MALTA GAS PROJECT

FEASIBILITY STUDY (“EVALUATION”)

FINAL REPORT

INDEX

1. Introduction.

2. Executive Summary.

3. Gas Market Identification.

3.1. Macro Economic Energy Scenario.

3.2. Power Demand: Base Case.
3.3. Power Plants Despatching Model.
3.4. Gas Consumption for Power Generation: Base Case.
3.5. Gas Consumption for Other Uses.
3.6. Power Demand: High and Low Cases.
3.7. Total Gas Demand.

4. Power Generation System: Investment and O&M Costs.

4.1. Existing Generation Units: Costs of Conversion to Gas.

4.2. New CCGT units: Construction Programme and Budget Cost; Main Characteristics.
4.3. O&M Costs: Saving from Switching from Liquid Fuels to Natural Gas.
4.4. Electric Efficiencies: improvement from Switching from Liquid Fuels to Natural Gas.
4.5. LSFO Usable According to Environmental Regulations.

5. Gas Market Value.

5.1. Methodology.
5.2. Reference Energy Scenario.
5.3. Results.
5.3.1. Results According Energy to the Scenario Evolution.
5.3.2. Parametric Results.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 1
 6. Gas Lines Feasibility Study.

6.1. Scope of the Work.

6.2. Results of the Study.
6.2.1. Routes characterisation.
6.2.1.1. Sicilian Onshore Pipeline Section.
6.2.1.2. Offshore Pipeline Section.
6.2.1.3. Maltese Onshore Pipeline Section
6.2.2. Pipeline Hydraulic Simulation and Sizing.
6.2.2.1. Sicilian and Offshore Pipeline Sections.
6.2.2.2. Maltese Onshore Pipeline Section.
6.2.3. Costs Estimation.

7. Legal Framework and Tax Regime.

7.1. Research and Survey activities.

7.2. Construction of undersea pipeline terminal.
7.3. Setting up a limited liability company in Malta.
7.4. Domestic Tax Provisions.
7.5. Energy Charter Treaty.
7.6. Enemalta Corporation.

8. International Institutions Contributions.

9. Gas Sales Agreement – Outline of the Main Terms.

10. Final Considerations.

Enclosures:

1. Memorandum of Understanding.
2. Despatching Model Summary (2.1-2.5).
3. Despatching Model Iterations (3.01-3.11)
4. Gas Consumption High and Low Cases; Gas Consumption for Other Uses.
5. Gas Turbines Heat Rates.
6. Gas Market Value.
7. Pipelines Feasibility Studies (7.1-7.2).
8. Overview Onshore Italy.
9. Outline of Gas Supply Agreement.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 2
1. INTRODUCTION.

On January 11th, 2002 , Enemalta and Eni signed a Memorandum of Understanding (Encl. 1) in
order to jointly carry out the technical and economic Feasibility Study of the project to supply
natural gas to Malta (the “Malta Gas Project) by a submarine gas line (sealine) coming from Sicily.

The Feasibility Study goal is to assess the subject to the required level of detail in order to allow
both Parties to evaluate the opportunity to start negotiations for the definition of the Final
Agreements necessary to develop and to implement the Project.

The Feasibility Study dealt basically with two main issues:

- the definition of the quantities of natural gas to be supplied and of its market value;
- the technical feasibility and the investment costs of the pipelines to be built.

Other topics, such as the cost of conversion of existing power generation units to natural gas, the
present Maltese Legal Framework and Tax Regime related to the natural gas business and the Main
Terms characteristic of a Gas Sales Agreement, have been analysed .

The main results are synthesized in the Executive Summary and the single topics are analysed in
detail in the following chapters.

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2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.

a) Given the high construction cost of the pipeline when compared with the expected gas volumes
to be delivered to Malta, several assumptions where agreed at the beginning of the Study in order
to optimise the gas transport costs and therefore to improve the economic feasibility of the project.
The most important are:

• All the existing power generation units will be converted to natural gas fuel as soon as it will
be available;
• All the new power generation units will be natural gas fired CCGT’s;
• Liquid fuels for power generation to be considered only as back-up ones (all units will be
dual fuel ones for production security reasons);
• Only major Industrial & Commercial customers located near the pipeline will have the
opportunity to switch to gas;
• No gas supplies are foreseen for households .

Another basic assumption was that the cost of the gas fired power production in Malta won’t have
to be more expensive than by the alternative fuels.

b) Gas deliveries have been assumed to start on January 1st, 2005 and to last for 25 years up to the
end of 2029.
All the “physical” quantities have been considered to evolve until 2015 and then to remain
constant until 2029.

The power demand evolution considered is typical of a mature electricity market and varies in the
years between 2,5% an 1,5% .
The total country’s expected Gross Power Production rises consequently from 2.081 GWh in 2005
to 2.418 GWh in 2015 .
The related Consumption of Natural Gas in this period of time varies between a maximum of 575
Million cubic meters in 2008 and a minimum of 505 Million cubic meters in 2013 .

Table 1 . Expected Power Production and related Gas Consumption in Malta .

Malta Gas Project: Gas Consumption vs. Power Production

2.500 600

580
2.400
Gas Consump. [Msmc/y]
Power Produc. [GWh/y]

560
2.300

540

2.200

520

2.100
500

2.000
480

1.900 460
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Power Production Gas Consumption

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The above gas consumption has been computed according to the Enemalta’s three new CCGT’s
construction programme and by the agreed despatching model which establishes the production
“Merit Order” according to the units’ electric efficiency and takes into account specific
requirements of the electric system such as the spinning reserve and the minimum required
production per power station.

The three new CCGT’s are scheduled to start production in 2005, 2009 and 2013 respectively.
The decrease of the gas consumption in 2009 and 2013 respect to the previous years is the direct
consequence of the high efficiency (50%) of the new combined cycle being commissioned in those
two years and substituting old, less efficient steam units (efficiency less than 30%).

Table 2 . Expected Gas Consumption for Power Generation and overall Electricity Production
Efficiency in Malta .

