ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [1]

Class 4
Roman Numerals
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Answer the questions

(1) What is the difference of 67 and 35 in roman numerals?

(2) How many basic numerals are there in the Roman number system?
(3) Add the Roman Numeral IV to IV.
(4) In Roman Number system, symbols _____, _____, and _______ are never subtracted or repeated.
(Write the roman numbers in ascending order)
(5) What is the Roman numeral for 687?
(6) What is the product of 7 and 5 in Roman Numerals?
(7) In a 4 × 100 m relay race, Shilpa runs the first 100 meters in XVI seconds. Ismail runs the second leg in
XIX seconds. Gautam runs the 3rd leg in XXII seconds and George runs the final 100 meters in XX
seconds. What is the total time they took to run the race (in Roman numerals)?

(8) A grocer bought 13 boxes of bananas, with each box containing a dozen bananas. He paid Rs. 6 per
banana. He then sold the entire lot at a profit of Rs. 468. At what price (in Roman numerals) did he sell
each box?
(9) What is the sum of XXXVII, VII and XXI in roman numerals ?
(10) Sachin brings 21 cookies to class one day. On the same day, Priyanka brings 32 cookies and Akshiti
brings 15 cookies. How many cookies did they bring to class in all? (Answer in Roman numerals.)
(11) Ismail and Sulekha competed in a 1 km race. Ismail completed the race in CLXXXVI seconds and
Sulekha completed it in CCCLV seconds. By how many seconds (in Roman numerals) was Ismail
ahead of Sulekha?

Choose correct answer(s) from the given choices

(12) We celebrate Christmas on ____ December. (Answer in Roman numerals)

a. 25 b. I
c. XXVII d. XXV

(13) The number of days in the month of September is:

a. XXVIII b. XXX
c. XXXI d. IX

Fill in the blanks

(14) Convert the following roman numerals into (Hindu-Arabic) numbers:

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [2]
A) B) C)
V= XXVI = XXXVII =

D) XXXVII = E) VIII = F) XXXIV =

(15) The sum of XXXII, XII, and XVI in roman numerals is .

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [3]

Answers
(1) XXXII

Step 1
The difference between 67 and 35 is 32. Now let us write 32 in Roman numerals.

Step 2
We should remember following basic rules to form Roman numerals:

a. Repetition
i. Repetition of a Roman numeral means addition.
ii. Only I, X, C and M can be repeated.
iii. V, L and D can never be repeated.
iv. No numeral can be repeated more than three times.
b. Addition and Subtraction of numerals
i. A smaller numeral written to the right of a larger numeral is always added to the
larger numeral.
ii. A smaller numeral written to the left of a larger numeral is always subtracted from the
larger numeral.
iii. V, L and D are never subtracted.
iv. I can be subtracted from V and X.
v. X can be subtracted from L and C.
vi. When a smaller numeral is placed between two larger numerals , then it is always
subtracted from the larger numeral immediately following it.
vii. Only a single symbol can be subtracted from another single symbol. Subtraction can
not be done with groups of symbols.
viii. A symbol can not be subtracted from another one that is more than 10 times greater
than it.
For example:
We can not write IL to convey 50 - 1 = 49 because L (50 ) is 50 times I (1).
We can not write LM to convey 1000 - 50 = 950 because M (1000) is 20 times
L (50).

Step 3
Based on the above rules, we may break the given number into easy repeating and non-repeating
units of Roman numerals as 10 + 10 + 10 + 2.

Step 4
The roman numeral for 10 is X and 2 is II, and since we know that to add two Roman numerals,
we write the smaller numeral to the right of the larger numeral. So 32 is XXXII.

(2) 7

There are only seven basic numerals in the Roman numeral system: I, V, X, L, C, D, M

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [4]
(3) VIII (8)

Step 1
Let us first convert the roman numerals to numbers:
IV = 4
IV = 4

Step 2
Let us now add the numbers 4 and 4.
=> 4 + 4 = 8

Step 3
Let us convert the number 8 back to roman numeral ,i.e., VIII.

