheds 10 billion skin flakes. This amounts to approximately two kilograms in a
year.
It is very common for babies in New Zealand to sleep on sheepskins. This is to help them gain
weight faster, and retain their body heat.
The adult human body requires about 88 pounds of oxygen daily.
The aorta, which is largest artery located in the body, is about the diameter of a garden hose.
The human body has approximately 37,000 miles of capillaries.
The human body is 75% water.
The human body makes anywhere from 1 to 3 pints of saliva every 24 hours.
The small intestine in the human body is about 2 inches around, and 22 feet long.
The width of your armspan stretched out is the length of your whole body.
The world record for the number of body piercing on one individual is 702, which is held by
Canadian Brent Moffat.
There are as many hairs per square inch on your body as a chimpanzee. You don't see all of them
because most are too fine and light to be noticed.
Heart Facts
At one time it was thought that the heart controlled a person's emotions.
In 1967, the first successful heart transplant was performed in Cape Town, South Africa.
In a lifetime, the heart pumps about one million barrels of blood.
Most heart attacks occur between the hours of 8 and 9 AM.
Olive oil can help in lowering cholesterol levels and decreasing the risk of heart complications.
People that suffer from gum disease are twice as likely to have a stroke or heart attack.
Scientists have discovered that the longer the ring finger is in boys the less chance they have of
having a heart attack.
The first open heart surgery was performed by Dr. Daniel Hall Williams in 1893.
The human heart beast roughly 35 million times a year.
The human heart beast roughly 35 million times a year.
The human heart can create enough pressure that it could squirt blood at a distance of thirty feet.
The human heart weighs less than a pound.
The right lung of a human is larger than the left one. This is because of the space and placement
of the heart.
Three years after a person quits smoking, there chance of having a heart attack is the same as
someone who has never smoked before.
Women hearts beat faster than men.
Brain Facts
A women from Berlin Germany has had 3,110 gallstones taken out of her gall bladder.
From all the oxygen that a human breathes, twenty percent goes to the brain.
In America, the most common mental illness is Anxiety Disorders.
It is not possible to tickle yourself. The cerebellum, a part of the brain, warns the rest of the brain
that you are about to tickle yourself. Since your brain knows this, it ignores the resulting sensation.
Once a human reaches the age of 35, he/she will start losing approximately 7,000 brain cells a
day. The cells will never be replaced.
People who ride on roller coasters have a higher chance of having a blood clot in the brain.
The human brain has about 100,000,000,000 (100 billion) neurons.
Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression than men in the United States.
Your brain is 80% water.
Your brain is move active and thinks more at night than during the day.
Bones Facts
Adult human bones account for 14% of the body's total weight.
Although the outsides of a bone are hard, they are generally light and soft inside. They are about
75% water.
Enamel is hardest substance in the human body.
Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails!
Gardening is said to be one of the best exercises for maintaining healthy bones.
Humans are born with 300 bones in their body, however when a person reaches adulthood they
only have 206 bones. This occurs because many of them join together to make a single bone.
If an identical twin grows up without having a certain tooth, the other twin will most likely also grow
up with that tooth missing.
In 2000 babies are born with a tooth that is already visible.
The chances of getting a cavity is higher if candy is eaten slowly throughout the day compared to
eating it all at once and then brushing your teeth.
The human face is made up of 14 bones.
The only bone fully grown at birth is located in the ear.
The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes bone which is located in the ear.
The strongest bone in your body is the femur (thighbone), and it's hollow!
There are 54 bones in your hands including the wrists.
Your thigh bone is stronger than concrete.
Blood Facts
A woman has approximately 4.5 liters of blood in her body, while men have 5.6 liters.
Blood accounts for about 8% of a human's body weight.
Blood is such a good stain that Native Americans used it for paint.
By donating just one pint of blood, four lives can be saved.
Each day 400 gallons of recycled blood are pumped through the kidneys.
Half your body’s red blood cells are replaced every seven days.
If all the blood vessels in your body were laid end to end, they would reach about 60,000 miles.
In the early nineteenth century some advertisements claimed that riding the carousel was good for
the circulation of blood.
Seven percent of a humans body weight is made up of blood.
The average life span of a single red blood cell is 120 days.
The kidneys filter over 400 gallons of blood each day.
There are approximately 100,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body.
Two million red blood cells die every second.
Your blood takes a very long trip through your body. If you could stretch out all of a human's blood
vessels, they would be about 60,000 miles long. That's enough to go around the world twice.
Eyes Facts
A human eyeball weighs an ounce.
All babies are colour blind when they are born.
Around the pupil is a colored muscle called the "iris." Our eyes may be BLUE, BROWN, GREEN,
GRAY OR BLACK, because that is the color of the iris.
Babies' eyes do not produce tears until the baby is approximately six to eight weeks old.
Blinking helps to wash tears over our eyeballs. That keeps them clean and moist. Also, if
something is about to hit our eye, we will blink automatically.
If the lens in our eye doesn't work quite right, we can get glasses to help us see. Glasses have
lenses in them that work with our eye's own lens to help us see better.
In the United States, approximately 25,000 eye injuries occur that result in the person becoming
totally blind.
Inside our eye, at the back, is a part called the "retina." On the retina are cells called "rods" and
"cones." These rods and cones help us to see colors and light.
It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.
Just behind the pupil is a lens. It is round and flat. It is thicker toward the middle.
Men are able to read fine print better than women can.
Our body has some natural protection for our eyes. Our eyelashes help to keep dirt out of our
eyes. Our eyebrows are made to keep sweat from running into our eyes.
Our eyes are very important to us, and we must protect them. We don't want dirt, sand, splinters or
even fingers to get in our eyes. We don't want our eyes to get scratched or poked. That could damage
our sight!
Our eyes have many parts. The black part on the front of our eye is called the "pupil." It is really a
little hole that opens into the back part of our eyes.
Over the front of our eye is a clear covering called the "conjunctiva."
People generally read 25% slower from a computer screen compared to paper.
Research has indicated that a tie that is on too tight cam increase the risk of glaucoma in men.
Sailors once thought that wearing a gold earring would improve their eyesight.
Some people start to sneeze if they are exposed to sunlight or have a light shined into their eye.
The conjunctiva is a membrane that covers the human eye.
The cornea is the only living tissue in the human body that does not contain any blood vessels.
The eye of a human can distinguish 500 shades of the gray.
The eyeball of a human weighs approximately 28 grams.
The highest recorded speed of a sneeze is 165 km per hour.
The most common injury caused by cosmetics is to the eye by a mascara wand.
The number one cause of blindness in adults in the United States is diabetes.
The reason why your nose gets runny when you are crying is because the tears from the eyes
drain into the nose.
The shark cornea has been used in eye surgery, since its cornea is similar to a human cornea.
The space between your eyebrows is called the Glabella.
The study of the iris of the eye is called iridology.
The white part of our eye is called the "sclera." At the front, the sclera becomes clear and is called
the "cornea."
We should never put anything in or near our eyes, unless we have a reason to use eye drops. We
would only do that if our doctor or parent told us to use them.
Your eyes blinks over 10,000,000 times a year!
Mouth Facts
In a month, a fingernail grows an eighth of an inch.
It takes food seven seconds to go from the mouth to the stomach via the esophagus.
People whose mouth has a narrow roof are more likely to snore. This is because they have less
oxygen going through their nose.
While sleeping, one man in eight snores, and one in ten grinds his teeth.
Tongue Facts
85% of the population can curl their tongue into a tube.
Close to fifty percent of the bacteria in the mouth lives on the surface of our tongue.
There are approximately 9,000 taste buds on the tongue.
Your tongue has 3,000 taste buds.
Hair Facts
A lifespan of an eyelash is approximately 150 days.
A Russian man who wore a beard during the time of Peter the Great had to pay a special tax.
A survey done by Clairol 10 years ago came up with 46% of men stating that it was okay to color
their hair. Now 66% of men admit to coloring their hair.
Ancient Egyptians used to think having facial hair was an indication of personal neglect.
Brylcreem, which was created in 1929, was the first man's hair product.
Everyday approximately 35 meters of hair fiber is produced on the scalp of an adult.
Eyebrow hair lasts between 3-5 months before it sheds.
Hair and fingernails are made from the same substance, keratin.
Hair is made from the same substance as fingernails.
Hair will fall out faster on a person that is on a crash diet.
Humans have about the same number of hair follicles as a chimpanzee has.
In a lifetime, an average man will shave 20,000 times.
Next to bone marrow, hair is the fastest growing tissue in the human body.
On average redheads have 90,000 hairs. People with black hair have about 110,000 hairs.
On average, a hair strand's life span is five and a half years.
On average, a man spends about five months of his life shaving.
The average human head weighs about eight pounds.
The average human scalp has 100,000 hairs.
The big toe is the foot reflexology pressure point for the head.
The fastest growing tissue in the human body is hair.
The first hair dryer was a vacuum cleaner that was used for drying hair.
The longest human beard on record is 17.5 feet, held by Hans N. Langseth who was born in
Norway in 1846.
The loss of eyelashes is referred to as madarosis.
The reason why hair turns gray as we age is because the pigment cells in the hair follicle start to
die, which is responsible for producing "melanin" which gives the hair colour.
The reason why some people get a cowlick is because the growth of their hair is in a spiral pattern,
which causes the hair to either stand straight up, or goes to a certain angle.
Diseases Facts
3000 children die every day in Africa because of malaria.
A headache and inflammatory pain can be reduced by eating 20 tart cherries.
A person afflicted with hexadectylism has six fingers or six toes on one or both hands and feet.
A person infected with the SARS virus, has a 95-98% chance of recovery.
A person that is struck by lightning has a greater chance of developing motor neurons disease.
A person who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day will on average lose two teeth every ten years.
A popular superstition is that if you put a piece of bread in a baby's crib, it will keep away diseases.
A study indicates that smokers are likely to die on average six and a half years earlier than non-
smokers.
Asthma affects one in fifteen children under the age of eighteen.
Carbon monoxide can kill a person in less than 15 minutes.
Chances of a women getting breast cancer are increased by excessive use of alcohol.
Coughing can cause air to move through your windpipe faster than the speed of sound — over a
thousand feet per second!
Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S., accounting for about 180,000 deaths per
year.
Due to eating habits in the USA, one in three children born in the year 2000 have a chance of
getting type II diabetes.
Each year in America there are about 300,000 deaths that can be attributed to obesity.
Even if you eat food standing on your head, the food will still end up in your stomach.
Every day the human stomach produces about 2 liters of hydrochloric acid.
Every eleven minutes in the U.S., a woman dies of breast cancer.
Every three days a human stomach gets a new lining.
Every three minutes a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer.
Every year in the U.S., there are 178,000 new cases of lung cancer.
Fourteen people die each day from asthma in the United States.
In a year, there are 60,000 trampoline injuries that occur in the U.S.
In ancient Egypt, doctors used jolts from the electric catfish to reduce the pain of arthritis.
In the United States, poisoning is the fourth leading cause of death among children.
Influenza caused over twenty-one million deaths in 1918.
It has been medically been proven that laughter is an effective pain killer.
It takes about three hours for food to be broken down in the human stomach.
Lack of sleep can affect your immune system and reduce your ability to fight infections.
Lady Peseshet is known to be the world's first known female physician. She practiced during the
time of the pyramids, which was the fourth dynasty.
Many cancer patients that are treated with chemotherapy lose their hair. For some when the hair
grows back, it can grow back a different colour, or be curly or straight.
Native Americans used to use pumpkin seeds for medicine.
Nearly half of all Americans suffer from symptoms of burnout.In humans, the epidermal layer of
skin, which consists of many layers of skin regenerates every 27 days.
On average, 90% of the people that have the disease Lupus are female.
Over 40 million Americans have chronic bad breath.
Over 436,000 U.S. Troops were exposed to depleted uranium during the first Gulf war.
Over 90% of diseases are caused or complicated by stress.
People that use mobile phones are 2.5 time more likely to develop cancer in areas of the brain that
are adjacent to the ear they use to talk on the mobile phone.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a disease caused by ticks.
Soldiers disease is a term for morphine addiction. The Civil War produced over 400,000 morphine
addicts.
Studies indicate that epileptic patients that listen to Mozart's Piano Sonata can dramatically
decrease their chance of a seizure.
Studies indicate that listening to music is good for digestion.
Studies indicate that weightlifters working out in blue gyms can handle heavier weights.
Teenage cosmetic surgeries nearly doubled in the USA between 1996 and 1998.
Teenage suicide is the second cause of death in the state of Wisconsin.
The DNA of humans is closer to a rat than a cat.
The first owner of the Marlboro Company, Wayne McLaren, died of lung cancer.
The flu pandemic of 1918 killed over 20 million people.
The incidents of immune system diseases has increased over 200% in the last five years.
The lining of the a person's stomach is replaced every 36 hours.
The number one cause of rabies in the United States are bats.
The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
The purpose of tonsils is to destroy foreign substances that are swallowed or breathed in.
The risk of cardiovascular disease is twice as high in women that snore regularly compared to
women who do not snore.
The smoke that is produced by a fire kills more people than a burn does because of carbon
monoxide and other dangerous gases.
The stomach can break down goat's milk faster than the milk of a cow.
The stomach of an adult can hold 1.5 liters of material.
Pregnancy Facts
A pregnant woman's dental health can affect her unborn child.
Changing a cat's litter box can be dangerous to pregnant women, as cat feces sometimes carry a
parasite that can cause harm to the developing baby.
During pregnancy, the average woman's uterus expands up to five hundred times its normal size.
Every day, over 1,300 babies are born prematurely in the USA.
May babies are on avearge 200 grams heavier than babies born in other months.
Some people drink the urine of pregnant women to build up their immune system.
Studies show that couples that smoke during the time of conception have a higher chance of
having a girl compared to couples that do not smoke.
The first known contraceptive was crocodile dung, used by Egyptians in 2000 B.C.
The world's first test tube twins are Stephen and Amanda Mays born June 5, 1981.
When a women is pregnant, her senses are all heightened.
Sex Facts
A kiss for one minute can burn 26.
According to psychologists, the shoe and the foot are the most common sources of sexual
fetishism in Western society.
An adult esophagus can range from 10 to 14 inches in length and is one inch in diameter.
During the female orgasm, endorphines are released, which are powerful painkillers. So
headaches are in fact a bad excuse not to have sex.
During World War II, condoms were used to cover rifle barrels from being damaged by salt water
as the soldiers swam to shore.
Impotence is grounds for divorce in 26 U.S. states.
In one day, adult lungs move about 10,000 liters of air.
Infants spend more time dreaming than adults do.
Kissing can aid in reducing tooth decay. This is because the extra saliva helps in keeping the
mouth clean.
Men sweat more than women. This is because women can better regulate the amount of water
they lose.
Sex burns about 70-120 calories for a 130 pound woman, and 77 to 155 calories for a 170 pound
man every hour.
The average adult has approximately six pounds of skin.
The average amount of time spent kissing for a person in a lifetime is 20,160 minutes.
The condom made originally of linen was invented in the early 1500's. Casanova, the womanizer,
used linen condoms.
The sperm count of an average American male compared to thirty years ago is down thirty
percent.
There are approximately 100 million acts of sexual intercourse each day.
There are approximately 45 billion fat cells in an average adult.
Other Human Body Facts

