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FILE : M6-CV-037(R2)
VALID UPTO: 2005-06-29
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1.0 This standard document covers the guidelines for design and detailing for
earthquake resistant structures for Non-nuclear projects.
3.0 A ductile material is one that can undergo large strains while resisting loads.
In case of reinforced concrete members and structures, the term ductility
implies the ability to sustain significant in-elastic deformations prior to
collapse.
3.2 A convenient measure of ductility is a ratio φu/φy, the ratio of curvature at the
ultimate strength of the section to that at first yield of tension steel in the
section.
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Σ Me ≥ (6/5) Σ Mg
where,
(g) Splices and bar anchorages must be adequate to prevent bond failures.
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5.1 All these provision for ductility should be adopted in all reinforced concrete
structures which satisfy one of the following four conditions:
(ii) The structure is located in Seismic Zone II and has importance factor
(I) greater than 1.0
(iv) The structure is located in Seismic Zone III and is more than 5 story
high.
The definition of Seismic Zone and the importance factor are given in
IS:1893-1984.
(a) The factored axial stress on the member under earthquake loading shall
not exceed 0.1 fck
(b) The member shall preferably have a width to depth ratio of more than
0.3
(c) The width of the member shall not be less than 200 mm.
(d) The depth D of the member shall preferably be not more than 1/4 of
the clear span.
(e) The top as well as bottom steel reinforcement shall consist of at least
two bars each throughout the length of the member. The steel ratio on
any face, at any section, shall not be less than.
½
Pmin = 0.24 (fck) / fy
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P = As
bd
(f) The maximum tensile steel ratio on any face at any section shall not
exceed Pmax = 0.025.
(g) The positive steel at a joint face must be at least equal to half the
negative steel at that face.
(h) The steel provided at each of the top and bottom face of the member at
any section along its length shall be atleast equal to one fourth of the
maximum negative moment steel provided at the face of either joint.
(i) In an external joint, both top and bottom bars of the beams shall be
provided with anchorage length beyond the inner face of column, equal
to development length in tension plus 10 times the bar diameter minus
the allowance for 900 bends. (Refer Fig.1) Where beams exist on both
sides of column, both face bars of beams must be taken continuously
through the column. To avoid congestion of steel in a column where a
beam frames on one side only, use of U-bars spliced outside the
column instead of anchoring the bars in column is suggested.
(j) The longitudinal bars shall be spliced, only if hoops are provided over
the entire splice length, at a spacing not exceeding 150 mm (Refer
Fig.2). The lap length shall not be less than the bar development
length in tension. The lap splices shall not be provided.
(iv) Not more than 50% of bars shall be spliced at one section.
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(l) The shear force to be resisted by vertical hoops shall be the maximum
of :
Where,
MuAs, MuAh and MuBs, MuBh are the sagging and hogging moments of
resistance of the beam section at ends A and B respectively. These are
calculated as per Appendix 'E' of IS:456:1978. LAB is clear span of
beam. VaD+L and VbD+L are the shears at ends A and B respectively,
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due to vertical loads with partial safety factor of 1.2 on loads. The
design shear at end A shall be the larger of the two values of Vu,a
computed above. Similarly, the design shear at end B shall be the
larger of the two values of Vu,b computed above.
(m) For good behaviour in diagonal tension, spacing of hoops should not
exceed (i) d/4, (ii) 8 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal
bar, (iii) but not less than 100 mm, in a length of beam equal to 2d
measured from face of column. The first hoop shall be located 50 mm
from face of the column. In the remaining length of beam, the
maximum spacing should be limited to d/2, where d = effective depth
of beam.
But if P/A is more than 0.1 * fck then special confining reinforcement
is required at column ends as given in para 6.3.
(b) The minimum dimensions of the member shall not be less than 200mm
where beam centre to centre span exceeds 5 m or column unsupported
length exceed 4 m, the shortest dimension of the column shall not be
less than 300 mm.
(c) The ratio of the shortest cross sectional dimension to the perpendicular
dimension shall preferably be not less than 0.4.
(d) Lap splices shall be provided only in the centre half of the member
length. It should be proportioned as tension splice. Hoops shall be
provided over the entire splice length at spacing not exceeding 150 mm
centre to centre, not more than 50 percent of the bar shall be spliced at
one location.
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(e) The spacing of transverse reinforcement in the form of hoops shall not
exceed half the least lateral dimension of the column except where
special confining reinforcement is required.
(f) The design shear force for columns shall be the maximum of:
Mubl + Mubr
Vu = 1.4 --------------
hst
(iii) 450 mm
Refer Fig. 6
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(f) Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over the full height
of a column which has significant variation in stiffness along its height.
(g) The spacing of hoops used as special confining reinforcement shall not
exceed 1/4 of minimum member dimension, but need not be less than
75 mm nor more than 100 mm.
(h) The area of cross section, Ash of the bar forming circular hoops or
spiral to be used as special confining reinforcement shall not be less
than
fck Ag
Ash = 0.09 S DK ------- ----- - 1.0
fy Ak
Where,
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(i) The area of cross section, Ash, of the bar forming rectangular
hoop, to be used as special confining reinforcement shall not be
less than
fck Ag
Ash = 0.18 S h ------ ----- - 1.0
fy Ak
where,
+ Refer Fig.8
If the connection is confined by beams from all four sides and where each
beam width is at least 3/4 of the column width the amount of transverse
reinforcement may be reduced to half this value. The tie reinforcement at
beam-column joints may be reduced to half this value. The spacing of hoops
shall not exceed 150 mm.
The tie reinforcement may be provided by U-shaped ties, the length of legs
beyond the columns being kept is dictated by bond requirements so as to
develop full strength of the ties.
6.5 Staircases -
Large stair halls shall be separated from rest of the building by means of
isolation joints.
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In this type, one end of staircase rests on a wall and other end is carried
by columns and beams which have no connection with floors. The
opening at vertical joint between floor and stairs may be covered with
tread plate or with some material which will fracture during earthquake
without causing structural damage. The supporting members, columns
and walls are isolated from the surrounding floors by means of
separation sections.
In this type, stairs are built monolithically with floors; they can be
protected against damage by providing rigid walls at stair openings. In
such cases, there is no need to provide joints as mentioned in separated
staircases.
References :
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