Q1-EXPLAIN ANY 1 SYSTEM OF WATER SUPPY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING

 Changes in the diagram: Make top floor as 15th floor and and service and refuge floor at 8th floor (any
building more than 15m in height is a high rise building)
 BMC PROVIDES 135 LTR PER PERSON PER DAY. THIS WATER IS FETCHED BY INDIVIDUAL SOCIETIES
FROM BMC MAINS RUNNING PARALLEL TO MAIN ROAD.
 THE WATER PASSES THROUGH GATE VALVE AND WATER METER BEFORE GOING IN THE PUMP
ROOM.
 THERE IS A STOP COCK AT PUMP ROOM TO CUT THE WATER SUPPLY INCASE OF REPAIR WORKS.
 FROM PUMP ROOM WATER FIRST PASSES TO THE FIRE FIGHTING SECTION AND THEN DOMESTIC
SECTION IN AN UNDERGOUND TANK.
 FROM THE UGT WATER PASSES TO NON RETURNING VALAVE AND THEN TO OHT TO SUPPLY
WATER TO VARIOUS LEVELS WITH REQUIRED PRESSURE.
 IN MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS, MAINS PRESSURE IS INSUFFICIENT TO RAISE WATER TO ROOF
LEVEL.
 THUS VARIOUS METHODS ARE USED TO PUMP THE WATER TO DIFFERENT FLOORS.
 A PRESSURE PUMP ALSO HAS A LIMIT UPTO WHICH IT CAN PUMP THE WATER , THUS A SERIES OF
PUMPS AT VARIOUS LEVELS ARE FIXED TO BIFERCATE THE SUPPLY TO MAKE SURE THE WATER
REACHES ALL THE FLOORS WITH REQUIRED PRESSURE.
 FOR A BUILDING OF MORE THAN 24M HEIGHT ITS NOT POSSIBLE TO PUMP THE WATER TO OHT
WITH THE HELP OF SINGLE PUMP.
 THUS THERE IS A SERVICE FLOOR PROVIDED AFTER EVERY 24M HEIGHT.
 THE WATER FROM UGT IS FIRST PUMPED TO THE SERVICE FLOOR WHICH HAS A WATER TANK. FOR
THIS A JACKY PUMP AT UGT IS INSTALLED AND A BOOSTER PUMP AT UPPER LEVEL.
 THUS FOR PUMPING WATER UP WE REQUIRE 2 PUMPS, 1 TO PUSH IT UP AND ANOTHER TO PULL IT
UP.
 THERE ARE TWO PUMPS, ONE OPERATING AND THE OTHER AS STANDBY IN CASE OF FAILURE AND
TO OPERATE DURING MAINTENANCE.
 THE PUMPS ARE SUPPLIED BY THE MAINS THROUGH A DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY TO
PREVENT CONTAMINATION OF THE SUPPLY BY BACKFLOW.
 THIS TANK AT 24M LEVEL WILL ACT LIKE AN OHT FOR FLOORS BELOW IT AND UGT FOR FLOORS
ABOVE IT.
 IN SIMILAR MANNER WATER WILL BE PUMPED TO THE OHT AT ROOF WHICH WILL CATER TO
FLOORS BETWEEN ROOF AND SERVICE FLOOR.
 FOR THE ENTIRE ARRANGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY BRANCHING OF PIPE IS IMPORTANT WITH
REDUCTION IN SIZE OF PIPE FOR CREATING PRESSURE.

Q2-DESIGN A BUILDING FOR FIRE SAFETY (WRITE ONLY REGULATIONS)

 THERE ARE VARIOUS REGULATIONS SET BY GOVERNMENT FOR FIRE SAFETY AND FIRE FIGHTING.
THEY ARE AS FOLLOWS
 AN ARCHITECT’S ROLE IN FIRE FIGHTING IS MAKING THE BUILDING FIRE RESISTANT FOR ATLEAST
TWO HOURS, GIVING FIREMEN A WINDOW OF TIME TO REACH THE SITE AND FIGHT FIRE AND SAVE
LIVES OF PEOPLE.
 FOR A BUILDING OF HEIGHT 24M TO 34M THERE SHOULD BE ATLEAST A DISTANCE OF 6M ON 2
SIDES BETWEEN COMPOUND WALL AND BUILDING AND 9M ON OTHER TWO SIDES
 FOR A BUILDING OF HEIGHT 34M TO 44M THERE SHOULD BE ATLEAST A DISTANCE OF 10M ON 3
SIDES BETWEEN COMPOUND WALL AND BUILDING AND 6M ON FRONT SIDE
 FOR A BUILDING OF HEIGHT 44M AND ABOVE THERE SHOULD BE ATLEAST A DISTANCE OF 12M ON
3 SIDES BETWEEN COMPOUND WALL AND BUILDING AND 6M ON FRONT SIDE
 THE ENTRANCE GATE SHOULD HAVE A HEIGHT CLEARANCE OF NOT LESS THAN 5.5M
 THE COURTYARD SHOUD BE SUFFICIENTLY HARDENED TO BEAR THE LOAD OF 28 METRIC TONS
 HIEGHT OF ENTRANCE CANOPY SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN 5.15M
 RAMPS GOING TO THE BASEMENT SHOULD HAVE A GRANDIENT OF ATLEAST 1:1O
 BASEMENTS SHOULD HAVE NATURAL VENTILATIONS AS WELL AS MECHANICAL VENTILATION.
 UGT AND OHT HAS A 50% FIRE FIGHTING WATER AND WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE
 UGT HAS AN EXTERNAL CONNECTION WHICH CAN BE FILLED BY FIREMEN INCASE OF SHORTAGE OF
WATER IN CASE OF FIRE.

