Compiled Materials Engineer Exam

MATERIALS
ENGINEER
ACCREDITATION
EXAMINATION
REVIEWER
1
SCHEDULE OF
MINIMUM TEST
REQUIREMENTS
(FREQUENCY)
2
Schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements Governing Items of Work of the
DPWH Specifications for Highways, Bridges and Airports (2004 Edition)
PART C - EARTHWORKS
ITEM 100 – CLEARING AND GRUBBING

* This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation
and debris as designated in the contract.
Tests: None
ITEM 101 – REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

* This item shall consist of the removal wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all
buildings, fences, structures, old pavements abandoned pipelines, and any other
obstruction which are not designated or permitted to remain.
Tests: None
ITEM 102 – EXCAVATION

* This item shall consist of roadway, drainage and borrow excavation and the disposal of
materials.
Tests: Same as for Items 103, 104 and 105, whichever is applicable
ITEM 103 – STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

* This item shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of bridges, culverts,
under-drains, and other structures not otherwise provided in the specifications.
If the excavated materials are washed, the volume involved shall be reported so
that quality control requirements may be adjusted accordingly (submit Project
Engineer Certificate of Waste).
If the excavated materials are incorporated into the work:
Tests:
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 – G, Grading Test
1 – P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 – C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 150 mm in uncompacted depth:
1 – D, Field Density
ITEM 104 – EMBANKMENT

* This item shall consist of the construction of embankment.
Tests:
For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:
3
For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction
thereof: At least one group of three in – situ density test. The
layer shall be placed not exceeding200 mm in loose
measurement or based on the result of compacted trials.
ITEM 105 – SUBGRADE PREPARATION

* This item shall consist of the preparation of the sub-grade for the support of overlying
structural layers.
Tests: Same as for Item 104
ITEM 106 – COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

* This item shall be used in determining the density requirements of selected
embankments, sub-grade, bases and bituminous concrete.
Tests: Same as for Items104, 105, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206 and
300
ITEM 107 – OVERHAUL

* This item shall consist of authorized hauling in excess of free-haul distance.
Tests: None
PART D – SUB - BASE AND BASE COURSE
ITEM 200 – AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE

* This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compaction of aggregate sub-base
course on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests:
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
1 – CBR, California Bearing Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based on the result
of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in – situ density tests for each 500
m2 or fraction thereof
ITEM 201 – AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

* This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and compaction of aggregate base course
on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests:
4
1 – CBR, California Bearing Test
ITEM 202 – CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

* This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and compacting crushed gravel, crushed
stone or crush rock on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests:
Same as for Item 201
1 – F, Fractured face
ITEM 203 – LIME STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course composed of soil aggregate,
lime and water in proper proportions.
Amount of lime to be added:
3 – 12 mass percent of dry soil aggregates test
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
For every1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
B. MIX
1 – UC, Unconfined Compaction Test
C. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
For every layer of 150 mm compacted depth:
1 – D, Field Density Test for every 150 m or fraction thereof
1 – T, Thickness determination fro every 150 m or fraction
thereof
D. HYDRATED LIME
For every 100T or fraction thereof:
1 – Q, Quality Test
5
ITEM 204 – PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course, composed of soil aggregate,
Portland cement and water in proper proportions.
Amount of cement to be added:
6 to 10 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
B. CEMENT
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof
C. WATER
1 – Q, Quality Test/Project Engineer’s Certificate
D. MIX
1 – UC, Unconfined Compaction Test
1 – CBR, California Bearing Ratio
E. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
1 – T, Thickness Determination for every 150 m or fraction
thereof
ITEM 205 – ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course, composed of soil aggregate
and asphaltic material in proper proportions.
Amount of asphalt to be added:
4 – 7 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
B. EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 40T of 200 drums or fraction
thereof
C. MIX
C. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
ITEM 206 – PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED TREATED PLANT MIX BASE

COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface course composed of aggregate
Portland cement and water in proper proportion.
Amount of cement to be added:
6 to 10 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
6
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
B. PORTLAND CEMENT
For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
C. MIX
D. WATER
1 – Q, Quality Test/Project Engineer’s Certificate
E. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
1 – T, Thickness Determination for every 150 m or fraction
thereof
ITEM 207 – AGGREGATE STOCKPILE

* This item shall furnishing and placing aggregate in stockpiles at locations.
Tests:
Same as the specified Item No. of the Specification
PART E – SURFACE COURSES
ITEM 300 – AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE

* This item shall consist of wearing of top course composed of gravel or crushed
aggregate and other binder material.
Tests:
For crushed gravel or crushed stone 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
ITEM 301 – BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT

* This item shall consist of preparing and treating an aggregate base course.
Quantity:
1 to 2 L/m2
Test:
7
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 40T or 200 drums
ITEM 302 – BITUMINOUS TACKCOAT

* This item shall consist of preparing and treating an existing bituminous or cement
concrete with bituminous material.
Quantity:
0.2 to 0.7 L/m2
Test:
ITEM 303 – BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT

* This item shall consist of an application of bituminous material with or w/o an
application of aggregate on an existing bituminous surface course.
A. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
0.2 to 1.5 L/m2
Test:
B. COVER AGGREGATES
Quantity:
5 to 14 kg/m2
Test:
For every 75 m3/200 kg or fraction thereof:
ITEM 304 – BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

* This item shall consist of either a single application of bituminous materials followed
by a single spreading of aggregate (single surface treatment) or two applications
bituminous material each followed.
A. AGGREGATES
Quantity:
13.6 to 38 kg/m2 if using cut – back asphalt or asphalt cement
13.6 to 19.04 kg/m2 if using emulsified asphalt
Tests:
For every 75 m3/200 kg or fraction thereof:
1 – P, Plasticity Test (LL, PI)
1 – F, Fractured Face
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
1.58 to 2.04 L/m2 if using cut – back asphalt or asphalt cement
1.58 to 2.04 L/m2 if using emulsified asphalt
8
ITEM 305 – BITUMINOUS PENETRATION MACADAM PAVEMENT
* This item shall consist of furnishing and placing one or more aggregate and one or
more application of bituminous material followed by a seal coat a with cover aggregate
constructed on a prepared base.
A. AGGREGATES
Quantity:
Using Asphalt Cement or Rapid Curing Emulsified Asphalt
Course (crushed) 80 kg/m2
Key (crushed) 24 kg/m2
Cover (crushed or screened) 8 kg/m2
Quantity:
7.2 to 11 L/m2
Test:
ITEM 306 – BITUMINOUS ROAD MIX SURFACE COURSE

* This item shall consist of constructing a bituminous road mix surface course on a
prepared base.
A. AGGREGATES
Tests:
Quantity:
Using cut – back asphalt – 4.5 to 7 mass % of total dry aggregate
Using emulsified asphalt – 6 to 10 mass % of total dry aggregate
Tests:
C. MIX
Tests:
For every 75 m3/130T or fraction thereof:
1 – Ext, Stability Test
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
E. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
For each full day’s operation:
D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one (1) but not more
than three (3) samples shall be taken
ITEM 307 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX SURFACE COURSE – GENERAL
9
* This item includes general requirements that are applicable to all type of bituminous
surface courses irrespective of gradation of aggregate or kind and amount of bituminous
material.
A. AGGREGATE
Tests:
1 – G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion, Stripping
and Bulk specific gravity)
Quantity:
5 to 8 mass percent of total dry aggregates
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums or fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
1 – G. Grading Test
1 – Ext, Stability Test
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
1 – G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL, PI)
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
For each full day’s operation:
D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one (1) but not more
than three (3) samples shall be taken
ITEM 308 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX SURFACE COURSE – COLD LAID

* This item shall consist of constructing Bituminous Surface Course (Asphalt Cold Mix)
prepared in central mixing plant, laid cold on a prepared base.
A.AGGREGATE
Tests:
Quantity:
Using cut – back asphalt -- 4.5 to 7 mass % of total dry aggregate
Using emulsified asphalt – 6 to 10 mass % of total dry aggregate
10
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
1 – G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL, PI)
Tests:
ITEM 309 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX (STOCKPILE MAINTENANCE

MIXTURE)
* This item shall consist of a bituminous stockpile maintenance mixture composed of
aggregate, mineral filler, hydrated lime and bituminous material mixed in a central plant.
A. AGGREGATE
Tests:
Quantity:
4 to 10 mass percent of total mix
Tests:
C. MIX
Tests:
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
Tests:
ITEM 310 – BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE – HOT LAID

* This item shall consist of constructing a bituminous concrete surface course composed
of aggregate, mineral filler and bituminous material mixed in a central plant, constructed
and laid hot on prepared base.
11
A. AGGREGATES
Tests:
Quantity:
5 to 8 mass percent of total mix
Tests:
C. MIX
Tests:
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
Tests:
ITEM 311 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT

