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0Nt r c T R 0 T E c H N Tt 0i luTeE R n A T t 0 N A L E
(affili6e
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deNormalisation
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| 1'lTE RNAT I 0 NA L EL ECT R0 T EGH1,1

l CAt C0 M M I S S I 0 N
(affiliated
to the International
0rganization - lS0)
for Standardization
IEC REC(|MMENDATI(lII

Publication
56-0
6dition-
Troisidme Thirdedition
1gT1

Disjoncteurs
e Gourant
alternatif
e haute
tension
parlie:Renseignemenls
Sixi0me i donnerdanslesappels
d'offres,
lessoumissions
ellesGommandes
etriglespourletransport,
I'inslallation
el I'entretien

High-uoltage
alternating-current
circuit-breakers
to begivenwithenquiries,
Parl6: Information tenders
andorders
andrules
forlransporl,
ereclion
andmainlenance

Oroits
dereproduction - Copyright
r6serv6s - all rightsreseryed

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dela Commission
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 c 0 MMt ss | 0 n Er r cTR0TEGHlt | 0 u E rNTERr{ATr 0NALE
(affili6e Internationale
i l'0rganisation __ lS0)
de Normalisation
R E C ( l M M A N D A T ID
( lENL A C E I

I NT E Rl,lAT | 0 NA L E L E CT R0 T ECHNI CAL C0 M M I S S | 0 N

(affiliated
to the International
0rganization - lS0)
for Standardization
IEC RECtlMMEHI)ATIl|N

Publication
56-0
T r o i s i d m6ed i t i o n- T h i r de d i t i o n
1971

Disioncteurs alternatif
a courant tension
e haute
partie:Renseignement$
Sixi0me ddonner danslesappels lessoumissions
d'offres, etlescommandes
etriglespourletransport,
I'installation
el I'enlretien

High-uo
ltageallernating-cu
rrentcircu kers
il-hrea
lo begivenwithenquiries,
Part6: Inlormation tenders
andorders
lortransporl,
andrules and
erection mainlendnce

PI]RPLI.\TAKAAN
rusAT?rtytu0tlrt ilASlrAflIEU$TF,rt|t
*k%
_,--__.%_,

No. Ageo<te 3

Targgel
' 25 APR197?
:

r6serv6s
Droitsde reproduction - all rightsreserved
- Copyright

Aucunepartie de cette publicationne peut 6tre reproduite

ni utilis6esous No part of this publicationmay be reproducedor utilizedin any
quelqueforme que ce soit et par aucun proc6d6,dlectronique ou m6ca- form or by any means,electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopying
nique,y comprisla photocopie
et les microfilms, 6critde l'6diteur.
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 - 3 -

CONTENTS
Page

FonEwono 5
Pnrrncr 5

SscrroN ONr - INronM.c.rroN To BE GrvEN wrrH ENeUTRIES,TENDERSAND oRDERS

Clause
l. Information to be given with enquiries and orders 7
2. Information to be siven with tenders 9

SrcrroN Two - Rules FoR TRANSpoRT, ERECTIoN AND MAINTENANCE

3. General . . t3
4. Conditions during transport, . 1 3
5. Erection . 13
6. Maintenance . 15
 - 5 -

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

HIGH.VOLTAGE ALTERNATING-CURRBNT CIRCUIT.BREAKERS

Part 6 : fnformation to be given with enquiriesotenders and orders
and rules for transport, erection and maintenance

FOREWORD

I ) The formal decisions or agreements of the I E C on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the
National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.

2) They have the form of recommendatiot-tsfor international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
sense.

3) In order to promote this international unification, the I E C expressesthe wish that all National Committees having as
yet no national rules, when preparing such rules, should use the I E C recommendations as the fundamental basis for these
rules in so far as national conditions will permit.

4) The desirability is recognized of extending international agreement on these matters through an endeavour to harmonize
national standardization rules with these recommendations in so far as national conditions will permit. The National
Committees pledge their influence towards that end.

PREFACE

This Recommendationhas been prepared by Sub-Committee 17A, Switchgear and Controlgear, of IEC
TechnicalCommitteeNo. 17, Switchgearand Controlgear.
A first draft was discussed at the meeting held in Arnhem in 1968. As a result of this meeting a final draft was submitted
to the National Committees for approval under the Six Months' Rule in January 1970.