Malta Gas Project: Gas Consumption & Electric Efficiency

600 50,0%
575
Gas Consump. [Mmc/y]

580 46,7% 46,6% 46,6%

565 566 45,0%
559
560 43,0% 43,7% 43,6% 43,6%

540 532 40,0%

37,4% 37,6% 38,0% 38,0%
524 521
516 516 513
520 505 35,0%
500
30,0%
480

460 25,0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Gas Consumption Average Efficiency

Gas consumption for other uses has been quantified as 18,5 Million cubic meters whose build up
will take several years.

Power generation has therefore confirmed to be the Malta Gas Project’s “Real Customer”.

A “High” and a “Low” Demand cases have been defined too.

Given the low power demand growth considered in the “Base Demand” case and the maturity of the
Maltese power market, the variations of the Gross Power Production and of the related Gas
Consumption are negligible in both cases (Power Production in 2015 would be 2.488 GWh in the
High Demand case and 2.363 GWh in the Low Demand one, versus 2.418 GWh in the Base
Demand case).

c) The fuels alternative to natural gas for power generation in Malta are fuel oil (for steam units)
and gasoil (for gas turbines equipped units).
The Market Value of Natural Gas in Malta has therefore been identified as the unit value of gas
(expressed in US$/MMBTU) which generates the same total expenditure that would be incurred by

FINAL REPORT.DOC 5
using fuel oil and gasoil for power generation, taking into account both the higher electric
efficiencies and the Operation & Maintenance savings deriving from the use of natural gas.

This approach is coherent with the assumption that the use of natural gas in Malta has not to lead to
higher costs respect to the alternative fuels utilisation and will represent a sound starting point for
the negotiation of the Final Agreements, if the Parties will decide to proceed with the development
of the Project.

Table 3. shows the gas market value in Malta computed for an Energy Scenario of the “Brent” oil
price varying between 19 and 22 US$/bbl, which is the expected range of oscillation of the Brent
price in the time period 2005-2015 . The computation refers to a fuel oil with a sulphur content of
0,5%.
The exact concentration to be taken into account will be determined during the implementation
phase of the Project. Sensitivities in the possible range of this parameter (0,25% ÷ 1%) have been
made.

Table 3.
MALTA GAS PROJECT - GAS VALUE AT PLANT FENCE (LSFO 0,5%)

5,00

4,80

4,60

4,40

4,20
U S D /M B TU

4,00

3,80

3,60

3,40

3,20

3,00
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

Years
Brent = 19 $/bbl Brent = 20 $/bbl Brent = 21 $/bbl Brent = 22 $/bbl

The increase in the gas value in 2009 and 2013 is due to the introduction of the new combined
cycles, which, as an alternative to natural gas, have to be gasoil fuelled. Each of them substitutes
part of the electric production by steam units which would use fuel oil, thus increasing the weight of
gasoil in the alternative fuels mix and consequently increasing the weighted average unit cost of
fuel .

d) The pipeline route from Italy to Malta has been identified after the execution of a seabed
bathymetric survey. It will start from Gela and, with a total length varying between 136 and 153
km, it will reach the Maltese coast at one of the three possible landfalls which have been identified.
Several technical alternatives for the sealine sizing have been defined. The most likely to be
adopted is the solution with a 16” nominal diameter pipeline with no compressor station at Gela.
Its investment cost will vary between about 79 and 87 (± 20%) Million USD, according to the
actual landfall which will be chosen.

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Two Maltese onshore pipeline routes have been identified, coherently with the above mentioned
landfalls. Their lengths vary between 13,1 and 14,4 km and the investment cost between 14 and 15
Million USD.

The total estimated investment cost, taking into account also development, financing and other costs
related to the project implementation (estimated as 4.5 Million USD), varies therefore between
about 99 and 106 Million USD.

e) The Gas Sales Agreement will be negotiated in case the Parties decide to proceed with the
project implementation. It is anyway envisaged that, in order to be consistent with the Project’s
needs and make it economically feasible, it will have to be a “Long Term - Take or Pay” one .

f) Some main observations can be made at the end of the this Feasibility Study, which should be
taken into consideration by the Parties while evaluating if and how to proceed with the Project
implementation:

i. From the technical point of view the construction of the gas lines doesn’t present
particular difficulties;

ii. The high construction costs of the pipelines, when compared to the volumes of gas to
be supplied, determine high specific transportation costs. These costs have to be
minimised in order to improve the economic feasibility of the Project.
In particular a substantial Grant from the International Institutions, as well as strong
financial support, will be necessary as well as the optimisation of the fiscal regime
applied;

iii. Following the issue of the “Natural Gas (Market) Regulations, 2002”, the specific
legislation for the gas sector (permitting, operations, commercial activities, fiscal
regime, ….), where necessary, will have to be completed in order to guarantee the
feasibility of the Project;

iv. The assumed construction programme of the new CCGT’s is of fundamental

importance for the Project. Any delay or change in it could require to shift the Project
implementation or could change significantly its economics and consequently its
economic feasibility for one or both the Parties.

v. Even if beyond the specific scope of this study, it has to be highlighted that, in order to
maximise the confidence in the Project’s feasibility by all the “actors” involved in it
(shareholders, institutions, lenders, …), the structure of the electricity prices in Malta
will have to be more cost reflective in the future.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 7
3. GAS MARKET IDENTIFICATION.

3.1. Macro Economic Scenario.

A reference Macro-economic scenario has been defined :

• Growth Rate: 2002 – 2010 2.5 % per year (real terms)

2011 – 2029 2.0 % per year (real terms)

• Yearly Inflation Rate to be used in the economic evaluations :

2003 = 2,1% ; 2004 = 2,0% ; 2005-2029 = 1,9%

• Euro/US$ Exchange Rate:

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010-2029

1,099 1,053 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 0,971 0,952

3.2. Power Demand: Base Case.

On the basis of the “maturity” of Maltese power market and of the above economic scenario, the
“base case” power demand forecast has been prepared.