* This item shall consist of pavement of Portland cement concrete, with or without
reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base.
A. CEMENT
Quantity:
9.0 bags/m3 (40 kg/bag)
Test:
B. FINE AGGREGATE
Quantity:
0.50 m2/m3 concrete if using rounded course aggregate
0.54 m2/m3 concrete if using angular or crushed coarse
aggregate
Tests:
a.) For a source not yet tested or failed in previous quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation – wash, Bulk Specific
Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength, Soundness, Organic
Impurities, Unit Weight, % clay lumps and % shale)
b.) For a source previously tested and passed quality test:
Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength)
12
C. COURSE AGGREGATE
Quantity:
0.77 m2/m3 concrete if using rounded coarse aggregate
2 3
0.68 m /m concrete if using angular or crushed coarse
aggregate
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption,
Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight)
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption
and Abrasion)
D. WATER
Test:
1 – Certificate from Project Engineer or 1 – Q, Quality Test if
source is questionable
E. JOINT FILLER
1. Poured joint filler
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test on each type of ingredient for each
shipment
2. Pre – molded joint filler
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each
shipment
F. SPECIAL CURING AGENTS
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for each shipment
G. STEEL BARS
Test:
For every 10,000 kg or fraction thereof for each size:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Bending, Tension and Quality Analysis)
H. CONCRETE
Test:
Flexural Strength Test on concrete beam samples:
1 – Set consisting of 3 beam samples shall represent a 330 m2 of
pavement, 230 mm depth or fraction thereof placed each day
Volume of concrete not more than 75 m3
I. COMPLETED PAVEMENT
Test:
Thickness determination by concrete core drilling on a lot basis
13
Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per 500 m when
two (2) lanes are poured concurrently
PART F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEM 400 - PILING

* This item shall consist of piling, furnished, driven or placed, cut and spliced.
A. TIMBER PILES
Test:
1 – Inspection Report for each size and shipment of timber
B. CONCRETE PILES
a.) Concrete
Test: Same as for Item 405
b.) Reinforcing Steel
Test: Same as for Item 404
C. STRUCTURAL PILES
Tests:
1 – IR, inspection Report
1 – Q, Quality Test or Mill Test Certificate
ITEM 401 – RAILINGS

* This item shall consist of furnishing, fabricating or placing, for bridges and other
structures of the material of combination of materials.
A. CONCRETE
Test:
Same as for Item 405, Class C
B. REINFORCING STEEL
Test:
ITEM 402 – TIMBER STRUCTURES

* This item shall consist of construction of timber structures to the dimensions, lines and
grades as shown on the plans.
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test or Manufacturer’s Certificate for each type of
material used
1 – IR, Inspection Report for each type and shipment of timber
ITEM 403 – METAL STRUCTURES

* This work shall consist of steel structures portions of composite structures, constructed
in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades and dimension.
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test or Manufacturer’s Certificate for each type of
material used
1 – IR, Inspection Report for each type and shipment of metal
14
ITEM 404 – REINFORCING STEEL
* This item shall consist of furnishing, bending, fabricating and placing of steel
reinforcement of the type, size, shape and grade required.
A. BAR REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE
Test:
B. WIRE AND WIRE MESH
Test:
ITEM 405 – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

* This item shall consist of furnishing, bending, and placing and finishing concrete in all
structures except pavements.
A. CEMENT
Quantity: (40 kg/bag)
Class A 9 bags/m3 of concrete – 3,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Class B 8 bags/m3 of concrete – 2,400 psi/16.4 MPa
Class C 9.5 bags/m3 of concrete – 3,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Class B 11 bags/m3 of concrete – 5,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Class Seal 9.5 bags/m3 of concrete – 3,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Test:
1 –Q, Quality Test
B. FINE AGGREGATES
Quantity:
ROUNDED ANGULAR/CRUSHED
Class A 0.50 0.54 m2/m3 of concrete
Class B 0.45 0.52 m2/m3 of concrete
Class C 0.53 0.59 m2/m3 of concrete
Class P 0.44 0.47 m2/m3 of concrete
Test:
Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength, Soundness, Organic
Impurities, Unit Weight, % clay lumps and % shale)
Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength)
C. COARSE AGGREGATES
Quantity:
15
ROUNDED ANGULAR/CRUSHED
Class A 0.77 0.68 m2/m3 of concrete
Class B 0.82 0.73 m2/m3 of concrete
Class C 0.70 0.66 m2/m3 of concrete
Class P 0.56 0.65 m2/m3 of concrete
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption,
Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight)
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption
and Abrasion)
D. WATER
Tests:
E. PRE – MOLDED FILLER FOR EXPANSION JOINTS
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each shipment
F. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
G. CONCRETE
Tests:
Compressive Strength Test on concrete cylinder samples, one (1)
set consisting three (3) concrete cylinder samples shall be taken
from each day’s pouring and to represent not more than 75 m 3 of
concrete or fraction thereof
ITEM 406 – PRE – STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

* This item shall consist of pre-stressed concrete structures and the pre-stressed concrete
portions of composite structures.
A. CONCRETE
Tests:
Same as for Item 405, Class P
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
C. WIRE STRAND
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 20T or fraction thereof
16
ITEM 407 – CONCRETE STRUCTURES
*This item shall consist of the general description of the materials, equipment,
workmanship and construction requirements of concrete structures and the concrete
portions of composite structures.
Tests:
Same as for Items 403, 404 and 411
Elastometric Bearing Pads will be tested to determine its quality
ITEM 408 – STEEL BRIDGES

* This item shall consist of construction of steel structure conforming to the lines, grades,
dimension and designs.
Tests:
Same as for Item 403 and 411
Painting:
1 – Q, One 20 – L can for every 100 cans or fraction thereof
ITEM 409 – WELDED STRUCTURAL STEEL

* This work shall consist of the joining of structural steel members with welds of the type.
Test:
Same as for 403 and Inspection Report
ITEM 410 – TREATED AND UNTREATED TIMBER

* This item shall consist of structural timber of the specie size called on the plans either
treated or untreated as called for in the proposal.
Test:
1 – IR, Inspection report
1 – Q, Quality Test for preservatives
ITEM 411 – PAINT

* This item shall consist of furnishing and applying all paint materials including
vehicles, pigments, pastes, dryers, thinners, and mixed paints for steel and wooden
structures.
Test:
ITEM 412 – ELASTOMETRIC BEARING PADS

*This item shall consist of the requirement for elastomeric bearing pads whose main
function is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement between a bridge
superstructure and its supporting structures
ITEM 413 – PRE – MOLDED JOINT FILLER FOR CONCRETE PAVING AND
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
17
* Preformed sponge rubber and rock expansion joint filler for concrete paving and
structural construction.
PART G – DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES
ITEM 500 – PIPE CULVERTS AND STORMDRAINS

* This item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm
drains.
A. PIPES
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for one (1) pipe for every 50 pieces
(Strength, Absorption and Dimension)
Alternative Requirements:
1. Compressive Strength for one (1) set consisting of three (3)
concrete cylinder samples for not more than twenty – five (25)
pipe cast in the field
2. Inspection Report for each size for not more than twenty – five
(25) pipes cast in the field
B. MORTAR AND JOINT FILLER
Cement, fine aggregates and water:
Test:
ITEM 501 – UNDERDRAINS

* This item shall consist of constructing under drains, using pipe and granular filter
materials, under drain pipe outlets, and blind drain using granular materials.
A. CONCRETE PIPE (NON – REINFORCED)
Test:
Quality Test for 0.5% of the number of pipes for each size but not
less than two (2) for Strength, Absorption and Dimension
Alternative requirements:
1. Compressive Strength for one (1) set consisting of three (3)
concrete cylinder samples for not more than twenty – five (25)
pipe cast in the field
2. Inspection Report for each size for not more than twenty – five
(25) pipes cast in the field
B. CLAY PIPE
Test:
Quality Test for one (1) pipe for every 200 pieces of each size,
with a minimum number of two (2) specimens for Strength,
Absorption and Dimension
ITEM 502 – MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCHBASINS
18
* This item shall consist of the construction, reconstruction or adjustment of manholes,
inlets, and catch basins.
A. CONCRETE
Test:
Same as for Item 405, Class A
B. LIDS, CAST IRON FRAMES AND GRATING
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 503 – DRAINAGE STEEL GRATING WITH FRAME

* The steel frame clear openings of drainage grates shall be 15 mm larger than nominal
sizes of industry standard sized pits.
ITEM 504 – CLEANING AND RECONDITIONING OF EXISTING DRAINAGE

STRUCTURES
* This item shall consist of cleaning and reconditioning existing pipes and appurtenant
structures.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 505 – RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP

* This item shall consist of the furnishing and placing riprap with or without grout as the
case maybe, with or without filter backing.
Test:
(Cement – Aggregate ratio = 1:3)
ITEM 506 – STONE MASONRY

* This item shall consist of stone masonry of minor structures, in headwalls for culverts,
in retaining walls at the toes of slopes.
A. CEMENT
Quantity:
2 bags/m3 of concrete
Test:
(Cement – Aggregate ratio = 1:2)
B. FINE AGGREGATE
Quantity:
0.17 m2/m3 of concrete
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (same as for Item 405)
C. STONE
19
Test:
Inspection Report
D. WATER
Test:
ITEM 507 – RUBBLE CONCRETE
* This item shall consist of construction of rubble concrete.
ITEM 508 – HAND – LAID ROCK EMBANKMENT

* This item shall consist of hand-laid rock embankment.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 509 – SHEET PILES