A ear trumpet was used before the hearing aid was invented by people who had difficulty hearing.
A man named Charles Osborne had the hiccups for approximately sixty-nine years.
A yawn usually lasts for approximately six seconds.
About 10% of the world's population is left-handed.
About twenty-five percent of the population sneeze when they are exposed to light.
Air is passed through the nose at a speed of 100 miles per hour when a person sneezes.
Bile produced by the liver is responsible for making your feces a brownish, green colour.
By the time you are 70 you will have easily drunk over 12,000 gallons of water.
Children grow faster in the springtime than any other season during the year.
Children who are breast fed tend to have an IQ seven points higher than children who are not.
Constipation is caused when too much water is absorbed in the large intestine and poops become
dry.
Eating chocolate three times a month helps people live longer as opposed to people who overeat
chocolate or do not eat chocolate at all.
Eighty percent of 10 year old girls in the USA go on a diet.
Every day, the average person swallows about a quart of snot.
Fat is important for the development of children and normal growth.
Flu shots only work about 70% of the time.
From the age of thirty, humans gradually begin to shrink in size.
Gases that build up in your large intestine cause flatulence. It usually takes about 30 to 45 minutes
for these gases to pass through your system.
Girls have more tastebud than boys.
Humans breathe in and out approximately one litre of air in ten seconds.
In 1832, in Paisley, Scotland the first municipal water filtration works was opened.
In a lifetime, an average driver will release approximately 912 pints of wind inside a car.
In a lifetime, an average human produces 10,000 gallons of saliva.
In Canada, men are three times more likely than women to have seen a doctor in the last year.
In the United States, 8.5 million cosmetic surgical and non-surgical procedures were done in the
year 2001.
Ironically, when doctors in Los Angeles, California went on strike in 1976, the daily number of
deaths in the city dropped 18%.
It takes more muscles to frown than it does to smile.
Left-handed people are better at sports that require good spatial judgment and fast reaction,
compared to right-handed individuals.
Manicuring the nails has been done by people for more than 4,000 years.
Medical reports show that about 18% of the population are prone to sleepwalking.
Medical research has found substances in mistletoe that can slow down tumor growth.
Men in their early twenties shave an average of four times a week.
Mummy powder was once thought to be a cure for all remedies. English men used to carry the
powder with them in a tiny bag wherever they went.
Nerve cells can travel as fast as 120 meters per second.
Nerve impulses for muscle position travel at a speed of up to 390 feet per second.
On average 1,668 gallons of water are used by each person in the United States daily.
On average a person passes gas 14 times a day.
On average, a person has two million sweat glands.
On average, Americans spend 33% of their life sleeping.
On average, falling asleep while driving results in 550 accidents per day in the United States.
One average, men spend 60 hours a year shaving.
One out of 20 people have an extra rib.
One ragweed plant can release as many as a million grains of pollen in one day.
Only one out of every three people wash their hands when leaving a public bathroom.
Over 600,000 people died as a result of the Spanish influenza epidemic.
People have the tendency to chew the food on the side that they most often use their hand.
People of Ancient China believed that swinging your arms could cure a headache.
People over the age of fifty will start to lose their dislike for foods that taste bitter.
People still cut the cheese shortly after death.
People that smoke have 10 times as many wrinkles as a person that does not smoke.
People who meet their calcium need reduce their risk of developing kidney stones.
People with allergies can lower allergy reactions by laughing.
People with darker skin will not wrinkle as fast as people with lighter skin.
Research has indicated that approximately eleven minutes are cut off the life of an average male
smoker from each cigarette smoked.
Scientists have determined that having guilty feelings may actually damage your immune system
Scientists say that babies that are breastfed are more likely to be slimmer as adults than those that
are not breastfed.
Soaking beans for twelve hours in water before they are cooked can reduce flatulence caused by
beans.
Some brands of toothpaste contain glycerin or glycerol, which is also an ingredient in antifreeze.
Studies have shown that the scent of Rosemary can help in better mental performance and make
individuals feel more alert.
The average human dream lasts only 2 to 3 seconds.
The average person falls asleep in about 12 to 14 minutes.
The average person has at least seven dreams a night.
The average person laughs about 15 times a day.
The average person spends two weeks of their life kissing.
The average person walks the equivalent of twice around the world in a lifetime.
The average weight of a newborn baby is 7 lbs. 6 oz. For a triplet baby it is 3 lbs. 12 oz.
The Dutch people are known to be the tallest people in Europe.
The Gastric Flu can cause projectile vomiting.
The vocabulary of the average person consists of 5,000 to 6,000 words.
There are 10 million bacteria at the place where you rest your hands at a desk.
There are 400 species of bacteria in the human colon.
There are 50% more males that are left handed compared to females.
There are approximately 60 muscles in the face.
There are approximately one hundred million people in the United States that have a chronic
illness.
LIST OF THEOREMS
0–9
* 15 and 290 theorems (number theory)

* 2p theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* AF+BG theorem (algebraic geometry)

* ATS theorem (number theory)
* Abel's binomial theorem (combinatorics)
* Abel's curve theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Abel's theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Abelian and tauberian theorems (mathematical analysis)
* Abel–Jacobi theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Abel–Ruffini theorem (theory of equations, Galois theory)
* Abhyankar–Moh theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Abouabdillah's theorem (geometry,number theory)
* Absolute convergence theorem (mathematical series)
* Acyclic models theorem (algebraic topology)
* Addition theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Adiabatic theorem (physics)
* Ado's theorem (Lie algebra)
* Ahiezer's theorem (complex analysis)
* Akra–Bazzi theorem (computer science)
* Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem (algebras)
* Alchian–Allen theorem (economics)
* Alperin–Brauer–Gorenstein theorem (finite groups)
* Amitsur–Levitzki theorem (linear algebra)
* Analytic Fredholm theorem (functional analysis)
* Anderson's theorem (real analysis)
* Andreotti–Frankel theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Angle bisector theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Ankeny–Artin–Chowla theorem (number theory)
* Apéry's theorem (number theory)
* Apollonius' theorem (plane geometry)
* Appell–Humbert theorem (complex manifold)
* Area theorem (conformal mapping) (complex analysis)
* Arithmetic Riemann–Roch theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Aronszajn–Smith theorem (functional analysis)
* Arrival theorem (queueing theory)
* Arrow's impossibility theorem (game theory)
* Art gallery theorem (geometry)
* Artin approximation theorem (commutative algebra)
* Artin–Schreier theorem (real closed fields)
* Artin–Wedderburn theorem (abstract algebra)
* Artin–Zorn theorem (algebra)
* Artstein's theorem (control theory)
* Arzelà–Ascoli theorem (functional analysis)
* Atiyah–Bott fixed-point theorem (differential topology)
* Atiyah–Segal completion theorem (homotopy theory)
* Atiyah–Singer index theorem (elliptic differential operators, harmonic analysis)
* Atkinson's theorem (operator theory)
* Aumann's agreement theorem (statistics)
* Autonomous convergence theorem (dynamical systems)
* Auxiliary polynomial theorem (diophantine approximation)
* Ax–Grothendieck theorem (model theory)
* Ax–Kochen theorem (number theory)
* Aztec diamond theorem (combinatorics)
* BEST theorem (graph theory)

* Babuška–Lax–Milgram theorem (partial differential equations)
* Baily–Borel theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Baire category theorem (topology, metric spaces)
* Balian–Low theorem (Fourier analysis)
* Balinski's theorem (combinatorics)
* Banach–Alaoglu theorem (functional analysis)
* Banach–Mazur theorem (functional analysis)
* Banach fixed point theorem (metric spaces, differential equations)
* Banach–Steinhaus theorem (functional analysis)
* Banach–Stone theorem (operator theory)
* Bang's theorem (geometry)
* Barbier's theorem (geometry)
* Bapat–Beg theorem (statistics)
* Baranyai's theorem (combinatorics)
* Barta's theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Barwise compactness theorem (mathematical logic)
* Bass's theorem (group theory)
* Basu's theorem (statistics)
* Bauer–Fike theorem (spectral theory)
* Bayes' theorem (probability)
* Beatty's theorem (diophantine approximation)
* Beauville–Laszlo theorem (vector bundles)
* Beck's monadicity theorem (category theory)
* Beck's theorem (incidence geometry)
* Beckman–Quarles theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Beer's theorem (metric geometry)
* Behnke–Stein theorem (several complex variables)
* Bell's theorem (quantum theory – physics)
* Beltrami's theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Belyi's theorem (algebraic curves)
* Bendixson–Dulac theorem (dynamical systems)
* Berger–Kazdan comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Bernstein's theorem (functional analysis)
* Berry–Esséen theorem (probability theory)
* Bertini's theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Bertrand–Diquet–Puiseux theorem (differential geometry)
* Bertrand's ballot theorem (probability theory, combinatorics)
* Bertrand's postulate (prime numbers)
* Besicovitch covering theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Betti's theorem (physics)
* Beurling–Lax theorem (Hardy spaces)
* Bézout's theorem (algebraic curves)
* Bing metrization theorem (general topology)
* Bing's recognition theorem (geometric topology)
* Binomial inverse theorem (matrix theory)
* Binomial theorem (algebra, combinatorics)
* Birch's theorem (Diophantine equation)
* Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem (vector bundles)
* Birkhoff–Von Neumann theorem (matrix theory)
* Birkhoff's representation theorem (lattice theory)
* Birkhoff's theorem (ergodic theory)
* Birkhoff's theorem (relativity) (physics)
* Bishop–Cannings theorem (economics)
* Blaschke selection theorem (geometric topology)
* Bloch's theorem (complex analysis)
* Blondel's theorem (electric power) (physics)
* Blum's speedup theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Bôcher's theorem (complex analysis)
* Bogoliubov–Parasyuk theorem (physics)
* Bohr–Mollerup theorem (gamma function)
* Bohr–van Leeuwen theorem (physics)
* Bolyai–Gerwien theorem (discrete geometry)
* Bolzano's theorem (real analysis, calculus)
* Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem (real analysis, calculus)
* Bombieri's theorem (number theory)
* Bombieri–Friedlander–Iwaniec theorem (number theory)
* Bondareva–Shapley theorem (economics)
* Bondy's theorem (graph theory, combinatorics)
* Bondy–Chvátal theorem (graph theory)
* Bonnet theorem (differential geometry)
* Boolean prime ideal theorem (mathematical logic)
* Borel–Bott–Weil theorem (representation theory)
* Borel–Carathéodory theorem (complex analysis)
* Borel–Weil theorem (representation theory)
* Borel determinacy theorem (set theory)
* Borel fixed-point theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Borsuk–Ulam theorem (topology)
* Bott periodicity theorem (homotopy theory)
* Bounded convergence theorem (measure theory)
* Bounded inverse theorem (operator theory)
* Bourbaki–Witt theorem (order theory)
* Brahmagupta theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Branching theorem (complex manifold)
* Brauer–Nesbitt theorem (representation theory of finite groups)
* Brauer–Siegel theorem (number theory)
* Brauer–Suzuki theorem (finite groups)
* Brauer's theorem (number theory)
* Brauer's theorem on induced characters (representation theory of finite groups)
* Brauer's three main theorems (finite groups)
* Brauer–Cartan–Hua theorem (ring theory)
* Brianchon's theorem (conics)
* British flag theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Brooks’ theorem (graph theory)
* Brouwer fixed point theorem (topology)
* Browder–Minty theorem (operator theory)
* Brown's representability theorem (homotopy theory)
* Bruck–Chowla–Ryser theorem (combinatorics)
* Brun's theorem (number theory)
* Brun–Titchmarsh theorem (number theory)
* Brunn–Minkowski theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Buckingham p theorem (dimensional analysis)
* Burke's theorem (probability theory) (queueing theory)
* Burnside theorem (group theory)
* Busemann's theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Butterfly theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* CPCTC (triangle geometry)

* Cameron–Martin theorem (measure theory)
* Cantor–Bernstein–Schroeder theorem (Set theory, cardinal numbers)
* Cantor's intersection theorem (real analysis)
* Cantor's theorem (Set theory, Cantor's diagonal argument)
* Carathéodory–Jacobi–Lie theorem (symplectic topology)
* Carathéodory's existence theorem (ordinary differential equations)
* Carathéodory's theorem (conformal mapping)
* Carathéodory's theorem (convex hull)
* Carathéodory's theorem (measure theory)
* Carathéodory's extension theorem (measure theory)
* Caristi fixed point theorem (fixed points)
* Carlson's theorem (Complex analysis)
* Carmichael's theorem (Fibonacci numbers)
* Carnot's theorem (geometry)
* Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics)
* Cartan–Dieudonné theorem (group theory)
* Cartan–Hadamard theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Cartan–Kähler theorem (partial differential equations)
* Cartan–Kuranishi prolongation theorem (partial differential equations)
* Cartan's theorem (Lie group)
* Cartan's theorems A and B (several complex variables)
* Casey's theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Castelnuovo theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Castelnuovo–de Franchis theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Castigliano's first and second theorems (structural analysis)
* Cauchy integral theorem (Complex analysis)
* Cauchy–Hadamard theorem (Complex analysis)
* Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem (partial differential equations)
* Cauchy's theorem (geometry)
* Cauchy's theorem (finite groups)
* Cayley–Bacharach theorem (projective geometry)
* Cayley–Hamilton theorem (Linear algebra)
* Cayley-Salmon theorem (algebraic surfaces)
* Cayley's theorem (group theory)
* Central limit theorem (probability)
* Cesàro's theorem (real analysis)
* Ceva's theorem (geometry)
* Chasles' theorems
* Chebotarev's density theorem (number theory)
* Chen's theorem (number theory)
* Cheng's eigenvalue comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem (differential geometry)
* Chevalley–Shephard–Todd theorem (finite group)
* Chevalley–Warning theorem (field theory)
* Chinese remainder theorem (number theory)
* Choi's theorem on completely positive maps (operator theory)
* Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem (formal language theory)
* Choquet–Bishop–de Leeuw theorem (functional analysis)
* Chow's theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Chowla-Mordell theorem (number theory)
* Church-Rosser theorem (lambda calculus)
* Clairaut's theorem (physics)
* Clapeyron's theorem (physics)
* Clark-Ocone theorem (stochastic processes)
* Classification of finite simple groups (group theory)
* Clausius theorem (physics)
* Clifford's circle theorems (circles)
* Clifford's theorem on special divisors (algebraic curves)
* Closed graph theorem (functional analysis)
* Closed range theorem (functional analysis)
* Cluster decomposition theorem (quantum field theory)
* Coase theorem (economics)
* Cochran's theorem (statistics)
* Codd's theorem (relational model)
* Cohn's irreducibility criterion (polynomials)
* Coleman-Mandula theorem (quantum field theory)
* Commutation theorem (von Neumann algebra)
* Compactness theorem (mathematical logic)
* Compression theorem (computational complexity theory) (structural complexity theory)
* Conservativity theorem (mathematical logic)
* Constant rank theorem (multivariate calculus)
* Continuous mapping theorem (probability theory)
* Convolution theorem (Fourier transforms)
* Cook's theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Corners theorem (arithmetic combinatorics)
* Corona theorem (Complex analysis)
* Cox's theorem (probability foundations)
* Craig's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Craig's interpolation theorem (mathematical logic)
* Cramér's theorem (statistics)
* Cramér–Wold theorem (measure theory)
* Critical line theorem (number theory)
* Crooks fluctuation theorem (physics)
* Crossbar theorem (Euclidean plane geometry)
* Crystallographic restriction theorem (group theory, crystallography)
* Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem (cellular automata)
* Cut-elimination theorem (proof theory)
* Cybenko theorem (neural networks)
* Dandelin's theorem (solid geometry)

* Danskin's theorem (convex analysis)
* Darboux's theorem (real analysis)
* Darboux's theorem (symplectic topology)
* Davenport–Schmidt theorem (number theory, Diophantine approximations)
* Dawson–Gärtner theorem (asymptotic analysis)
* De Branges' theorem (complex analysis)
* de Bruijn's theorem (discrete geometry)
* De Bruijn–Erdos theorem (incidence geometry)
* De Bruijn–Erdos theorem (graph theory)
* De Finetti's theorem (probability)
* De Franchis theorem (Riemann surfaces)
* De Gua's theorem (geometry)
* De Moivre's theorem (complex analysis)
* De Rham's theorem (differential topology)
* Deduction theorem (logic)
* Denjoy theorem (dynamical systems)
* Denjoy–Carleman theorem (functional analysis)
* Desargues' theorem (projective geometry)
* Descartes' theorem (plane geometry)
* Descartes' theorem on total angular defect (polyhedra)
* Dilworth's theorem (combinatorics, order theory)
* Dimension theorem for vector spaces (vector spaces, linear algebra)
* Dini's theorem (analysis)
* Dirac's theorems (graph theory)
* Dirichlet's approximation theorem (Diophantine approximations)
* Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions (number theory)
* Dirichlet's unit theorem (algebraic number theory)
* Disintegration theorem (measure theory)
* Divergence theorem (vector calculus)
* Dominated convergence theorem (Lebesgue integration)
* Donaldson's theorem (differential topology)
* Donsker's theorem (probability theory)
* Doob decomposition theorem (stochastic processes)
* Doob's martingale convergence theorems (stochastic processes)
* Doob–Meyer decomposition theorem (stochastic processes)
* Dudley's theorem (probability)
* Duggan–Schwartz theorem (voting theory)
* Dunford–Pettis theorem (probability theory)
* Dunford-Schwartz theorem (functional analysis)
* Earnshaw's theorem (electrostatics)

* Easton's theorem (set theory)
* Eberlein–Šmulian theorem (functional analysis)
* Edge-of-the-wedge theorem (complex analysis)
* Edgeworth's limit theorem (economics)
* Egorov's theorem (measure theory)
* Ehresmann's theorem (differential topology)
* Eilenberg–Zilber theorem (algebraic topology)
* Elitzur's theorem (physics)
* Envelope theorem (calculus of variations)
* Equal incircles theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Equidistribution theorem (ergodic theory)
* Equipartition theorem (ergodic theory)
* Erdos–Anning theorem (discrete geometry)
* Erdos–Dushnik–Miller theorem (set theory)
* Erdos–Gallai theorem (graph theory)
* Erdos–Ginzburg–Ziv theorem (number theory)
* Erdos–Kac theorem (number theory)
* Erdos–Ko–Rado theorem (combinatorics)
* Erdos–Nagy theorem (discrete geometry)
* Erdos–Pósa theorem (graph theory)
* Erdos–Rado theorem (set theory)
* Erdos–Stone theorem (graph theory)
* Euclid's theorem (number theory)
* Euclid–Euler theorem (number theory)
* Euler's polyhedron theorem (polyhedra)
* Euler's rotation theorem (geometry)
* Euler's theorem (differential geometry)
* Euler's theorem (number theory)
* Euler's theorem in geometry (triangle geometry)
* Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions (multivariate calculus)
* Exchange theorem (linear algebra)
* Excision theorem (homology theory)
* Exterior angle theorem (triangle geometry)
* Extreme value theorem
* F. and M. Riesz theorem (measure theory)