This Publication forms part of the revision of IEC Publication 56 and includes Section One - Information to be given
with enquiries, tenders and orders, and Section Two - Rules for transport, erection and maintenance.

The following countries voted explicitly in favour of publication:

Australia Netherlands
Belgium Norway
Canada Poland
Czechoslovakia Romania
Denmark South Africa
Finland Sweden
France Switzerland
Germany Turkey
Iran Union of Soviet
Israel Socialist Republics
Italy United Kingdom
Japan United States of America
Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) Yugoslavia

This Publication has been divided into the following six parts which are published as separate booklets:
Publication 56-1: Part 1, General and Definitions.
Publication 56-2: Part 2, Rating.
Publication 56-3: Part 3, Design and Construction.
Publication 56-4: Part 4, Type Tests and Routine Tests.
Publication 56-5: Part 5. Rules for the Selection of Circuit-breakers for Service.
Publication 56-6: Part 6, Information to be Given with Enquiries, Tenders and Orders and Rules for Transport, Erection
and Maintenance.
 - 7 -

HIGH-YOI,TAGE ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUIT.BREAKERS

Part 6 : fnformation to be givenwith enquiries,tendersand orders
and rules for transport,erectionand maintenance

SECTION ONE -
INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN WITH ENQUIRIES, TENDERS AND ORDERS

l. Information to be given with enquiriesand orders

When enquiring for or ordering a circuit-breaker, the following particulars should be supplied
by the enquirer:

i) Particulars of system, i.e. nominal and highest voltages, frequency, number of phases, and
details of neutral earthing.

ii) Service conditions including minimum and maximum ambient air temperatures,the latter, if
greater than the normal value; altitude if over 1000 m (3300f0; and any specialconditions
likely to exist or arise, e.g. unusual exposure to steam or vapour, moisture, fumes, explosive
gases,excessivedust, or salt air (see Sub-clauses2.5 and 2.6 of IEC Publication 56-5).

iii) Characteristicsof circuit-breaker.

The following information should be given:

a) number of poles;
b) class:indoor or outdoor;
c) rated voltage (Sub-clause2.1 of IEC Publication 56-5);
d) rated insulation level where a choice exists between different insulation levels corresponding
to a given rated voltage, or, if other than standard, desired insulation level (Sub-clause2.2
of IEC Publication 56-5);
e) rated frequency (Sub-clause2.3 of IEC Publication 56-5);

f) rated normal current (Sub-clause2.4 of IEC Publication 56-5);

g) if applicable, rated line-chargingbreaking current (Clause l3 of IEC Publication 56-2);

h) if applicable,rated cable-chargingbreaking current (Clause l4 of IEC Publication 56-2);

i) if applicable, rated (single) capacitor breaking current (Clause 15 of IEC Publica-

t ion 5 6 -2 );
j) if applicable,rated small inductive breaking current (Clause l6 of IEC Publication 56-2);

k) rated short-circuit breaking current (Sub-clause3.1 of IEC Publication 56-5);

l) first-pole-to-clearfactor (Sub-clause3.2 of IEC Publication 56-5);

m) if other than standard, desired transient recovery voltage for terminal faults (Sub-clause3.2
of IEC Publication 56-5):
 - 9 -

n) if other than standard, desired characteristicsfor short-line faults (Sub-clause3.2 of IEC

Publication 56-5);
o) if other than standard, desired short-circuit making current (Sub-clause 3.4 of IEC
Publication 56-5);
p) rated operating sequence(Sub-clause3.5 of IEC Publication 56-5);
q) if other than standard, desired duration of short-circuit (Sub-clause 3.6 of IEC Publi-
cation 56-5);
r) if applicable,rated out-of-phasebreaking current (seeIEC Publication 267 and Sub-clause3.3
of IEC Publication56-5);
s) breaktime.

iv) Characteristics of the operating mechanism of circuit-breaker and associated equipment in

particular:

a) method of operation, whether manual or power;

b) number and type of spareauxiliary switches;
c) rated supply voltage and rated supply frequency.

v) Requirements concerning the use of compressedair and requirements for design and tests of
pressurevessels.

Note. - The enquirer should give information of any special conditions not included above that might influence
the tender or order (see also Clause l. Note. of IEC Publication 56-5).