* This item shall consist of furnishing, driving cutting off of sheet pile.
A. TIMBER SHEET PILES
Test:
Inspection Report
B. CONCRETE SHEET PILES
Test:
C. STEEL SHEET PILES
Test:
ITEM 510 – CONCRETE SLOPE PROTECTION

* This item shall consist of furnishing and placing of concrete slope protection including
all necessary excavation, a bed course and reinforced concrete to the required thickness
and extent to protect slope against erosion.
A. BED COURSE
Test:
B. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
C. CONCRETE
Test:
ITEM 511 – GABIONS

* This item shall consist of furnishing, forming wire mesh baskets, and placing rocks
installed at the location designated.
Test:
20
PART H – MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES
ITEM 600 – CURB AND GUTTER

* This item shall construction of curb and gutter either pre-cast of cast - in place made of
concrete.
A. CONCRETE
Quantity:
0.078 m3/m (curb only)
0.092 m3/m (curb and gutter, Type A)
0.145 m3/m (curb and gutter, Type B)
0.074 m3/m (curb and gutter, Type C)
Test:
B. JOINT FILLER
Test:
ITEM 601 – SIDEWALK

* This item shall consist of construction of asphalt of Portland cement concrete sidewalk.
A. CONCRETE
Test:
B. PRE – MOLDED EXPANSION JOINT FILLER
Test:
ITEM 602 – MONUMENTS, MARKERS AND GUIDE POSTS

* This item shall consist of right-of-way monuments, maintenance marker posts,
kilometer posts and/ or guideposts.
A. CONCRETE
Test:
B. REINFORCING STEEL
Test:
C. TIMBER
Test:
D. PAINT
Test:
ITEM 603 – GUARDRAIL

* This item shall consist of furnishing and constructing posts and guardrails.
21
A. STEEL POSTS
Test:
B. TIMBER POSTS
Test:
C. CONCRETE
Test:
D. REINFORCING STEEL
Test:
E. RAIL
Test:
Inspection Report
F. PAINT
Test:
ITEM 604 – FENCING

* This item shall consist of furnishing and constructing of post and barb wire or chain
link fences.
A. BARB WIRE, CHAIN LINK FABRIC
Test:
B. CONCRETE POSTS
Test:
C. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
ITEM 605 – ROAD SIGN

* This item shall consist of furnishing and installing road signs.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 606 – PAVEMENT MARKINGS

* This item shall consist of placing markings of the finished pavement.
Test:
ITEM 607 – REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT STUDS

* This item shall consist of furnishing and installing reflective pavement studs on the
surface of the pavement.
Test:
22
Inspection Report
ITEM 608 – TOPSOIL

* This consists of topsoil furnished, transported and spread, or topsoil removed from
designated areas, haul and spread.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 609 – SPRIGGING

* This item consists of planting sprigs of living grass plants.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 610 – SODDING

* This item shall consist of furnishing and laying of live sod on the shoulders, slopes,
ditches, or other locations as designated, construction of sod ditch checks or similar
appurtenances.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 611 – TREE PLANTING

* This item shall consist of furnishing and planting deciduous shade, flowering trees
evergreen trees less than 150 mm diameter on the areas.
Test:
Inspection Report
ITEM 612 – REFLECTIVE THERMOPLASTIC STRIPPING

* This item shall be applied to the road surface in a molten state by mechanical means
with surface application glass beads at a rate not less than 350g/L.
PART I – MATERIALS DETAILS
ITEM 700 – HYDRATED CEMENT

Test:
ITEM 701 – CONSTRUCTION LIME (HYDRATED)

Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 100T or fraction thereof
ITEM 702 – BITUMINOUS MATERIALS

Test:
Same as for Items 301, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309 and 310
23
ITEM 703 – AGGREGATES
Test:
Same as for item of work in the Bill of Quantities
ITEM 703A – MINERAL FILLER

* This item shall consist of finely divided material mineral matter such as rock dust, slug
dust, hydrated lime, hydraulic cement, fly ash or other suitable mineral matter.
Test:
ITEM 704 – MASONRY UNITS

Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 units or fraction thereof
ITEM 705 – JOINT MATERIALS

Test:
Same as for Items 311 and 500
ITEM 706 – CONCRETE, CLAY, PLASTIC AND FIBER PIPES

A. CONCRETE
Test:
B. CLAY AND OTHER TYPE OF PIPES
Test:
Refer to applicable requirements of AASHTO Test and Specs
ITEM 707 – METAL PIPE

Test:
ITEM 708 – CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS AND ADMIXTURE

* This item specifies the classification, sampling, testing, packing and marking of
concrete admixtures.
Test:
ITEM 709 – PAINTS

Test:
ITEM 710 – REINFORCING STEEL AND WIRE ROPE

A. REINFORCING STEEL
Test:
B.WIRE ROPE
24
Test:
ITEM 711 – FENCE AND GUARDRAIL

A. FENCE
Test:
B. GUARDRAIL
Test:
ITEM 712 – STRUCTURAL METAL

Test:
Same as for Items 403 and 406
ITEM 713 – TREATED AND UNTREATED TIMBER

Test:
ITEM 714 – WATER

Test:
Certificate from Project Engineer or 1 – Q, Quality Test, if source
is questionable
ITEM 715 – GEOTEXTILES

* This item covers geotextiles fabric for use in subsurface drainage, hydraulic filter,
erosion control, sediment control, pavement superstructures as a water proofing and
stress relieving membrane, and as permeable separator to prevent mixing of dissimilar
materials.
25
TABLES
26
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
MATERIALS MNIMUM TESTING MINIMUM

REQUIREMENTS QUANTITY/VOLUME OF
MATERIALS FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
1. Cement 1 sample per 2000 bags 10 kg
1 sample per 40T or 200
2. Asphaltic material 5L
drums
3. Asphalt mix 1 sample per 130T 20 kg
4. Aggregates 1 sample per 1,500 m3
a. coarse aggregate 70 kg
b. fine aggregate 50 kg
5. Soil aggregates 1 sample per 1,500 m3
a. Classification 20 kg
b. Routinary tests 50 kg
c. MDR test and CBR 50 kg
6. Non – Reinforced Concrete 2 pipes min./0.5% of no.
2 pipes
Pipes of pipes
1 sample per 50 pipes or 1 pipe (1 m length)
7. Reinforced Concrete Pipes
2% of # of pipes
1 sample per 500 lengths 2 pcs Of 100 mm long taken from
8.Steel pipe (galvanized)
both ends w/ thread
9. Concrete hollow blocks (CHB) 1 sample per 10,000 units
a. strength 3 units
b. moisture content 3 units
10. Steel bar 1 sample per 10T 1m
11. Steel sheet (galvanized) 1 sample per 100 sheets 3 pcs 60mm x 60mm
12. Wire strand 1 sample per 20T 2m
13. Gabion 1m x 2m
14. Paints 1 sample per 100 cans 1 - 4L can
15. Joint – filler (pre – molded) 1 – 400mm x 400mm
16. Curing compound 1L
17. Concrete cylinder 1 sample per 75 m3 1 set (3 cylinders)
18. Concrete beam 1 sample per 75 m3 or 1
1 set (3 cylinders)
day pouring
19. Concrete core 5 holes for every km/lane
20. Asphalt core 1 core for every 100m
21. Water
500 ml
a. Chemical analysis
500 ml
b. Sediment load analysis
22. Structural steel/sheet 1 sample per 50T Reduced section as prescribed
23. Hydrated lime 1 sample per 100T
27
COMPOSITION AND STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR USE IN STRUCTURE
Class of Minimum Maximum Consistency Designated Minimum

concrete cement water – range in size of compressive
content per cement ratio slump coarse strength of
cu. m aggregate 150mm x
300mm
square concrete
kg (bags) kg/kg mm (inch) opening – cylinder @
std. mm 28 days
MN/m2 (psi)
50 -100 (2 – 37. 5 – 4.75
A 360 (9) 0.53 20.7 (3000)
4) (1 ½ - No. 4)
50 -100 (2 – 50.0 – 4.75
B 320 (8.5) 0.58 16.5 (2400)
4) (2 - No. 4)
50 -100 (2 – 12. 5 – 4.75
C 380 (9.5) 0.55 20.7 (3000)
4) (½ - No. 4)
100 max ( 4 19.0 – 4.75
P 440 (11) 0.49 37. 7 (5000)
max) (3/4 - No. 4)
100 – 200 (4 25.0 – 4.75
Seal 380 (9.5) 0.58 20.7 (3000)
– 8) (1 - No. 4)
PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR PAVEMENT WITH DEFICIENCY IN

STRENGTH
Deficiency in strength of concrete Percent (%) of

pavement contract price
Percent (%) allowed
Less than 5 100
5 to less than 10 80
25 or more 0
28
PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR PAVEMENT WITH DEFICIENCY IN
THICKNESS
Deficiency in the Percent (%) of

average thickness contract price
per lot(mm) per lot
0–5 100
6 – 10 95
11 – 15 85
16 – 20 70
21 – 25 50
more than 25 removed and replaced (no payment)
COMMON LABORATORY TESTS
Kind of material Type of test Test duration per sample

(min. # of days)
Cement Physical and chemical 8
Coarse aggregate Grading 3
Specific gravity 3
Absorption 3
Abrasion 1
Unit weight 1
Fine aggregate Grading 3