* FWL theorem (economics)
* Faltings' theorem (diophantine geometry)
* Fáry's theorem (graph theory)
* Fary–Milnor theorem (knot theory)
* Fatou's theorem (complex analysis)
* Fatou–Lebesgue theorem (real analysis)
* Faustman–Ohlin theorem (economics)
* Feit–Thompson theorem (finite groups)
* Fenchel's duality theorem (convex analysis)
* Fenchel's theorem (differential geometry)
* Fermat's Last Theorem (number theory)
* Fermat's little theorem (number theory)
* Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares (number theory)
* Fermat's theorem (stationary points) (real analysis)
* Fermat polygonal number theorem (number theory)
* Fernique's theorem (measure theory)
* Fieller's theorem (statistics)
* Final value theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Fisher separation theorem (economics)
* Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem (statistics)
* Fitting's theorem (group theory)
* Five circles theorem (circles)
* Five color theorem (graph theory)
* Fixed point theorems in infinite-dimensional spaces
* Floquet's theorem (differential equations)
* Fluctuation dissipation theorem (physics)
* Fluctuation theorem (statistical mechanics)
* Ford's theorem (number theory)
* Focal subgroup theorem (abstract algebra)
* Foster's theorem (statistics)
* Four color theorem (graph theory)
* Four-vertex theorem (differential geometry)
* Fourier inversion theorem (harmonic analysis)
* Fourier theorem (harmonic analysis)
* Franel–Landau theorem (number theory)
* Franková–Helly selection theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Fredholm's theorem (Linear algebra)
* Freidlin–Wentzell theorem (stochastic processes)
* Freiman's theorem (number theory)
* Freudenthal suspension theorem (homotopy theory)
* Freyd's adjoint functor theorem (category theory)
* Frobenius determinant theorem (group theory)
* Frobenius reciprocity theorem (group representations)
* Frobenius theorem (foliations)
* Frobenius theorem (abstract algebras)
* Froda's theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Frucht's theorem (graph theory)
* Fubini's theorem (integration)
* Fubini's theorem on differentiation (real analysis)
* Fuchs's theorem (differential equations)
* Fuglede's theorem (functional analysis)
* Full employment theorem (theoretical computer science)
* Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Fundamental theorem of algebra (complex analysis)
* Fundamental theorem of arbitrage-free pricing (financial mathematics)
* Fundamental theorem of arithmetic (number theory)
* Fundamental theorem of calculus (calculus)
* Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms (abstract algebra)
* Galvin's theorem (combinatorics)

* Gauss theorem (vector calculus)
* Gauss's Theorema Egregium (differential geometry)
* Gauss–Bonnet theorem (differential geometry)
* Gauss–Lucas theorem (complex analysis)
* Gauss–Markov theorem (statistics)
* Gauss–Wantzel theorem (geometry)
* Gelfand–Mazur theorem (Banach algebra)
* Gelfand–Naimark theorem (functional analysis)
* Gelfond–Schneider theorem (transcendence theory)
* Gershgorin circle theorem (matrix theory)
* Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem (voting methods)
* Girsanov's theorem (stochastic processes)
* Glaisher's theorem (number theory)
* Gleason's theorem (Hilbert space)
* Glivenko's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Glivenko–Cantelli theorem (probability)
* Goddard–Thorn theorem (vertex algebras)
* Gödel's completeness theorem (mathematical logic)
* Gödel's incompleteness theorem (mathematical logic)
* Godunov's theorem (numerical analysis)
* Going-up and going-down theorems (commutative algebra)
* Goldberg–Sachs theorem (physics)
* Goldie's theorem (ring theory)
* Goldstine theorem (functional analysis)
* Goldstone theorem (physics)
* Golod–Shafarevich theorem (group theory)
* Gomory's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Goodstein's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Gordon–Newell theorem (queueing theory)
* Gottesman–Knill theorem (quantum computation)
* Gradient theorem (vector calculus)
* Graph structure theorem (graph theory)
* Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Great orthogonality theorem (group theory)
* Green–Tao theorem (number theory)
* Green's theorem (vector calculus)
* Grinberg's theorem (graph theory)
* Gromov's compactness theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Gromov's compactness theorem (Symplectic topology)
* Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth (geometric group theory)
* Gromov–Ruh theorem (differential geometry)
* Gross–Zagier theorem (number theory)
* Grothendieck–Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Grothendieck's connectedness theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Grötzsch's theorem (graph theory)
* Grunwald–Wang theorem (algebraic number theory)
* Grushko theorem (group theory)
* H-cobordism theorem (differential topology)

* H-theorem (thermodynamics)
* Haag's theorem (quantum field theory)
* Haag–Lopuszanski–Sohnius theorem (physics)
* Haboush's theorem (algebraic groups, representation theory, invariant theory)
* Hadamard three-circle theorem (complex analysis)
* Hadamard three-lines theorem (complex analysis)
* Hadwiger's theorem (geometry, measure theory)
* Hahn decomposition theorem (measure theory)
* Hahn embedding theorem (ordered groups)
* Hairy ball theorem (algebraic topology)
* Hahn–Banach theorem (functional analysis)
* Hahn–Kolmogorov theorem (measure theory)
* Hahn–Mazurkiewicz theorem (continuum theory)
* Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem (graph theory)
* Hales–Jewett theorem (combinatorics)
* Halpern–Lauchli theorem (Ramsey theory)
* Ham sandwich theorem (topology)
* Hammersley–Clifford theorem (probability)
* Hardy's theorem (complex analysis)
* Hardy–Littlewood maximal theorem (real analysis)
* Hardy–Littlewood tauberian theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Hardy–Ramanujan theorem (number theory)
* Harish-Chandra theorem (representation theory)
* Harish-Chandra's regularity theorem (representation theory)
* Harnack's curve theorem (real algebraic geometry)
* Harnack's theorem (complex analysis)
* Hartman-Grobman theorem (dynamical systems)
* Hartogs–Rosenthal theorem (complex analysis)
* Hartogs' theorem (complex analysis)
* Hartogs' extension theorem (several complex variables)
* Hasse norm theorem (number theory)
* Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves (number theory)
* Hasse–Arf theorem (local class field theory)
* Hasse–Minkowski theorem (number theory)
* Heckscher-Ohlin theorem (economics)
* Heine-Borel theorem (real analysis)
* Heine–Cantor theorem (metric geometry)
* Hellinger–Toeplitz theorem (functional analysis)
* Hellmann–Feynman theorem (physics)
* Helly–Bray theorem (probability theory)
* Helly's selection theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Helly's theorem (convex sets)
* Helmholtz theorem (classical mechanics) (physics)
* Helmholtz's theorems (physics)
* Herbrand's theorem (logic)
* Herbrand–Ribet theorem (cyclotomic fields)
* Higman's embedding theorem (group theory)
* Hilbert's basis theorem (commutative algebra,invariant theory)
* Hilbert's Nullstellensatz (theorem of zeroes) (commutative algebra, algebraic geometry)
* Hilbert-Schmidt theorem (functional analysis)
* Hilbert-Speiser theorem (cyclotomic fields)
* Hilbert–Waring theorem (number theory)
* Hilbert's irreducibility theorem (number theory)
* Hilbert's syzygy theorem (commutative algebra)
* Hilbert's theorem (differential geometry)
* Hilbert's theorem 90 (number theory)
* Hilbert projection theorem (convex analysis)
* Hille–Yosida theorem (functional analysis)
* Hindman's theorem (Ramsey theory)
* Hinge theorem (geometry)
* Hironaka theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Hirzebruch signature theorem (topology, algebraic geometry)
* Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem (complex manifolds)
* Hjelmslev's theorem (geometry)
* Hobby–Rice theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Hodge index theorem (algebraic surfaces)
* Hölder's theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Holditch's theorem (plane geometry)
* Holland's schema theorem (genetic algorithm)
* Holmström's theorem (economics)
* Hopf-Rinow theorem (differential geometry)
* Hurewicz theorem (algebraic topology)
* Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem (algebraic curves)
* Hurwitz's theorem (complex analysis)
* Hurwitz's theorem (normed division algebras)
* Hurwitz's theorem (number theory)
* Identity theorem (complex analysis)

* Identity theorem for Riemann surfaces (Riemann surfaces)
* Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem (Computational complexity theory)
* Implicit function theorem (vector calculus)
* Increment theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Infinite monkey theorem (probability)
* Integral root theorem (algebra, polynomials)
* Initial value theorem (integral transform)
* Integral representation theorem for classical Wiener space (measure theory)
* Intermediate value theorem (calculus)
* Intercept theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Intersection theorem (projective geometry)
* Inverse eigenvalues theorem (Linear algebra)
* Inverse function theorem (vector calculus)
* Isomorphism extension theorem (abstract algebra)
* Isomorphism theorem (abstract algebra)
* Isoperimetric theorem (curves, calculus of variations)
J
* Jackson's theorem (queueing theory)
* Jacobi's four-square theorem (number theory)
* Jacobson density theorem (ring theory)
* Jacobson–Morozov theorem (Lie algebra)
* Japanese theorem for concyclic polygons (Euclidean geometry)
* Japanese theorem for concyclic quadrilaterals (Euclidean geometry)
* John’s theorem (geometry)
* Jordan curve theorem (topology)
* Jordan–Hölder theorem (group theory)
* Jordan–Schönflies theorem (geometric topology)
* Jordan–Schur theorem (group theory)
* Jordan's theorem (multiply transitive groups) (group theory)
* Jung's theorem (geometry)
* Jurkat–Richert theorem (analytic number theory)
* Kachurovskii's theorem (convex analysis)

* Kanamori–McAloon theorem (mathematical logic)
* Kantorovich theorem (functional analysis)
* Kaplansky density theorem (von Neumann algebra)
* Kaplansky's theorem on quadratic forms (quadratic forms)
* Karhunen–Loève theorem (stochastic processes)
* Karp–Lipton theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Kawasaki's theorem (paper folding)
* Kelvin's circulation theorem (physics)
* Kharitonov's theorem (control theory)
* Khinchin's theorem[disambiguation needed ] (probability)
* Kirby–Paris theorem (proof theory)
* Kirchhoff's theorem (graph theory)
* Kirszbraun theorem (Lipschitz continuity)
* Kleene's recursion theorem (recursion theory)
* Kleene fixed-point theorem (order theory)
* Knaster–Tarski theorem (order theory)
* Kneser theorem (differential equations)
* Kochen–Specker theorem (physics)
* Kodaira embedding theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Kodaira vanishing theorem (complex manifold)
* Koebe 1/4 theorem (complex analysis)
* Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem (dynamical systems)
* Kolmogorov extension theorem (stochastic processes)
* Kolmogorov's three-series theorem (mathematical series)
* Komura's theorem (measure theory)
* König's theorem (mathematical logic)
* König's theorem (graph theory) (bipartite graphs)
* König's theorem (kinetics) (physics)
* König's theorem (set theory) (cardinal numbers)
* Kövari–Sós–Turán theorem (graph theory)
* Kraft–McMillan theorem (coding theory)
* Kramers theorem (physics)
* Krein–Milman theorem (mathematical analysis, discrete geometry)
* Krener's theorem (control theory)
* Kronecker's theorem (diophantine approximation)
* Kronecker–Weber theorem (number theory)
* Krull's principal ideal theorem (commutative algebra)
* Krull–Schmidt theorem (group theory)
* Kruskal–Katona theorem (combinatorics)
* Kruskal's tree theorem (order theory)
* Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem (dynamical systems)
* Kuiper's theorem (operator theory, topology)
* Künneth theorem (algebraic topology)
* Kurosh subgroup theorem (group theory)
* Kutta–Joukowski theorem (physics)
* L-balance theorem (finite groups)

* Labelled enumeration theorem (combinatorics)
* Ladner's theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Lagrange's theorem (group theory)
* Lagrange's theorem (number theory)
* Lagrange's four-square theorem (number theory)
* Lagrange inversion theorem (mathematical analysis, combinatorics)
* Lagrange reversion theorem (mathematical analysis, combinatorics)
* Lambek–Moser theorem (combinatorics)
* Lami's theorem (statics)
* Landau prime ideal theorem (number theory)
* Larmor's theorem (physics)
* Lasker–Noether theorem (commutative algebra)
* Lattice theorem (abstract algebra)
* Laurent expansion theorem (complex analysis)
* Lauricella's theorem (functional analysis)
* Lax–Milgram theorem (partial differential equations)
* Lax–Richtmyer theorem (numerical analysis)
* Lax–Wendroff theorem (numerical analysis)
* Lebesgue covering dimension (dimension theory)
* Lebesgue's decomposition theorem (dimension theory)
* Lebesgue's density theorem (dimension theory)
* Lee Hwa Chung theorem (symplectic topology)
* Lebesgue differentiation theorem (real analysis)
* Le Cam's theorem (probability theory)
* Lee–Yang theorem (statistical mechanics)
* Lefschetz fixed-point theorem (fixed points, algebraic topology)
* Lefschetz–Hopf theorem (topology)
* Lefschetz hyperplane theorem (algebraic topology)
* Lefschetz theorem on (1,1)-classes (algebraic geometry)
* Lehmann–Scheffé theorem (statistics)
* Leray's theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Leray–Hirsch theorem (algebraic topology)
* Lerner symmetry theorem (economics)
* Lester's theorem (Euclidean plane geometry)
* Levi's theorem (Lie groups)
* Levitzky's theorem (ring theory)
* Lévy continuity theorem (probability)
* Lévy's modulus of continuity theorem (probability)
* Lickorish twist theorem (geometric topology)
* Lickorish–Wallace theorem (3-manifolds)
* Lie's third theorem (Lie algebra)
* Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem (transcendence theory)
* Lie–Kolchin theorem (algebraic groups, representation theory)
* Liénard's theorem (dynamical systems)
* Lindelöf's theorem (complex analysis)
* Lindström's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Linear congruence theorem (number theory, modular arithmetic)
* Linear speedup theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Linnik's theorem (number theory)
* Lions–Lax–Milgram theorem (partial differential equations)
* Liouville's theorem (complex analysis) (entire functions)
* Liouville's theorem (conformal mappings) (conformal mappings)
* Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian) (Hamiltonian mechanics)
* Löb's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Lochs' theorem (number theory)
* Looman–Menchoff theorem (complex analysis)
* Los' theorem (model theory)
* Löwenheim–Skolem theorem (mathematical logic)
* Lucas' theorem (number theory)
* Lukacs's proportion-sum independence theorem (probability)
* Lumer–Phillips theorem (semigroup theory)
* Luzin's theorem (real analysis)
* Lyapunov–Malkin theorem (stability theory)
* Lyapunov's central limit theorem (probability theory)
* M. Riesz extension theorem (functional analysis)

* MacMahon Master theorem (enumerative combinatorics)
* Mahler's compactness theorem (geometry of numbers)
* Mahler's theorem (p-adic analysis)
* Maier's theorem (analytic number theory)
* Malgrange preparation theorem (singularity theory)
* Malgrange–Ehrenpreis theorem (differential equations)
* Mann's theorem (number theory)
* Marcinkiewicz theorem (functional analysis)
* Marden's theorem (polynomials)
* Mergelyan's theorem (complex analysis)
* Marginal value theorem (biology)
* Markus-Yamabe theorem (2D stability theory)
* Marriage theorem (combinatorics)
* Martingale representation theorem (probability theory)
* Mason–Stothers theorem (polynomials)
* Master theorem (recurrence relations, asymptotic analysis)
* Maschke's theorem (group representations)
* Matiyasevich's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Max flow min cut theorem (graph theory)
* Max Noether's theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Maximal ergodic theorem (ergodic theory)
* Maximum power theorem (electrical circuits)
* Maxwell's theorem (probability theory)
* May's theorem (game theory)
* Mazur–Ulam theorem (normed spaces)
* Mazur's torsion theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Mean value theorem (calculus)
* Measurable Riemann mapping theorem (conformal mapping)
* Median theorem (triangle geometry)
* Mellin inversion theorem (complex analysis)
* Menelaus' theorem (geometry)
* Menger's theorem (graph theory)
* Mercer's theorem (functional analysis)
* Mermin–Wagner theorem (physics)
* Mertens' theorems (number theory)
* Metrization theorems (topological spaces)
* Meusnier's theorem (differential geometry)
* Midy's theorem (number theory)
* Mihailescu's theorem (number theory)
* Milliken–Taylor theorem (Ramsey theory)
* Milliken's tree theorem (Ramsey theory)
* Milman–Pettis theorem (Banach space)
* Min-max theorem (functional analysis)
* Minimax theorem (game theory)
* Minkowski's theorem (geometry of numbers)
* Minkowski-Hlawka theorem (geometry of numbers)
* Minlos' theorem (functional analysis)
* Miquel's theorem (circles)
* Mirsky–Newman theorem (group theory)
* Mitchell's embedding theorem (category theory)
* Mittag-Leffler's theorem (complex analysis)
* Modigliani-Miller theorem (finance theory)
* Modularity theorem (number theory)
* Mohr–Mascheroni theorem (geometry)
* Monge's theorem (geometry)
* Monodromy theorem (complex analysis)
* Monotone class theorem (measure theory)
* Monotone convergence theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Montel's theorem (complex analysis)
* Moore-Aronszajn theorem (Hilbert space)
* Mordell–Weil theorem (number theory)
* Moreau's theorem (convex analysis)
* Morera's theorem (complex analysis)
* Morley's categoricity theorem (model theory)
* Morley's trisector theorem (geometry)
* Morton's theorem (game theory)
* Mostow rigidity theorem (differential geometry)
* Mountain pass theorem (calculus of variations)
* Moving equilibrium theorem (economics)
* Multinomial theorem (algebra, combinatorics)
* Multiplication theorem (special functions)
* Multiplicity-one theorem (group representations)
* Mumford vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Müntz–Szász theorem (functional analysis)
* Mycielski's theorem (graph theory)
* Myers theorem (differential geometry)
* Myhill–Nerode theorem (formal languages)
* Nachbin's theorem(complex analysis)