Yearly growth rate (Electricity demand - final uses)

2002 2.5 %
2003 2.2 %
2004 2.0 %
2005 1.7 %
2006 – 2015 1.5%
2016 – 2029 0 % (no growth)

Electricity demand (final uses – starting level 2001) = 1510 GWh

Demand at plateau (final uses - from 2015 to 2029) = 1904 GWh

Starting from the demand forecast values, gross generation (including generation & distribution
losses, own uses and no-revenue sales) was computed year by year, under assumptions based on
historical data. Table 4 shows the results for 2005, 2010 and 2015.

Table 4. Power System Main Data Evolution .

(values in GWh/yr) 2005 2010 2015-2029

Final Demand 1638,88 1768,04 1904,08
Own Uses 124,88 112,27 120,91
Distribution Losses 317,62 365,10 393,19
Total Gross Production 2081,38 2245,41 2418,18

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3.3. Power Plants Despatching Model.

The Despatching Model has been run for the years from 2005 to 2015 on an hourly basis,
identifying the hourly production of each generation unit.

It takes into account:

- the daily peak demand and load curves (hourly gross capacity throughout the year);
- the technical constraints of the system;
- the required spinning capacity reserve;
- the generation units commissioning and decommissioning programme of Enemalta;
- the electric efficiency of each group, taking into account its actual load (the efficiency
considered is for natural gas fuelled units);
- the generation units expected availability.

The Despatching Model defines a Production Merit Order that, considering all the criteria exposed
above, determines the production priority on the basis of the single unit efficiency (from the most
efficient to the less efficient ones).

The new CCGT’s construction schedule considered in the Despatching Model provides that the
commissioning of the three new units will take place in 2005, 2009 and 2013 respectively .

All the significant details are summarised in Enclosure 2.1 ÷ 2.5 .

Enclosures 3.01 ÷ 3.11 contain the complete Despatching Model iterations for years from 2005 to
2015 .

3.4. Gas Consumption for Power Generation: Base Case .

Gas consumption for power generation is a direct output of the Despatching Model. It is computed
for each hour and for each unit according to the actual production of the single unit in that hour and
to its heat rate at such a load.
Gas consumption (total, per group and per site) is derived from these calculations in terms of total
yearly volumes and hourly modulation curves.

Table 5. Shows the total yearly gas consumption from 2005 to 2015.
Enclosure 2.1 reports all the details.

Table 5. Yearly Gas Consumption for power generation [Mscm/y].

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Consumption 559 565 566 575 516 516 524 532 505 513 521

The volumetric gas consumption has been derived from the expected average chemical composition
of the gas to be supplied to Malta, having the following energy content:

Net Calorific Value = 8.563 kcal/scm ; Gross Calorific Value = 9.470 kcal/scm .

FINAL REPORT.DOC 9
3.5. Gas Consumption for Other Uses .

According to the agreed scope of work, a first attempt to assess potential consumption of gas for
uses different from power generation has been made.

The approach in this case is based on an assumed “potential” substitution of natural gas for liquid
fuels, irrespective of the actual sector of use, of pricing/competitive elements and of customers’
location.
Preliminary figures have been obtained for a “base case” as well as for “High Demand” and “Low
Demand” cases, differences are obtained through different penetration rates (see Table 6.).
The level of liquid fuels demand, potentially suitable for substitution, corresponds to the present
consumption. No growth has been applied because :
1) the limited data available prevented to perform an appropriate analysis;
2) the volumes involved are so small that, even under the assumption of continuous growth,
constitute a fraction of potential demand in power generation.

Table 6. Gas Consumption for Other Uses .

Scenario Penetration Rate Volume
Base Case 25 % 18.5 Mill cu.m/yr
High Demand 40 % 28 Mill cu.m/yr
Low Demand 0% 0 Mill cu.m/yr

These volumes are assumed to be utilised with a load factor of 0.35 .

Details on this paragraph are reported in Enclosure 4.

3.6. Power Demand : High and Low Cases.

Two alternative cases (“High Demand” and “Low Demand“ respectively) have been prepared as a
first attempt to provide a range of possible results for discussion. The macro-economic scenario,
however, has not been changed (same GDP growth throughout the forecast period); the different
results derive from changes in the coefficients that link the power demand growth to the economic
growth.

The main results of this preliminary assessment are reported in Tables 7 and 8 :

Table 7. Power Demand Growth rate (final uses) in the alternative cases .

High Dem. Low Dem.

2002 2.5 % 2.4 %
2003 2.4 % 2.0 %
2004 2.2 % 1.7 %
2005 2.1 % 1.5 %
2006 – 2010 1.9 % 1.4 %
2011 – 2015 1.6 % 1.3 %
2016 – 2029 0 % (no growth) 0 % (no growth)

FINAL REPORT.DOC 10
Table 8. Power Production and related Gas Consumption in the alternative cases .
High Dem. Low Dem.

Demand at plateau (2015) : 1960 GWh/y 1861 GWh/y

Corresponding Gross
Production : 2488 GWh/y 2363 GWh/y

Corresponding gas
consumption (at plateau-
from year 2015) : 540 Mscm/y 509 Mscm/y

Details on this paragraph are reported in Enclosure 4.

3.7. Total Gas Demand.

Table 9. summarises the total gas demand at “plateau” level (2015).

Power generation confirms to be “the customer” of natural gas in Malta, accounting for over 95% of
the total consumption.

Given the maturity of the Maltese power market, the two sensitivity cases (High and Low) analysed
don’t affect significantly the quantities of gas to be supplied.

Table 9. Total Gas Demand in 2015 – High, Base and Low Cases .

Power Gener. Other Uses TOTAL

High Dem. 540 28.0 568 Mscm/y
Base Case 521 18.5 539.5 “
Low Dem. 509 0 509 “

4. POWER GENERATION SYSTEM: INVESTMENT AND O&M COSTS .

4.1. Existing Generation Units: Cost of Conversion to Gas.

The cost of conversion of the existing units has been estimated according to Enemalta’s knowledge
of its generation system and to recent quotations it has received for new/modified burners for low
particulates.