 STAIRCASES
 THERE SHOULD BE ATLEAST 45M DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO FF STAIRCASE FOR TYPE A BUILDING
AND 6OM DISTANCE FOR TYPE B BUILDING
 IN CASE OF FIRE ONLY FIRE FIGHTING STAIRCASE SHOULD BE USED WHICH SHOULD OPEN
DIRECTLY OUTSIDE THE BUILDING.
 FF STAIRCASE SHOULD ONLY BE DOG LEG STAIRCASE WITH A WIDTH OF 1.5M WIDE FLIGHT
 FF STAIRCASE SHOULD HAVE WINDOWS FOR NATURAL VENTILATION
 FF STAIRCASE SHOULD HAVE CUT OFF LOBBY WITH SELF CLOSING DOOR (45MM THICK) OPENING
OUTSIDE PLACED IN THE ENCLOSED WALL OF STAIRCASE AND HAVING HALF AN HOUR FIRE
RESISTANCE.
 INCASE OF ABSENCE OF CUT OFF LOBBY THERE SHOULD BE AIR CURTAIN ABOVE THE DOOR
 ELECTRICAL AND REFUGE CHUTES SHOULD BE LOCATED AT LANDING LEVEL.
 THERE SHOULD BE A CANTILEVER OF 15 SQ M AREA AS REFUGE AREA.

 FIRE LIFTS
 WALLS ENCLOSING THE LIFTS SHOULD HAVE FIRE RESISTANCE OF ATLEAST 2 HOURS, THUS IT
SHOULD BE MADE OF RCC SHEER WALL
 SHAFT SHOULD HAVE PERMANENT VENT OF NOT LESS THAN 0.2M IN CLEAR AREA IMMEDIATELY
UNDER MACHINE ROOM
 LANDING DOOR AND LIFT CAR DOOR SHOULD HAVE STEEL SHUTTER WITH FIRE RESISTANCE OF
ONE HOUR
 ALL LIFTS SHOULD BE SHUT FOR PUBLIC USE IN CASE OF FIRE AND USED BY FIREMEN ONLY TO
TRANSPORT FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS.
 LIFTS WORK ONLY FROM INSIDE ONCE THE FIRE ALARM IS PRESSES BY FIREMEN.

 FIRE ESCAPE ROUTES

 SHOULD BE DESIGNED AND DISPLAYED BEHIND ENTRANCE/EXIT DOOR AND AT EVERY 10M
DISTANCE IN CORRIDOR
 THERE SHOULD BE EMERGENCY LIGHTS FITTED ON THE FIRE EXITS ROUTES WHICH FUNCTION ON
GENERATOR
 RUNNING FIGURES SHOWING FIRE EXIT ROUTES SHOULD BE DISPLAYED AT REGULAR INTERVAL

 SPRINKER SYSTEM
 SPRINKLER SYSTEM RECEIVE WATER FROM THE WET RISER NEAR THE STAIRCASE DUCTS
 THE WET RISER RECEIVES WATER FROM FIRE FIGHTING OHT AND INCASE OF SHORTAGE FROM THE
EXTERNAL SIAMESE CONNECTION
 SPRINKERS ARE INSTALLED AT EVERY 3M DISTANCE OR ACCORDING TO DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

 APPROXIMATELY AT EVERY 6M DISTANCE SMOKE DETECTORS SHOULD BE FITTED AT CEILING OR

FALSE CEILING LEVEL
 HEAT DETECTORS SHOULD BE FITTED IN BASEMENT AT APPROPRIATE PLACES
 FIRE HYDRANTS ARE LOCATED AT 30M DISTANCE FROM EACH OTHER NEAR THE COMPOUND WALL
 HOSE REELS ARE INSTALLED IN THE LIFT LOBBY AT EVERY FLOOR
 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND SAND BUCKETS ARE PLACED NEAR SWITCH BOARDS AND IN
LOBBY
 BUILDING OF MORE THAN 24M HEIGHT SHOULD HAVE A REFUGE AREA AT 24M HEIGHT WHICH IS
OF 15 SQM AT MIDLANDING LEVEL OR 4% OF TOTAL AREA OF ALL ABOVE FLOORS
 SUCH BUILDING SHOULD ALSO HAVE SERVICE AREA OF 15% OF TOTAL AREA
 IF THE BUILDING IS MORE THAN 7OM IN HEIGHT FIRE CHUTES ARE INSTALLED FOR FIRE EXIT
 THESE CHUTES HAVE A FALL OF NOT MORE THAN 21M FROM MIDLANDING OF FF STAIRCASE

 Tried to include all the points, add if any missing and inform me as well.