* Nagata–Smirnov metrization theorem(general topology)
* Nagell–Lutz theorem (elliptic curves)
* Napoleon's theorem (triangle geometry)
* Nash embedding theorem (differential geometry)
* Nash–Moser theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Newlander–Niremberg theorem (differential geometry)
* Newton's theorem about ovals (curves)
* Nicomachus's theorem (number theory)
* Nielsen fixed-point theorem (fixed points)
* Nielsen realization problem (geometric topology)
* Nielsen–Schreier theorem (free groups)
* No cloning theorem (quantum computation)
* No free lunch theorem (philosophy of mathematics)
* No hair theorem (physics)
* No wandering domain theorem (ergodic theory)
* No-broadcast theorem (physics)
* No-communication theorem (physics)
* Noether's theorem (Lie groups, calculus of variations, differential invariants, physics)
* Noether's second theorem (calculus of variations, physics)
* Noether's theorem on rationality for surfaces (algebraic surfaces)
* No-ghost theorem (vertex algebras)
* No-trade theorem (economics)
* Non-squeezing theorem (symplectic geometry)
* Norton's theorem (electrical networks)
* Novikov's compact leaf theorem (foliations)
* Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem (information theory)
* Odd number theorem (physics)

* Open mapping theorem (complex analysis)
* Open mapping theorem (functional analysis)
* Optical equivalence theorem (quantum optics) (quantum physics)
* Optional stopping theorem (probability theory)
* Orbit theorem (control theory)
* Orbit-stabilizer theorem (group theory)
* Ore's theorem (graph theory)
* Ornstein theorem (ergodic theory)
* Ortsbogen theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Oseledec theorem (ergodic theory)
* Osterwalder-Schrader theorem (physics)
* Ostrowski's theorem (number theory)
* Ostrowski–Hadamard gap theorem (complex analysis)
* PCP theorem (computational complexity theory)

* Paley's theorem (algebra)
* Paley–Wiener theorem (Fourier transforms)
* Pandya theorem (nuclear physics)
* Pappus's centroid theorem (geometry)
* Pappus's hexagon theorem (geometry)
* Paris–Harrington theorem (mathematical logic)
* Parovicenko's theorem (topology)
* Parallel axis theorem (physics)
* Parseval's theorem (Fourier analysis)
* Parthasarathy's theorem (game theory)
* Pascal's theorem (conics)
* Pasch's theorem (order theory)
* Peano existence theorem (ordinary differential equations)
* Peetre theorem (functional analysis)
* Peixoto's theorem (dynamical systems)
* Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems (physics)
* Pentagonal number theorem (number theory)
* Perfect graph theorem (graph theory)
* Perlis theorem (graph theory)
* Perpendicular axis theorem (physics)
* Perron–Frobenius theorem (matrix theory)
* Peter–Weyl theorem (representation theory)
* Phragmen–Lindelöf theorem (complex analysis)
* Picard theorem (complex analysis)
* Picard–Lindelöf theorem (ordinary differential equations)
* Pick's theorem (geometry)
* Pickands–Balkema–de Haan theorem (extreme value theory)
* Pitman–Koopman–Darmois theorem (statistics)
* Pitot theorem (plane geometry)
* Pivot theorem (circles)
* Planar separator theorem (graph theory)
* Plancherel theorem (Fourier analysis)
* Plancherel theorem for spherical functions (representation theory)
* Poincaré–Bendixson theorem (dynamical systems)
* Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem (universal enveloping algebras)
* Poincaré–Hopf theorem (differential topology)
* Poincaré duality theorem (algebraic topology of manifolds)
* Poincaré recurrence theorem (dynamical systems)
* Poisson limit theorem (probability)
* Pólya enumeration theorem (combinatorics)
* Pompeiu's theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Poncelet–Steiner theorem (geometry)
* Positive energy theorem (physics)
* Post's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Poynting's theorem (physics)
* Preimage theorem (differential topology)
* Price's theorem (physics)
* Prime number theorem (number theory)
* Primitive element theorem (field theory)
* Principal axis theorem (linear algebra)
* Principal ideal theorem (algebraic number theory)
* Prokhorov's theorem (measure theory)
* Proth's theorem (number theory)
* Pseudorandom generator theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Ptolemaios' theorem (geometry)
* Pythagorean theorem (geometry)
* Quillen–Suslin theorem (abstract algebra)

* Quadratic reciprocity theorem
* Quantum threshold theorem (computer science) (theoretical computer science)
* Quotient of subspace theorem (functional analysis)
* Rademacher's theorem (mathematical analysis)

* Rado's theorem (harmonic analysis)
* Radon's theorem (convex sets)
* Radon–Nikodym theorem (measure theory)
* Ramanujam vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Ramanujan–Skolem's theorem (diophantine equations)
* Ramsey's theorem (graph theory, combinatorics)
* Rank-nullity theorem (linear algebra)
* Rao–Blackwell theorem (statistics)
* Rashevsky–Chow theorem (control theory)
* Rational root theorem (algebra, polynomials)
* Rationality theorem (politics)
* Ratner's theorems (ergodic theory)
* Rauch comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Rédei's theorem (group theory)
* Reeb sphere theorem (foliations)
* Reeh–Schlieder theorem (local quantum field theory)
* Reflection theorem (algebraic number theory)
* Regev's theorem (ring theory)
* Reidemeister–Singer Theorem (geometric topology)
* Reider's theorem (algebraic surfaces)
* Residue theorem (complex analysis)
* Reynolds transport theorem (fluid dynamics)
* Ribet's theorem (elliptic curves)
* Rice's theorem (recursion theory, computer science)
* Rice–Shapiro theorem (computer science)
* Richardson's theorem (mathematical logic)
* Riemann mapping theorem (complex analysis)
* Riemann series theorem (mathematical series)
* Riemann's existence theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Riemann's theorem on removable singularities (complex analysis)
* Riemann–Roch theorem (Riemann surfaces, algebraic curves)
* Riemann–Roch theorem for smooth manifolds (differential topology)
* Riemann–Roch theorem for surfaces (algebraic surfaces)
* Riemann singularity theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Riesz representation theorem (functional analysis, Hilbert space)
* Riesz–Fischer theorem (real analysis)
* Riesz–Thorin theorem (functional analysis)
* Ringel–Youngs theorem (graph theory)
* Robbins theorem (graph theory)
* Robertson–Seymour theorem (graph theory)
* Robin's theorem (number theory)
* Robinson's joint consistency theorem (mathematical logic)
* Rokhlin's theorem (geometric topology)
* Rolle's theorem (calculus)
* Rosser's theorem (number theory)
* Rouché's theorem (complex analysis)
* Rouché–Capelli theorem (Linear algebra)
* Routh's theorem (triangle geometry)
* Routh–Hurwitz theorem (polynomials)
* Runge's theorem (complex analysis)
* Rybczynski theorem (economics)
* Ryll-Nardzewski fixed point theorem (functional analysis)
* S–cobordism theorem (differential topology)

* Saccheri–Legendre theorem (absolute geometry)
* Sahlqvist correspondence theorem (modal logic)
* Saint-Venant's theorem (physics)
* Sard's theorem (differential geometry)
* Sarkovskii's theorem (dynamical systems)
* Savitch's theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Sazonov's theorem (functional analysis)
* Schaefer's dichotomy theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Schauder fixed point theorem (functional analysis)
* Schilder's theorem (stochastic processes)
* Schnyder's theorem (graph theory)
* Schreier refinement theorem (group theory)
* Schröder–Bernstein theorems for operator algebras (operator algebras)
* Schroeder–Bernstein theorem for measurable spaces (measure theory)
* Schur's lemma (representation theory)
* Schur's theorem (Ramsey theory)
* Schur–Zassenhaus theorem (group theory)
* Schwartz kernel theorem (generalized functions)
* Schwartz–Zippel theorem (polynomials)
* Schwarz–Ahlfors–Pick theorem (differential geometry)
* Schwenk's theorem (graph theory)
* Scott core theorem (3-manifolds)
* Seifert–van Kampen theorem (algebraic topology)
* Separating axis theorem (convex geometry)
* Shannon–Hartley theorem (information theory)
* Shannon's expansion theorem (Boolean algebra)
* Shannon's source coding theorem (information theory)
* Shell theorem (physics)
* Shirshov–Witt theorem (Lie algebra)
* Shannon's theorem (information theory)
* Shift theorem (differential operators)
* Siegel–Walfisz theorem (analytic number theory)
* Silverman–Toeplitz theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Simplicial approximation theorem (algebraic topology)
* Sinkhorn's theorem (matrix theory)
* Sion's minimax theorem (game theory)
* Sipser–Lautemann theorem (probabilistic complexity theory) (structural complexity theory)
* Six circles theorem (circles)
* Six exponentials theorem (transcendence theory)
* Sklar's theorem (statistics)
* Skoda–El Mir theorem (complex geometry)
* Skolem–Mahler–Lech theorem (number theory)
* Skolem–Noether theorem (simple algebras)
* Skorokhod's embedding theorem (statistics)
* Skorokhod's representation theorem (statistics)
* Sleszynski–Pringsheim theorem (continued fraction)
* Slutsky's theorem (probability theory)
* Smn theorem (recursion theory, computer science)
* Sobolev embedding theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Sokhatsky–Weierstrass theorem (complex analysis)
* Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu Theorem (economics)
* Sophie Germain's theorem (number theory)
* Soul theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Soundness theorem (mathematical logic)
* Space hierarchy theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Specht's theorem (matrix theory)
* Spectral theorem (functional analysis)
* Speedup theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Sperner's theorem (combinatorics)
* Sphere theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Spin-statistics theorem (physics)
* Sprague–Grundy theorem (combinatorial game theory)
* Squeeze theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Stallings theorem about ends of groups (group theory)
* Stallings–Zeeman theorem (algebraic topology)
* Stanley's reciprocity theorem (combinatorics)
* Star of David theorem (combinatorics)
* Stark–Heegner theorem (number theory)
* Stein–Strömberg theorem (measure theory)
* Steiner–Lehmus theorem (triangle geometry)
* Steinhaus theorem (measure theory)
* Steinitz theorem (graph theory)
* Stewart's theorem (plane geometry)
* Stinespring factorization theorem (operator theory)
* Stirling's theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Stokes' theorem (vector calculus, differential topology)
* Stolper–Samuelson theorem (economics)
* Stolz–Cesàro theorem (calculus)
* Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras (mathematical logic)
* Stone's theorem on one-parameter unitary groups (functional analysis)
* Stone–Tukey theorem (topology)
* Stone–von Neumann theorem (functional analysis, representation theory of the Heisenberg group,
quantum mechanics)
* Stone–Weierstrass theorem (functional analysis)
* Strassman's theorem (field theory)
* Structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain (abstract algebra)
* Structure theorem for Gaussian measures (measure theory)
* Structured program theorem (computer science)
* Sturm's theorem (theory of equations)
* Sturm–Picone comparison theorem (differential equations)
* Subspace theorem (Diophantine approximation)
* Supporting hyperplane theorem (convex geometry)
* Swan's theorem (module theory)
* Sylow theorems (group theory)
* Sylvester's determinant theorem (determinants)
* Sylvester's theorem (number theory)
* Sylvester's law of inertia (quadratic forms)
* Sylvester–Gallai theorem (plane geometry)
* Symmetric hypergraph theorem (graph theory)
* Symphonic theorem (triangle geometry)
* Synge's theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Sz.-Nagy's dilation theorem (operator theory)
* Szego limit theorems (mathematical analysis)
* Szemerédi's theorem (combinatorics)
* Szemerédi–Trotter theorem (combinatorics)
* Szpilrajn extension theorem (axiom of choice)
* Takagi existence theorem (number theory)

* Takens' theorem (dynamical systems)
* Tameness theorem (3-manifolds)
* Tarski's indefinability theorem (mathematical logic)
* Taylor's theorem (calculus)
* Taylor–Proudman theorem (physics)
* Tennenbaum's theorem (model theory)
* Thabit ibn Qurra's theorem (amicable numbers)
* Thales' theorem (geometry)
* The duality theorem (topology)
* Thébault's theorem (geometry)
* Theorem of de Moivre–Laplace (probability theory)
* Theorem of the cube (algebraic varieties)
* Theorem of three moments (physics)
* Theorem on friends and strangers (Ramsey theory)
* Thévenin's theorem (electrical circuits)
* Thue's theorem (Diophantine equation)
* Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem (diophantine approximation)
* Tietze extension theorem (general topology)
* Tijdeman's theorem (diophantine equations)
* Tikhonov fixed point theorem (functional analysis)
* Time hierarchy theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Titchmarsh theorem (integral transform)
* Titchmarsh convolution theorem (complex analysis)
* Tits alternative (geometric group theory)
* Toda's theorem (computational complexity theory)
* Tomita's theorem (operator algebras)
* Tonelli's theorem (functional analysis)
* Topkis's theorem (economics)
* Toponogov's theorem (Riemannian geometry)
* Torelli theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Trichotomy theorem (finite groups)
* Trudinger's theorem (functional analysis)
* Tsen's theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Tunnell's theorem (number theory)
* Tutte theorem (graph theory)
* Turán's theorem (graph theory)
* Turán–Kubilius theorem (number theory)
* Tychonoff's theorem (general topology)
* Ugly duckling theorem (computer science)

* Uniformization theorem (complex analysis, differential geometry)
* Universal approximation theorem (neural networks)
* Universal coefficient theorem (algebraic topology)
* Unmixedness theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Valiant–Vazirani theorem (computational complexity theory)

* Van Aubel's theorem (quadrilaterals)
* Van der Waerden's theorem (combinatorics)
* Van Vleck's theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Vantieghems theorem (number theory)
* Varignon's theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem (algebraic topology)
* Vinogradov's theorem (number theory)
* Virial theorem (classical mechanics)
* Vitali convergence theorem (measure theory)
* Vitali covering theorem (measure theory)
* Vitali theorem (measure theory)
* Vitali–Hahn–Saks theorem (measure theory)
* Viviani's theorem (Euclidean geometry)
* Von Neumann bicommutant theorem (functional analysis)
* Von Neumann's theorem (operator theory)
* Von Staudt–Clausen theorem (number theory)
* Wagner's theorem (graph theory)

* Waldhausen's theorem (geometric topology)
* Walter theorem (finite groups)
* Weber's theorem (algebraic curves)
* Wedderburn's little theorem (ring theory)
* Wedderburn's theorem (abstract algebra)
* Weierstrass–Casorati theorem (complex analysis)
* Weierstrass factorization theorem (complex analysis)
* Weierstrass preparation theorem (several complex variables,commutative algebra)
* Weinberg–Witten theorem (quantum field theory)
* Well-ordering theorem (mathematical logic)
* Whitehead theorem (homotopy theory)
* Whitney embedding theorem (differential manifolds)
* Whitney extension theorem (mathematical analysis)
* Whitney immersion theorem (differential topology)
* Whitney–Graustein Theorem (algebraic topology)
* Wick's theorem (physics)
* Wiener's tauberian theorem (real analysis)
* Wiener–Ikehara theorem (number theory)
* Wigner–Eckart theorem (Clebsch–Gordan coefficients)
* Wilkie's theorem (model theory)
* Wilson's theorem (number theory)
* Witt's theorem (quadratic forms)
* Wold's theorem (statistics)
* Wolstenholme's theorem (number theory)
* Z* theorem (finite groups)

* ZJ theorem (finite groups)
* Zahorski theorem (real analysis)
* Zariski's main theorem (algebraic geometry)
* Zeckendorf's theorem (number theory)
* Zeilberger–Bressoud theorem (combinatorics)
* Zsigmondy's theorem (number theory)
LIST OF MUSIC STYLES

* 2-step garage
* 2 tone
* 4-beat
* 4x4 Garage - UK garage also known as Bassline
* 8-bit
[edit] A
Aa-Ak - Al-An - Ap-Ax
* A cappella - any singing performed without instrumental backing
[edit] Aa-Ak
* Acid House - came about in the mid to late 1980s, originally in Detroit and Chicago, came through
Ibiza to Britain.
* Acid Jazz - a combination of jazz,funk,and hip hop
* Acid Rock - a form of psychedelic rock, characterized with long instrumental solos, few (if any)
lyrics and musical improvisation
* Acoustic Music - a music that solely or primarily uses instruments which produce sound through
entirely acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means.
* Adult contemporary music is a broad style of popular music that ranges from lush 1960s vocal
music to predominantly ballad-heavy music with varying degrees of rock influence.
* Afrobeat - a combination of Yoruba music, jazz, highlife, and funk, fused with percussion and vocal
styles, popularized in Africa in the 1970s.
* Afropop - umbrella genre term for African popular music
[edit] Al-An
* Aleatoric music - music the composition of which is partially left to chance