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These costs are presently estimated as shown in Table 10 .

Table 10 . Cost of the existing power units conversion to natural gas .

Conversion of CCGT n° 1 714.000 Euro

Conversion of CCGT n° 2 714.000 Euro

Conversion of Delimara boilers n° 1 & 2 952.000 Euro each

Conversion of Marsa boilers n° 5 & 6 476.000 Euro each

Conversion of Marsa boilers n° 7 & 8 976.000 Euro each

The above costs have been computed considering an Euro/Lm exchange rate of 2,38 .

The total conversion cost, to be borne within the first gas delivery date, is therefore estimated as
6.236.000 Euro .

The Marsa boilers n° 3 and 4 will not be converted to gas, being their decommissioning scheduled
for 2006 and 2007 respectively (see Encl. 2.1).

4.2. New CCGT units: Construction Programme and Budget Costs; Main Characteristics.

The new CCGT units are scheduled to start commercial operation in 2005, 2009 and 2013
respectively. The decommissioning of the Marsa steam units will be consistent with this
programme (for details see Enclosure 2.1) .

The budget cost for the construction of the new CCGT units is estimated to be between 90 and 110
Million Euro each .

These units will have a capacity of 110 MW each and will be equipped by two gas turbines each.
This choice, as already done for the existing combined cycle, is due to the necessity of maximising
the reliability of the whole power generation system, which is an isolated one.
The above configuration also allows a higher operational flexibility while maintaining high
generation efficiencies.

4.3. O&M Costs: Savings from Switching from Liquid Fuels to Natural Gas.

O&M costs of the existing steam units will not change significantly when operated by gas instead
by fuel oil. Therefore in the continuation of the Study their variations have been considered equal
to zero.

Savings in O&M costs for units equipped with gas turbines when operated by gas instead of gasoil
are expected. They are presently identified as:
• 70.000 Euro/(year x unit) for open cycle units;
• 550.000 Euro/(year x unit) for CCGT units.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 12
4.4. Electric Efficiencies: improvement from Switching from Liquid Fuels to Natural Gas.

No electric efficiency improvement is expected for steam units when switching from fuel oil to
natural gas as a fuel.

An improvement of about 1% , instead, takes place when gas turbines equipped units use natural
gas instead of gasoil, as can be seen in Enclosure 5. The reference gas turbine is the GE PG6541.
Its nominal Heat Rate passes from 10.970 Btu/kWh to 10.860 Btu/kWh .
Also nominal capacity increases of about 2% .

In the continuation of the Study the efficiency change has been assumed equal to 1% .

4.5. LSFO Usable According to the Environmental Regulations.

The exact maximum sulphur content of the fuel oil whose use will be permitted from 2005 has not
been definitively defined yet.

Three possible alternatives of sulphur content in the fuel oil have been identified and used for the
computation of the gas market value at Malta, as reported in the following chapter: 0,25% , 0,5% ,
1% .

5. GAS MARKET VALUE.

5.1. Methodology.

The fuels alternative to natural gas for power generation in Malta are fuel oil (for steam units) and
gasoil (for gas turbines equipped units).
The Market Value of Natural Gas in Malta has therefore been identified as the unit value of gas
(expressed in US$/MMBTU) which generates the same total expenditure that would be incurred by
using fuel oil and gasoil for power generation, taking into account the higher electric efficiencies
and the Operation & Maintenance savings deriving from the use of natural gas.

The gas market value has been computed in three alternative scenarios considering a sulphur
content in the fuel oil of 0,25% , 0,5% , 1% , respectively.

Enclosure 6 contains the computation algorithm.

The total expenditure generated by the use of liquid fuels has been computed as follows:

a. The gas volumes to be used, year by year, by GT equipped units and by steam units have
been derived from the Despatching Model;
b. The quantities of gasoil and fuel oil necessary in the liquid fuels scenario have been
consequently computed taking into account the generation efficiency difference of the gas
turbine equipped units (when fuelled by gasoil instead of by natural gas) and the specific
heating values of the various fuels;

FINAL REPORT.DOC 13
 c. The total cost of the liquid fuels per each year (expressed in US$) has been calculated
multiplying the respective yearly quantities by the fuels’ unit costs, derived by the adopted
Energy Scenario, in that year;
d. The savings in O&M have been computed, per each year, according to the number of Open
Cycle GT and of CCGT units installed in that year and applying the Inflation Rate defined in
point 3.1. They have been converted in US$ utilising the yearly exchange ratio defined
in point 3.1. ;
e. The total yearly expenditure has been computed, on a yearly basis, as the sum of the total
costs referred to in point c. and of the savings defined in point d. ;
f. The gas market value has been defined by dividing, again year by year, the total yearly
expenditure of point e. by the energy content of the volume of gas to be utilised in the
specific year. The gas market value is expressed in US$/MMBTU and is referred to its
gross calorific value.

5.2. Reference Energy Scenario.

The Reference Energy Scenario (Enclosure 6 – Energy Scenario) links, year by year, the prices of
the liquid fuels to the expected “Brent Spot price” .
All prices are expressed in nominal terms; the liquid fuels prices are expressed in US$ per metric
ton and considered as delivered in the Mediterranean on a CIF basis; the Brent price is in US$/bbl.
The Reference Energy Scenario adopted is sourced from Eni’s Economic and Energy Reference
Scenario, March 2002 .

A substantial stability of the oil prices is foreseen: the Brent price oscillates between 19 and 22
US$/bbl in the period 2005 ÷ 2015 .

5.3. Results

The gas market value, computed on a yearly basis, has been has been worked out in two different
ways:

- Utilising, for each year, the expected prices of the liquid fuels in that year. This shows the
expenditure to be most likely born ;

- On a “parametric” basis, that is to say considering a constant energy scenario (constant prices)
over the entire time period considered. This is a “sensitivity analysis” giving the value of gas in
the various years as the consequence of the “assumed” the oil prices.

