Classical Physics I (Spring 2015)

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PHY 131
Lecture 7
Continue Chapter 3

Vectors
Kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions

2/13/15 Lecture 7 1
 Are you here with your clicker set to channel 21?

1. Yes

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2/13/15 Lecture 7 2
 RE-CAP: Vectors and Trigonometry: Tools That Go Together
• Vectors – from mathematics – play an important role in physics
– VECTOR: Must have both a magnitude and a direction (usually units, too)
– examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, …
– SCALAR : non-directional quantities like distance, volume, mass, density, work,…

• To use vectors we need to specify a
y A=A vector A
“head”
reference system (axes for coordinates) or “tip”
– We start & develop the process graphically Ay
A

– Start out in “2d”: two dimensions (a plane)

 polar coordinates: A = (A,θ ) = θ
“toe” x
(length A, azimuthal angle θ ) or “tail” Ax
 rectilinear (Cartesian) coordinates: A = (Ax, Ay)
A in terms of unit vectors : =A A i + A j
x y

 Trigonometric relations to get “components”

Ax = Acosθ, Ay = Asinθ 
θ =arctan(Ay/Ax), A = (Ax2+Ay2)1/2 : Pythagorean Theorem

2/13/15 Lecture 7 3
 RE-CAP: Vector Kinematics: from Displacement to Velocity

2/13/15 Lecture 7 4
 RE-CAP: Vector Kinematics: from Velocity to Acceleration

2/13/15 Lecture 7 5
 A helicopter is flying horizontally at constant velocity. At
location A it drops a small heavy box. Which path does the box
follow? (Ignore air resistance.)
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. e

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2/13/15 Lecture 7 6
 RE-CAP: 2d Projectile Motion in Two Different Intertial Frames

We did a demonstration. Let’s do it again!

2/13/15 Lecture 7 7
 2d Projectile Motion with Equal Initial and Final Heights

2/13/15 Lecture 7 8
 What initial speed v0 produces a maximum level range of 100 m?

1. 5.60 m/s
2. 31.3 m/s
3. 980 m/s
4. Not enough information

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2/13/15 Lecture 7 9
 Two balls are thrown from the ground into the air at different
angles θ0 but reach the same height. Which one remains in
the air longer?
1. The one thrown with smaller θ0
2. The one thrown with larger θ0
3. They stay up for the same time
4. Not enough information

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2/13/15 Lecture 7 10
 Proof that 2d Projectile Motion is Parabolic

2/13/15 Lecture 7 11
 2d Projectile Motion with Unequal Initial and Final Heights

2/13/15 Lecture 7 12
 2d Projectile Motion with Unequal Initial and Final Heights

2/13/15 Lecture 7 13
 2d Projectile Motion in Two Different Intertial Frames
Our demonstration was similar to this!

Relative uniform motion along x. “Ground” says “cart” is moving at vx.

“Cart” says ground is moving at –vx. Note they are equal and opposite.
Now a similar example, but, perhaps, a bit less easy to visualize.
Problems with such a
figure typically ask to
solve for one or more of
the speeds (there are 3
speeds), or the angle θ,
when only some of that
information is in the
“problem statement”. We
need a general method.
2/13/15 Lecture 7 14
 Derivation of “Velocity Equation” for Two Different Intertial Frames

2/13/15 Lecture 7 15
 The “Pearl of Wisdom” for Velocity Equations

2/13/15 Lecture 7 16
 A Simple Application of the Previous Two Slides

2/13/15 Lecture 7 17
 Another Application from the Previous Problem

2/13/15 Lecture 7 18
 A Final Example Problem

2/13/15 Lecture 7 19