Step 4
Thus, the sum of the roman numerals IV and IV is VIII.

(4) VLD

Remember: We never repeat or subtract the symbols V, L, and D to write Roman Numerals.

(5) DCLXXXVII

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [5]
(6) XXXV

Step 1
We know that 7 and 5 in roman numerals can be written as VII and V respectively. But since there
is no method to multiply Roman numbers directly, let us multiply the given natural numbers and
convert their product to Roman numerals.

Step 2
The product of 7 and 5 is 35. Now let us write 35 in Roman numerals.

Step 3
We should remember following basic rules to form Roman numerals:

a. Repetition
i. Repetition of a Roman numeral means addition.
ii. Only I, X, C and M can be repeated.
iii. V, L and D can never be repeated.
iv. No numeral can be repeated more than three times.
b. Addition and Subtraction of numerals
i. A smaller numeral written to the right of a larger numeral is always added to the
larger numeral.
ii. A smaller numeral written to the left of a larger numeral is always subtracted from the
larger numeral.
iii. V, L and D are never subtracted.
iv. I can be subtracted from V and X.
v. X can be subtracted from L and C.
vi. When a smaller numeral is placed between two larger numerals , then it is always
subtracted from the larger numeral immediately following it.
vii. Only a single symbol can be subtracted from another single symbol. Subtraction can
not be done with groups of symbols.
viii. A symbol can not be subtracted from another one that is more than 10 times greater
than it.
For example:
We can not write IL to convey 50 - 1 = 49 because L (50 ) is 50 times I (1).
We can not write LM to convey 1000 - 50 = 950 because M (1000) is 20 times
L (50).

Step 4
Based on the above rules, we may break the given number into easy repeating and non-repeating
units of Roman numerals as 10 + 10 + 10 + 5.

Step 5
The roman numeral for 10 is X and 5 is V, and since we know that to add two Roman numerals,
we write the smaller numeral to the right of the larger numeral. So 35 is XXXV.

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [6]
(7) LXXVII seconds

Step 1
First let us convert the given Roman numerals into number forms.

Step 2
Shilpa runs 100 meters in XVI seconds, or XVI = 16 seconds.

Step 3
Ismail runs the second leg in XIX seconds, or XIX = 19 seconds.

Step 4
Gautam runs the third leg in XXII seconds, or XXII = 22 seconds.

Step 5
George runs the final leg in XX seconds, or XX = 20 seconds.

Step 6
The total time taken by them is 16 + 19 + 22 + 20 = 77 seconds.

Step 7
The above sum of 77 seconds can be written in Roman form as LXXVII seconds.

(8) CVIII (Rs. 108)

Step 1
One box has 12 bananas and the grocer pays Rs. 6 per banana. So, the cost for one box = Rs. 6 ×
12 = Rs. 72.

Step 2
We know that there are 13 such boxes.
Therefore, the cost of the entire lot will be equal to Rs. 72 × 13 = Rs. 936.

Step 3
According to the question, the profit made on selling the entire lot = Rs. 468.
Therefore, the selling price = Rs. 936 + Rs. 468 = Rs. 1404.

Step 4
1404
We know, selling price for 13 boxes = Rs. 1404. Therefore, selling price for one box = Rs.
13
= Rs. 108.

Step 5
The Roman numeral for 108 is CVIII. Hence, the grocer sold each box for CVIII.

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [7]
(9) LXV

Step 1
Trying to add Roman numerals directly can get tough. So let us first convert the given numerals to
the Hindu-Arabic form: XXXVII = 37, VII = 7, and XXI = 21.

Step 2
The sum of 37, 7, and 21 is 65.

Step 3
We find that the Roman numeral for 65 is LXV. Hence, we may conclude that the sum of XXXVII,
VII, and XXI is LXV.

(10) LXVIII

Step 1
The total number of cookies Sachin, Priyanka, and Akshiti brought to the class is equal to 21 + 32
+ 15 = 68.

Step 2
We know that 68 can be written using the Roman numerals as LXVIII.

(11) CLXIX seconds

Step 1
Let us first convert the given Roman numerals into their number forms.