5.3.1. Results according to the Energy Scenario Evolution.

They are shown in the “Gas Value Energy Scenario x%” sheets of Enclosure 6, where x%
represents the fuel oil sulphur content used in the specific computation.
The variations in the gas value are due to the joint effect of the oil product prices fluctuations and of
the weight of fuel oil and of gasoil in the reference fuels basket.
Fuel oil accounts for about 50% in the first years. Due to the commissioning of the new CCGT’s,
to their priority in the production merit order and to the decommissioning of the old steam units, it
becomes about 5% in 2015, gasoil accounting for the remaining 95% .

FINAL REPORT.DOC 14
5.3.2. Parametric Results.

They are shown in the “Graph by Energy Price@Plantx%” sheets of Enclosure 6.

The Brent prices considered to compute the gas value at Malta are 19, 20, 21, 22 US$/bbl.
The fuel oil and gasoil prices related to each Brent price are computed as the arithmetic average of
their specific prices in the years when, in the Reference Energy Scenario between 2002 and 2015,
the Brent has that specific price .

The Parametric Lines, besides representing a sensitivity analysis of the gas value versus the Brent
price, show more clearly the influence, on the gas value, of the variations of the liquid fuels relative
weights.

The yearly small variations of the gas value are due both to the optimisation of the generation
system utilisation and to the inflation applied to O&M savings.
The large variations are given by the entering in operation of the new combined cycles in 2009 and
2013. These significant increases in the unit value of gas are counterbalanced by the sharp
decrease of the gas volumes utilised for power generation.
After 2015, having all the physical quantities been frozen, the small increase of the gas value is
solely due to the inflation on O&M savings.

6. GAS LINES FEASIBILITY STUDY.

6.1. Scope of the Work.

The expected results of subject feasibility study were the following:

• Routes characterisation
• Pipelines hydraulic simulation and sizing
• Costs estimation

The feasibility study was awarded, in two separate phases, to Snamprogetti, the engineering
Company of Eni Group.

6.2. Results of the Study

6.2.1. Routes Characterisation

6.2.1.1. Sicilian Onshore Pipeline Section

Different alternative routes in the Sicilian onshore section have been studied, taking into
consideration economical requirements and technical rules and standards, as well as fully
respecting the existing national and territorial restrictions (basic laws, environmental laws, town
planning) .
The studied pipeline routes and the relevant plants locations are shown, as an overview, in the
attached aerial photo (Enclosure 8), where the connection between the Italian gas system ( in
correspondence of the landing point of the so called “ Green Stream “ pipeline ) and the one for
Malta can be seen.
In the most significant solution, the connection is made by a DN 16” pipeline, about 1 km
long (plus one metering station and a trap station).

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6.2.1.2. Offshore Pipeline Section

Three alternative routes have been identified for the offshore pipeline, corresponding to three
possible landfalls in Malta, (Figures 1 and 2):

• Alternative 1: From Gela to Kalanka Tal Gidien on the eastern coast of the Malta Island.
The total length of this alternative is about 149 km.
• Alternative 2: From Gela to Sala Rock in the northern coast of the Malta Island. The total
length of this alternative is about 136 km.
• Alternative 3: From Gela to Delimara Power Station in the Marsaxlokk bay. The total
length of this alternative is about 153 km.

The routes have been defined after having executed a bathymetric survey which has permitted to
obtain detailed information about geomorphologic and litho-logical features of the seabed and to
collect the basic data for the evaluation of the pipeline feasibility and for the identification of the
most promising route.

The three alternatives follow a common route from KP 0 to approx. KP 114, where the
alternative 2 (northern route) detaches from the other ones. The alternatives 1 and 3 (southern
routes) are coincident also from kp 114 to kp 140.

The pipeline routes have been optimised on the basis of the information collected during the
bathymetric survey. Details of bathy-morphological and geo-technical results, maritime
boundaries and human activities and installations are reported in section 4 of Snamprogetti’s
study (Enclosure 7.1).

The optimised pipeline routes present the major problems mainly in the Maltese shore approach
areas as explained in detail in the Feasibility Study.

Human activities in the Maltese approach areas have been considered in the route optimisation.

Considering:

- the geo-morphological characteristics of each shore approach;

- the human activities ( such as fishing, anchoring, ships waiting/bunkering) in the shore
approaches areas;
- the available information about restricted areas;

and taking into account:

- the ships traffic;
- the envisaged authority requirements during the pipeline installation phase:

the Alternative 2 route, approaching Sala Rock landfall, appears to be the most attractive
among the ones inspected.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 16
 Fig. 1 – Italy-Malta Sealine Location map.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 17
 Fig. 2 – Restricted sea areas at Malta.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 18
6.2.1.3. Maltese onshore pipeline section

The main objectives of the study are to define the pipeline routes to convey the natural gas to
Enemalta power stations, located at Delimara and Marsa, as well as to make available the natural
gas for potential marketing in the Island.

Different alternative routes have been studied taking into consideration economical and technical
requirements as well as public safety and respecting of the territorial restrictions.

Two pipeline route options have been investigated, considering the three different shore
approaches locations described in point 6.2.1.2. (see Figure 3. ; Enclosure 7.2 provides all the
details):

OPTION 1 (Overall aerial photo map 1:15.000 scale, drawing no 00-LB-C-81201): it provides
for the NPS 16 pipeline shore approach near Sala Rock (N-E Malta).

OPTION 2 (Overall aerial photo map 1:15.000 scale, drawing no 00-LB-C-81205): it provides
for the two shore approaches alternatives in Delimara Peninsula (S-E- Malta), such as:

Alternative A: at Il Kalanka Tal-Gidien bay, S-E of Delimara peninsula.

Alternative B: between Fort Delimara and Delimara Lighthouse, S-W of Delimara

peninsula, inside the Marsaxlokk bay.