Specific gravity 3
Absorption 3
Unit weight 1
Soil aggregates mixture Grading 3

(subbase, base and surfaces
courses
Liquid limit 3
Plastic limit 3
Compaction 3
CBR 7
Abrasion 1
Asphalt Physical 4
29
Paint Physical and chemical 4
Concrete cylinder Compressive 1
Concrete beam Flexural 1
Concrete core Cutting of sample 1
LIMITATIONS/VARIATIONS
ITEM ITEM ITEM 1TEM ITEM ITEM ITEM

104 105 200 201 202 203 300
Abrasion loss 50% 50% 45% 45%
max max max max
Plastic index 6% 12% 6% 4% to 4% to
6% max
max max max 10% 9%
Liquid limit 30% 35% 25% 25% 35%
max max max max max
Permitted
variation from
+15mm,
design ±20mm ±10mm
-5mm
THICKNESS
OF LAYER
Permitted
variation from +20mm, +10mm, -5mm, +15mm,
design LEVEL -30mm -20mm -10mm -5mm
OF SURFACE
Permitted
surface
irregularity 30mm 20mm 5mm 5mm
measured by 3-
m straight edge
Permitted
variation from
±0.5% ±0.3% ±0.2% +0.2%
design cross
fall or camber
Permitted
variation from
design
±0.1% ±0.1% ±0.1% +0.1%
longitudinal
grade over 25m
length
California 30% 80% 80%
100% 80% min
Bearing Ratio min min min
30
DIMESION OF PILES
Length of pile Ø (1m from the butt) Minimum

minimum maximum tip Ø
less than 12m 300mm 450mm 200mm
12m to 18m 320mm 450mm 180mm
more than 18m 350mm 500mm 150mm
REMOVAL OF FORMS
Scope of work Minimum time Minimum % of design

strength
Centering under girders,
14 days 80%
beams, frames or arches
Floors slabs 14 days 70%
Walls 1 day 70%
Columns 2 days 70%
Sides of beams and all other
1 day 70%
vertical surfaces
SIEVE SIZES
NO. 200 0.075mm NO. 20 0.840mm

NO. 100 0.150mm NO. 16 1.180mm
NO. 60 0.300mm NO. 12 1.700mm
NO.50 0.250mm NO. 10 2.000mm
NO. 40 0.425mm NO. 8 2.360mm
NO. 30 0.600mm NO. 4 4.750mm
DETAILS OF WELDS
Size of fillet weld Maximum thickness of part

5mm 13mm
6mm 19mm
8mm 32mm
10mm 51mm
13mm 152mm
16mm 152mm and above
31
MINIMUM LAP FOR SPLICING
GRADE 40 GRADE 60
Tension 24 times bar Ø 36 times bar Ø
Compression 20 times bar Ø 24 times bar Ø
MINERAL FILLER SHALL BE GRADE WITH IN THE FF. LIMITS (703-A)
Sieve size Mass % passing

NO. 30 100
NO. 50 95 – 100
NO. 200 70 - 100
HYDRATED LIME SHALL CONFORM TO THE FF. REQUIREMENTS (701)
Sieve size Mass % passing

NO. 20 100
NO. 200 85 - 100
MINIMUM WEIGHT OF SAMPLE FOR MOISTURE CONTENT
Sieve No. (passing) Weight

NO. 40 25 grams
NO. 10 50 grams
NO. 4 200 grams
½” 300 grams
1” 500 grams
2” 1000 grams
32
REVIEW
QUESTION
S
33
1. What is the sample for compressive strength determination of a structural
concrete? Answer: concrete cylinder sample
2. What is the test to determine the consistency of concrete?

Ans: Slump test
3. What is the length required for RSB sample for quality test?
Ans: 1.0 m/10,000 kg/size/shipment
4. How many samples should be taken for every 75 cu.m fresh concrete?
Ans: 1 set consist of 3-pcs sample
5. What is the required size of test specimen for G.I. sheets?
Ans: 3 pcs-60 mm in 1 sht/100 sheets
6. What kind of paint that has a reflectance or beads?
Ans: Reflectorized Paint
7. What is that construction material that has a property of being a dark brown to
black cementitious material in which the predominating substance is bitumen?
Ans: asphalt
8. For how long or how many hours shall a bituminous prime coat be left
undisturbed?
Ans: 24 hours
9. What is the rate of application of bituminous tack coat?
Ans: 0.2 to 0.7 L/sq.m
10. What is the penetration grade of blown asphalt?
Ans: 0 to 30 penetration grade
11. What kind of sample is taken for flexural test?

Ans: Concrete beam sample
12. What are the tests needed for the 2.650 cu.m Item 201 (Aggregate Base Course)?
Ans: CBR, abrasion, GPCD
13. How many grading tests are required for a 3,200 cu.m selected borrow topping
(Item 104)?
Ans: 3 grading tests
14. As a materials Engineer, what will you recommend if you find out that the
materials to be used as Item 200 if finer than the required materials?
Ans: blend Item 200 with coarser materials
15. What is the standard specification for LL and PI of Item 201?
34
Ans: maximum of 25% and maximum of 6% respectively
16. What is the CBR requirement for Item 201?
Ans: 80% maximum
17. What asphalt is used for sealing weaken plane joint of concrete pavement?
Ans: Blown Asphalt
18. What is Item 311 of the DPWH Specification (Blue Book)?
Ans: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
19. What is the machine used for abrasion test?
Ans: Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
20. How to determine the degree of compaction of Items 104, 200, & 201?
Ans: by Field Density Test
21. What is the formula in obtaining the value of PI?
Ans: Liquid Limit minus Plastic Limit
22. What are the other terms for sieve analysis?
Ans: Grading Test, Particle Size Distribution Test, Mechanical Analysis
23. What is the degree of compaction of the soil if the wet density is 2,200 kg/m 3,
with an actual moisture content of 10.2% and a maximum dry density of 1,960
kg/m3?
Ans: 101.23%
24. How many concrete cores shall be taken for one (1) kilometer concrete pavement?
Ans: 5 holes/km/lane
25. What is the moisture content of the soil having an original weight of 162.5 grams
and an oven – dried weight of 138.2 grams?
Ans: 17.58%
26. If the group index of a soil is high, what indication does it mean?
Ans: the soil is clayey
27. As a Materials Engineer, how can you determine that the sample placed in the
oven is already oven – dried?
Ans: if the sample reaches its constant weight
28. In oven drying a sample for test, what temperature shall be maintained?
Ans: 110 ± 5oC
29. Why is it that cooling an oven dried sample before weighing is advisable?
Ans: because it can affect its weight
30. What is the difference between hygroscopic moisture content from natural
moisture content?
Ans: hygroscopic moisture content is the moisture content of an air- dried
sample while natural moisture content is the moisture content of the original
sample from the field.
31. For how many bags of cement does a 10 kgs. sample represents?
Ans: 2000 bags
32. For 15, 000 kgs RSB, how many samples shall be submitted for Quality Test?
Ans: 2 pcs – 1 m sample
33. An admixture is being introduced to the fresh concrete mixture for heavily
reinforced concrete structure using a pumpcrete to pump out the fresh concrete
mix, what admixture should it be?
35
Ans: Superplasticizer
34. What is the use of blown asphalt?
Ans: as joint filler and water proofing
35. What asphalt is commonly known as hot asphalt or penetration grade asphalt?
Ans: Asphalt Cement
36. How many days does the sample for Immersion – Compression Test be soaked in
water?
Ans: 4 days @ 50 oC
37. If ductility test is for asphalt, _____ is for cement?

Ans: Magnesium Oxide, Insoluble Residue, Loss on Ignition
38. Paint is composed of _____
Ans: 35% vehicle, 50% pigment, 15% beads
39. What is the size of tamping rod used in tamping concrete sample?
Ans: 16 mm Ø and 610 mm long with hemispherical tip
40. What is the temperature to be maintained when curing sample after its initial
curing?
Ans: 23o C ± 1.7o C
41. Concrete cylinders are cured and ready for test. Temperature between 63°F to
85°F are permitted for a period not to exceed _____ hours immediately prior to
test if free moisture is maintained on the surface of the specimen at all times.
Ans: three (3)
42. The molds of specimen not to be transported shall be removed after initial curing
of _____ hours and should be cured to the standard curing temperature of 73.4 °F
± 3°F
Ans: Twenty-four (24)
43. High plasticity index means _____ of a soil?
Ans: high degree of compressibility
44. Sample to be used for liquid limit and plastic limit tests should pass to what
sieve?
Ans: No. 40 (0.425 mm)
45. What compaction rammer shall used if the specs given for Moisture – Density
Relation Test (MDR) is T – 180?
Ans: 4.54 kg with 457 mm drop
46. A bean mold measuring 6” x 6” x 20 is to be used for sampling concrete, how
many blows/tamps per layer shall be applied?
Ans: 60 blows/layer
47. If asphalt mix having a weight of 3,020g and an aggregate weighing 2,865.98g,
what is the % asphalt by weight of mix?
Ans: 5.10%
48. What is the material used for Bituminous Prime Coat?
Ans: Cut-back asphalt
49. In Item 303, application of cover aggregates shall be evenly spread over the
surface at the rate of approximately _____?
Ans: 0.004 to 0.007 m3/m2
36
50. Applying the tolerance of 0.4% for asphalt content to your answer in prob. 47,
what is the acceptable range of asphalt content?
Ans: 4.7% to 5.5%
51. An embankment having a PI of 30%, LL of 40% and GI of 0, what is the degree
of compaction for this kind of soil?
Ans: 95% degree of compaction
52. The minimum cement factor for concrete Class “A” is 9 bags/cu.m, how about for
concrete Class “B”?
Ans: 8 bags/ cu.m
53. Quality control testing in a DPWH project is the responsibility of the_____?