Step 2
Ismail completed the race in CLXXXVI seconds or, CLXXXVI = 186 sec

Step 3
Sulekha completed the race in CCCLV seconds or, CCCLV = 355 sec

Step 4
We know that Ismail was ahead of Sulekha by 355 - 186 = 169 sec

Step 5
Now, 169 can be written in the Roman form as CLXIX seconds.

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [8]
(12) d. XXV

Step 1
We know that Christmas is celebrated on 25 of December. We are basically being asked to
convert 25 into Roman numeral. Now let us write 25 in Roman numerals.

Step 2
We should remember following basic rules to form Roman numerals:

a. Repetition
i. Repetition of a Roman numeral means addition.
ii. Only I, X, C and M can be repeated.
iii. V, L and D can never be repeated.
iv. No numeral can be repeated more than three times.
b. Addition and Subtraction of numerals
i. A smaller numeral written to the right of a larger numeral is always added to the
larger numeral.
ii. A smaller numeral written to the left of a larger numeral is always subtracted from the
larger numeral.
iii. V, L and D are never subtracted.
iv. I can be subtracted from V and X.
v. X can be subtracted from L and C.
vi. When a smaller numeral is placed between two larger numerals , then it is always
subtracted from the larger numeral immediately following it.
vii. Only a single symbol can be subtracted from another single symbol. Subtraction can
not be done with groups of symbols.
viii. A symbol can not be subtracted from another one that is more than 10 times greater
than it.
For example:
We can not write IL to convey 50 - 1 = 49 because L (50 ) is 50 times I (1).
We can not write LM to convey 1000 - 50 = 950 because M (1000) is 20 times
L (50).

Step 3
Based on the above rules, we may break the given number into easy repeating and non-repeating
units of Roman numerals as 10 + 10 + 5.

Step 4
The roman numeral for 10 is X and 5 is V, and since we know that to add two Roman numerals,
we write the smaller numeral to the right of the larger numeral. So 25 is XXV.

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [9]
(13) b. XXX

Step 1
We know that the number of days in the month of September is 30. Now let us write 30 in Roman
numerals.

Step 2
We should remember following basic rules to form Roman numerals:

a. Repetition
i. Repetition of a Roman numeral means addition.
ii. Only I, X, C and M can be repeated.
iii. V, L and D can never be repeated.
iv. No numeral can be repeated more than three times.
b. Addition and Subtraction of numerals
i. A smaller numeral written to the right of a larger numeral is always added to the
larger numeral.
ii. A smaller numeral written to the left of a larger numeral is always subtracted from the
larger numeral.
iii. V, L and D are never subtracted.
iv. I can be subtracted from V and X.
v. X can be subtracted from L and C.
vi. When a smaller numeral is placed between two larger numerals , then it is always
subtracted from the larger numeral immediately following it.
vii. Only a single symbol can be subtracted from another single symbol. Subtraction can
not be done with groups of symbols.
viii. A symbol can not be subtracted from another one that is more than 10 times greater
than it.
For example:
We can not write IL to convey 50 - 1 = 49 because L (50 ) is 50 times I (1).
We can not write LM to convey 1000 - 50 = 950 because M (1000) is 20 times
L (50).

Step 3
Since there is no direct Roman numeral for 30, let us break into numbers that have one. So 30 can
be written as 10 + 10 + 10.

Step 4
The roman numeral for 10 is X, and since we know that to add two Roman numerals, we write the
smaller numeral to the right of the larger numeral. So 30 is XXX.

(14) A) 5

B) 26

C) 37

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 ID : in-4-Roman-Numerals [10]

D) 37

E) 8

F) 34

(15) LX

Step 1
Trying to add Roman numerals directly can get tough. So let us first convert the given numerals to
the Hindu-Arabic form: XXXII = 32, XII = 12, and XVI = 16.

Step 2
The sum of 32, 12, and 16 is 60.

Step 3
We find that the Roman numeral for 60 is LX. Hence, we may conclude that the sum of XXXII, XII,
and XVI is LX.

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