Q3-EXPLAIN WATER SUPPLY FOR FIRE FIGHTING

 BMC PROVIDES 135 LTR PER PERSON PER DAY. THIS WATER IS FETCHED BY INDIVIDUAL SOCIETIES
FROM BMC MAINS RUNNING PARALLEL TO MAIN ROAD.
 THE WATER PASSES THROUGH GATE VALVE AND WATER METER BEFORE GOING IN THE PUMP
ROOM.
 THERE IS A STOP COCK AT PUMP ROOM TO CUT THE WATER SUPPLY INCASE OF REPAIR WORKS.
 FROM PUMP ROOM WATER FIRST PASSES TO THE FIRE FIGHTING SECTION AND THEN DOMESTIC
SECTION IN AN UNDERGOUND TANK.
 50% OF THE WATER IS RESERVED AS FIRE FIGHTING WATER AND REST FOR DOMESTIC USE.
 THE UNDERGROUND WATER TANK HAS AN EXTERNAL CONNECTION FOR ADDITIONAL WATER
STORAGE IN CASE OF FIRE. THIS IS ACCESBLE BY FIREMEN WHEN NEED FOR MORE WATER FOR
FIRE FIGHTING.
 THERE SHOULD BE 4.5M WIDE ACCESSIBLE ROAD FOR FIREBRIGADE TO MOVE ALL AROUND THE
BUILDING
 FROM THIS TANK WATER WILL BE UTILISED FOR FIRE FIGHTING INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY.
 FIRE HYDRANTS WHICH ARE LOCATED 30M CENTER TO CENTER RECEIVE A CONNECTION FIRE
FIGHTING UGT.
 THESE FIRE HYDRANTS WILL BE ACCESSED BY FIREMEN TO FIGHT THE EXTERNAL FIRE.
 WATER FORM UGT IS DISTRIBUTED TO FIRE FIGHTING SECTIONG IN OHT. FROM THIS OHT WATER IS
DISTRIBUTED TO WET RISER SYSTEM WHICH CONTAINS SPRINKLER SYSTEM IN ALL THE ROOMS
AND LOBBIES.
 WATER IS ALSO DISTRIBUTED TO HOSE REEL FOR FIGHTING INTERNAL FIRE BY FIREMEN.
 THESE HOSE REELS ARE LOCATED AT EVERY FLOOR NEAR THE LIFT LOBBY.
 AT ANY POINT OF TIME WATER IN THE FIRE FIGHTING TANK SHOULD NOT DEPLETE.

 Support you answer with a schematic section showing these connections to fill the sheet.

Q1 EXPLAIN PROBLEMS OF WATER SUPPLY FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING

 IN MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS, MAINS PRESSURE IS INSUFFICIENT TO RAISE WATER TO ROOF

LEVEL.
 THUS VARIOUS METHODS ARE USED TO PUMP THE WATER TO DIFFERENT FLOORS.
 A PRESSURE PUMP ALSO HAS A LIMIT UPTO WHICH IT CAN PUMP THE WATER , THUS A SERIES OF
PUMPS AT VARIOUS LEVELS ARE FIXED TO BIFERCATE THE SUPPLY TO MAKE SURE THE WATER
REACHES ALL THE FLOORS WITH REQUIRED PRESSURE.
 FOR A BUILDING OF MORE THAN 24M HEIGHT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO PUMP THE WATER TO OHT
WITH THE HELP OF SINGLE PUMP.
 IN CASE OF FAILURE OF 1 PUMP ADDITIONAL PUMP IS REQUIRED AS A BACK UP
 A GENERATOR IS REQUIRED IN CASE OF POWER FAILURE DURING FIRE

Q2 FIRE ESCAPE ROUTES

 SHALL MEAN ANY CORRIDOR, STAIRCASE OR OTHER CIRCULATION SPACE, OR ANY COMBINATION
OF THE SAME, BY MEANS OF WHICH A SAFE PLACE IN THE OPEN AIR AT GROUND LEVEL CAN
EVENTUALLY BE REACHED.
 COMBUSTABILE LINING OR ANY MATERIAL WHICH EVOLVES TOXIC GASES WHEN HEATED OR
BURNING SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED IN THE ESCAPE ROUTES.
 CARPETS IF PROVIDED IN THE CORRIDOR SHALL BE TREATED WITH FIRE RETARDANT RATING FOR
ONE HR.
 THEY SHOULD BE AS SHORT AND DIRECT AS POSSIBLE WITH EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND CLEAR
SIGNS.

Q3 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 FIXED FIRE EXTINGUISHING/SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS ARE COMMONLY USED TO PROTECT AREAS

CONTAINING VALUABLE OR CRITICAL EQUIPMENT SUCH AS DATA PROCESSING ROOMS,
TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHES, AND PROCESS CONTROL ROOMS. THEIR MAIN FUNCTION IS TO
QUICKLY EXTINGUISH A DEVELOPING FIRE AND ALERT OCCUPANTS BEFORE EXTENSIVE DAMAGE
OCCURS BY FILLING THE PROTECTED AREA WITH A GAS OR CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT.
 THE UNITOR CO2 SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDER BANK WITH EITHER MANUAL
OR PRESSURE OPERATED CYLINDER TOP VALVES. THE CYLINDER BANK, MANIFOLD AND
DISTRIBUTION VALVES ARE STORED IN A WELL-VENTILATED AND INSULATED ROOM.
 FROM THE MAIN DISTRIBUTION VALVES, A PIPING SYSTEM IS USED TO DISTRIBUTE THE GAS TO
THE DISCHARGE NOZZLES WHICH ARE PLACED UNIFORMLY THROUGHOUT THE PROTECTED
SPACES. THE TOP VALVES CAN BE OPERATED BOTH PNEUMATICALLY
AND MANUALLY.