* Alternative country - (also known as alt-country or no depression) reaction against the 1990s
highly-polished Nashville sound
* Alternative dance - music combining elements of dance-pop (or other forms of electronic house or
techno) and alternative rock genres such as indie rock.
* Alternative hip hop - opposite of gangster rap, usually includes metaphorical aware lyrics (also
known as alternative rap or Bohemian hip hop)
* Alternative metal - catch-all term for heavy metal which uses techniques less conventional in
heavy metal
* Alternative rock - broad movement born in the 1980s generally relegated to the underground
music scene and operating outside of the mainstream
* Ambient music - music that can either be listened to intently, or be played in the background and
easily be ignored. oftentimes used for relaxation and meditation.
* Americana- style similar to folk music, but with elements of newer styles such as rock and rhythm
and blues
* Anime music - closely tied to J-pop but often accompanied by soundtrack albums
* Anti-folk - sounds raw or experimental; it also generally mocks the seriousness and pretension of
the established mainstream music scene in addition to mocking itself.
[edit] Ap-Ax
* Apala
* Arabesque - A versatile collection of music fusing eastern folk music, Arab classical music and
various other genres
* Arabic pop - a subgenre of Arabic music fusing pop elements
* Argentine rock
* Ars antiqua - music of Europe of the late Middle Ages between approximately 1170 and 1310
* Ars nova - music of the Late Middle Ages, centered in France, which encompassed the period
roughly from 1310 to 1314
* Art rock - rock music that tends to have "experimental or avant-garde influences" and emphasizes
"novel sonic texture.
* Ashiq - Armenian bards who sing and accompany themselves on a saz (a kind of lute)
* Australian country music (see also Country music)
* Australian pub rock
* Australian hip hop
* Avant-garde jazz - sounds very similar to free jazz, but differs in that, despite its distinct departure
from traditional harmony, it has a predetermined structure over which improvisation may take place.
* Avant-garde metal - a subgenre of heavy metal music characterised by the use of innovative,
avant-garde elements, large-scale experimentation, and the use of non-standard sounds, instruments,
and song structures.
* Avant-garde music - used at different times to mean different kinds of music (usually art music)
considered ahead of their time and containing new, unusual, or experimental ideas or elements or
fusing different genres.
* Art punk
* Axé - pop music from Brazil
[edit] B
Bac-Bal - Bam-Bay - Be-Bh - Bi-Bl - Br-Bu

[edit] Bac-Bal
* Bachata - originated in the countryside and the rural neighborhoods of the Dominican Republic. Its
subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness.
* Baggy
* Baião - a Northeast Brazilian rhythmic formula that became the basis of a wide range of music.
* Bakersfield sound - gritty, hard-edged reaction against 1950s pop country (Nashville sound)
* Bakshy - Turkmen folk music made by travelling musicians also called bakshy
* Baila - Sri Lankan dance music derived from African slaves held by the Portuguese
* Baile Funk - Brazilian dance music literally means "ball", as in "dance party", and "funk"
* Baisha xiyue - a song and dance suite from the Naxi of Lijiang, China
* Bajourou - Malian (Mali) pop music usually played at weddings and social gatherings.
* Bakou - trilling vocals that accompany Wolof wrestling
* Bal-musette - a style of French music and dance which arose in 1880s Paris especially the 5th,
11th, and 12th districts.
* Balakadri - a traditional quadrille music that was performed for balls on the Caribbean island of
Guadeloupe.
* Balinese Gamelan - A form of Gamelan native to Bali
* Ballad - generic term for usually slow, romantic, despairing and catastrophic songs
* Ballata - an Italian poetic and musical form, which was in use from the late 13th to the 15th
century.
* Ballet (music)
* Baltimore Club
[edit] Bam-Bay
* Bamboo band - originally from the Solomon Islands, music played by hitting bamboo tubes with
sandals
* Bambuco - the "unofficial music of Colombia". Folk music accompanied by a stylized group dance
in either a 6/8 or 3/4 meter.
* Banda - Mexican brass norteño pop music invented in the 1960s
* Bangsawan - a type of traditional Malay opera. It was known to have developed from a sort of
Indian theatre performance during the 19th century by visiting Indian travellers.
* Bantowbol
* Barbershop music - a style of a cappella, or unaccompanied vocal music characterized by
consonant four-part chords for every melody note in a predominantly homophonic texture
* Barndance
* Baroque music - 17th-18th century European classical music
* Bass music (Miami bass, Booty bass) - electro influenced form of hip hop dance music arising in
Miami, Florida
* Batá-rumba - a form of Rumba music popular mainly in Cuba
* Batcave (club) - original gothic rock music.
* Batucada - a substyle of samba and refers to an African influenced Brazilian percussive style,
usually performed by an ensemble.
* Batuco
[edit] Be-Bh
* Beach music - a regional genre which developed from various musical styles of the forties, fifties
and sixties. These styles ranged from big band swing instrumentals to the more raucous sounds of
blues/jump blues, jazz, doo-wop, boogie, rhythm and blues, reggae, rockabilly and old-time rock and
roll.
* Beat- a fusion of rock and roll, doo wop, skiffle, R&B and soul. Beat groups characteristically had
simple guitar-dominated line-ups, with vocal harmonies and catchy tunes.
* Beatboxing - Music performed by producing percussive and melodic sounds with the mouth alone,
often mimicking instruments, recorded samples and other sounds not typically associated with
vocalization.
* Bebop - 1940s jazz style with complex improvisation and a fast tempo
* Beiguan - Taiwanese instrumental music
* Bel canto - Italian vocal style which arose in the late 16th century and which ended in the mid-19th
century
* Bend-skin - a kind of urban Cameroonian popular music.
* Benga - a genre of Kenyan popular music
* Berlin School of electronic music - a style of electronic music characterized by atmospheric
sounds and the use of sequencers.
* Bhajan - a Hindu religious song
* Bhangra - (BHUNG-ghra)- A genre from India. It originated in Punjab as a form of music and
dance to celebrate a successful harvest.
* Bhangra-wine
* Bhangragga
* Bhangramuffin
[edit] Bi-Bl
* Big band music - large orchestras which play a form of swing music
* Big Beat - 1990s electronic music based on breakbeat with other influences
* Biguine - Guadeloupean folk music
* Blackened death metal - a fusion between death and black metal
* Black metal - highly distorted and swift form of heavy metal
* Bluegrass - American country music mixed with Irish and Scottish influences
* Blue-eyed soul - rhythm and blues or soul music performed by white artists.
* Blues - African-American music from the Mississippi Delta area
* Blues ballad - the sound of the blues using a blues scale and blues style chord progressions with a
bridge using a different bluesy chord progression)
* Blues-rock - a hybrid musical genre combining bluesy improvisations over the 12-bar blues and
extended boogie jams with rock and roll styles.
* Biomusic - a form of experimental music which deals with sounds created or performed by living
things.
* Bitpop - electronic music, where at least part of the music is made using old 8-bit computers,
game consoles and little toy instruments. Popular choices are the Commodore 64, Game Boy, Atari
2600 and Nintendo Entertainment System.
* Bihu-a popular folk music of Assam,India
[edit] Br-Bu
* Brass band - a musical group generally consisting entirely of brass instruments, most often with a
percussion section.
* Brazilian funk
* Brazilian jazz - bossa nova and samba mixed with American jazz
* Breakbeat - a collection of sub-genres of electronic music, usually characterized by the use of a
non-straightened 4/4 drum pattern (as opposed to the steady beat of house or trance). These rhythms
may be characterised by their intensive use of syncopation and polyrhythms.
* Breakbeat hardcore - a derivative of acid house that combines 4-to-the-floor rhythms with
breakbeats, and is associated with UK Rave scene.
* Breakcore - an electronic music style that brings together elements of industrial, jungle, hardcore
techno and IDM into a breakbeat-oriented sound that encourages speed, complexity, impact and
maximum sonic density. It adheres to a loose set of stylistic rules.
* Breton Music - traditional music of Brittany, France, that is played today yet, with pipes, drums and
bombard. It's also known for its original and very ancient songs called "gwerz", or "kan ha diskan".
* Brill Building Pop - named after New York's Brill Building at 1619 Broadway
* Britfunk
* Britpop
* British blues
* British Invasion - rock and roll, beat and pop performers from the United Kingdom who became
popular in the United States from 1964 to 1966.
* Broken beat - an electronic music genre which can be characterized by syncopated rhythm
typically in 4/4 metre, with staggered or punctuated snare beats and/or hand claps.
* Brown-eyed soul - a subgenre of soul music or rhythm and blues created in the United States
mainly by Latinos in Southern California during the 1960s, continuing through to the early 1980s.
* Brukdown - rural Belizean Kriol music
* Brutal Death Metal - extreme form of Death Metal
* Bubblegum dance
* Bubblegum pop - sometimes synonymous with pop music, especially that performed by teen idols;
can also refer to specific styles of South African or Japanese pop
* Bikutsi
* Bulerías
* Bumba-meu-boi
* Bunraku - Japanese style originated from a kind of puppet–theater.
* Burger-highlife
* Burgundian School...
* Byzantine Chant...
[edit] C
Ca - Cc-Ce - Ch - Ci-Cl - Co - Cr-Cu

[edit] Cad-Cam
* Ca din tulnic
* Ca trù - (hat a dao) Vietnamese folk music
* Cabaret
* Cadence
* Cadence-lypso - guitar-dominated Cadence music combined with calypso horns
* Cadence rampa
* Café-aman
* Cai luong - Vietnamese opera
* Cajun music
* Cakewalk
* Calenda - Trinidadian drum dance
* Calgia - traditional urban ensemble music from Macedonia
* Calipso - Venezuelan calypso music
* Calypso - Trinidadian folk, and later pop, genre
* Calypso-style baila - Sri Lankan baila mixed with calypso influences
* Campursari - Indonesian modern folk music, a fusion of dangdut, langgam, and pop music
[edit] Can-Car
* Candombe
* Canon
* Cantata
* Cante chico
* Cante jondo
* Canterbury Scene
* Cantiñas
* Cantiga - Portuguese ballad form
* Canto livre - Portuguese modernized fado
* Canto nuevo - Bolivian pop-folk music which evolved out of Chilean nueva cancion
* Cantopop - western-style pop music from Hong Kong
* Canzone napoletana - urban songs from Naples
* Capoeira music
* Caracoles
* Cardas
* Carimbó - dance music of Belém, Brazil
* Cariso
* Carnatic music - South Indian classical music
* Carol
* Cartageneras
[edit] Cas-Cav
* Cavacha
* Caveman - The remixing/re-formation of songs using guttural noises and grunts, instead of the
mainstream accepted lyrics of the current era.
[edit] Cc-Ce
* CCM (Contemporary Christian Music)

* Celempungan
* Cello rock
* Celtic
* Celtic fusion
* Celtic metal
* Celtic punk
* Celtic reggae
* Celtic rock
[edit] Cha
* Cha-cha-cha
* Chakacha
* Chamamé - Argentinian folk music
* Chamber jazz
* Chamber pop
* Chamber music
* Champeta - Colombian musical form derived from African communities in Cartagena
* Chalga
* Changuí
* Chanson
* Chant
* Charanga
* Charanga-vallenata - 1980s mixture of salsa, charanga and vallenato
* Charikawi
* Chastushki - humorous Russian folk songs
* Chau van - Vietnamese trance music
[edit] Che-Chi
* Chemical breaks
* Chèo
* Chicago blues
* Chicago house
* Chicago jazz (Dixieland jazz)
* Chicago soul
* Chicha - a Peruvian fusion of rock and roll, cumbia and huayno
* Chicken scratch
* Chillout
* Chillwave
* Chimurenga (mbira)
* Chinese music
* Chinese rock - rock and roll from China / Taiwan, often with protest lyrics
* Chip music
[edit] Cho-Chr
* Chongak - Korean aristocratic chamber music

* Chouval bwa
* Chowtal
* Cho-kantrum - the most traditional form of Cambodian kantrum
* Chopera - Church Opera
* Chorinho
* Choro - Brazilian folk music
* Christian alternative
* Christian black metal (known as Unblack metal)
* Christmas carol
See also: List of Christmas carols
* Christmas music
* Christian electronic music
* Christian Hardcore
* Christian hip hop
* Christian Industrial
* Christian metal
* Christian music
* Christian punk
* Christian rock
* Christian ska
* Chylandyk - type of xoomii[disambiguation needed ] which sounds like the chirping of crickets
[edit] Chu
* Chumba
* Chut-kai-pang
* Chutney - popular Indo-Caribbean music
* Chutney-soca - Chutney mixed with calypso and other influences
[edit] Ci-Cl
* Cigányzene
* Cinematic
* Classic country
* Classic female blues - early popular form of blues
* Classic rock
* Classical music
* Classical music era (~1730-1820), for what's popularly known as "classical music", see European
classical music or List of musical movements
* Clicks n Cuts
* Close harmony
* Club music
[edit] Coc-Cor
* Coimbra fado - a form of refined fado from Coimbra, Portugal

* Coladeira
* Combined Rhythm - music of the Dutch Antilles
* Comedy rap
* Comedy rock
* Comic opera
* Comparsa
* Compas direct
* Concert overture
* Concerto
* Concerto grosso
* Conjunto
* Contemporary Christian Music (CCM)
* Contemporary R&B
* Contradanza
* Cool jazz
* Corrido - storytelling ballads from Mexico
[edit] Cou-Cow
* Country blues
* Country Gospel a.k.a. Christian Country
* Country music
* Country-rap
* Country rock
* Countrypolitan
* Country pop
* Coupé-Décalé
* Cowpunk
[edit] Cr-Cu
* Cretan music
* Crossover music
* Crossover thrash
* Crunk - American music
* Crunk&B
* Crunkcore
* Crust punk
* Csárdás
* Cuarteto - Argentinian folk music
* Cuddlecore
* Cueca
* Cumbia - popular dance music, originally Colombian but now popular across Latin America,
especially Mexico
* Cumbia villera - Argentinian type of cumbia which contains marginal lyrics
* Cybergrind
[edit] D
Da - De-Dh - Di-Dr - Du-Dz
Dubstep
[edit] Da
* Dabka (Dabke) - Palestinian dance music for weddings

* Dadra
* Daina (Latvia) - Latvian sung poetry
* Daina (Lithuania) - Lithuanian traditional music
* Dance music - any rhythmic music intended for dancing
* Dance-pop - contemporary form of dance music with pop music structures
* Dance-punk - fusion of punk rock, funk, disco, and electro music (also known as disco-punk, punk-
funk, and indie-dance)
* Dance-rock
* Dancehall
* Dangdut - popular Indonesian dance music with influences from Arab and Indian music
* Danger music
* Dansband
* Danza
* Danzón
* Dark ambient
* Dark cabaret
* Darkcore (hardcore techno)
* Darkcore (drum & bass)
* Dark pop
* Darkstep
* Darkwave
[edit] De-Dh
* De dragoste
* Deathcore - a fusion between death metal and metalcore
* Deathgrind - a fusion between death metal and grindcore
* Death industrial
* Death metal
* Death/Doom - a fusion between death metal and doom metal
* Death rock
* Décima
* Degung
* Delta blues
* Deep house
* Deep soul
* Dementia - relating to the style of music popularized by the Dr. Demento Show
* Desi - Indian folk music
* Detroit blues
* Detroit techno
* Dhamar - a type of highly-oranemented dhrupad
* Dhrupad - Hindustani vocal music performed by men singing in medieval Hindi
* Dhun
[edit] Di-Dr
* Digital hardcore
* Disney
* Disney pop
* Dirge
* Dirty rap
* Dirty South (music) (also known as Southern rap)
* Dirty Dutch
* Disco
* Disco house
* Disco polo - Polish nightclub dance music, played in '90s.
* Diva house
* Dixieland jazz (Chicago jazz)
* Djent
* Doina
* Dondang sayang - slow folk music that mixes Malaysian forms with Portuguese, India, Chinese
and Arabic music
* Donegal fiddle tradition
* Dongjing - Chinese Naxi form of folk music, related to silk and bamboo music from Chinca
* Doo wop
* Doom metal
* Doomcore
* Downtempo
* Drag
* Dream pop
* Drone doom (Also known as Drone metal)
* Drone music
* Dronology
* Drum and bass (DNB)
[edit] Du-Dz
* Dub
* Dub house
* Dubtronica
* Dubstep
* Dubstyle
* Dunun - Yoruba drum music
* Dunedin Sound - early 1980s alternative rock sound based out of Dunedin, New Zealand and
Flying Nun Records
* Dutch jazz
[edit] E
Ea-En - Er-Ez
[edit] Ea-En
* Early music
* East Coast blues
* East Coast hip hop
* Easy listening
* Elafrolaïkó (see Laïko)
* Electric blues
* Electric folk
* Electro
* Electro Backbeat
* Electro hop
* Electro-industrial
* Electro punk
* Electro-swing
* Electroclash
* Electrofunk
* Electronic art music
* Electronic body music (EBM, also known as industrial dance)
* Electronic dance
* Electronic luk thung - Dance-ready form of Thai pleng luk thung
* Electronic music
* Electronic rock
* Electronica
* Electropop
* Elevator music (or Muzak)
* Emo
* Emo rap
* Emo pop
* Emocore
* Enka - Japanese pop music, using native forms
[edit] Ep-Ez
* Eremwu eu
* Ethereal wave
* Ethereal pop
* Eurobeat
* Eurodance
* Euro disco
* Europop
* Eurotrance
* Exotica
* Experimental music
* Experimental noise
* Experimental rock
* Extreme metal
* Ezengileer - type of Tuvan xoomii[disambiguation needed ] said to imitate the trotting of horses.
[edit] F
Fa - Fr - Fu
[edit] Fa-Fr
* Fado - Portuguese roots-based popular music