2. Information to be given with tenders

When the enquirer requeststechnical particulars of a circuit-breaker, the following information,

where applicable, should be given by the manufacturer, with the descriptivematter and drawings:

Rated values and characteristics:

a) number of poles;
b) c lass :i n d o o r o r o u td o o r;
c./ rated roltage (Sub-clause2.1 of IEC Publication 56-5);
,l r at e d i n s u l a ti o nl e v e l(Su b -c l a u s 2.2
e of IE C P ubl i cati on56-5);
t r.rtc'dfrequeno' (Sub-clause2.3 of IEC Publication 56-5);
i r.itr.'dnornral current (Sub-clause2.4 of IEC Publication 56-5);

.g rated line-chargingbreakingcurrent (Clause l3 of IEC Publication 56-2);

l,) rated cable-chargingbreaking current (Clause 14 of IEC Publication 56..2);
i) rated (single)capacitor breaking current (Clause l5 of IEC Publication 56-2);

i) rated small inductive breaking current (Clause 16 of IEC Publication 56-2);

k) rated short-circuit breaking current (Sub-clause3.1 of IEC Publication 56-5);

 - 1 1-

I) first-pole-to-clearfactor (Sub-clause3.2 of IEC Publication 56-5)

m) ruted transient recoveryvoltage for terminal faults (Sub-clause3.2 of IEC Publication 56-5);

n) rated characteristicsfor short-line faults (Sub-clause3.2 of IEC Publication 56-5);

o) rated short-circuit making current (Sub-clause3.4 of IEC Publication 56-5);

p) rated operating sequence(Sub-clause3.5 of IEC Publication 56-5);

q) rated duration of short-circuit (Sub-clause3.6 of IEC Publication 56-5);

r) rated out-of-phase breaking current (IEC Publication 267 and Sub-clause 3.3 of IEC
Publication 56-5);
s) opening time (Sub-clause3.1 of IEC Publication 56-5) and breaktime;

t) closing time.

iD Type tests.

Certificate or report on request.

iii) Constructional features.

a) For oil circuit-breakers: mass of complete circuit-breaker without mass of oil; recom-
mendations regarding oil quality; number of tanks.

b) For air-blast circuit-breakers: mass of complete circuit-breaker; air pressure and limits of
air pressure between which the circuit-breaker will operate correctly. The capacity of the
local air receiver. Quantity of free air for one opening operation and for one closing
operation followed immediately by one opening operation. For circuit-breakers intended
for rapid auto-reclosing, the quantity of free air shall be given also for one opening operation
followed by one closing operation and immediately followed by one opening operation.

For other gas circuit-breakers:mass of complete circuit-breaker; gas pressureand limits of

gas pressure between which the circuit-breaker will operate correctly. The total volume of
the gas per pole at a pressureof 10 N/cm'. The leakage of gas per year per circuit-breaker.

c) Number of breaks in seriesper pole.

d) Minimum clearancesin air.

- betweenpoles
- to earth
- the safety boundaries during a breaking operation, for circuit-breakers with an external
exhaust for ionised sasesor flame.

iv) Operating mechanism of circuit-breaker and associatedequipment:

a) type of closing mechanism;

b) whether the circuit-breaker is trip-free or fixed trip and whether it is with lock-out preventing
closing;
c) rated supply voltage and/or pressure of closing mechanism;
 - 1 3 -

d) current required at rated supply voltage to close the circuit-breaker;

e) quantity of free air required to close the circuit-breaker at rated supply pressure;

f) rated supply voltage of shunt opening release;

g) current required at rated supply voltage for shunt opening release;
h) number and type of spare auxiliary switches;
i) current required at rated supply voltage by other auxiliaries.

v) Over-all dimensionsand other information.

The manufacturer should give the necessaryinformation as regards the over-all dimensions of
the circuit-breaker and details necessary for the design of the foundation. General information
regarding maintenanceshould also be given.

SECTION TWO RULES FOR TRANSPORT. ERECTION AND MAINTENANCE

a
1 General

It is essentialthat the erection of circuit-breakers,as well as the maintenanceof circuit-breakers

in service,is performed in accordancewith instructions given by the manufacturer.
Consequently, the manufacturer should provide instructions for the erection and maintenance
of circuit-breakers.The instructions should be given by the time of delivery at the latest.