Q4 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION IN HIGH RISE BUILDING

ELECTRICAL SERVICES.-
 THE ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION CABLES WIRING SHALL BE LAID IN A SEPARATE DUCT. THE DUCT
SHALL BE SEALED AT EVERY ALTERNATE FLOOR WITH NON-COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS HAVING THE
SAME FIRE RESISTANCE AS THAT OF THE DUCT.
 WATER MAINS, TELEPHONE LINES, INTER-COM LINES, GAS PIPES OR ANY OTHER SERVICE LINE
SHALL NOT BE LAID IN THE DUCT FOR ELECTRIC CABLES.
 SEPARATE CIRCUITS FOR WATER PUMPS, LIFTS, STAIRCASE AND CORRIDOR LIGHTING AND
BLOWERS FOR THE PRESSURISING SYSTEM SHALL BE PROVIDED DIRECTLY FROM THE MAIN
SWITCH GEAR PANEL AND THESE CIRCUITS SHALL BE LAID IN SEPARATE CONDUIT PIPES SO THAT A
FIRE IN ONE CIRCUIT WILL NOT AFFECT THE OTHERS. MASTER SWITCHES CONTROLLING ESSENTIAL
SERVICES CIRCUITS SHALL BE CLEARLY LABELLED.
 THE INSPECTION PANEL DOORS AND ANY OTHER OPENING IN THE SHAFT SHALL BE PROVIDED
WITH AIR-TIGHT FIRE DOORS HAVING A FIRE RESISTANCE OF NOT LESS THAN TWO HOURS
 MEDIUM AND LOW VOLTAGE WIRING. RUNNING IN SHAFTS, AND WITHIN A FALSE CEILING SHALL
RUN IN METAL CONDUITS.
 AN INDEPENDENT AND WELL VENTILATED SERVICE ROOM SHALL BE PROVIDED ON THE GROUND
FLOOR WITH DIRECT ACCESS FROM OUTSIDE OR FROM THE CORRIDOR FOR THE PURPOSE OF
TERMINATION OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY FROM THE LICENSEES' SERVICE AND ALTERNATIVE SUPPLY
CABLES.
 THE DOORS PROVIDED FOR THE SERVICE ROOM SHALL HAVE FIRE RESISTANCE OF NOT LESS THAN
TWO HOURS.
 IF THE LICENSEES ROOMS ON UPPER FLOORS SHALL NOT OPEN INTO STAIRCASE ENCLOSURES
AND SHALL BE VENTILATED DIRECTLY TO OPEN AIR OUTSIDE.
 PVC CABLES SHOULD HAVE AN ADDITIONAL SHEATHING OR PROTECTION PROVIDED BY
COMPOUNDS SPRAYED AFTER INSTALLATION.
 AGREE TO PROVIDE METERS ON UPPER FLOORS, THE LICENSEES' CABLES SHALL BE SEGREGATED
FROM CONSUMERS' CABLES' BY A PARTITION IN THE DUCT. METER ROOMS ON UPPER FLOORS
SHALL NOT OPEN INTO STAIRCASE ENCLOSURES AND SHALL BE VENTILATED DIRECTLY TO OPEN
AIR OUTSIDE.
 PVC CABLES SHOULD HAVE AN ADDITIONAL SHEATHING OR PROTECTION PROVIDED BY
COMPOUNDS SPRAYED ON AFTER INSTALLATION.

ALTERNATE SOURCE OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY.-

 A STAND-BY ELECTRIC GENERATOR SHALL BE INSTALLED TO SUPPLY POWER TO STAIRCASE AND

CORRIDOR LIGHTING CIRCUITS, FIRE LIFTS, THE STAND-BY FIRE PUMP, PRESSURIZATION FANS AND
BLOWERS, SMOKE EXTRACTION AND DAMPER SYSTEMS IN CASE OF FAILURE OF NORMAL
ELECTRIC SUPPLY. THE GENERATOR SHALL BE CAPABLE OF TAKING STARTING CURRENT OF ALL
THE MACHINE AND CIRCUITS STATED ABOVE SIMULTANEOUSLY. IF THE STAND-BY PUMPS DRIVEN
BY DIESEL ENGINE, THE GENERATOR SUPPLY NEED NOT BE CONNECTED TO THE STAND BYE PUMP.

Q5 WET RISER

 THE SIMPLEST AND MOST WIDELY USED APPLICATION.

 THE PIPEWORK IS PERMANENTLY CHARGED WITH WATER.
 IT IS ONLY SUITABLE IN PREMISES, WHERE TEMPERATURES REMAIN ABOVE ZERO
 IT IS ESSENTIAL IN BUILDINGS WHERE FLOOR LEVELS ARE HIGHER THAN THAT SERVED BY A DRY
RISER, I.E. GREATER THAN 60 M ABOVE FIRE SERVICE VEHICLE ACCESS LEVEL.
 A WET RISER IS CONSTANTLY CHARGED WITH WATER AT A MINIMUM RUNNING PRESSURE OF 400
KPA WITH UP TO THREE MOST REMOTE LANDING VALVES OPERATING SIMULTANEOUSLY.
 ALTERNATIVELY, A PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE MAY BE INCORPORATED IN THE OUTLET OF THE
LANDING VALVE.
 THE DISCHARGE FROM THIS IS CONVEYED IN A 100 MM I.D. DRAIN PIPE.
 TO MAINTAIN WATER AT THE REQUIRED PRESSURE AND DELIVERY RATE, IT IS USUALLY
NECESSARY TO INSTALL PUMPING EQUIPMENT.
 DIRECT PUMPING FROM THE MAIN IS UNACCEPTABLE.
 NOTE:IN ADDITION TO THE SUPPLY THROUGH THE FLOAT VALVES THE SUCTION TANK
 SHOULD ALSO BE SUPPLIED WITH A 150 MM FIRE SERVICE INLET.
 THE WET RISER SHALL EXTENDED TO THE BASEMENT AND AUTOMATIC IN OPERATION.

Q6 SMOKE DETECTOR

 Refer notes.

 POINT DETECTORS:
 • INDIVIDUAL HEAT OR SMOKE DETECTION UNITS WHICH RESPOND TO AN IRREGULAR SITUATION
IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY.
 LINE DETECTORS:
 • A CONTINUOUS TYPE OF DETECTION COMPRISING A PAIR OF CONDUCTING CABLES SEPARATED
BY LOW TEMPERATURE MELTING INSULATION TO PERMIT A SHORT CIRCUIT ALARM WHEN THE
CABLES CONTACT.
 • SUITABLE IN TUNNELS AND SERVICE SHAFTS.

