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Jessica Yu

Pd. 4A
CHAPTER 13 CONGRESS VOCABULARY

1. Special Session: a period when the legislative body convenes outside of the normal legislative
session
2. Redistricting: is the process of drawing United States electoral district boundaries, often in
response to population changes determined by the results of the census every ten years
3. Reapportion: process of changing the representational distribution of a legislature so that each
legislator represents approximately the same number of voters
4. At-Large: electing an entire body rather than just a subset; a designation for members of a
governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body
(for example, a city, state or province, nation, club or association), rather than a subset of that
membership
5. Gerrymandering: drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes
to favor one party
6. Oversight Function: Congress’ power to review, monitor, and supervise federal agencies,
programs, activities, and policy implementation
7. Direct tax: a tax, such as income tax, that is levied on the income or profits of the person who
pays it, rather than on goods or services
8. Indirect tax: a tax levied on goods or services rather than on persons or organizations
9. Standing committee: permanently established legislative committee that consider and are
responsible for legislation within a certain subject area
10. Select committee: Congressional committee appointed for a limited time and purpose
11. Joint committee: committee on which both senators and representatives serve
12. Conference Committee: a joint committee appointed to resolve differences in the Senate and
House versions of the same bill
13. Filibuster: an attempt to defeat a bill in the Senate by talking indefinitely, thus preventing the
Senate from taking action to the bill
14. Cloture: a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote in a legislative assembly, usually
the Senate
15. Veto: the constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a legislative body
16. Pocket veto: a bill fails to become law because the president did not sign it within ten days
before Congress adjourns
17. Censure: an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism; public reprimanding of a
public official for inappropriate behavior
18. Quorum: the minimum number of members who must be present for business to be conducted
in Congress
19. Riders: additional provision added to a bill or other measure under the consideration by a
legislature, having little connection with the subject matter of the bill and usually created as a
tactic to pass a controversial provision that would not pass as its own bill

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