Ans: Contractor
54. As Materials Engineer, when is the right time to start sampling and testing
aggregates?
Ans: Once the source is identified
55. The minimum compressive strength for concrete Class “P” is 5,000 psi, what is
the minimum compressive strength for concrete Class “C”?
Ans: 3000 psi
56. The volume of concrete mixer per batch shall not exceed the mixer’s nominal
capacity in cu.m as shown on the manufacturer’s standard plate on the mixer,
except that an overload up to _____ percent above the mixer’s nominal capacity
may be permitted provided concrete test data for strength, segregation, and
uniform consistency are satisfactory, and provided that no spillage of concrete
takes place.
Answer: Ten (10)
57. Where do we take additional cores when the measurement of any core taken from
pavement is deficient in thickness by more than 25 mm?
Answer: at no less than 5 meter intervals parallel to the centerline in each
direction from the affected location
58. Under what climatic condition do we use lower penetration grade or hard asphalt?
Answer: hot climate (cold climate – higher penetration grade or soft asphalt)
59. What is the basis for the acceptance or rejection of any construction material?
Answer: Materials test results/reports
60. Penetration test is for asphalt: cement is to _____?

Answer: consistency
61. Slump test is a very important test in fresh concrete to determine _____?
Answer: consistency of concrete
62. How many samples should be taken for an asphalt mix for each full day’s
operation?
Answer: at least one but not to exceed three samples
37
63. The thickness of asphalt core using a caliper is based on how many
measurements?
Answer: four (4)
64. The thickness of concrete core using a caliper is based on how many
measurements?
Answer: nine (9)
65. Failed samples do not necessarily mean that the structure it represents is
defective, why?
Answer: may be the sampling is incorrect
66. The specification calls for a 1: 2:4 concrete mix. In a one bagger mixer, which of
the following amount of water is most likely required for the mix?
Answer: 20 liters
67. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine ______.

Answer: overheating during the process of manufacture
68. How many samples shall be submitted for test if 315 pails of flat wall enamel
paint are to be used in the project?
Answer: four (4) pails
69. Aggregate Sub – base course has a volume of 5, 000 cu.m and to be laid in a 15cm
compacted depth. How many samples shall be submitted for CBR test and for
sieve analysis?
Answer: 2 samples for CBR and 17 samples for sieve analysis
70. How many samples shall be submitted for quality test if 60 tons of Bituminous
Prime Coat is to be used in the project?
Answer: Two (2) samples
71. How many compaction tests shall be conducted for Item 201 having a volume of
8,250 cu.m?
Answer: Six (6) compaction tests
72. What composed of Materials Quality Control Monthly Reports?

Answer: Summary of field tests and status of test
73. What is the required mixing of mortar for Item 505 (Stone Masonry)?
Answer: 1 part cement and 2 parts sand by volume with sufficient water
74. What is the required mixing of mortar for Item 500 (Pipe Culverts and Storm
Drains)?
Answer: 1 part cement and 2 parts sand by volume with sufficient water
38
75. Before the project starts, the materials Engineer or the technician must have a
program on how many samples for each item of work should be tested based on
the minimum testing requirements. What program or report is this?
Answer: Quality Control Program
76. If sample splitter is not available for use in reducing samples for test, what is the
alternative way of reducing sample for testing size?
Answer: apply quartering method and get two opposite sides as sample
77. The road will not be opened to traffic until test specimens molded and cured have
attained the minimum strength requirements. If such tests are not conducted prior
to the specified age the pavement shall not be operated to traffic until _____ days
after the concrete was placed.
Answer: Fourteen (14)
78. As the work progresses, the Materials Engineer should know how many sample
has been submitted and tested and how many samples are to be submitted, in
other words the ME must refer to what report so that he/she may be updated on
the balance and on file quality test of the construction materials being used in the
project?
Answer: Status of Test
79. It is the minimum moisture content at which the soil can be molded without
breaking or crumbling up to 1/8” (3.2 mm).
Answer: Plastic Limit
80. The _____ is expressed as the moisture content corresponding to 25 blows.

Answer: Liquid Limit
81. The concrete has been tested for consistency by the use of a slump cone with base
and tamping rod. After the test, the height of concrete measured is 178 mm. what
is the slump of the concrete?
Answer: 127 mm
82. What is the rate of revolution per minute of an abrasion Machine used for testing
the mass percent of wear?
Answer: 30 – 33 rpm
83. If the design of concrete mix has the following corrected batch weights: cement =
40 kgs, fine aggregates = 65 kgs, coarse aggregate = 115 kgs, and water = 15
liters. What is your actual batch weights for 1 cu.m Class “A” concrete?
Answer: 360 bags of cement; 585 kgs of fine aggregates; 1035 kgs coarse
aggregates; 130 liters water
84. After the soil has been tested in an Abrasion Machine, the mass % of wear
computed is equal to 21%. If this material is for Item 201, does it pass the DPWH
specs?
39
Answer: Yes, because the specs is 50% maximum
85. Quality Control Assurance Report should be submitted every _____?

Answer: week
86. One of the duties of Materials Engineer is to see to it that all the construction
materials be tested:
Answer: before it is incorporated into work
87. What is the maximum depth or roadway embankment per horizontal layer in loose
measurement?
Answer: 200 mm loose measurement
88. Why is it that 6 samples are needed for quality test of concrete masonry?
Answer: 3 samples for compressive strength and 3 samples for absorption
89. Sample submitted for test should have a tag bearing the name of the project, the
quantity represented, kind of sample, original source, who sampled and who
submitted it, the date sampled and date submitted and etc. What is the common
name of that tag for you as Materials Engineer?
Answer: Sample Card
90. If course aggregate like embankment is to be placed in layers, how many layers
should a 40 cm thick Aggregate Base Course is placed?
Answer: Three (3)
91. The ME should always be alert of his schedule with regards to the number of days
of a quality test that takes place. Since not all construction materials can be tested
just for a day or even a week so, what is the lead time should he consider for a
quality test of a cement sample?
Answer: One (1) month
92. CBR Sample for test has been compacted but it should be soaked for how many
days before testing?
Answer: Four (4)
93. If sieve analysis and plasticity test are used for Soil Classification, what test that
its result be used in field density test?
Answer: Compaction Test or Moisture Density Relation Test
94. Heavy rains occur the night before prior to your scheduled field density test, are
you going to pursue your schedule? Why?
Answer: No, because the moisture content is high and can affect the result
95. Checking the gradation of composite aggregates and asphalt content of asphalt
mix can be done by what test?
Answer: Extraction Test
40
96. What is the device used in testing for liquid limit test?
Answer: liquid limit device with grooving tool
97. What apparatus is used in plastic limit test?

Answer: glass plate
98. How long does a vibrator be inserted in a concrete mix?

Answer: not to exceed 15 seconds at 50 – 60 cm interval
99. Along the slope of high embankment _____ is provided as an erosion control
measures and also to improve the stability of the slope.
Answer: Berm
100. In soil and sub – surface explorations for flood control design of foundation
condition, a soil sample was taken for field and laboratory tests. The test required
for soil was taken, except
Answer: specific gravity, abrasion, water content, Atterberg Limits, gradation,
compaction, relative density
101. Structure crossing above such covered underground drainage conduit shall be
laid at least _____ above the top of the conduit.
Answer: 1.0 m, 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m
102. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 30 kgs to a maximum of 70 kgs with at
least 50% of the stones weighing more than 50 kgs.
Answer: Class B
Answer: Class A
Answer: Class C
Answer: Class D
106. The maximum size of stone for stone masonry.

Answer: 150 mm
107. The maximum size of aggregate for item 300.

Answer: 1 inch
41
108. Required maximum liquid limit for Item 300.
Answer: 35%
109. Required plasticity index range on Item 300.

Answer: 4% to 9%
110. Range of sand size.

Answer: 2.0 mm to 0.050 mm Ø
111. The ratio of the volume of voids to volume of solids
Answer: void ratio
112. The ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids

Answer: moisture content
113. Significance of grading test are, except

Answer: Gives particle size distribution, measures permeability, capillarity,
measures the potential cohesion of soil
114. Significance of plasticity index are, except

Answer: indicates compressibility, permeability, indicates the clay fraction of a
binder material, measures the shearing resistance of soil
115. Properties of concrete are, except

Answer: workability, strength, durability, cracking
116. In roadway construction test on sub grade, the following will determine the
economical thickness, except
Answer: embankment, base, surfacing, sub-base
117. The relative consistency of a cohesive soil in natural state.