Fig. 3 – Maltese onshore routes.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 19
OPTION 1:
The route has been split in three different sections:
• First: It includes the section from the shore approach at Sala Rock to the
landfall terminal station located N-W Marsascala. The total length of this
section is about 1.690 m and the pipeline diameter is 16 NPS (16 inches);
• Second: This section includes the pipeline route from downstream the
landfall terminal station up to inside Delimara power station. The total
length of this branch is about 4.660 m and the pipeline diameter is 10 NPS;
• Third: This section is the most challenging of the whole pipeline route
requiring two new tunnels, the re-using of the last section of the existing
Marsaxlokk -Has Saptan – Ras Hanzir tunnel and the crossing of the Grand
Harbour. The total length of this branch is about 8.085 m and the pipeline
diameter is 10 NPS.

OPTION 2:
The main objective was to reach Marsa power station using, as far as possible, the existing or
under construction tunnels.
This design approach has led to take into consideration three potential route solutions downstream
the Delimara power station, such as:
a) Installation of the gas pipeline inside the existing Marsaxlokk -Has Saptan – Ras
Hanzir tunnel from the entry point located in the Marsaxlokk Bay up to its exit
point at Ras Hanzir;
b) Installation of the gas pipeline inside the “Delimara-Marsa tunnel”, still under
construction;
c) A pipeline route which combines the open trench route solution with the re-
using, where possible, of the existing Marsaxlokk -Has Saptan – Ras Hanzir
tunnel to reach Marsa power station.

On the basis of the route desk study results and of the data gathered during the site
reconnaissance visit, solutions a) and b) have been abandoned.

Option 2-c) route solution, includes two different sections:

1. Section 1: a NPS 16 pipeline from the shore approach to Delimara landfall

terminal station (inside the Delimara Power station area)

2. Section 2: a NPS 14 from the Delimara landfall terminal station to Marsa power
station.

Section 1 envisages two alternative shore approaches in Delimara Peninsula (S-E

Malta):

- Alternative A: at Il Kalanka Tal-Gidien bay, S-E of Delimara peninsula .

- Alternative B: between Fort Delimara and Delimara Lighthouse, S-W of

Delimara peninsula, inside the Marsaxlokk.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 20
 Immediately after the shore approach, the two alternatives originate a single route
solution which reaches the Delimara power station where the landfall terminal plant
is provided.

The total pipeline length of Section 1 Alternatives is almost the same, varying from
2.000 m (Alternative A) to 1.740 m (Alternative B).

The total pipeline length for Section 2 is about 11.323 m.

The Landfall Terminal Station will be provided at Delimara power station, having the
same dimensions and facilities as per Option 1 route solution.
From the terminal landfall station, to reach Marsa power station, no other route
solutions are possible apart from following almost the same route solutions studied in
Option 1- Sections 2 and 3.

Option 1 route solution appears as the route which better optimises the hydraulic
configuration of the system as well as the main objectives of the study, such as:

- To minimise the length of the offshore section and the overall cost of the gas
infrastructures needed to supply the Maltese natural gas market.

- To locate the shore approach in a low environmental impact area.

- To allow the connection of both the power stations and to predispose the future
expansion of gas market in the Island.

On the other hand, Option 2 requires:

• A larger pipeline diameter (i.e., NPS 14 vs. NPS 10).

• A significantly larger extension of the pipeline offshore section length (about 13

km for Alternative A and about 16.4 km for Alternative B).

• Shore approaches location in important environmental areas.

The two route options have almost the same cost. The main difference is due to the
total onshore pipeline length (i.e., 13.3 km of Option 2 vs. 14.4 km of Option 1). But,
if we consider also the length and the cost of the offshore section, Option 1
becomes the most cost effective route.

6.2.2. Pipeline Hydraulic Simulation and Sizing

6.2.2.1. Sicilian and Offshore Pipeline Sections

The data considered for the sizing of the gas transmission system are, basically, the following:

- Maximum flow rates 2,31 M(scm)/day (to which corresponds a

max annual volume of about 550 M(scm)/y)
“ “ about 120.000 scm/hour

FINAL REPORT.DOC 21
 - Min delivery pressure to power stations 30 barg

Pipeline hydraulics simulations for the South (alternatives 3 and 1) and North (alternative 2)
profiles were performed.

The pipeline diameters investigated in the hydraulic simulations and the project requirements are
summarised below:
a) Nominal diameter equal to 16” and pressure at Gela equal to 55 barg. Minimum
pressure at Delimara > 30 barg;
b) Nominal diameter equal to 12¾” and minimum pressure at Delimara greater
than 35 barg. For this case, a compressor station at Gela is necessary;
c) Nominal diameter equal to 18” and pressure at Gela equal to 55 barg. Minimum
delivery pressure at Delimara > 35 barg;
d) Nominal diameter equal to 14” and minimum pressure at Delimara equal to the
relevant one of case c). For this case, a compressor station at Gela is necessary;

From the hydraulic simulation results it can be seen that:

• a 16 inches pipeline assures a pressure at Delimara greater than 30 barg also

during the maximum flow-rate demand;

• an 18 inches pipeline assures a pressure at Delimara greater than 35 barg (the

minimum pressure is 42.5 barg).

6.2.2.2. Maltese onshore pipeline section

The pipeline sizing has been performed considering the overall transportation system( i.e.
including in the calculations the off-shore section ) by assuming the following design data and
constraints:
• Delivery pressure at Gela: 55 barg
• Total flow rate 2,30 Mm3/d
of which 1,30 Mm3/d at Delimara
(max about 67800 m3/h )

“ 1,00 Mm3/d at Marsa

(max about 52200 m3/h )

• Minimum delivery pressure to power stations 30 barg

The basic results are the following:

• Confirmation of the 16 inches diameter for the sea-line;
• On shore section:
Option 1: NPS=103/4 inches
Option 2: NPS=14 inches

FINAL REPORT.DOC 22
6.2.3. Costs Estimation

The Investment cost estimations of the more probable technical solutions to be adopted for the
connection Italy – Malta are shown in Table 11 (in which the investment costs are expressed in
2002 USD, with an accuracy of ± 20% and considering a USD/Euro rate of exchange equal to one):

a) The investment cost for the sea-line (including the Italian onshore section) could vary from
about 79 to 87 Million USD, according to the final configuration of the gas transmission system
that will be chosen, also considering the results of the feasibility study relevant to the Maltese
on-shore section.

b) The investment cost estimation of the Maltese on-shore section varies between about 15 and 14
Million USD, as a consequence of the Option considered.

c) The cost estimations worked out by Snamprogetti have to be completed considering the
development, financing and other costs borne by the Project sponsors to implement it.
These costs, at this stage, can be estimated to be 4.5 Million USD for all the possible solutions.

d) The operational costs of the gas lines have been estimated to be included in the range shown in
Table 11 .