It is impossiblehere to cover in detail the complete rules for the erection and maintenanceof each
of the different types of circuit-breakers manufactured, but the following information is given
relative to the most important points to be consideredfor the instructions provided by the manu-
facturer.

4. Conditions during transport, storage and erection

A special agreement should be made between user and manufacturer if the temperature and
humidity conditions, defined in Clause 2 of IEC Publication 56-1, cannot be guaranteed during
transport, storageand erection. Special precautionsmay be essentialfor the protection of insulation
during shipment, storageand erection, and prior to energizing,to prevent moisture absorption due,
for instance,to rain, snow or condensation. These may include shipment of insulating parts in oil
to prevent contamination. Appropriate instructions should be given.

5. Erection

For each circuit-breaker, the instructions provided by the manufacturer should at least include
items as listed below.
It should be observed that in some casesparticular instructions should be given when taking
into consideration the information concerning service conditions, etc., given by the purchaser
(Clause 1).
 - 1 5 -

5 . 1 Unpacking ond lifting

Advice for unpacking and lifting to prevent damage.
Note.- Advice should be given, when necessary, for the conditions under which the packed circuit-breaker may
be stored.

5.2 Assembly

When the circuit-breakeris dismantledfor transport, all parts should be clearly marked. Drawings
showing assemblyof theseparts should be attached.

5.3 Mounting

Instructions for mounting of circuit-breaker, operating mechanism and auxiliary devices should
include details of location and foundation. These instructions should also indicate the total mass
of circuit-breaker, inclusive of extinguishing or insulating liquids, the mass of extinguishing and
insulating liquids, and the mass of the heaviestpart of the circuit-breaker to be lifted separatelyif
it exceeds100 ke.

5.4 Connections

Instructionsfor:
a) Connection of leads, comprising the necessaryadvice to prevent over-heating and unnecessary
strain on the circuit-breaker, and to provide adequateclearancedistances.

b) Connection of compressedair system,if any, including size and arrangementof piping.

5.5 Final installation inspection

Instructions for the inspectionsand tests which should be made after a circuit-breaker has been
installed and all connectionshave been completed.

6. Maintenance

The manufacturer should give information regarding the maintenance measuresto be observed
under normal service conditions. It is desirable that the manufacturer indicates the number of
operations (or the time) after which different parts of the circuit-breaker should be maintained.

The manufacturer should, further, give information regarding the overhaul of circuit-breakers
following:
a) short-circuit operations;
b) operations in normal service.

This information should include the number of operations according to a) and b) after which
the circuit-breakeris to be overhauled.
The instructions given by the manufacturer should at least include items as listed below.

6 . 1 Main circuits
Inspection, adjustment, and renewal of contacts. Advice for resistance measurement of main
circuit. Prescription of permissible contact burning. Information about toleranceson the opening
and closing times.
 - 1 7 -

6.2 Oil (or other liquid) and gasfor insulation or qrc extinction
Sampling, testing, drying and refilling of liquid or gas. Recommendations for quality and
freedom from contamination. Indication of the required quantity of oil (or other liquid).

6.3 Operating mechanism

Maintenance and adjustment.
Note. - When practicable during inspection, the circuit-breaker should be operated a few times by the means provided,
to see that the mechanism works smoothly and that everything is correct before the circuit-breaker is put
into service.

6.4 Control and auxiliary circuits, auxiliary equipment

Checking of coils, relays, interlocking devices, adjustable electric devices, heating and drying
devices.

6.5 Bearings and the like

Instructionsshould indicate which parts should be checked.

6.6 Connections
The manufacturershould indicatervhich placesshould be checked.

6.7 Pneumatic (and hydraulic) systems

Checking of pneumatic and hydraulic valves.Inspection and replacementof gaskets.Instructions
for internal inspection of pressuretanks for contamination, and periodic inspection and replacement
of air dryers and moisture separators.

Note. - Drain valves on air receivers should be opened periodically in order to drain the water condensed.

6.8 Resistorsand capacitors

Checking of resistorsand capacitors.Allowed variations of the values should be given.

6.9 Lubrication and greasing

Specificationsfor quality of oil and grease.

6.10 Cleaning
Recommendationsfor methods of cleaning.
Note. - lt should be indicated that special attention be paid to all insulating parts, and that for abnormal conditions,
such as salt deposits, cement dust or acid fumes, frequent cleaning may be necessary to avoid flashovers.