Answer: Liquidity Index
118. In Atterberg limit, the following are determined, except

Answer: shrinkage limit, liquid limit, plastic limit, group index
119. Minimum time for removal of forms and false works for centering under girders,
beam, frames and arches.
Answer: 14 days (minimum % of design strength – 80%)
120. Minimum time for removal of forms and false works for floor slabs.
121. Minimum time for removal of forms and false works for walls.
Answer: 1 day (minimum % of design strength – 70%)
122. Minimum time for removal of forms and false works for columns.
42
123. Minimum time for removal of forms and false works for side of beams and all
other vertical surfaces.
Answer: 1 day (minimum % of design strength – 70%)
124. Amass of solid reinforced concrete cast around the head of a group of piles to
ensure that act as a unit to support the imposed load
Answer: Pile cap
125: An embankment shall be compacted layer by layer.

Answer: 150 mm
126. Class of concrete deposited in water.

Answer: Class Seal
127. Class of concrete used in all superstructures and heavily reinforced

substructures. The important parts of the structure included are slabs, beams,
girders, columns, arch ribs, box culverts, reinforced abutments, retaining walls,
and reinforced footings.
Answer: Class A
128. Class of concrete used in footings, pedestal, massive pier shafts, pipe bedding
and gravity walls, unreinforced or w/ only a small amount of reinforcement.
Answer: Class B
129. Class of concrete used in thin reinforced sections, railings, pre-cast piles,
cribbing, and for filler in steel grid floors.
Answer: Class C
130. Class of concrete used in pre – stressed concrete structures and members.
Answer: Class P
131. Height of dropping concrete to the point of deposit

Answer: 1.50 m
132. Reflectorized Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

Answer: Item 612
133. Permitted variation from the design thickness of layer for Item 300
Answer: + 15 mm and – 5 mm
134. Item 310 shall have a mass percent of air voids with range of _____
Answer: 3% to 5 %
135. Dowel bars for PCCP shall be _____
43
Answer: plain bars
136. Concrete beam sample when tested by Third – Point Method shall have a
flexural strength of _____ when tested in 14 days.
Answer: 3.80 MPa
137. When the required thickness of Item 200 is more than 150 mm, the aggregate
sub – base shall spread and compacted in ____
` Answer: two or more layers
138. Item 202 shall have a minimum soaked CBR value of _____
Answer: 80%
139. Permitted variation from design thickness of layer for Item 201.
Answer: ± 10 mm
140. Sieve designation standard (in mm) for 0.425 mm to alternate US standard
Answer: No. 40
141. If slag is used as course aggregate for Item 311, the minimum density is _____
Answer: 1,120 kg/m3
142. Minimum price allowed of contract for deficiency in strength of concrete

specimens for PCCP which 10% to less than 15%
Answer: 70%
143. This joint is also called cold joint. It is constructed when there is an interruption
of more than 30 minutes in the concreting operation
Answer: Transverse Construction Joint
144. Minimum variation of the surface from the testing edge of the straight edge
between contacts with the surface in Item 310
Answer: 6.0 mm
145. Portland Cement Treated Plant Mix Base Course after the completion of the final
rolling, the surface will be treated with bituminous curing seal, how much is the
rate of application?
Answer: 0.5 L/m2 to 1.0 L/m2
146. In Item 201, the volume required in the project is 10,000 cu.m. The required
number of CBR test is _____
Answer: four (4)
147. Slump test of concrete determines the following, except

Answer: workability, fluidity, consistency, job density
148. The significance of liquid limit are the ff., except
44
Answer: measures the shearing resistance of soil, measures the potential cohesion
of soil, fineness and shape of grain, Atterberg limits
149. In soil classification, 35% or less passing No. 200 sieve are the ff., except
Answer: A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4
150. To evaluate the performance quality of a soil as a highway subgrade material

Answer: Group Index
151. If the paving of concrete pavement will be done at the rate 200 ln.m, half width
per paving day, how many sets of concrete beam samples shall be required.
Given: A = 115,000 sq.m, width = 6.50 m, thickness = 230 mm
Answer: 353 sets
152. The required liquid limit for selected borrow toppings

Answer: 30%
153. The maximum plastic limit for selected borrow toppings

Answer: 6%
154. Soil is considered unsuitable material when the liquid limit and plastic limit
exceeds
Answer: 80% and 55% respectively
155. Soil is considered unsuitable when the material density is

Answer: 800 kg/cu.m or lower
156. The plasticity index is determined in accordance with

Answer: AASHTO T 90
157. The liquid limit is determined in accordance with

Answer: AASHTO T 89
158. The required compaction of embankment, layer by layer

Answer: 95%
159. The minimum compaction trial of embankment

Answer: 10 m wide by 50 m long
160. At least how many in – situ density tests should be carried out for each 500 m 2 of
each layer of compacted fill?
Answer: three (3)
161. Maximum plasticity index for Item 200

Answer: 12%
45
162. Maximum liquid limit for Item 200
Answer: 35%
163. Maximum size of grading requirement for Item 200

Answer: 2”
164. The Los Angeles Abrasion Test for aggregate sub-base course is determined in
accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 96
165. The required abrasion loss for Item 200

Answer: 50%
166. The minimum CBR required for Item 200

Answer: 25%
167. The required soaked CBR for aggregate sub-base course is determined by
Answer: AASHTO T 193
168. Minimum required percent compaction of each layer of aggregate sub-base

course
Answer: 100%
169. In – place density determination of aggregate sub-base course material shall be

made in accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 191
170. In some areas where the conventional base course materials are scarce or non –
available, the use _____ allowable percent weathered limestone (anapog) blended
with crushed stones or gravel.
Answer: 40% (60% - crushed stones or gravel)
171. Maximum size of aggregate for base course material under grading B
Answer: 1 ½ inch
172. Maximum required percent abrasion loss for Item 202

Answer: 45%
173. Maximum required mass percent shall have at least one (1) fractured face of
Item 202
Answer: 50%
174. Minimum required soaked CBR for Item 202

Answer: 80%
175. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 202 under grading A
46
Answer: 1 ½ inch
176. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 201 under grading A

Answer: 2”
177. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 202 under grading B

Answer: 1 inch
178. This item consists of a foundation for surface course composed of soil aggregate,
lime, water in proper proportion, road – mixed and constructed on a prepared
subgrade/subbase.
Answer: Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course (Item 203)
179. The required plasticity index for Item 203

Answer: 4% to 10%
180. Maximum required mass percent of wear for the aggregate on Item 203
Answer: 50%
181. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 203 under grading A and B
Answer: 2”
182. Item number for water?

Answer: Item 714
183. In Item 203, how much is the required mass percent of lime to be added to the
soil aggregate?
Answer: 3% to 12%
184. Minimum soaked CBR for Item 203

Answer: 100%
185. Required percent compaction for Item 203

Answer: 100%
186. Equipment to be used for initial rolling

Answer: Pneumatic tire roller
187. Equipment to be used for final rolling

Answer: 3 – wheel tandem type steel wheel roller
188. The test on asphalt cement consisting of heating the asphalt in an open cup and
passing a small test flame
Answer: flash point
47
189. It is a manually – operated device for deriving a measurement of roughness from
the surface profile which may be expressed in terms of International Roughness
Index.
Answer: Merlin Road Roughness Measuring Device
190. It is used for the rapid in – situ measurement of the structural properties of
existing pavement with unbound granular properties.
Answer: Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
191. What is the thinnest cut – back asphalt?

Answer: MC – 3000
192. In the construction of bridges projects, what is the method used to determine the
casting length of the regular piles?
Answer: Test Pitting
193. It is an equipment which is used to measure differential deflection between joints

of a concrete pavement, to determine the modulus of the existing slabs for use in
the design of an overlay, and to determine the remaining life of existing
pavement.
Answer: Falling Weight Deflectometer
194. What is the equipment used to pinpoint rebars, conduits, pipes, nails and other
metals embedded in concrete before cutting or drilling?
Answer: Rebar Locator
195. What is the instrument or equipment used to measure for surface test of concrete
and asphalt pavements as soon as he concrete has hardened sufficiently or as soon
as the asphalt mix has been initially compacted?
Answer: 3 – meter straight edge
196. What is the latest state of the art equipment consuming radioactive material
which is commonly used in the compaction control of earth and asphalt road
construction and in the measurement of moisture content?
Answer: Nuclear Density Gauge
197. It is an instrument used to measure pavement deflections resulting from vehicle

wheel loadings. The results of the elastic deformation tests are used to evaluate
the structural condition of roads, and to help in the design of road strengthening
measures and road capacity improvement.
Answer: Benkelman Beam and Deflection Logger
198. What is the instrument that is used for examining the quality of rigid materials
such as rocks and concrete? This instrument is a non – destructive portable
instrument with dimensions of 110 mm x 180 mm x 160 mm and its main uses
48
includes the determination of concrete strength (either in – situ or pre – cast),also
to determine the presence of voids, cracks and other imperfections.
Answer: Pundit Ultrasonic Concrete Tester
199. Soil stabilizing agent

Answer: Lime – for silty and clayey soil
Cement – fro sandy soil
200. Water content at which soil passes from plastic to liquid state.
Answer: LIQUID LIMIT
201. Water content at which soil passes from semi – solid to plastic state.
Answer: PLASTIC LIMIT
202. Water content at which soil passes from solid to semi – solid.
Answer: SHRINKAGE LIMIT
203. Steel bars placed along longitudinal joints to hold the adjoining slabs together
are called _____
Answer: tie bars
204. The concrete pavement surface shows high spots of 15 mm in a 3 – m straight

edge. The concrete in the area represented by these high spots _____
Answer: shall be removed and replaced (but if high spots being noted exceeds
3 mm but not exceeding 12 mm, it shall be ground down only.
205. The calibration of the Universal testing machine is conducted _____

Answer: Once a year
206. What is the sampling requirement of bituminous mixture?

