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Pediatric Emergency Care • Volume 00, Number 00, Month 2015 www.pec-online.com 1
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
Dehghankhalili et al Pediatric Emergency Care • Volume 00, Number 00, Month 2015
RESULT
TABLE 1. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of
Envenomed Children
Epidemiology
Variable Value Three hundred fifty-one questionnaires were completed for
stung children who were admitted to our referral center in 2011.
Total number 350
Accidents happened year-round, but it was more frequent in warm
Mean age (±SD) 5.75 (±4.546) months. The mean (±SD) age of victims were 5.75 (±4.54). The
Sex rate of envenomation was approximately similar in both sexes
Male 209 (59.5%) (59.5% boys; 40.5% girls). The mean period between sting occur-
Female 142 (40.5%) rence and admission to hospital was 8.86 (±15.2) hours. We
Interval between sting and admission, h 8.86 (±15.2) recorded the site of sting in 11 groups, as illustrated in Table 1.
Site of sting Stings occurred more frequently in lower and upper extremities,
Sole to knee 94 (26.8%) and the least frequencies belong to surface of abdomen (3.1%)
Hand 61 (17.4%) and thorax (4.8%) (Table 1).
Finger 47 (13.4%)
Leg 34 (9.7%) Clinical Findings
Head and neck 25 (7.1%) Systemic symptoms were more frequent compared with the
Forearm 21 (6.0%) local signs. The most frequent systemic symptoms were reported
as: cardiac signs (95.4%), vomiting (67.2%), hematuria (53%),
Back 21 (6.0%)
and urine discoloration (43.9%). Also, the most common local
Thorax 17 (4.8%) signs among the patients were: pain (37.3%), erythema (34.2%),
Abdomen 11 (3.1%) edema (33.9%), and cyanosis (16.8%). Some symptoms such as
Symptoms induration (0.3%), incontinence (0.6%), hypertension, hyperosto-
Cardiac signs 335 (95.4%) sis, tachypenea, and blister (0.9%) were rarely reported (Table 1).
Vomiting 236 (67.2%) Vital signs of the patients were recorded at the time of admis-
Urine coloration 154 (43.9%) sion, including: pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, diastolic
Pain 131 (37.3%) blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. Tachypnea was usual
Nausea 120 (34.2%) among patients with a rate of 87.0%. Although tachycardia was a
Erythema 120 (34.2%) common symptom 58.9%, bradycardia was rare (1.2%). Most of
the victims had normal blood pressure. Hypotension was also
Edema 119 (33.9%)
seen in some of the patients, but hypertension was approximately
Distress 107 (30.5%) rare. Fever was seen in a few patients (3.9%) Temperature was
Headache 69 (19.7%) mostly normal (Table 2).
Cyanosis 59 (16.8%)
Vertigo 50 (14.2%) Laboratory Findings
Sweating 26 (7.4%) Laboratory analysis was conducted for all stung children,
Cachexia 24 (6.8%) which consisted of urinalysis and blood test. Urinalysis records
Cellulitis 24 (6.8%)
Necrosis 11 (3.1%)
Chills 11 (3.1%) TABLE 2. Vital Signs of Stung Children on Admission
Photophobia 10 (2.8%)
Malaise 8 (2.3%) Vital Signs n (%)
Convulse 7 (2.0%) Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg
Blister 3 (0.9%) Hypotension, % 28 (7.9%)
Hyperstasis 3 (0.9%) Normal, % 319 (91.1%)
Incontinence 2 (0.6%) Hypertension, % 13 (1.0%)
Induration 1 (0.3%) Diastolic blood pressure
Hypotension, % 38 (10.9%)
Normal, % 298 (85.1%)
recorded in the questionnaire. Patients were usually discharged Hypertension, % 14 (4.0%)
after 24 hours by physician's permission or patients' consents. Af- Respiratory rate
ter 24 hours from discharge of patients, we asked them about any Tachypnea 294 (87.0%)
probable symptoms, by phone call. Normal 44 (13.0%)
Pulse rate
Statistical Analysis Bradycardia 4 (1.2%)
Normal 142 (40.6%)
Data were prospectively entered into a computer database Tachycardia 204 (58.2%)
and was further analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Temperature
Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) version 16. Descriptive statis- Hypothermia 1 (0.3%)
tics was used for analysis. Data were reported as mean ± SD and Normal 335 (95.8%)
proportions as appropriate. The results were compared to several Fever 14 (3.9%)
national and international studies.
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
Pediatric Emergency Care • Volume 00, Number 00, Month 2015 Pediatric Scorpion Stings in Southern Iran
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
Dehghankhalili et al Pediatric Emergency Care • Volume 00, Number 00, Month 2015
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