COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

SESSIONAL II - SPRING 2018
CE- 209 Geotechnical & Foundation Engineering

Reg. No: Date: 31st May, 2018

Class: BCV- 6 Time Allowed: 60 minutes
Instructor: Imtiaz Ahmad Durrani Max Marks: 30

Note: Attempt in sequence & according to marks weightage. Assume any missing data.

Q-1: Differentiate between Wall, Combined, Strap and Raft foundations by (only) drawing Plan and X-section
of each type of footing. (CLO-2, C-2, PLO-1) (4)
Wall Footing Combined Footing

Strap Footing Mat Foundation

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Q-2: A foundation 4.0 meter square is placed at 2 meters depth below GSL, given the following data:

Foundation Pressure (q) = 200 kPa, γ = 19.5 kN/m3. Analyze the immediate settlement using
Schmertmann’s method. (CLO-4, C-4, PLO-2) (10)

Layer Description Layer Thickness Distance to Center of SPT - N Iv

z, ( m) Layer (m)
1 Sand (NC) 2 1 (0.25B) 35 0.35
2 Clayey Sand 4 4 (1.00B) 47 0.45
3 Silty Sand 2 7 (1.75B) 50 0.09

SOLUTION

• vo = Df = 19.5 x 2 = 39.0 kN/m2

• q = q – Df = 200 – 39.0 = 161.0 kPa

• C1 = 1 – 0.5 (svo/Dq) = 1 – 0.5 (39/161) = 0.88

Layer Description Layer Distance to SPT - N Iv Es (MPa) Iv (z)/Es

Thickness Center of (m/MPa)
z, ( m) Layer (m)
1 Sand (NC) 2 1 (0.25B) 35 0.35 500 x = 0.35 x 2/25 =
(35+15)/1000 0.028
= 25.00
2 Clayey 4 4 (1.00B) 47 0.45 320 x = 0.45 x 4/19.84
Sand (47+15)/1000 = 0.091
= 19.84
3 Silty Sand 2 7 (1.75B) 50 0.09 300 x = 0.09 x 2/16.80
(50+6)/1000 = = 0.011
16.80

•  Ivz/Es = 0.13 (m/MPa)

𝐼𝑣
• Total Settlement St = C1 C2 q  𝐸𝑠 (z) = 0.88 x 1 x 161 x 0.13

• St = 18.4mm

Q3: Describe the assumptions of Rankine’s Lateral Earth Pressure Theory. Graphically Explain the effect of
Wall Movement on the Earth Pressure Coefficients. (CLO-2, C-2, PLO-1) (4+2)

Assumptions:
 Soil is non-cohesive (c = 0) dry,
isotropic and homogenous
 Backfill is horizontal
 Wall is vertical
 Wall friction is neglected
 Failure is a Plane Strain Problem

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Q4: For the Retaining Wall shown below, Generate the following parameters: (CLO-5, C-5, PLO-3) (10)

1. Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure Ka.

2. Active Earth Pressure Pa.
3. Height above the base where active Thrust will act.
q = 30 kPa (UDL)

CLAY  = 18.5 kN/m3

2m
c = 15 kPa
GWT

SAND sat = 20.5 kN/m3

Ø = 32⁰ 6m

SOLUTION

 Earth Pressure Coefficient (Ka)

For Clay, Ø = 0⁰ and Ka = tan2 (45 + Ø /2) = 1

For Sand, Ø = 32⁰ and Ka = tan2 (45 + Ø /2) = tan2 (45 -16) = 0.307

 Earth Pressure Diagrams are shown below

7m
7m
6.7m
3m
3m
2m 2m

Surcharge Clay Clay Cohesion Water

1 = 30x1 = 30 1 = 18.5x2x1 = 1 = 2 x 15 x1 = 1 = 9.81 x 6 =
37 30 58.86
2 = 30x0.307 =
9.21 2 = 18.5x2x
0.307 = 11.36

Submerged
Sand
1 = (20.5-9.81)
x 6 x 0.307 =
19.69

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 Active Earth Pressure

Pa = (30 x 2) + (9.21 x 6) + (1/2 x 37 x 2) + (11.36 x 6) + (1/2 x 19.96 x 6) – (30 x 2) + (1/2 x

58.86 x 6) = 60 + 55.26 + 37 + 68.16 + 59.88 – 60 + 176.58
Pa = 396.88 kN

 Point of Application of Active Earth Pressure

Pa (X) = (60 x 7) + (55.26 x 3) + (37 x 6.7) + (68.16 x 3) + (59.88 x 2) – (60 x 7) + (176.58 x 2)

396.88 (X) = 1091.08
‫ ؞‬X = 1091.08/396.88 = 2.75m (above the base of the wall)

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