Answer: 1 sample per 130 tonnes
207. What is the depth of the thermometer inserted in the bituminous mixture?
Answer: 2”
208. In the design of bituminous mix, the design criteria for stability under the
Marshall Stability Method for heavy traffic is ____
Answer: 1800 lbs
209. The stability criteria of the Marshall Stability Method is the maximum load
resistance that a specimen will develop at _____
Answer: 60°
210. Bituminous mix specimens are compacted at how many blows at each end for a
heavy traffic design under the Marshall Stability Method?
Answer: 75 blows
49
211. In a penetration test, if the penetration is 9. What is the grade of the asphalt?
Answer: 85 – 100
212. In case of scarcity or non – availability of Type I Portland cement, what type of
pozzolan shall be used?
Answer: Portland Pozzolan Cement Type 1P
213. The required flexural strength of concrete beam sample of Item 311 when tested
by the midpoint method.
Answer: 4.50 MPa
214. The required forms to be used in concrete pavement are _____

Answer: Steel forms of an approved section
215. Sowing of the weakened plane joints shall be done usually at _____
Answer: Within 24 hours
216. Removal of forms of concrete pavement

Answer: 24 hours
217. The required slump of concrete using slip – form method of paving is _____
Answer: 1 ½ inches
218. Deficiency in strength of concrete specimen wherein no payment of contract

price allowed is _____
Answer: 25% or more
219. What is the length of a lot of pavement when a single traffic lane is poured?
Answer: 1,000 ln.m
220. What is the length of a lot of pavement when two lanes lane are poured
concurrently?
Answer: 500 ln. m
221. What is the required size of concrete beam sample?

Answer: 150 mm x 150 mm x 525 mm
222. What is the required number of set of concrete beam specimens to be taken from
each 330 sq. m of pavement of fraction thereof placed each day?
Answer: 1 set
223. What is the required compressive strength that concrete piles be moved?
Answer: 80% of the designed 28 – day compressive strength
224. The required circular pin diameter used to bend 10 – 20 mm Ø reinforcing steel.
50
Answer: 6d (20 mm – 25 mm Ø = 8d: 28 mm Ø and above = 10d)
225. The mixing speed of the transit mixer during batching.

Answer: 4 to 6 rpm
226. What is the slump of concrete Class A deposited in water?

Answer: 10 to 20 cm
227. This item shall consist of preparing and treating an aggregate base course
preparatory to the construction of a bituminous surface course.
Answer: Prime Coat
228. What item no. is Bituminous Surface Treatment?

Answer: Item 304
229. What is the required tolerance for bituminous material in job – mix formula for
Item 310?
Answer: ± 0.4%
230. This item consists of an application of bituminous material with or without the
application of aggregate on existing bituminous surface?
Answer: Seal Coat
231. Job – mix tolerance for temperature in the mixture for Item 310.
Answer: ± 10°C
232. What is the size of the sample in Item 310 taken for each full day’s operation?
Answer: 150 mm x 150 mm or 100 mm Ø
233. What is the required temperature of mix in item 310 when placed?
Answer: 107°C
234. The required speed in rolling in Item 310.

Answer: 5 kph
235. It is the resulting difference in elevation across a joint or crack.

Answer: faulting
236. In core specimen asphalt mix thickness determination, it shall have a diameter of
at least ______
Answer: 100 mm
237. In batching concrete mix, the accuracy of cement content shall be _____
Answer: ± 1.0 mass %
51
238. Minimum thickness measured perpendicular to the slope using Class D stones
for riprap.
Answer: 800 mm (Class A – 300 mm; Class B – 500 mm; Class C – 600 mm)
239. This item shall consist of preparing and bearing an existing bituminous or
cement concrete surface with bituminous materials preparatory to the
construction of bituminous surface course.
Answer: Tack Coat
240. What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using asphalt cement?
Answer: 0.9 to 1.8 lit/m2
241. What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using cut – back asphalt?
Answer: 1.5 to 3.0 lit/m2
242. What is the maximum tolerance of the variation of the surface of Item 310 from
the testing edge of the straight edge between any two contacts with the
surface?
Answer: 6 mm
243. What is the minimum dry compressive of Item 310?

Answer: 1.40 MPa
244. What is the required Index of Retained Strength of Item 310 when tested by
AASHTO T 65?
Answer: 70% minimum
245. Job – mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 4 and larger sieve.
Answer: ±7
246. Job – mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No 8 to No. 100 (inclusive).
Answer: ±4
247. .Job – mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 200 sieve.
Answer: ±2
248. The property of asphalt mix to resist deformation from imposed load.
Answer: stability
249. The property of asphalt mix to resist the detrimental effects of air, water,
temperature and traffic.
Answer: durability
250. The property of asphalt mix to withstand repeated flexing caused by the passage
of wheel loads.
Answer: fatigue resistance
52
251. The property of asphalt mix to bend slightly without cracking and to conform to
gradual settlements and moments of the base and subgrade.
Answer: flexibility
252. The range of aggregates composition in Item 310.

Answer: 92% to 95%
253. What is the test on asphalt in order to determine the effect of water on the
cohesion of the mix?
Answer: Immersion – Compression Test
254. In temperate countries like the Philippines, what is the most commonly used
grade of asphalt cement?
Answer: 60 – 70 and 85 – 100
255. To determine the thickness _____ of asphalt, Immersion – Compression Test is

performed.
Answer: stability
256. Percent air voids will _____ as percent asphalt increases in Marshall Stability.
Answer: decrease
257. To determine the temperature of delivered asphalt mix, what apparatus is used?
Answer: armored thermometer
258. Peat and muck soils are considered as:

Answer: highly organic soils
259. Why is it that a trial section is conducted in sub – base or base course
construction?
Answer: to check the suitability of materials, efficiency of the equipment
used and the construction method.
260. What does it mean when there is bleeding in a newly paved asphalt road?
Answer: excessive asphalt content
261. A good subgrade soil should have the following:

Answer: low liquid limit and low plastic limit
262. Concrete samples may be tested at an earlier stage in order to _____

Answer: determine the trend of its strength development
263. What is the test criterion for reinforced concrete pipe tested in a three – edge
bearing test machine?
Answer: 0.3 mm crack
53
264. In testing concrete cylinder sample, the applied load should be continuous
without shock at a constant rate within the range of _____
Answer: 20 to 50 psi/second (compression); 125 – 175 psi/second (flexural)
265. Cement which has been in storage for a long period of time and that there is
already doubt as to its quality should:
Answer: be retested prior to use
266. It is a process of improving the properties of soil to make it more suitable for a
particular purpose.
Answer: Stabilization
267. Two tests are done in one lot sample. The test differs from each other, third test
is taken. What will be this test?
Answer: referee test
268. If no beam sample taken to determine the strength of concrete pavement, is it

allowed in DPWH specs to use core samples to determine the strength. What is
the required compressive strength?
Answer: Yes, 3,500 psi at 14 days
269. Tact coat must be at what condition prior to the application of asphalt mix?
Answer: tacky
270. The use of sea water in reinforced concrete may _____

Answer: induce risk of corrosion in reinforcing steel
271. Subgrade having a CBR value of 2% or less is considered _____

Answer: weak subgrade
272. Subgrade having a CBR value of 15% or more is considered _____

Answer: very stable
273. Subgrade other than those defined in the two above categories is considered ___
Answer: normal
274. What are the three (3) major groups of soil?

Answer: granular soil, fine grained soil, organic soil
275. What is the significance of field density test?

Answer: to determine the degree of compaction of soil. It is also a control test
in embankment construction to ensure adequate compaction.
54
276. Weighing hot sample is not advisable because it affects the accuracy of the
result. True or false?
Answer: true
277. How to prepare or to come up with an air – dried sample?

Answer: air dry the sample under the heat of the sun
278. If it is impossible to air – dry the sample under the heat of the sun, what
alternative should be used?
Answer: oven – dry the sample @ 60°C
279. Sample for compaction test should pass to what sieve size?
Answer: Method A & B – use sample passing No. 4
Method C & D – use sample passing ¾ inch
280. What is the difference between T – 99 and T – 180 compaction test method?
Answer: T – 99 uses 2.5kg (5.5lbs) rammer with a 12” drop while T – 180
uses 4.54 kg (10lbs) rammer with an 18” drop.
281. What is particle size analysis?

Answer: It is the determination of particle size distribution in soils by sieve,
hydrometer or a combined analysis
282. What kind of water shall be used in laboratory test especially if it deals with
chemicals?
Answer: distilled water
283. Liquid limit brass cup w/ sample is raised and allowed to drop sharply on the
base through a height of _____?
Answer: 10 mm
284. How many rotations per second will the crank of a liquid limit be rotated?
Answer: 2 rps
285. In doing a plastic limit test, to what Ø will the soil thread begin to break?
Answer: 3.2 mm (1/8”)
286. What is specific gravity?