6.11 Spareparts and materials

List of spare parts and materials which should be kept in stock by the purchaser.

6.12 Special tools

List of special tools, if any, necessary for assembly or overhaul (when not supplied with the
circuit-breaker).
 c 0 M M t s s t 0ENL E c T R 0 T E C H i lI tN0TUEER N A T T 0 N A L E
(affili6e
d l'0rganisation
Internationale - lS0)
deNormalisation
N ( I R MDEE L A C E I

I N T E R N A T I ( l NEALLE C T R ( l T E C H N ICCt A
l ML M I S S I t l N
(affiliated
to thelnternational
0rganization - 180)
forStandardization
I EC S T A N l l A R D

Modification
noI Amendment
No.I
Septembre1975 Septembe1
r 975
ila to

Publication
56-6
1971

Disjoncteurs alternatif
i couranl d haute
tension
partie:Henseignemenls
SixiBme danslesappels
i donner d'offres,
lessoumissions
etlescommandes
elriglespour
lelransporl,
I'inslallation
etI'entretien

High-voltage circuit-brea
alternating-currenl kers
tobegiven
Part6: Inlormation withenquiries,
tenders
andorders
fortransport,
andrules ereclion
andmainlenance

Les modificationscontenuesdans le presentdocumentont The amendments contained in this document have been
et6 approuv6essuivant la Rdgle des Six Mois. approved under the Six Months' Rule.

Les projets de modifications furent discut6spar le Sous- The draft amendments were discussed by Sub-Committee
Comitd l7A du Comitd d'Etudes no 17 et furent diffus6sen l7A of Technical Committee No. l7 and were circulated for
mars 1974,pour approbationsuivantla Rdgledes Six Mois. approval under the Six Months' Rule in March 1974.

PRRPU.\TAKAAIi
PIIYEilnlxAr ilAslt^ll
PITSAT fttlsTi!ilA{

;\o, Agenrla;

Ianssel ,ZI
A . p R1 , 9 , 1 7

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 - 2 -

Page
6
1. Renseignementsi donner dans les appels d'offres et les commandes

Ajouter d la page I le point t ) suivant:

t) les essaisde type sp6cifi6ssur demande sp6ciale(pollution artificielle et perturbations radiodlectriques).

Page
7
l. Information to be given with enquiriesand orders

Add, on page 9, the .following item t ) :

t) the type tests specifiedunder specialrequest (artificial pollution and radio interference).

Page
I
2. Renseignementsi donner ayec les soumissions

Ajouter d la page 10 Ie point u) suivant:

u) les essaisde type sp6cifi6ssur demande spdciale(pollution artificielle et perturbations radio6lectriques).

Page
I
2. Information to be given with tenders

Add, on page 11, the following item u):

u) the type tests specifiedunder specialrequest (artificial pollution and radio interference).

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I E CS T A I I l l A R l l

Modification
no2 Amendment
No.2
Avril 198'l A p r i l1 9 8 1
dla to

Publication
56-6
I971

Disjoncteurs
e courant
alternatif
e hautetension
Sixiimepartie:Renseignements
i donnerdanslesappelsd'offres,
lessoumissions
et les commandeset riglespourle transport,
l'installation
et I'entretien

High-voltage
alternating-current
circuit-breakers
Part6: Information
to be givenwith enquiries,
tenders
andordersandrulesfor transport,
erectionandmaintenance

Les modificationscontenuesdans le presentdocumentont The amendments contained in this document have been
6te approuv6essuivantla Regledes Six Mois. approved under the Six Months' Rule.
Les projetsde modifications,discutespar le Sous-Comite The draft amendments, discussed by Sub-Committee l7A
l7A du Comite d'Etudesno 17, furent diffusesen janvier of Technical Committee No. 17, were circulated for approval
1980,pour approbationsuivantla Regledes Six Mois, sous u n d e r t h e S i x M o n t h s ' R u l e i n J a n u a r y 1 9 8 0 ,a s D o c u m e n t
forme de documentl7A(BureauCentral)138. I 7A(Central Office) I 38.