Q7 STATIC TANK

 A SATISFACTORY SUPPLY OF WATER FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIRE FIGHTING SHALL ALWAYS BE
AVAILABLE IN THE FORM OF AN UNDERGROUND STATIC STORAGE TANK WITH CAPACITY SPECIFIED
FOR EACH BUILDING WITH ARRANGEMENTS OF REPLENISHMENT BY MAIN OR ALTERNATIVE
SOURCE OF SUPPLY AT 1,000 LITERS PER MINUTE.
 THE STATIC STORAGE WATER SUPPLY SHOULD EASILY BE ACCESSIBLE TO FIRE ENGINES.
 PROVISION OF SUITABLE NUMBER OF MANHOLES SHALL BE MADE AVAILABLE FOR IMMERSION,
REPAIRS AND INSPECTION OF SUCTION HOSE ETC.
 THE COVERING SLAB SHALL BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND A VEHICULAR LOAD OF 18 TONNES.
 THE DOMESTIC SUCTION TANK CONNECTED TO THE STATIC WATER STORAGE TANK SHALL HAVE
AN OVERFLOW CAPABLE OF DISCHARGING 2250 LITRES PER MINUTE TO A VISIBLE DRAIN POINT
FROM WHICH BY A SEPARATE CONDUIT THE OVERFLOW SHALL BE CONVEYED TO A STORM WATER
DRAIN.
 TO PREVENT STAGNATION OF WATER IN THE STATIC WATER STORAGE TANK, THE SUCTION TANK
OF THE DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SHALL BE FED ONLY THROUGH AN OVERFLOW ARRANGEMENT
TO MAINTAIN THE LEVEL THEREIN AT THE MINIMUM SPECIFIED CAPACITY
 THE STATIC WATER STORAGE SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH A FIRE BRIGADE COLLECTING BREACHING
WITH FOUR 63 MM. DIA. (TWO OF 63MM. DIA. FOR PUMP WITH CAPACITY 1,400 LITERS/MINUTE)
INSTANTANEOUS MALE INLETS ARRANGED IN A VALVE BOX AT A SUITABLE
 POINT AT STREET LEVEL AND CONNECTED TO THE STATIC TANK BY A SUITABLE

Q8 SPRINKLERS FOR FF

 Refer notes
 Q9 PROTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

EXTINGUISHING AGENT EXTINGUISHER COLOR APPLICATION

WATER RED CARBONACEOUS FIRES, PAPER, WOOD, ETC.
FOAM RED WITH CREAM BAND DITTO AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, OILS, FATS, ETC.
CARBON DIOXIDE RED WITH BLACK BAND ELECTRICAL FIRES AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.
DRY CHEMICALS RED WITH BLUE BAND ALL FIRES.
WATER EXTINGUISHERS-

 WATER IN PRESSURISED CYLINDERS MAY BE USED FOR CARBONACEOUS FIRES AND THESE ARE
COMMONLY DEPLOYED IN OFFICES, SCHOOLS, HOTELS, ETC.
 THE PORTABLE SODA-ACID EXTINGUISHER HAS A SMALL GLASS CONTAINER OF SULPHURIC ACID.
 THIS IS RELEASED INTO THE WATER CYLINDER WHEN A KNOB IS STRUCK.
 THE ACID MIXES WITH THE WATER WHICH CONTAINS CARBONATE OF SODA TO CREATE A
CHEMICAL REACTION PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE GAS.
 THE GAS PRESSURIZES THE CYLINDER TO DISPLACE WATER FROM THE NOZZLE.

FOAM EXTINGUISHERS -CHEMICAL FOAM TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER –

• FOAM IS FORMED BY CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN SODIUM BICARBONATE AND ALUMINIUM
SULPHATE DISSOLVED IN WATER IN THE PRESENCE OF A FOAMING AGENT.
• WHEN THE EXTINGUISHER IS INVERTED THE CHEMICALS ARE MIXED TO
CREATE FOAM UNDER PRESSURE WHICH IS FORCED OUT OF THE NOZZLE.
 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHER –
• CARBON DIOXIDE IS PRESSURIZED AS A LIQUID INSIDE A CYLINDER.
• STRIKING A KNOB AT THE TOP OF THE CYLINDER PIERCES A DISC TO RELEASE
THE CARBON DIOXIDE WHICH CONVERTS TO A GAS AS IT DEPRESSURIZES
THROUGH THE EXTINGUISHER NOZZLE.