* Falak - Tajik folk music
* Fandango - Spanish dance music
* Farruca - a genre of flamenco
* Filk - modern, science fiction-oriented music
* Film scores
* Filmi - Indian film music
* Filmi-ghazal - filmi based on Hindustani ghazal
* Finger-style
* Flamenco - dance music of Andalusia, Spain
* Flower power
* Folk metal
* Folk music
* Folk pop
* Folk punk
* Folk rock
* Folktronica
* Forró - extremely popular music of Northeastern Brazil
[edit] Fr
* Franco-country
* Freakbeat
* Freak-folk
* Free improvisation - freeform musical improvisation
* Free jazz - improvised 1960s jazz
* Free music
* Freestyle
* Freestyle house - a cross-culture mix of hip-hop/electro/house/pop
* Freetekno
* Frevo - folk music from Recife, Brazil
[edit] Fu
* Fuji - Yoruba vocal and percussion music

* Fulia - Afro-Venezuelan percussion music
* Full On
* Funaná
* Funeral doom - an extremely slow version of doom metal, most commonly made at the "pace of a
funeral march"
* Funk - a bass-heavy outgrowth of soul music
* Funk metal - 1980s combination of funk, heavy metal and punk rock
* Funk rock
* Funky house - considered a subgenre of UK Garage
* Furniture music - Erik Satie's invention of Background music
* Fusion jazz - mixture of rock and jazz
Ga - Ge-Gn - Go-Gr - Gu-Gy
* G-funk
[edit] Gaa-Gal
* Gaana - type of Tamil song from Tamil Nadu, India
* Gabber (also spelled as Gabba)
* Gagaku - Japanese classical music derived from ancient court traditions

* Gaikyoku
* Gaita - Afro-Venezuelan form of loud percussion music
* Galant
[edit] Gam-Gan
* Gamad - Malay-style
* Gambang kromong - popular, highly-evolved form of kroncong, originally adapted for the theater
* Gamelan - diverse Indonesian classical music, making use of a vast array of melodic percussion
* Gamelan angklung - Balinese gamelan played for cremations and festivals
* Gamelan bebonangan - Balinese cymbal-based processional gamelan
* Gamelan degung - a form of popular Sundanese gamelan
* Gamelan bang - Balinese sacred gamelan played for cremations
* Gamelan buh - Balinese form of gamelan
* Gamelan gede - ceremonial gamelan from the temple of Bator
* Gamelan kebyar - an energetic form of large Balinese gamelan
* Gamelan salendro - gamelan dance music from West Java, known as lower-class music
* Gamelan selunding - possibly the oldest style of gamelan, played only in the village of Tenganan
in Bali
* Gamelan semar pegulingan - sensual form of gamelan from Bali
* Gamewave
* Gammeldans
* Gandrung - Osing music performed at weddings.
* Gangsta rap - American form of hip hop music which focuses on underground lifestyles and illegal
activities.
[edit] Gar-Gav
* Gar - Tibetan classical music from gabi gishnola

* Garage rock
* Garrotin
* Gavotte
* Garage Grass - Urban Sydney String Band Music
[edit] Ge-Gn
* Gelugpa chanting - form of Tibetan Buddhist chanting, very austere and restrained
* Gender wayang - Indonesian gamelan that accompanies shadow plays and other puppet plays
* Gending - a distinct gamelan music from southern Sumatra
* German Folk Music
* Gharbi
* Gharnati
* Ghazal - vocal form originally Persian but since spread to Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and India
* Ghazal-song - a modernized version of ghazal influenced by filmi
* Ghetto house - form of Miami bass influenced by house music which arose in Chicago
* Ghettotech - form of Miami bass which developed in 1990s Detroit
* Girl group - Girls singing rock songs
* Glam metal
* Glam punk
* Glam rock (alternately known as glitter rock)
* Glitch
* Gnawa
[edit] Go-Gr
* Go-go
* Goa (also known as Goa trance)
* Gong-chime music
* Goombay - Bahamanian percussion music
* Goregrind
* Goshu ondo - a form of popularized Okinawan folk music
* Gospel music
* Gothic metal
* Gothic rock
* Granadinas
* Grebo
* Gregorian chant (plainchant)
* Grime - emerged from East London, dark electronic beats with rapping, related to UK Garage and
2 step
* Grindcore - fusion of Death Metal and Punk
* Groove metal
* Group Sounds - Japanese pop music from the 1960s, which included Appalachian folk music and
psychedelic rock
* Grunge
* Grupera - a mixture of Mexican ranchera, norteño and cumbia
[edit] Gu-Gy
* Guaguanbo
* Guajira
* Guasca - from Colombia
* Guitarra Baiana - from Pernambuco, Brazil, a style of playing frevo using electric guitars
* Guitarradas
* Gumbe
* Gunchei
* Gunka - military marches with Japanese influences, created during the Meiji Restoration
* Guoyue - invented conservatoire style of national Chinese music
* Gwo ka - Guadeloupan percussion music
* Gwo ka moderne - modernized gwo ka
* Gypsy jazz
* Gypsybilly see Gypsy Jazz (North America)
* Gypsy punk
* Gyu ke - form of Tibetan Tantric chanting
[edit] H
Ha - He-Ho - Hu-Hy
[edit] Hab-Has
* Habanera - Africanized danzón

* Hajnali - Hungarian-Transylvanian wedding songs
* Hakka
* Halling
* Hambo
* Hands Up
* Hapa haole - a mixture of traditional Hawaiian music and English lyrics
* Happy hardcore
* Haqibah
* Hardcore hip hop
* Hardcore metal
* Hardcore punk
* Hardcore techno
* Hard bop (hard bebop)
* Hard house
* Hard rock
* Hardstyle
* Hard trance
* Harepa - harp-based music of Pedi people of South Africa
* Harmonica blues
* Hasaposérviko
[edit] Hat-Haz
* Hát chèo - an ancient form of Vietnamese stage opera

* Hát cãi luong - Vietnamese popular opera
* Hát chau van - a popular spiritual folk music of Vietnam
* Hát tu?ng (Hát bôi) - Vietnamese operatic music
[edit] He-Ho
* Heart Attack - Subgenre of screamo music.

* Heartland rock
* Heavy beat
* Heavy metal
* Hesher
* Hi-NRG
* Highlands
* Highlife
* Highlife fusion
* Hillybilly music
* Hiplife
* Hip hop
* Hip house
* Hindustani classical music
* Hiragasy
* Hiva usu - unaccompanied vocal Christian music of Tonga
* Honky tonk
* Honkyoku
* Hora lunga
* Hornpipes
* Horrorcore rap
* Horror punk
* House music
[edit] Hu-Hy
* Hua'er
* Huasteco - folk music from Huasteco, Mexico
* Huaynos - Andean dance music now most widespread in Peru
* Hula
* Humppa
* Hunguhungu
* Hyangak - Korean court music
* Hymn
* Hyphy
[edit] I
* Ibiza music
* Icaro
* Igbo music
* Ijexá
* Ilahije
* Illbient
* Impressionist music
* Improvisational
* Incidental music
* Indietronica
* Indie folk
* Indie music
* Indie pop
* Indie rock
* Indo jazz - jazz mixed with forms of Indian music
* Indo rock
* Indoyíftika
* Industrial dance (or EBM, electronic body music)
* Industrial Death Metal
* Industrial hip-hop
* Industrial music
* Industrial musical (also known as corporate musical)
* Industrial metal
* Industrial rock (or coldwave)
* Instrumental rock
* Intelligent dance music (IDM, also known as intelligent techno, listening techno or art techno)
* International Latin - pop ballads from various Latin countries, especially Colombia
* Inuit music - music of the Inuit
* Irish folk
* Irish Rebel Music
* Iscathamiya
* Isikhwela jo
* Island - mix of reggae, ska, latin; music sounding from the island
* Isolationist
* Italo dance
* Italo Disco - Italian nightclub music
* Italo house
* Itsmeños - folk music of the Zapotec peoples of Mexico
* Izvorna bosanska muzika - modernized folk music from Drina, Bosnia
* Inang Rhythm
[edit] J
Ja-Je - Ji-Ju
* J-Pop - Japanese pop music

* J-Rock - Japanese rock music
* J-Fusion - Japanese Jazz/Rock Fusion music
[edit] Ja-Je
* Jaipongan - unpredictably rhythmic dance music from West Java, Indonesia

* Jaliscienses - Folk music of Jalisco, Mexico, and the origin of mariachi
* Jam band
* Jam rock
* Jamana kura
* Jamrieng samai
* Jangle pop
* Japanese Pop
* Jarana
* Jariang - Cambodian folk narratives
* Jarochos - folk music from Veracruz, Mexico
* Jawaiian - Hawaiian reggae
* Jazz
* Jazz blues
* Jazz-funk
* Jazz fusion
* Jazz Metal
* Jazz rap
* Jegog - Giant Bamboo ensemble of Bali, Indonesia
* Jenkka
* Jesus music
[edit] Ji-Jt
* Jibaro
* Jig
* Jig punk
* Jing ping
* Jingle - form of music used in television commercials
* Jit
* Jitterbug
* Jive
* Joged - a generic term for various types of dance music all over Indonesia
* Joged bumbung - a popular form of joged ensemble
* Joik
* Joropo
* Jota
* J'Ouvert
* Jug band
* Juke joint blues
* Juju
* Jump blues
* Jumpstyle
* Jungle
* Junkanoo
* Juré
* Jtek
[edit] K
Ka - Ke-Kh - Ki-Kp - Kr-Kw

[edit] K-
* K-pop - Korean pop music
[edit] Ka
* Käng
* Kaba - Southern Albanian instrumental music
* Kabuki - lively and popular form of Japanese theater and music
* Kadans
* Kagok - Korean aristocratic vocal music accompanied by strings, wind and percussion instruments
* Kagyupa chanting - form of Tibetan Buddhist chanting
* Kaiso - is a type of popular music in Trinidad and other Islands of the Caribbean such as Grenada,
St. Lucia and Barbados. It is often used as a synonym for calypso.
* Kalamatianó
* Kalattuut - Inuit polka
* Kalinda (kalenda, ti kannot)
* Kamba pop
* Kan ha diskan
* Kansas City blues
* Kantádhes
* Kantrum
* Karaoke
* Kargyraa
* Karma
* Kaseko - Surinamese folk music
* Kachashi - lively, celebratory Okinawan folk music
* Katajjaq or Inuit throat singing - competitive duet style
* Kawachi ondo - a form of modernized Okinawan folk music
* Kayokyoku - traditionally-structured Japanese pop music
[edit] Ke-Kh
* Ke-kwe
* Kebyar - see gamelan gong kebyar above
* Kecak - Balinese "monkeychant"
* Kecapi suling - instrumental, improvisation-based music from Java
* Kélé
* Kertok - Malaysian xylophone music played in small ensembles
* Khaleeji - popular folk-based music of the Persian Gulf countries
* Khap
* Khplam wai - a type of mor lam with a slow tempo which originated in Luang Prabang, Laos
* Khelimaski djili - Hungarian Gypsy dance songs
* Khene
* Khrung sai - type of Thai classical music
* Khyal - Hindustani vocal music that is informal, partially improvised and very popular
* Khoomei
* Khorovodi - Russian dance music
[edit] Ki-Kp
* Kikuyu pop
* Kilapanda
* Kinko
* Kirtan
* Kiwi rock
* Kizomba
* Klape - Dalmatian male choir music
* Klasik
* Kléftiko
* Klezmer
* Kliningan
* Kochare - Armenian folk dance
* Kolomyjka
* Komagaku
* Konpa
* Koumpaneia - Greek Gypsy music
* Kpanlogo
[edit] Kr-Kw
* Krakowiak
* Krautrock
* Kriti (krithi) - a Hindu hymn
* Kroncong - popular Indonesian music with strong Portuguese influence
* Krump - upbeat and fast-paced with bass and clapping
* Krzesany
* Kuduro
* Kulintang - Traditional gong-chime music of the Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, Eastern Malaysia,
Brunei and Timor
* Kulning - Swedish folk songs
* Kumina - music (and religion) of the Bongo Nation of Jamaica
* Kun-borrk
* Kundere
* Kundiman - traditional Filipino songs adapted to Western song structure
* Kussundé
* Kutumba wake
* Kvæði
* Kveding - traditional Norwegian songs
* Kwaito
* Kwassa kwassa
* Kwela
[edit] L
La - Le-Lo - Lu
[edit] La
* La la - Louisianan Creole music
* Lambada
* Latin pop - pop music that has what may be perceived a Latin American influence
* Lavway
* Liquid drum&bass
[edit] Le-Lo
* Le leagan
* Legényes - Hungarian-Transylvanian men's dance
* Letkajenkka
* Lhamo - form of Tibetan opera
* Library Music - also known as stock music or production music
* Lieder
* Likanos
* Light Music - 20th Century light orchestral music (mainly British)
* Light Rock -also known as Soft Rock or AM Gold
* Liquid Funk
* Liquindi
* Llanera - Venezuelan music
* Llanto - a flamenco-influenced genre of Panamanian folk music
* Lo-fi music
* Logobi
* Loki djili - traditional Hungarian Gypsy songs
* Long-song - traditional Mongolian slow songs
* Louisiana blues
* Lounge music
* Lovers rock
* Lowercase
[edit] Lu
* Lu - unaccompanied Tibetan folk music

* Lubbock Sound
* Lucknavi thumri - a type of thumri from Lucknow
* Luhya omutibo
* Luk grung - Popular Thai music from the early 20th century
* Lullaby
* Lundu
* Lundum
* Lelio
[edit] M
Ma - Mb-Mg - Mi - Min-Mir - Mo-Mp - Mu
* M-Base
[edit] Mad-Mam
* Madchester (also known as Manchester)

* Madrigal
* Mafioso rap
* Maglaal (tuuli)
* Magnificat
* Mahori - type of Thai classical music
* Makossa
* Makossa-soukous
* Malagueñas
* Malawian jazz
* Malhun
* Maloya - traditional music from Réunion
* Maluf - evolved form of al-andalous classical music which developed in Constantine, Algeria
* maluka
* Mambo
* Marinera - Dance of Perú
* Martial Industrial A mix of industrial and martial music. Similar to neo-classical and neo-folk.
Usually very pro-Europe.
[edit] Man-Map
* Manaschi - Kyrgyz folk music made by travelling musicians also called manaschi
* Mandarin pop - early Taiwanese pop sung in Mandarin and popular with young listeners
* Manding swing
* Mango
* Mangue Bit - African style beat music style from Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
* Mangulina
* Manikay
* Manila sound - Early 1970s development in Pinoy rock which mixed Tagalog and English lyrics
* Manouche
* Manzuma
* Mapouka
* Mapouka-serré
[edit] Mar-Maz
* Marabi
* Maracatu - African and Portuguese music popular around Recife, Brazil
* Marga - Indian classical music
* Mariachi - pop form of Son Jaliscience
* Marimba
* Marrabenta
* Martial industrial
* Maskanda - popularized Zulu-traditional music
* Mass
* Martinetes
* Matamuerte
* Mathcore
* Math rock
* Maxixe
* Mazurka - Martinican Music
[edit] Mb-Mg
* Mbalax
* Mbaqanga (township jive)
* Mbira (Chimurenga)
* Mbube
* Mbumba
* Medh
* Meditation
* Medieval folk rock
* Medieval metal
* Medieval music
* Mejorana
* Melhoun
* Melhûn
* Matt Bello
* Melodic black metal
* Melodic death metal
* Melodic hardcore
* Melodic metalcore
* Melodic music
* Melodic trance
* Memphis blues
* Memphis rap
* Memphis soul
* Mento
* Merengue
* Merengue típico moderno
* Merengue-bomba - Puerto Rican fusion of bomba and merengue
* Méringue
* Meringue
* Merseybeat
* Metal
* Metalcore
* Metallic hardcore
* Mexican rock
* Mexican son - a broad group of Mexican folk music
* Meykhana
* Mezwed
[edit] Mia-Mil
* Miami bass (booty bass) (Bass music)

* Microhouse
* Mini compas
* Mini-jazz
* Minuet
* Milonga
[edit] Min-Mit
* Min'yo - Japanese folk music

* Mineras
* Mini-jazz - Caribbean jazz
* Minimalist music
* Minimalist trance
* Minimal techno
* Minstrel show
* Minneapolis sound
* Mirolóyia
[edit] Mo-MP
* Modinha
* Modern classical music
* Modern Laika
* Modern Rock
* Modinha
* Mohabelo - neo-traditional music from South Africa and Lesotho
* Mor lam - Laotian and Thai ensemble music for vocals with accompaniment
* Mor lam sing - popular form of Laotian traditional music developed by Laotians in Thailand
* Moombahton
* Motorpop
* Motown
* Montuno
* Monumental Dance
* Morna
* Mozambique
* MPB (música popular brasileira) - catch-all term for multiple varieties of Brazilian pop music
[edit] Mu
* Mugam - classical music of Azerbaijan, featuring sung poetry and instrumental passages
* Multicultural - music that is infused with several different types of cultural and ethnic influences
and sounds.
* Murga - Uruguayan street carnival dance with heavy percussion, also popular in Argentina.
* Musette
* Mushroom Jazz
* Music drama
* Music Hall
* Música campesina - Cuban rural music
* Música criolla - a coastal Peruvian music from the early 20th century, consisting of a variety of
Western fusions
* Música de la interior - indigenous folk music from Colombia
* Música llanera - harp-based form of folk music from Los Llanos, Colombia
* Música nordestina - Northeast Brazilian popular music, centered around Recife
* Música tropical - a form of Colombian salsa music
* Musiqi-e assil - Persian classical music
* Musique concrète (also known as electroacoustic music)
* Mutuashi
* Muwashshah
* Muzak (or elevator music)
N
Na – Ng
[edit] Na
* Nagauta – Japanese style of shamisen-playing