More technical details are given in the Feasibility Studies by Snamprogetti.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 23
Table 11. Sicily to Malta Gas Pipelines - Costs Estimation
(Million USD)
Gela-Delimara Gela-Sala Rock
(alt. South ) (alt. North )
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (b)

Sealine 85,8 77,6

( 152,6 km - 16" ) ( 136 km - 16" )

Onshore Sicily (a) 1,6 1,6

Onshore Malta 14,1 14,9

( 13,1 km - 16"/14" ) ( 14,4 km - 16"/10" )

Owner's Costs 4,5 4,5

____________ ____________
TOTAL 106,0 98,6

OPERATIONAL COSTS (c)

Sealine+ Onshore Italy year Minimum Maximum

1 0,20 0,40
2 0,20 0,40
Start of Commercial Operations 3 1,23 1,71
4 1,23 1,71
5 1,53 2,11
6 0,78 1,14
7 0,78 1,14
8 0,78 1,14
9 1,23 1,71
10 0,78 1,14
11 1,08 1,54
12 0,78 1,14
13 1,23 1,71
14 0,78 1,14
15 0,78 1,14
16 0,78 1,14
17 1,53 2,11
18 0,78 1,14
19 0,78 1,14
20 0,78 1,14
21 1,23 1,71
22 1,48 1,94
23 1,08 1,54
24 0,78 1,14
25 1,23 1,71
26 0,78 1,14
27 0,78 1,14

Onshore Malta ( USD/year) 55.000 55.000

(a): Including a connection N.D. 16" - 1,1 km

(b): MUSD - Costs 2002 constant, accuracy +/-20%
(c): Costs 2002, constant

FINAL REPORT.DOC 24
7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND TAX REGIME.

This chapter covers the legislation, regulations and Government Ministries and Authorities relevant
to every stage of the Malta Gas Project.

The information is listed chronologically, covering each stage of the project.

7.1. Research and Survey activities

Malta is a signatory to the United Nations convention on the Law of the Sea.

Article 40 of this Convention states that:

‘During transit passage foreign ships, including marine scientific research and hydrographic survey
ships, may not carry out any research or survey activities without the prior authorization of the
states bordering straits.’

The authority to be contacted for authorization is the

Oil Exploration Department
Auberge de Castille
Valletta CMR 02
Tel. (+356) 21 237 921 Fax (+356) 21 246 015
E-mail (Director): godwin.debono@gov.mt

The contact person in this Department is Dr. Godwin Debono, Director, Oil Explorations.

7.2. Construction of undersea pipeline terminal.

(a) The Malta Resources Authority

Any activity related to the importation, distribution and supply of natural gas requires authorization
by the Malta Resources Authority.

The Natural Gas (marketing) Regulations 2002, which will be in force by the end of the year, are a
transposition of Directive 98/30/EC concerning rules for the internal market in Natural Gas.

These Regulations state inter alia that the MRA shall receive applications and grant authorizations
to build and/or operate such natural facilities pipelines and associated equipment within the
territory of Malta.

The EU Directive was transposed to the degree that as a member state Malta would qualify as an
‘emergent market’. Consequent Article 4, Article 18 (1), (2), (3), (4) and (6) at the Directive were
not transposed and do not form part of the Regulations.

The Malta Resources Authority may be contacted at:

Address: Block A
Floriana CMR 02

FINAL REPORT.DOC 25
Tel. Nos. 22 997 709

Fax No. 22 997 705

Website: http://www.mra.org.mt

E-mail: chairman@mra.gov.mt

Chairman: Mr. Joseph N. Tabone, K.M., C.P.P.A., F.I.A, F.C.I.B., F.C.I.F., F.B.I.M.

Director (Energy): Ms. Phyllis Farrugia

(b) The Malta Environment and Planning Authority

Both the laying of the gas-pipeline on the sea-bed of Malta’s territorial waters and the construction
of the installation are subject to the authority of the Malta Environment and Planning Authority.

The overlying legislation is the Development Planning Act, 1992, Chapter 356 of the Laws of
Malta. This act provides that no development shall be carried out without the permission of the
Authority, and subject to the various provisions of the Act and any regulations arising there from.

According to Legal Notice 86 of 2002, the Development Control Commission (Types of

Applications) Regulations 2002 applications for construction of infrastructure and utilities projects
are dealt with by Division A of the Development Control Commission of the Authority.

This commission carries out those functions of the Authority in relation to development control,
which the Authority may from time to time delegate to it and require it to perform, subject to such
conditions as the Authority may deem appropriate. This Commission is delegated to take decisions
on applications falling mainly in white areas, villa development, major projects and applications
falling outside the development zone.

The Chairman of the Commission is currently Mrs. Catherine Galea M.Q.R. B.Sc. (Eng) B.A.
(Arch) A & CE

Malta Environment and Planning Authority

St. Francis Ravelin
Floriana

Website: www.mepa.org.mt

(c) Utilities and services (Regulation of Certain Works) Act – Chapter 81 of the Laws of
Malta.

This Act regulates the way utilities may acquire rights of use of public and private property in
order to provide their services.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 26
7.3. Setting up a limited liability company in Malta.

The authority in this case is the Malta Financial Services Authority and the overriding legislation is
the Companies Act. 1995, Chapter 386 of the Laws of Malta.