Q10 FIRE HYDRANT

 FIRE HYDRANTS ARE PROVIDED ALL OVER THE SITE BOUNDARY AND BUILDING PERIPHERY.
 THEY ARE PLACED AT 40M C/C FROM EACH OTHER IN INHABITATED AREAS AND 300M C/C IN OPEN
AREAS.
 A FIRE HYDRANT IS AN ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION MEASURE, AND A SOURCE OF WATER PROVIDED
IN MOST URBAN, SUBURBAN AND RURAL AREAS WITH MUNICIPAL WATER SERVICE TO
ENABLE FIREFIGHTERS TO TAP INTO THE MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY TO ASSIST IN EXTINGUISHING
A FIRE.
 A FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM IS A WATER SUPPLY WITH A SUFFICIENT PRESSURE AND FLOW
DELIVERED THROUGH PIPES THROUGHOUT A BUILDING TO STRATEGICALLY LOCATED NETWORK
OF VALVES FOR FIRE-FIGHTING PURPOSES.
 THE USER ATTACHES A HOSE TO THE FIRE HYDRANT, THEN OPENS A VALVE ON THE HYDRANT TO
PROVIDE A POWERFUL FLOW OF WATER, ON THE ORDER OF 350KPA (50 LBF/IN²) (THIS PRESSURE
VARIES ACCORDING TO REGION AND DEPENDS ON VARIOUS FACTORS INCLUDING THE SIZE AND
LOCATION OF THE ATTACHED WATER MAIN).
 THIS USER CAN ATTACH THIS HOSE TO A FIRE ENGINE, WHICH CAN USE A POWERFUL PUMP TO
BOOST THE WATER PRESSURE AND POSSIBLY SPLIT IT INTO MULTIPLE STREAMS.
 ONE MAY CONNECT THE HOSE WITH A THREADED CONNECTION, INSTANTANEOUS "QUICK
CONNECTOR" OR A STORZ CONNECTOR. A USER SHOULD TAKE CARE NOT TO OPEN OR CLOSE A
FIRE HYDRANT TOO QUICKLY, AS THIS CAN CREATE A WATER HAMMER WHICH CAN DAMAGE
NEARBY PIPES AND EQUIPMENT.
 THE WATER INSIDE A CHARGED HOSELINE CAUSES IT TO BE VERY HEAVY AND HIGH WATER
PRESSURE CAUSES IT TO BE STIFF AND UNABLE TO MAKE A TIGHT TURN WHILE PRESSURIZED.
 WHEN A FIRE HYDRANT IS UNOBSTRUCTED, THIS IS NOT A PROBLEM, AS THERE IS ENOUGH ROOM
TO ADEQUATELY POSITION THE HOSE.
 THE DIFFERENT VALVES ON A FIRE HYDRANT ALLOW IT TO BE ATTACHED TO DIFFERENT WATER
SOURCES THAT MAY BE EITHER PRESSURIZED OR NOT PRESSURIZED.
 THE BARREL OF A FIRE HYDRANT MAY ALSO BE KNOWN AS A "STANDPIPE." SOME FIRE HYDRANTS
ARE ROUNDED IN STYLE, WHILE OTHERS HAVE MORE ANGULAR LINES.
THE OUTLETS ON A FIRE HYDRANT ARE USUALLY MADE OF BRONZE, BUT THE CAPS MAY BE MADE
FROM OTHER TYPES OF METAL.

 A FLUSHING HYDRANT IS A HYDRANT THAT IS USED FOR FLUSHING A WATER LINE OF SILT, RUST,
DEBRIS, OR STAGNANT WATER. MANY WATER UTILITIES USE STANDARD FIRE HYDRANTS FOR
FLUSHING THEIR LINES.
 SPECIALIZED FLUSHING HYDRANTS ARE OFTEN SMALLER AND LESS EXPENSIVE THAN A FIRE
HYDRANT TO REDUCE COST WHERE FIRE FIGHTING USE IS NOT NEEDED OR PRACTICAL. FLUSHING
HYDRANTS TYPICALLY ONLY HAVE ONE OUTLET IN CONTRAST TO FIRE HYDRANTS WHICH
NORMALLY HAVE TWO OR THREE. FLUSHING HYDRANTS ARE COMMONLY INSTALLED AT THE END
OF DEAD END WATER LINES.

Q11 FIRE DAMPERS

 FIRE DAMPERS ARE REQUIRED IN VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS TO PREVENT
SMOKE AND FIRE SPREADING THROUGH THE DUCTWORK TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BUILDING.
 DAMPERS SHOULD BE POSITIONED TO MAINTAIN CONTINUITY OF COMPARTMENTATION BY
STRUCTURAL DIVISION.
 THEY CAN OPERATE AUTOMATICALLY BY FUSIBLE LINK MELTING AT A PRE-DETERMINED
TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 70 Ƒ C, TO RELEASE A STEEL SHUTTER.
 AN ELECTROMAGNET MAY ALSO BE USED TO RETAIN THE SHUTTER IN THE OPEN POSITION.
 THE ELECTROMAGNET IS DEACTIVATED TO RELEASE THE SHUTTER BY A RELAY CIRCUIT FROM A
FIRE OR SMOKE DETECTOR.
 THE LATTER IS PREFERABLE, AS A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF SMOKE DAMAGE CAN OCCUR
BEFORE SUFFICIENT HEAT PENETRATES THE DUCTWORK TO ACTIVATE A HEAT DETECTOR OR A
FUSIBLE LINK.
 AN INTUMESCENT-COATED HONEYCOMB DAMPER IS AN ALTERNATIVE.
 IN THE PRESENCE OF HEAT, THE COATING EXPANDS TO ABOUT A HUNDRED TIMES ITS ORIGINAL
VOLUME TO FORM SUFFICIENT MASS TO IMPAIR THE MOVEMENT OF FIRE THROUGH THE DUCT.
 THIS TYPE OF DAMPER HAS LIMITED FIRE RESISTANCE AND IS ONLY LIKELY TO BE SPECIFIED IN
LOW VELOCITY SYSTEMS.
 Q12 FIRE RESISTANCE OF MATERIAL

 “FIRE RESISTANCE” MEANS THE TIME DURING WHICH A FIRE RESISTANT MATERIAL I.E. MATERIAL
HAVING A CERTAIN DEGREE OF FIRE RESISTANCE, FULFILLS ITS FUNCTION OF CONTRIBUTING TO
THE FIRE SAFETY OF A BUILDING WHEN SUBJECTED TO PRESCRIBED CONDITIONS OF HEAT AND
LOAD OR RESTRAINT.
 THE FIRE RESISTANCE TEST OF STRUCTURES SHALL BE DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH IS:3809-1966
FIRE RESISTANCE TEST OF STRUCTURE.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE-RESISTING MATERIAL:
 THE COMPOSITION OF THE MATERIAL SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT DOES NOT BECOME
DISINTEGRATED UNDER THE EFFECT OF GREAT HEAT.
 THE EXPANSION OF THE MATERIAL DUE TO HEAT SHOULD NOT BE SUCH THAT IT LEADS TO
UNSTABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE OF WHICH IT FORMS THE PART.
 THE CONTRACTION OF THE MATERIAL DUE TO SUDDEN COOLING WITH WATER AFTER IT HAS BEEN
HEATED TO A HIGH TEMPERATURE SHOULD NOT BE RAPID.