* Nakasi – Taiwanese musical form
* Nangma – Tibetan dance music
* Nanguan – Taiwanese instrumental music
* Narcocorrido – Spanish for "Drug ballad", this Mexican music's theme was equivalent to gangster
rap
* Nardcore – Nardcore is a hardcore punk movement that came out of Southern California in the
early 1980s
* Narodna muzika – Bosnian folk music
* Nasheed – a capella music closely related with Islamic revival in the 20th century
* Nashville Sound – pop-country music based out of Nashville, Tennessee
* National Socialist Black Metal (NSBM) – Nazi black metal
* Naturalismo – a term for the 2000s folk movement also referred to as New Weird America or
Freak Folk
* Nederpop – popular music of the Netherlands, especially in the Dutch language
* Neoclassical (Dark Wave)
* Neoclassical (New Age)
* Neoclassical music
* Neo-classical metal
* Néo kýma
* Neofolk – a form of folk music that emerged from European ideals and post-industrial music
* Neo-Medieval
* Neo-prog
* Neo-Psychedelia
* Neo Soul (Nu Soul) – late 1990s and early 2000s American fusion of contemporary R&B, 1970s
style soul music, hip hop music, jazz, and classical music
* Nerdcore
* Neue Deutsche Härte
* Neue Deutsche Welle – a kind of German New Wave music
* New Age music – numerous varieties of music associated with New Age spirituality and culture,
especially including atmospheric and natural sounds
* New Beat – a downtempo music style from Belgium, contemporary to Chicago House and Detroit
Techno.
* New Instrumental
* New Jack Swing (New Jack R&B, Swingbeat) – late 1980s and early 1990s American fusion of hip
hop music, R&B, doo wop and soul music
* New Orleans blues – piano and horn-heavy blues from the city of New Orleans, Louisiana
* New Orleans jazz
* New Pop
* New prog
* New Rave
* New Romantic – popular British New Wave from the early 1980s
* New school hip hop – generic term for hip hop music recorded after about 1989
* New Taiwanese Song – modern Taiwanese pop music which combines ballads, rock and roll and
hip hop
* New Wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) – mid- to late 1970s heavy metal coming out of the
United Kingdom
* New Wave – melodious pop outgrowth of arty punk rock, also used as description of an emerging
sound in any genre (e.g. Alpine New Wave)
* New Wave of New Wave
* New Weird America – term to defining emerging folk/psychedelia/drone/noize influenced by pre-
war country-folk-blues & 1960s counter cultural underground music.
* New York blues – jazzy, urban blues from the early 20th century
* New York House (also known as US Garage)
* Newgrass – progressive bluegrass
[edit] Ng
* Nganja
* Niche – sub-genre of UK Garage and Bassline House, name derived from the club in Sheffield,
that first started putting on regular bassline nights
* Nintendocore
* Nisiótika – folk songs of the Greek islands
* No Wave – avant-garde late 1970s outgrowth of New Wave and punk rock
* Noh – highly-stylized Japanese theater and music style
* Noise music
* Noise pop – experimental 1990s outgrowth of punk
* Noise rock – atonal punk rock from the 1980s
* Nongak – Korean folk music played by 20-30 performers on different kinds of percussion
instruments
* Norae Undong – Korean rock music with socially aware lyrics
* Nordic folk music
o Nordic folk dance music
* Nortec – electronic style from Tijuana, Mexico
* Norteño (Tex-Mex) – Modernized corridos pop music of Mexico
* Northern Soul – late 1960s variety of soul music from northern England
* Nota
* Nu breaks
* Nu jazz – fusion of late 1990s jazz and electronic music
* Nu metal – fusion of heavy metal music with genres such as hip hop, funk, grunge and electronic
music
* Nu soul (neo soul) – popular fusion of hip hop music and soul music
* Nueva canción – Chilean pop-folk music which influenced by native Chilean and Bolivian forms
* Nyatiti- a Kenyan song for the Luo community.
[edit] O
* Obscuro
* Oi! – 1980s style of British punk rock
* Old school hip hop – generic term for hip hop music recorded before approximately 1989
* Old-time – archaic term for many different styles that were an outgrowth of Appalachian folk music
and fed into country music
* Oldies
* Olonkho – Yakut epic songs
* Oltului
* Ondo
* Opera – theatrical performances in which all or most dialogue is sung with musical
accompaniment
* Operatic Pop – subgenre of pop music that is performed in a classical operatic style (also referred
to as "Popera")
* Oratorio – similar to opera but without scenery, costumes or acting
* Orchestra – a large ensemble, especially one used to played European classical music
* Organ trio – a style of jazz from the 1960s that blended blues and jazz (and later "soul jazz") and
which was based around the sound of the Hammond organ
* Organic ambient – often acoustic ambient music which uses instruments and styles borrowed from
world music
* Organum – Middle Ages polyphonic music
* Oriental metal – a subgenre of folk metal that incorporates elements of traditional Middle Eastern
music.
* Orgel (Organ Orgue) – keyboard instrument with/without pedals
* Ottava rima – Italian rhyming stanzas
* Outlaw country – late 1960s and 70s form of country music with a hard-edged sound and
rebellious lyrics
* Outsider music – generic term for music performed by outsiders
[edit] P
Pa – Pi – Po – Pr
* P-Funk – 1970s fusion of funk, heavy metal and psychedelic rock, most closely associated with
the bands Funkadelic and Parliament, who shared many members collectively known as P-Funk
[edit] Pa
* Pagan metal
* Pagan rock
* Pagode – Brazilian style of music which originated in the Rio de Janeiro region
* Paisley Underground – 1980s style of alternative rock that drew heavily on psychedelia
* Palm wine – fusion of numerous West African, Latin American and European genres, popular
throughout coastal West Africa in the 20th century
* Panambih – tembang sunda that uses metered poetry
* Panchai baja – Nepalese wedding music
* Panchavadyam – Temple music from Kerala, India
* Pansori – Korean folk music played by a singer and a drummer
* Paranda – Garifuna form of music
* Parranda – Afro-Venezuelan form of music
* Parody – humorous renditions of various songs
* Patriotic
* Pambiche (Merengue estilo yanqui)
* Paranda – Garifuna music of Belize
* Parang – Trinidadian Christmas carols
* Partido alto
* Pasillo
* Psychobilly – Punk rock and country
* Peace Punk
* Pelimanni music – Finnish folk dance music
* Petenera
* Peyote Song – a mixture of gospel and traditional Native American music
* Philadelphia soul – soft 1970s soul that came out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[edit] Pi
* Piano blues
* Piano rock
* Pimba – Origin: Portugal.
* Piedmont blues
* Pinoy rock – rock and roll sung in Tagalog from the Philippines
* Pinpeat orchestra
* Piphat – ancient form of Thai classical ensemble
* Piyyutim
* Plainchant (Gregorian chant)
* Plena
* Pleng phua cheewit – Thai protest rock
* Pleng Thai sakorn – a Thai interpretation of Western classical music
[edit] Po
* Polka
* Polo
* Polonaise
* Pols – Danish fiddle and accordion dance music
* Polska
* Pong lang
* Pop folk
* Pop music
* Pop punk
* Pop rap
* Pop rock
* Pop sunda – Sundanese mixture of gamelan degung and pop music structures
* Pornocore
* Porro – Colombian big band music
* Post-disco
* Post-grunge
* Post-hardcore- Slite mixture of Hardcore and Punk rock
* Post-industrial
* Post-metal
* Post-minimalism
* Post-punk
* Post-rock
* Post-romanticism
* Power electronics
* Power metal
* Power noise (or rhythmic noise)
* Power pop
* Powerviolence (also known as power violence)
* Pow-wow – Native American dance music
* Ppongtchak – Korean pop music developed during the Japanese occupation
[edit] Pr
* Praise song
* Program symphony
* Progressive electronic music
* Progressive folk music
* Progressive house
* Progressive metal
* Progressive bluegrass
* Progressive rock
* Progressive trance
* Protopunk
* Psychedelic music
* Psych folk or Psychedelic folk
* Psychedelic rock
* Psychedelic trance (Psy-trance)
* Psychobilly
* Punk blues – a US music genre that developed in the 1980s, which mixes elements of blues with
the aggressive sound of punk.
* Punk Cabaret – a fusion of musical theater and cabaret style music with the aggressive, raw
nature of punk rock.
* Punk jazz
* Punk rock
* Punta
* Punta rock – 1970s Belizean music
[edit] Q
* Quan ho – Vietnamese vocal music which originated in the Red River Delta
* Qasidah – Epic religious poetry accompanied by percussion and chanting
* Qasidah modern – Qasidah updated for mainstream audiences
* Qawwali – Sufi religious music updated for mainstream audiences, was originated in India
* Quadrille
* Queercore
* Quiet Storm
[edit] R
Ra – Rh
[edit] Ra
* Rada
* Raga rock – Swiss soul, rock and Indian music fusion
* Raga
* Raggamuffin (Ragga)
* Ragga Jungle
* Ragtime
* Rai – Algerian folk music now developed into a popular style
* Raicore
* Raï'n'B
* Rake-and-scrape – Bahamanian instrumental music
* Ramkbach
* Ramvong
* Ranchera – pop mariachi from 1950s film soundtracks
* Rap
* Rara
* Rare groove
* Rasiya
* Rave
* Rebetiko
* Red Dirt (music)
* reel
* Reggae
* Reggae dancehall (see Dancehall)
* Reggae fusion
* Reggae highlife
* Reggaeton
* Rekilaulu – Finnish rhyming sleigh songs
* Relax Music
* Religious
* Rembetiko
* Renaissance music
* Requiem
[edit] Rh
* Rhapsody
* Rhyming spiritual – Bahamanian hymns
* Rhythm and blues (R&B)
* Rhythmic noise (or power noise)
* Ricercar
* Rímur – Icelandic heroic epic songs
* Riot grrrl
* Rock
* Rock opera
* Rock and roll
* Rock en español
* Rockabilly
* Rocksteady
* Rococo
* Romantic period in music
* Rondeaux
* Ronggeng – a folk music from Malacca, Malaysia
* Roots reggae
* Roots rock
* Roots rock reggae
* Rumba
o African Rumba
o Cuban Rumba (yambu, columbia, and guaguanco)
o Flamenco Rumba also known as Gypsy rumba
S
Sa - Sc - Si - So - St - Sy
[edit] Sa
* Sabar - drumming style found in Senegal

* Sacred Harp
* Sadcore
* Saibara
* Salegy
* Salsa - fusion of multiple Cuban- and Puerto Rican-derived pop genres from immigrants in New
York City
* Salsa erotica - lyrically explicit form of salsa romantica
* Salsa romantica - a soft, romantic form of salsa music
* Saltarello
* Samba - form of Brazilian popular music
* Samba-canção - traditional samba in slow tempo and with romantic lyrics. influenced by bolero
* Samba-reggae - a genre of samba with a choppy, reggae-like rhythm.
* Samba-rock
* Sambai
* Sanjo - Korean instrumental folk music
* Sato kagura
* Sawt - urban music from Kuwait and Bahrain
* Saya - Bolivian music derived from African rhythms
[edit] Sc
* Schlager
* Schottisch
* Schranz
* Scottish Baroque music
* Screamo
* Scrumpy and Western - folk music from West Country of England
* Sea shanty
* Sean nós - Sean-nós singing style of Ireland
* Second Viennese School
* Sega music
* Seggae
* Seis
* Semba
* Sephardic music
* Serialism
* Set dance
* Sevdalinka - Bosnian urban popular music
* Sevillana
* Shabab
* Shabad
* Shalako - Armenian folk dance
* Shan'ge - Taiwanese Hakka mountain songs
* Shango
* Shape note
* Shibuya-kei
* Shidaiqu - Hong Kong-based form of traditional music updated for pop audiences and sung in
Mandarin
* Shima uta - a form of Okinawan dance music
* Shock rock
* Shoegaze - British pop
* Shoka - Japanese songs written during the Meiji Restoration to bring Western music to Japanese
schools
* Shomyo - Japanese Buddhist chanting
* Show tune
[edit] Si
* Sica
* Siguiriyas
* Silat - Malaysian mixture of music, dance and martial arts
* Sinawi - Korean religious music meant for dancing; it is improvised and reminiscent of jazz
* Singer-songwriter
* Situational
* Ska
* Ska punk
* Skacore (third wave of ska)
* Skald
* Skate punk
* Skiffle
* Slack-key guitar (kihoalu) - Hawaiian form invented by retuning open strings on a guitar
* Slängpolska
* Slide
* Slowcore
* Sludge metal
* Smooth jazz
[edit] So
* Soca
* Soft rock
* Son-batá (batá rock)
* Son montuno - Cuban folk music
* Sonata
* Songo - a mixture of changuí and son montuno
* Songo-salsa - a mixture of songo, hip hop and salsa
* Sophisti-pop
* Soukous
* Soul blues
* Soul jazz
* Soul music
* Soundtrack
* Southern Gospel
* Southern Harmony
* Southern hip hop
* Southern metal
* Southern rock
* Southern soul
* Space age pop
* Space music
* Space rock
* Spectralism
* Speedcore
* Speed garage
* Speed metal
* Spirituals
* Spouge - Barbadian folk music
* Sprechgesang
* Square dance
[edit] St
* St. Louis blues

* Steelband
* Stoner metal
* Stoner rock
* Straight edge
* Strathspeys
* Stride
* String - 1980s Thai pop music
* String quartet
* Sufi music
* Suite
* Sunshine pop
* Suomirock
* Super Eurobeat
* Surf ballads
* Surf instrumental
* Surf music
* Surf pop
* Surf rock
* Swamp blues
* Swamp pop
* Swamp rock
* Swingbeat (New Jack Swing, New Jack R&B)
* Swing music
[edit] Sy
* Sygyt - type of xoomii (Tuva throat singing), likened to the sound of whistling
* Symphonic black metal
* Symphonic metal
* Symphonic poem
* Symphonic rock
* Symphony
* Synthpop
* Synthpunk
[edit] T
* Taarab
* Tai tu - Vietnamese chamber music
* Taiwanese pop - early Taiwanese pop music influenced by enka and popular with older listeners
* Tala - a rhythmic pattern in Indian classical music
* Talempong - a distinct Minangkabau gamelan music
* Tambu
* Tamburitza
* Tamil Christian keerthanai - Christian devotional lyrics in Tamil
* Táncház - Hungarian dance music
* Tango - Argentine popular music that spread internationally in the 1920s
* Tanguk - a form of Korean court music that includes elements of Chinese music
* Tappa
* Tarana - form of vocal music from northern India using highly rhythmic nonsense syllables
* Tarantella
* Taranto
* Tech Beat
* Tech House
* Tech Trance
* Technical death metal
* Technical metal
* Techno
* Technoid
* Technopop - Japanese-language electropop / synthpop
* Techstep
* Techtonik
* Teen pop
* Tejano music or "Tex-Mex", sometimes confused with norteño
* Tekno
* Tembang sunda - Sundanese sung free verse poetry
* Texas blues
* Theme music
* Thillana - form of vocal music from South India using highly rhythmic nonsense syllables
* Thrashcore
* Thrash metal
* Thumri - a type of popular Hindustani vocal music
* Tibetan pop - pop music heavily influenced by Chinese forms, emerging in the 1980s
* Tientos
* Timbila - form of folk music in Mozambique
* Tin Pan Alley
* Tinga
* Tinku - traditional music and dance from Potosi Bolivia
* Toeshey - Tibetan dance music
* Togaku
* T'ong guitar - acoustic guitar pop music of Korea
* Traditional pop music
* Trallalero - Genoese urban songs
* Trance
* Tribal house
* Trikitixa - Basque accordion music
* Trip-hop
* Trip rock
* Tropicalia
* Tropipop
* Truck-driving country
* Tumba
* Turbo-folk - aggressive form of modernized Serbian music
* Turkish Music
* Turntablism
* Tuvan throat-singing
* Twee pop
* Twist (also a dance style, early 1960s)
* Two tone (second wave of ska)
[edit] U
* UK garage
* UK pub rock
* Unblack metal (also known as Christian black metal)
* Underground music
* Uplifting Trance
* Urban Cowboy
* Urban Folk
* Urban jazz
[edit] V
* Vallenato - accordion-based Colombian folk music

* Vaudeville
* Verbunkos - Hungarian folk music
* Verismo
* Video game music - Melodic music as defined by its media.
* Viking metal
* Villanella - 16th century Neapolitan songs
* Virelais
* Visual Kei
* Visual music
* Vocal house
* Vocal jazz
* Vocal music
* Volksmusik
[edit] W
* Waila (chicken scratch) - a Tohono O'odham fusion of polka, norteño and Native American music
* Waltz
* Wangga - Australian aboriginal music genre
* Warabe uta
* Wassoulou
* Were music
* West Coast hip hop is a hip hop music subgenre that encompasses any artists or music which
originates in the westernmost region of the United States
* Western blues
* Western swing
* Witch house
* Wizard rock
* Women's music or womyn's music, wimmin's music--1970s lesbian/feminist
* Wong shadow - 1960s Thai pop music
* Work song
* Wood Sounds of organic synthesis recorded on organic medium such as tape.
* Worldbeat
* World music
* World fusion music
[edit] X
* Xoomii (khoomii, hoomii) - a type of Tuvan throat singing