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 -2-

Page8

Remplacer le point r) de l'article I par le suivant:

r) s'il y a lieu, le pouvoir de coupure assign6en discordancede phases(article 12 de la Modifi-

cation no 4 ii la Publication 56-2de la C E I):
Pub cat,oi 56-6 mod 2 lAvnl198r)

P a g el 0

Remplacerle point r) de l'article2 par le suivant:

r) le pouvoir de coupure assign6en discordancede phases(article 12 de la Modification n.4 d

la Publication56-2de la C E I):
Publ,cai,on56-6 mod 2 {Avnl 1981)

PageI

Replaceltem r) of ClauseI by thefollowing:

r) if applicable,ratedout-of-phase
breakingcurrent(Clause12 of AmendmentNo. 4 to IEC
Publication56-2):
Pubhcanon56 6Amend 2 {Aor l$l)

Page| |

Replaceltem r) of Clause2 by thefollowing:

r) ratedout-of-phasebreakingcurrent(Clause12of AmendmentNo. 4 to I EC Publication56-2):

P u b l r c a t r o n5 6 6 A m e n d 2 ( A p r r l 1 9 8 1)

{"KA'AN
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PER
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No Agcade 3

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I E CS T A l { D A R D

no2
Modification Amendment
No.2
Avril 1981 A p r i l1 9 8 1
dla to

Publication
56-1
19 7 1

Disjoncteurs alternatif
e courant e hautetension
Premiirepartie:G6n6ralit6s
et d6finitions

High-voltage
alternating-current
circuit-breakers
Part1: General
anddefinitions

Les modifications contenues dans Ie present document ont
et6 approuvees suivant la Regle des Six Mois.
Les projets de modifications, discutes par le Sous-Comite
l7A du Comite d'Etudes no 17, furent diffuses en janvier
1 9 8 0 ,p o u r a p p r o b a t i o n s u i v a n t l a R e g l e d e s S i x M o i s , s o u s
forme de document l7A(Bureau Central)138.
The amendments contained in this document have been
approved under the Six Months' Rule.
T h e d r a f t a m e n d m e n t s , d i s c u s s e db y S u b - C o m m i t t e e l 7 A
o f T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e N o . 1 7 ,w e r e c i r c u l a t e d f o r a p p r o v a l
u n d e r t h e S i x M o n t h s ' R u l e i n J a n u a r y 1 9 8 0 ,a s D o c u m e n t
l7A(Central Office)138.

Cesmodifications sontdestin6esd Otred6coupees Thesemodificationsare intended to be cut out

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 -2-

Page6

l. Domained'application
Remplacerle premier alinta aprds la note par le suivant:

La pr6sentenorme couvre la mise en et hors circuit en discordance de phases.

Publrcatron
56 1 mod 2 (Avrrl1981)

P a g et 0

SECTION DEUX - DEFINITIONS

Ajouter, d la page 16, les deux d|finitions suivantes:

3.31 Conditions de Ia discordancede phases

Conditions de circuit anormales de perte ou de manque de synchronisme entre deux
6l6mentsd'un r6seau6lectriquesitu6s de chaque c6t6 d'un disjoncteur, aux bornes duquel, i
I'instant de son fonctionnement,I'angle de d6phasageentre les vecteurstournants,repr6sentant
les tensionsde part et d'autre de I'appareil, d6passela valeur normale et peut atteindre 180"
(opposition de phases).

3.32 En discordancede phases (utilise comme qualificatif d'une quantiti caractiristique)

Terme qualificatif indiquant que la quantit6 caract6ristiqueconcernele fonctionnement du
disjoncteur lors de discordancede phases.
Pubrcaron 56 1 mod 2 (Aw 1981)

Page7

l. Scope
Replacethefirst pqrqgraphafter the note by thefollowing:

Switchingin an out-of-phase
conditionis coveredby this standard.
P u b l r c a l i o n5 6 1 A m e n d 2 ( A p r r l 1 9 8 1)

Page| |

SE,CTIONTWO - DEFINITIONS
Add, to page 17, thefollowing two definitions:

conditions
3.31 Out-of-phase
Abnormal circuitconditionsof lossor lack of synchronismbetweenthe partsof an electrical
systemon eitherside of a circuit-breakerin which, at the instantof operationof the circuit-
breaker,the phaseanglebetweenrotatingvectors,representing the generatedvoltageson either
side,exceedsthe normal value and may be as much as 180' (phaseopposition).

3.32 Out-of-phase(qs prefix to a characteristicquantit),)

A qualifying term indicating that the characteristicquantity applies to operation of the
circuit-breakerin out-of-phaseconditions.
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