 (sirs notes pg19)

Q13 DIFF TYPES OF LIFTS

TYPES OF ESCALATORS
AN ESCALATOR IS A MOVING STAIRCASE – A CONVEYOR TRANSPORT DEVICE FOR CARRYING
PEOPLE BETWEEN FLOORS OF A BUILDING. THE DEVICE CONSISTS OF A MOTOR-DRIVEN CHAIN OF
INDIVIDUAL, LINKED STEPS THAT MOVE UP OR DOWN ON TRACKS, ALLOWING THE STEP TREADS
TO REMAIN HORIZONTAL.
THE TYPES OF ESCALATORS:
MOVING ESCALATORS
MOVING WALKWAYS, ALSO KNOWN AS MOVING SIDEWALKS, TRAVELATORS, AND WALKALATORS,
ARE BUILT IN ONE OF TWO BASIC STYLES:
PALLET TYPE—A CONTINUOUS SERIES OF FLAT METAL PLATES MESH TOGETHER TO FORM A
WALKWAY. MOST HAVE A METAL SURFACE, THOUGH SOME MODELS HAVE A RUBBER SURFACE
FOR EXTRA TRACTION.
MOVING BELT—THESE ARE GENERALLY BUILT WITH MESH METAL BELTS OR RUBBER WALKING
SURFACES OVER METAL ROLLERS. THE WALKING SURFACE MAY HAVE A SOLID FEEL OR A
"BOUNCY" FEEL.
BOTH TYPES OF MOVING WALKWAY HAVE A GROOVED SURFACE TO MESH WITH COMBPLATES AT
THE ENDS. ALSO, ALL MOVING WALKWAYS ARE BUILT WITH MOVING HANDRAILS SIMILAR TO
THOSE ON ESCALATORS.
MOVING WALKWAYS ARE OFTEN USED IN AIRPORTS, WHERE THERE IS A LONG DISTANCE TO WALK
BETWEEN TERMINALS, AND IN METRO STATIONS.
HIGH SPEED MOVING WALKWAYS ARE ANOTHER TYPE OF MOVING WALKWAY ESCALATORS THAT
RUN AT A SPEED OF 9KM/HR.
INCLINED MOVING SIDEWALK
AN INCLINED MOVING SIDEWALK, ALSO CALLED A MOVATOR, TRAVELATOR, OR MOVING RAMP, IS
USED IN AIRPORTS AND SUPERMARKETS TO MOVE PEOPLE TO ANOTHER FLOOR WITH THE
CONVENIENCE OF AN ELEVATOR AND THE CAPACITY OF AN ESCALATOR.
SPIRAL ESCALATORS
SPIRAL ESCALATORS TAKE UP MUCH LESS HORIZONTAL SPACE THAN STRAIGHT ESCALATORS

Q14 EXPLAIN DIFF. CONTROL SYSTEM IN LIFT

Q15 DIFF TYPE OF ESCALATOR

Q16 LIFTS AND ESALATORS DIFFERETIATE

Q17 FIRE CHUTES

  refer (note pg18)

Q18 REFUGE FLOOR

Q19 SERVICE FLOOR

 THE FLOOR OF A BUILDING WHERE SERVICE EQUIPMENT, UTILITY LINES, AND VARIOUS MACHINERY ARE LO
CATED.
 A SERVICE FLOOR CAN BE LOCATED IN THEBASEMENT, ON THE TOP FLOOR, OR IN THE MIDDLE PORTION OF
A BUILDING. SOME BUILDINGS HAVE SEVERAL SUCH FLOORS.
 SERVICE FLOORS CONTAIN HEATING,WATER, AND SEWAGE PIPES, AIR DUCTS, POWER SUPPLY MAINS AND E
QUIPMENT, VENTILATING AND AIRCONDITIONING EQUIPMENT, ELEVATOR ENGINE ROOMS,ROOMS FOR VA
RIOUS EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLEMENTARY ROOMS.
 SERVICE FLOORS ARE FOUND IN MULTISTORY RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND IN PLANTS OF TH
E ELECTRONICS, RADIO ENGINEERING, AND OTHER
INDUSTRIES,WHICH HAVE MUCH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT AND REQUIRE THE CAREFUL REGULATION OFTHE
TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AND AIR CIRCULATION IN PRODUCTION AREAS. SKYSCRAPERS REQUIRE A
MECHANICAL FLOOR FOR EVERY 10 TENANT FLOORS (10%) ALTHOUGH THIS PERCENTAGE CAN VARY
WIDELY .
 MECHANICAL FLOORS ARE GENERALLY ACCESSED ONLY BY SERVICE ELEVATORS.