* Xhosa music
[edit] Y
* Yé-yé
* Yo-pop
* Yodeling
* Yukar
[edit] Z
* Zajal
* Zapin - derived from ancient Arabic music, zapin is popular throughout Malaysia
* Zarzuela - a form of Spanish operetta
* Zeuhl
* Zeibekiko - Greek Dance 9/8 Rytmus
* Zef - South African music based in both rap & rave
* Ziglibithy
* Zouglou
* Zouk - French Caribbean (Guadeloupean) dance music
* Zouk chouv
* Zouklove - Guadeloupean Music
* Zulu music
* Zydeco - popular Louisianan Creole music
LIST OF BLOOD GROUPS

1. O Positive
2. O Negative
3. A Positive
4. A Negative
5. B Positive
6. B Negative
7. AB Positive
8. AB Negative
Few important points about the blood group compatibility are mentioned below -
1. People having AB can receive blood from any group but can donate only to another AB individual
2. People having A can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O and they can donate
only to individuals with type A or AB.
3. People having B can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O and they can donate
only to individuals with type B or AB.
4. People having O can receive blood only from a group O individual, but can donate to individuals
of A,B,AB and O group.
5. A person having AB + can receive blood from anybody, while a person having O negative can
receive only from O negative individual.
BEST 10 ANIMAL MOVIES

10. Dr. Dolittle (1998)
In this family-friendly remake, Eddie Murphy plays a doctor who can talk to animals — and, boy, do
they talk back! From rats to racehorses, the good doctor is called upon for more medical advice than
he can handle. Featuring an all-star chorus of voice talent (including Chris Rock, John Leguizamo,
Norm MacDonald, Albert Brooks, Gary Shandling and Ellen DeGeneres), The New York Times says,
"This wild and woolly free-for-all is your prescription for hilarious hijinks and mischievous fun!" We
couldn’t agree more.
9. That Darn Cat! (1965)

Cat lovers, this one is for you. This kitschy classic stars a mischievous Siamese whose new collar
unwittingly makes her the prime informant in a kidnapping case. Hayley Mills plays the kitty's
dedicated owner, and proves to be a charming would-be sleuth who aims to help the FBI agent on the
case. Wouldn't you know it, he's allergic to cats. Complete with jealous boyfriends and nosy neighbors,
it';s screwball hilarity at its best. Fun like this never goes out of style.
8. Free Willy (1993)
The tagline says it all: "A 12-year-old street kid. A three-ton Orca whale. A friendship you could never
imagine. An adventure you'll never forget." And what's not to love? Lessons abound, from family to
friendship to gorgeous creatures of the deep — both onscreen and off. The huge international success
of this movie inspired a letter writing campaign to free the real Willy (Keiko) from captivity in an
amusement park in Mexico City. He was eventually released near Norway. The movie remains a top
family feature, and along with its two sequels is now available in a three-DVD box set.
7. Eight Below (2006)
When you’re not mesmerized by the panoramic views of glaciers and northern lights, your heart will be
rooting for the dogs who steal the show from the start. That's what puts this movie on our list. Based
on a true account of a 1958 Antarctic expedition gone wrong, Eight Below tells the story of a devoted
dog-sled guide, Jerry (played by the handsome Paul Walker), who is forced to leave behind his
beloved team of eight dogs due to extreme weather conditions. The dogs are left to fend for
themselves in the snowy wilderness for nearly six months. From here, it’s about adventure, courage,
determination and ultimately a rescue.
Honorable mention in the adventure category: Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey (1993)
6. The Jungle Book (1994)
"Born of man, raised by animals, destined for adventure." The movie’s tagline sums it up! In this live-
action version of Rudyard Kipling’s classic, a strapping Jason Scott Lee plays Mowgli, a young man
raised by wolves after his parents were killed by a tiger. It's packed with vine-swinging adventure with
friends Baloo the bear and Bagheera the panther. That is, until Mowgli becomes enchanted with an
Englishwoman visiting on safari. It’s a fish-out-of-water story when he follows her to the city and
"civilization." It turns out that polite society may have more in common with the jungle than anyone
ever thought.
Honorable mention for wild animals at their best: Swiss Family Robinson (1960)
5. The Yearling (1946)
It’s old-fashioned. It's charming. And it stars Gregory Peck. Ta da! The oldest movie and the only one
on our list based on a Pulitzer Prize-winning book, this is the story of a small family struggling to make
a life in Florida just after the Civil War. These are tough times but comfort comes to 11-year-old Jody,
an only child who yearns for a pet to love, in the form of an orphaned fawn. The two become
inseparable but as the deer grows, a heartbreaking choice becomes inevitable. Like other family-on-
the-farm movies of its time, the story ends sadly; however, the pleasure is in the grace, kindness and
diligence that the family conducts displays every day. They may not have had running water, but they
sure had good manners.
4. Fly Away Home (1996)

Sometimes a "family movie" is actually a good movie, and this is one of those gems. Starring
Academy Award Winner® Anna Paquin as a suddenly motherless 13-year-old who is relocated to
Canada to live with her bohemian dad (Jeff Daniels), it’s a metaphor for losing your way and trusting
someone to help you find it again. For its sweeping vistas of sun-kissed farmland, dappled marshes
and sunny skies, you'll like this movie. But the moment Amy's dad teaches her to fly an ultralight in
order to guide a flock of orphaned geese south for the winter, you'll fall in love. Best of all, the movie is
based on a true story; the movie raised awareness of wetland preservation, plus revenue earned from
the film helped fund even more migratory projects.
3. Babe (1995)
It’s a challenge not to like a movie that’s both adorable and poignant at the same time. That's just what
this story is -- and why it ranks so high on our list. The star of this show is a young pig named Babe
who finds himself alone in an English barnyard. But that's where the fun begins. He’s embraced by
Farmer Hoggett and defies the odds — not to mention everyone's expectations — by learning to be an
award-winning sheep dog. Performances are wonderful, by man, pig and sheep alike. About 500 live
animal actors were used, then blended with stunning animatronics. Thanks to the Jim Henson
Creature Factory, the film won an Academy Award® in 1995 for "Best Visual Effects." Described by
critics as "a humorous look at the limitations and lunacy of a preordained society," it’s a refreshing
message about breaking down barriers and accomplishing anything you want.
Honorable mention: Charlotte's Web (2006)
2. The Black Stallion (1979)
If you saw this movie as a kid, you’ll love it now as much as you did back then. Adapted from the
children's book by Walter Farley, this exquisitely filmed family classic tells the story of Alec, a young
boy who survives a shipwreck and befriends an Arabian stallion on a deserted island. When they
return home, the unlikely duo finds success as a jockey and thunderbolt of a racehorse, coached by a
washed-up trainer played by Mickey Rooney, who won an Oscar for "Best Actor in a Supporting Role"
as a result. The story is great, but the cinematography steals the show. This film has been called "a
visual feast from start to finish." If you don’t love the breathtaking island scenes, your heart will pound
when you root for the "Mystery Horse" in the racing sequences.
Honorable mentions: Flicka (2006) for the sheer number of scenes including horses; National Velvet
(1944) starring a young Elizabeth Taylor and bonus Mickey Rooney sighting.
1. Old Yeller (1957)
It's not hip but even after 50 years, Old Yeller is still "the best doggone dog
in the West." That’s what earns it the top spot in our countdown. It's a simple story of a poor family
living on the Texas frontier in the 1860s, but told through a charming 1950s sensibility. The father is
away at work. The two boys banter, but mind their mother. And above all, everyone works hard. But
the heart of the story is the adorable love affair between Travis, the oldest son, and his beloved yellow
dog. The two see each other through thick and thin, until ultimately Travis must make a heart-
wrenching decision. It's not a happy ending, but there's something magical about this movie that
makes it worth it after all.
20 BEST MYSTERY MOVIES

1.
Trailer
Rear Window (1954)
Rear Window (1954)
*
* This movie sucked donkey balls
* This movie was horrible
* This movie was not good
* This movie was just so-so
* This movie was okay
* This movie was good
* This movie was awesome
* This movie kicked ass
3.31/4 Add to movie list
Language: English
Genre: Mystery/Thriller
MPAA rating: PG
Director: Alfred Hitchcock
Actors: James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Wendell Corey
Plot: A man confined to a wheel chair (James Stewart), has nothing to do except spy on his neighbors.
As time goes on, he is convinced they have committed murder.
2.
Trailer
Memento (2001)
Memento (2001)
*
Language: English
Genre: Mystery
MPAA rating: R
Director: Christopher Nolan
Actors: Guy Pearce, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano
Plot: A man who has no long term memory tries to piece together his life and finds things are not as
they seem.
3.
Trailer
North by Northwest (1959)
North by Northwest (1959)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG
Actors: Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint, James Mason
Plot: A advertising exec is chased cross country while he tries to clear his name in a government
mistake. In the end, he can't tell who is on his side.
4.
Trailer
Inception (2010)
Inception (2010)
*
Language: English
Genre: Action/Mystery
MPAA rating: PG-13
Actors: Leonardo DiCaprio, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Ellen Page
Plot: Dom Cobb is the best at what he does: he enters peoples minds in the dream state and steals
the valuable assets hidden inside the mind. This has made him incredibly popular in corporate
espionage, but at the expense of having an semblance of a normal life. Now Cobb is given one last job
- not to steal, but plant an idea, if he succeeds, he just may escape the game forever, but first he must
succeed.
5.
Trailer
Maltese Falcon, The (1941)
Maltese Falcon, The (1941)
*
Language: English
Genre: Mystery/Crime
MPAA rating: NR
Director: John Huston
Actors: Humphrey Bogart, Peter Lorre, Mary Astor
Plot: A private detective gets mixed up in a hunt for a valuable item. As he searches for the loot, plot
points are exposed.
6.
Trailer
The Green Mile (1999)
The Green Mile (1999)
*
Language: English
Genre: Drama/Mystery
MPAA rating: R
Director: Frank Darabont
Actors: Tom Hanks, Michael Clarke Duncan, David Morse
Plot: A wrongly convicted man sits on death row while the officers who guard him interact with him and
his powers.
7.
Trailer
The Usual Suspects (1995)
The Usual Suspects (1995)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: R
Director: Bryan Singer
Actors: Stephen Baldwin, Kevin Spacey, Benicio Del Toro
Plot: Five men are hauled into a New York jail for separate crimes but end up working together. The
police are trying to get to the bottom of who blew up a boat and killed almost all of the passengers, but
will they find out in time to arrest the right man?
8.
Trailer
Psycho (1960)
Psycho (1960)
*
Language: English
Genre: Horror/Mystery
MPAA rating: R
Actors: Janet Leigh, Anthony Perkins, Vera Miles
Plot: A woman goes missing after stealing money from her boss?s client. The last place she was seen
was at the Bates motel, run by a young, intriguing man.
9.
Vertigo (1958)
Vertigo (1958)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG
Actors: James Stewart, Kim Novak, Barbara Bel Geddes
Plot: A man with Vertigo investigates his old friend's wife to discover that she may be the cause of his
vertigo.
10.
Trailer
Prestige, The (2006)
Prestige, The (2006)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG-13
Actors: Christian Bale, Hugh Jackman, Michael Caine
Plot: Two rival magicians try to decode each others magic tricks when one of them develops the
ultimate trick and the other tries endlessly to discover the secret.
Top Mystery Movies, Best Mystery Movies
The Top Mystery Movies are calculated by overall movie ratings and members' "Top Mystery List"
(calculated daily). Best Mystery Movies of all time are shown below.
Choose your Genre:
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Rank Movie Name Your Rating Overall Add
11.
Trailer
Citizen Kane (1941)
Citizen Kane (1941)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG
Director: Orson Welles
Actors: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Comingore
Plot: A news conglomerate leader dies, leaving behind a mystery about his life, and how he became
the man he was. News reporters interview his acquaintances to find some kind of resolution.
12.
Trailer
Chinatown (1974)
Chinatown (1974)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: R
Director: Roman Polanski
Actors: Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway, John Huston
Plot: A private detective, who is investigating an affair, finds himself in the middle of a water problem.
13.
Trailer
L.A. Confidential (1997)
L.A. Confidential (1997)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: R
Director: Curtis Hanson
Actors: Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, Kevin Spacey
Plot: A rookie "do good" cop investigates murders and corruption in LA, while other cops do the same,
trying to figure out the shooter and the corruption.
14.
Trailer
Sunset Boulevard (1950)
Sunset Boulevard (1950)
*
Language: English
Genre: Mystery/Drama
MPAA rating: NR
Director: Billy Wilder
Actors: William Holden, Gloria Swanson, Nancy Olson
Plot: A screenwriter is desperate for a job, when he finds himself in front of a legendary silent film era
movie star. He writes script for her, but will it be good enough to make him famous? Or does he even
want to be famous?
15.
Trailer
Dial M for Murder (1954)
Dial M for Murder (1954)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG
Actors: Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings
Plot: A man develops the perfect plan to kill his wife. When it fails, he is left with his alternate plan...
16.
Trailer
Shutter Island (2010)
Shutter Island (2010)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: R
Director: Martin Scorsese
Actors: Leonardo DiCaprio, Mark Ruffalo, Ben Kingsley
Plot: US Marshal Teddy Daniels is sent to Boston's Shutter Island Ashecliffe Hospital to investigate a
patient's disappearance. Long seeking to get to the island for personal reasons, his promising
investigation is halted by the hospital blocking records. With a twisted doctor running things, and a
hurricane looming, Daniels soon begins to question the real reason why he's there.
17.
Trailer
The Third Man (1949)
The Third Man (1949)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG
Director: Carol Reed
Actors: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Trevor Howard
Plot: Supposedly, Harry Lime has died in a car accident. Previously he had invited one of his closest
friends to join him. His friend now must find out if the story is true and the mystery behind it.
18.
Trailer
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
*
Language: English
MPAA rating: PG
Director: Norman Jewison
Actors: Sidney Poitier, Rod Steiger, Warren Oates
Plot: A black man is sent to investigate a murder in a racist southern state, where is met with racism,
bigotry, and scrutiny.
19. The Big Lebowski (1998)

Director: Joel Coen
Actors: Jeff Bridges, Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi
Plot: A slob of a man with the same name as a more wealthier person is mistaken and has his rug
taken from him. With the help of his lazy friends, he tries to get his rug back.
20.Rope (1948)
Actors: James Stewart, John Dall, Cedric Hardwicke
Plot: A group of men strangle one of their friends and hide him in a closet, then invite guest over to test
how well they committed the crime - think they had achieved the perfect crime.

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The Most Excellent Order of the Sobriquets Of Places/Persons List Of Alcoholic Beverages

THE MOST EXCELLENT ORDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

* Which is the Granite City?-Aberdeen, Scotland

LIST OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

* Allen's Coffee Brandy

* Bulgarian rose liqueur—from the Valley of the Roses

* Aguardiente/Aguardente—Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Portugal

Other herbal liqueurs

* Advocaat (egg yolks and vanilla)

INDIAN ARMY REGIMENTS

Listed in the order of precedence :

* Brigade of the Guards

Armoured Regiments (62)

Units of the Regiment of Artillery

A few of the units of artillery are listed below:

* 9 Parachute Field Regiment

MOTHER TERESA QUOTES

Mother Teresa quotes (showing 51-100 of 157)

Mother Teresa quotes (showing 101-150 of 157)

(Come Be My Light, h. 39)”

James William Abert (USA, 1820-1897)

Antonio de Abreu (Portugal, dates unkown)

Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, Duke of the Abruzzi (Italy, 1873-1933)

Cristóbal de Acuña (Spain, 1597?-1676)

William Adams (England, 1575?-1620)

Aelius Gallus (Rome)

Jerónimo de Aguilar (Spain, 1489?-1531?)

Pedro de Aguirre (Spain, 1678-?)

Antón de Alaminos (Spain, dates unknown)

Hernando de Alarcón (Spain, 1500-?)

Charles Albanel (France, 1613/1616-1696)

Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal, 1453-1515)

Alexander the Great (Macedonia, 356-323 BC)

Ali Bey (also known as Domingo Badia, Spain)

Diego de Almagro (Spain, 1474?-1538)

Abdul Hassan ibn Ali Al-Mas'udi (Arabia, ca.890-957)

Lászlo Almásy (Hungary, ?-1951)

Hernando de Alvarado (Spain, dates unknown

Pedro de Alvarado (Spain, 1485?-1541)

Philip Amadas (England, 1550-1618)

Roald Amundsen (Norway, 1872-1928)

Antonio de Andrade (Portugal, 1580-1634)

Salomon August Andrée (Sweden, 1854-1897)

George Anson (England, 1697-1762)

Juan Bautista de Anza (Spain, 1736-1788)

Henryk Arctowski (Poland, 1871-1958)

William Ashley (USA, 1778?-1838)

John Jacob Astor (Germany (lived in USA), 1763-1848)

John James Audubon (France (lived in USA), 1785-1851)

João Afonso de Aveiro (Portugal, dates unknown)

Pedro Menendez de Aviles (Spain, 1519-1574)

Lucas Vásquez de Ayllon (Spain, ?-1526)

Fernando de Azcué (Spain, dates unknown)

George Back (England, 1796-1878)

William Baffin (England, 1584-1622)

Vasco Nuñez de Balboa (Spain, 1475?-1519)

Alfonso Gonçalves Baldaya (Portugal)

Sir Joseph Banks (England, 1743-1820)

Aleksandr Baranov (Russia, 1747-1819)

Willem Barentsz (Netherlands, 1550?-1597)

Arthur Barlowe (England, 1550?-1620)

Francis Barrallier (France)

Heinrich Barth (Germany, 1821-1865)