The Companies Act is broadly in line with European practice. The provisions in the Act for the
formation of a company and matters incidental thereto are the following.

i. A company requires to be validly constituted under the Act, and this requires a Memorandum
of Association entered into and subscribed by at least two persons, and a certificate of
regulation is issued in respect thereof.

ii. The Act naturally distinguishes between a private and a public company but the requirements
for the contents of its Memorandum of Association are the same, and in line with international
law and practice.

iii. The authorized share capital of a company shall be not less than twenty thousand Maltese Liri
subscribed by at least two persons in the case of a public company; or not less than five
thousand Maltese Liri subscribed by at least two persons in the case of a private company.

iv. In the case of a public company, not less than twenty-five per cent and in case of a private
company not less than twenty per cent of the nominal value of each share shall be paid up on
the signing of the Memorandum.

The Malta Financial Services Authority, may be contacted at:

Dr. A. Bartolo LL.D

Registrar of Companies

Registry of Companies
Malta Financial Services Authority
Attard, Malta

Tel: (+356) 21 441 155

E-mail: registry@mfsa.com.mt
Fax: (+356) 21 441 195

7.4. Domestic Tax Provisions

i. Under Malta’s tax system a company is considered registered in Malta if it is incorporated in

Malta or, in the case of a foreign body or persons, if its control and management are exercised
in Malta. The company rate of tax is 35% on chargeable income. Malta operates the full
imputation system of taxation and any tax paid by the company is imputed to the shareholder
in the event of a dividend distribution.

ii. Maltese resident companies are considered to be in the same group of companies if one is the
subsidiary of the other or both are subsidiaries of a third company resident in Malta. A
company is considered a subsidiary of another company if the parent company owns more
then fifty per cent of the ordinary share capital and voting rights of the subsidiary and is
entitled to more than fifty per cent of the profits available for distribution.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 27
iii. Under current Value Added Tax regime LPG in cylinders is subject to a rate of 15 per cent.
This tax is borne by Enemalta and is not passed to the consumer. Enemalta is entitled to claim
back VAT paid in its own purchases.

iv. Malta has a Double taxation Agreement in force with Italy.

7.5. Energy Charter Treaty

Malta is a signatory to the Energy Charter Treaty.

7.6. Enemalta Corporation

Enemalta Corporation is a government-owned public corporation established by the Enemalta Act,

Chapter 272 of the Laws of Malta.

As a body corporate it has a distinct legal personality and is capable of entering into contracts and to
carry out any transaction for the purpose of the importation, distribution and supply of natural gas.

The Government Ministry responsible for Enemalta Corporation is the Ministry for Economic
Services.

8. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS.

The sea-line high investment cost and the low “load factor” of the gas customers determine high gas
transport costs.
A substantial Grant from the International Institutions, as well as strong financial support, will
therefore be necessary.

The Malta Gas Project has been included in the National Development Plan that Malta presented to
the EU.

A preliminary check with EU officials showed the possibility to obtain a contribution for the
pipeline construction either from “regional” or from “network completion” funds. The Maltese
membership of the EU has been confirmed to be a pre-condition.

9. GAS SALES AGREEMENT – OUTLINE OF THE MAIN TERMS.

According to the Memorandum of Understanding, the negotiation of the various agreements

necessary for the implementation of the Malta Gas Project is beyond the Feasibility Study’s scope.
Such “Final Agreements” will be negotiated between the Parties after they have evaluated the
Feasibility Study outcomes and in the event they determine that the Project is technically and
economically feasible and decide to proceed.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 28
Nevertheless some considerations have been done in order to outline the main terms of the most
important agreement to be negotiated during the Project implementation phase.
Such terms don’t constitute a preliminary negotiation. They have been discussed in order to make
available to both the Parties, for their evaluations, which are the main conditions to be incorporated
into a gas sales agreement in order to reflect the characteristics of the Project and , ultimately, to
make it feasible.

It can be qualified as a “Long Term – Take or Pay” one, where:

- “Long Term” means that the agreement lasts for many years (e.g. 25 years);
- “Take or Pay” means an obligation of the Buyer to offtake, or to pay if not taken, a
minimum quantity of natural gas on a yearly basis.

Such characteristics are necessary, inter alia, in order to allow the return of the dedicated pipeline
investment.

The Price Structure of the natural gas to be made available is comprised of :

- A Commodity Charge, expressed in Euro or USD/MMBTU. It is due and payable for the
quantities of natural gas delivered and taken or to be paid according to the “Take or Pay”
clause.
- A Capacity Charge which is a fixed yearly term, partly escalated, to be paid independently
from the quantity of gas offtaken and related to the investment and operational costs.

An outline of a gas sales agreement main terms and of the Price Structure is reported in Enclosure 9

10. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS.

Some main observations can be made at the end of the this Feasibility Study, which should be taken
into consideration by the Parties while evaluating if and how to proceed with the Project
implementation:

a) From the technical point of view the construction of the gas lines doesn’t present
particular difficulties;

b) The high construction costs of the pipelines, when compared to the volumes of gas to be
supplied (also due to the low load factor of the consumers), determine high specific
transportation costs. These costs have to be minimised in order to improve the economic
feasibility of the Project.
In particular a substantial Grant from the International Institutions and a strong financial
support will be necessary, as well as the optimisation of the fiscal regime applied;

c) Following the issue of the “Natural Gas (Market) Regulations, 2002”, the specific
legislation for the gas sector (permitting, operations, commercial activities, fiscal regime,
….), where necessary, will have to be completed in order to guarantee the feasibility of the
Project;

d) The assumed construction programme of the new CCGT’s is of fundamental importance

for the Project. Any delay or change in it could require to shift the Project implementation

FINAL REPORT.DOC 29
 or could change significantly its economics and consequently its economic feasibility for
one or both the Parties;

e) Even if beyond the specific scope of this study, it has to be highlighted that, in order to
maximise the confidence in the Project’s feasibility by all the “actors” involved in it
(shareholders, institutions, lenders, …), the structure of the electricity prices in Malta will
have to be more cost reflective in the future.

FINAL REPORT.DOC 30