Q20 DRAW DIAGRAMS

* FIRE RESISTANT DOOR *FIRE ESCAPE STAIRCASE *ESCALATOR *STATIC TANK *WET RISER /
DOWN COMER *SECTION OF LIFT WITH MACHINE ROOM & LIFT PIT *HYDRALIC LIFT *HEAT
DETECTOR *SMOKE DETECTOR *POST TYPE FIRE HYDRANT *FLUSH TYPE FIRE HYDRANT
*ELECTRICAL RISING MAIN & BUSBAR WITHTRUNKING *BREAK PRESSURE TANK / INTERMEDIATE
TANK SYSTEM FOR WATER SUPPLY (ff section service floor) *HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM OF
WATER SUPPLY
 HEAT DETECTOR
 HEAT DETECTORS ARE USED WHERE SMOKING IS PERMITTED AND IN OTHER SITUATIONS WHERE A
SMOKE DETECTOR COULD BE INADVERTENTLY ACTUATED BY PROCESS WORK IN THE BUILDING,
E.G. A FACTORY.
 DETECTORS ARE DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY A FIRE IN ITS MORE ADVANCED STAGE, SO THEIR
RESPONSE TIME IS LONGER THAN SMOKE DETECTORS.
 FUSIBLE TYPE –
 • HAS AN ALLOY SENSOR WITH A THIN WALLED CASING FITTED WITH HEAT COLLECTING FINS AT
ITS LOWER END.
• AN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR PASSES THROUGH THE CENTRE.
• THE CASING HAS A FUSIBLE ALLOY LINING AND THIS FUNCTIONS AS A SECOND CONDUCTOR.
• HEAT MELTS THE LINING AT A PRE-DETERMINED TEMPERATURE CAUSING IT TO CONTACT THE
CENTRAL CONDUCTOR AND COMPLETE AN ALARM RELAY ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.
 BI-METALLIC COIL TYPE –
• HEAT PASSES THROUGH THE COVER TO THE BI-METAL COILS.
• INITIALLY THE LOWER COIL RECEIVES GREATER HEAT THAN THE UPPER COIL.
• THE LOWER COIL RESPONDS BY MAKING CONTACT WITH THE UPPER COIL TO COMPLETE AN
ELECTRICAL ALARM CIRCUIT.

SOME MAJOR CAUSES OF FIRE ARE:

CARELESSLY THROWN CIGARETTES;
CARELESS USE OF COAL, WOOD AND KEROSENE STOVE;
PILLING OF PAPER, FURNITURE AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS IN STORES, ATTICS, ETC;
STORAGE OF KEROSENE, PETROL AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS IN HABITABLE AND
UNSAFE AREA;
UNSAFE INSTALLATION AND USAGE OF BOTTLED GAS CYLINDER;
BADLY DONE, POOR QUALITY, AND OVER-LOADED ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS; AND
EXCESSIVE USE OF COMBUSTIBLES IN FURNITURE, FALSE CEILING, AND FURNISHINGS, ETC.
FIRE ALARM
AN AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO DETECT THE UNWANTED PRESENCE OF FIRE
BY MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH COMBUSTION. IN GENERAL, A
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM IS CLASSIFIED AS EITHER AUTOMATICALLY ACTUATED, MANUALLY
ACTUATED, OR BOTH.
FIRE / SAND BUCKETS

A FIRE SAND BUCKET OR FIRE BUCKET IS A MILD STEEL BUCKET FILLED WITH SAND WHICH IS
USED TO PUT OUT FIRES. TYPICALLY, FIRE BUCKETS ARE PAINTED BRIGHT RED AND HAVE THE
WORD 'FIRE' STENCILED ON THEM IN BLACK LETTERING. THEY ARE PLACED IN PROMINENT
POSITIONS IN ROOMS OR CORRIDORS.

BREECHING LINES

BREECHING LINE IS PROVIDED NEAR THE BOUNDARY, FOR FILLING OF UGT (UNDERGROUND
TANK), WHEN IT IS EMPTY DUE TO USED FOR FIRE FIGHTING.

HOSE REELS

THE HOSE REELS ARE LOCATED AT EACH LIFT LOBBY. EACH HOSE REEL HAS A DIAMETER OF 25 MM
AND A LENGTH OF 30 M. PRESSURE REDUCERS ARE INSTALLED AT THE END OF EACH WET RISER
PIPE TO SUPPLY A LOWER PRESSURED WATER TO HOSE REELS.
WHEN THE VALVES OF THE HOSES ARE OPENED, PRESSURIZED WATER WILL SHOOT OUT THROUGH
THE NOZZLES OF THE HOSES. THE PRESSURE IN THE PIPING WILL DROP. THE PRESSURE SWITCHES
AT THE PUMP ROOM WILL SENSE THE DROP IN PRESSURE AND THE PUMPS WILL START TO
PRESSURIZE THE PIPE AGAIN.
THE PRESSURES ARE MONITORED AT THE PUMP ROOM TO CONTROL THE PUMPS.
TWO AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC DRIVEN PUMPS AND DIESEL DRIVEN PUMP SHALL BE PROVIDED TO
FEED THE HOSE REEL SYSTEM, ONE OF THE ELECTRIC DRIVEN PUMP SHALL BE AS DUTY PUMP, AND
THE SECOND ELECTRIC DRIVEN PUMP SHALL ACT AS A BOOSTER PUMP WHERE THE WATER
PRESSURE IN HOSE REEL MAINS NEEDS TO BE BOOSTED.

SIAMESE CONNECTION
IN FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING, A SIAMESE CONNECTION IS A PIPE FITTING THAT ALLOWS
TWO FIRE HOSES TO BE CONNECTED TO A SINGLE STANDPIPE RISER AT THE SAME GENERAL
LOCATION. IT IS SO-CALLED DUE TO THE VISUAL ALLEGORY TO SIAMESE TWINS.