Answer; It is used in a gravimetric – volumetric relationship in soils (or
defined as the ratio of the wt. in air of an equal volume of water at a stated
temperature)
287. What is the approximate area for density control strips?

Answer: 335 sq. m
55
288. What Item of work is embankment?
Answer: Item 104
289. What kind of material for Item 200?

Answer: Aggregate sub – base course
290. What is the required particle size for selected borrow for toppings under Item
104?
Answer: All particle size will pass sieve 75 mm or 3” openings and not more
than 15 mass % will pass 0.075 mm. (AASHTO T 11)
291. What is the minimum degree of compaction for Item 200 and 201?
Answer: 100%
292. What is the highest point in the moisture density curve of the moisture density
relation test or compaction test?
Answer: Maximum dry density (MDD) and Optimum moisture content
(OMC)
293. What is the required size of calibrated sand used for field density test (FDT)?
Answer: Any clean, dry, free – flowing, uncemented sand passing No. 10 and
retained No. 200 sieve
294. What is the standard diameter of an orifice of an FDT sand cone?

Answer: ½ inch (12.7 mm)
295. What are the apparatus used in FDT?

Answer: sand cone, jug (at least 4 liters), guide plate, moisture cans,
calibrated sand, weighing scale, oven with temperature control, chisel or
digging tool, plastic bags and labeling materials (tag name)
296. How many hours does a fine aggregate tested for specific gravity and absorption
be soaked in water?
Answer: 15 to 19 hours
297. How to determine if the fine aggregate reaches the saturated dry condition?
Answer: It is determined by the use of cone test for surface moisture. If the
molded shape of fine aggregate slumps slightly, it indicates that it has
reached a surface dry condition
298. What are the tests required for concrete aggregates?

Answer: Fine aggregate = grading, specific gravity, absorption, dry unit
weight: Coarse aggregate = grading, specific gravity, absorption, dry unit
weight and abrasion
Note: Soundness test is also performed as per request
56
299. What are the size or diameter and weight of cast – iron spheres used in abrasion
test?
Answer: Approximately 46.8 mm Ø and each weighing between 390 – 455
grams
300. What is the required total weight of sample for abrasion test of coarse aggregate,
grading A with 12 as number of spheres?
Answer: 5,000 grams ± 25 grams
301. What is significance of abrasion test?

Answer: It evaluates the structural strength of coarse aggregate. It gives an
indication of quality as determined by resistance to impact and wear. It also
determines whether the aggregates will have degradation during traffic or
rolling.
302. What is the sieve used in sieving materials for abrasion test?
Answer: No. 12 (1.70 mm)
303. At what age should a concrete beam sample be tested for flexural test?
Answer: 14 days
304. How to compute the flexural strength of concrete beam sample tested at third
point?
Answer: R = PL
bd2
305. How to compute the flexural strength of concrete beam sample tested at center
point?
Answer: R = 3PL
2bd2
306. What is the size of the tamping rod used is sampling concrete?
Answer: 16 mm Ø and 610 mm long with the tamping end rounded to a
hemispherical tip of the same Ø as the rod.
307. Concrete masonry (hollow blocks) if subject to test, how many samples are
required?
Answer: 6 pcs/10,000 units (12 pcs if more than 10,000 units)
308. What is the strength requirement for load bearing concrete masonry units?
Answer:
Individual = 5.5 MPa (800 psi) minimum
Average (for 3 samples) = 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) minimum
57
309. What is the strength requirement for non – load bearing concrete masonry units?
Answer:
Individual = 3.45 MPa (500 psi) minimum
Average (for 3 samples) = 4.5 MPa (600 psi) minimum
310. What is the significance of testing reinforcing steel bars?

Answer: To determine the yield and tensile strength of the bar as well as its
elongation and is used to classify the bars into grade.
311. What is the significance of bending test for RSB?

Answer: To evaluate the ductile properties of RSB
312. What is the required testing requirement for paints?

Answer: 1 can (gal or pail)/ 100 cans (gal or pail)
313. SS – l or SS – lh is what kind of asphalt?

Answer: slow – setting emulsified asphalt
314. For how many hours or how long shall a bituminous prime coat be left
undisturbed?
Answer: 24 hours
315. What kind of asphalt is used as tack coat?

Answer: cut – back asphalt
316. One (1) set of concrete cylinder sample shall be taken for every how many
pieces of RCCP?
Answer: 25 pieces
317. What is being determined in a core sample from asphalt pavement?

Answer: thickness and density of pavement
318. All records regarding quality control such as accomplishment, daily activities,
weather, etc. are recorded in a _____
Answer: Materials logbook
319. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is an in – situ test that measures what?
Answer: depth of soil layer
320. The main problem associated with wrong practice of conveying concrete is
called _____
Answer: segregation
58
321. A one – lane road with a pavement width of 3.5 m and shoulder width of 0.5 m
on each side of the pavement was designed to have subbase and base courses
with a combined thickness of 300 mm. If the thickness of the subbase is 125 mm,
the spreading and compaction of the base and subbase courses shall be carried
out in _____?
Answer: three (3) layers over the full width of 4.5 m
322. During the application of the first half of the anticipated load a _____ rate of
loading shall be permitted?
Answer: higher
323. Quality of factory – produced RCCP may be best established through what?
Answer: Test of concrete pipe samples
324. Soft and unstable soils were encountered during the course of subgrade
preparation. If you were the ME assigned to the project, what is the most
effective and cheaper method that you would recommend to stabilize the soil
prior to the construction of the subbase course?
Answer: geotextiles
325. How many times per layer should a concrete specimen molded in a 6” x 6” x 21”
beam mold be rodded?
Answer: 63 blows/layer
326. Rolling of bituminous mix shall be discontinued whenever it begins to produce

excessive _______ or _______.
Answer: pulverizing of the aggregate, displacement of the mixture
327. In placing concrete, the required temperature should be less than ____
Answer: 29ºC
328. How many concrete cylinder samples is required for a 300 pcs RCCP?
Answer: 12 sets
329. If concrete cylinder is not available for a 300 pcs RCCP, how many pipes shall
be subjected to test?
Answer: 6 pcs RCCP
330. If there is a necessity to add water to the concrete mix in order to increase its
workability (provided concrete does not excced specified slump), how many
minutes after the initial time of mixing does adding water be permitted?
Answer: not exceeding 45 minutes and that water – cement ratio is not
exceeded.
59
331. What are the two (2) types of bitumen that are commonly used in the bituminous
mixture?
Answer:
TAR – is a viscous liquid obtained from the distillation of coal or wood.
PETROLEUM ASPHALT – are the products of the distillation of crude
oil.
332. What are the three (3) major petroleum asphalts?

Answer: Asphalt cement, cut – back asphalt, emulsified asphalt
333. What are the solvents of cut – back asphalts?

Answer:
GASOLINE – for rapid – curing type
KEROSENE – for medium curing type
DIESEL – for slow curing type
334. Emulsified asphalts are either _____ or _____.
Answer:
CATIONIC EMULSION – works better with wet aggregates and
in cold weather. It is a positively charge electron.
ANIONIC EMULSION - adheres better to aggregates which have
positive charge. It is a negatively charge electron.
335. What is the bituminous material used in Item 310?

Answer: asphalt cement
336. What greatly affects the service of asphalt cement?

Answer: grade and quantity of asphalt
337. What influences primarily the grade of asphalt selected?

Answer: climatic condition
338. How many weeks do the producer of asphalt mix or the contractor shall submit
the job – mix formula?
Answer: three (3) weeks
339. Who will approve the job – mix formula?

Answer: DPWH PE and ME
340. The job – mix formula contains provisions the following:

Answer:
a. grading of aggregates
b. percentage and type of asphalt
c. temperature of aggregates and asphalt
d. temperature of mixture upon delivery or time of compaction
60
341. When tar is used, what is the temperature that the mixture shall be placed?
Answer: 66ºC to 107ºC
342. When is the right time to compact in order to attain the required density?
Answer: when the mixture is still hot and workable
343. What is to be done in order to determine the number of passes that would attain
the required density?
Answer: trial section
344. What needs to be controlled during the mixing and compaction and is of great
significance in the strength of the resulting pavement?
Answer: temperature
345. In Item 310, how is rolling be done?

Answer: It should begin from the sides and proceed longitudinally parallel
towards the center line, each trip overlapping one half the roller’s width.
346. After the final rolling, what will be checked?

Answer: degree of compaction
347. The compacted pavement shall have a density equal to or greater than _____
Answer: 95% of the laboratory compacted density
348. When will the traffic be permitted to utilize the pavement?

Answer: when the pavement has cooled to atmospheric temperature
349. How do we take sample from the finish pavement?

Answer: by the use of core drill or saw
350. What is the allowable slump of a workable concrete if not vibrated?

Answer: 40 mm – 75 mm
351. What is the allowable slump of a workable concrete if vibrated?

Answer: 10 mm – 40 mm
352. When concrete is mixed in a central mixing plant, what is the time of mixing?
Answer: not less than 50 seconds or more than 90 seconds
353. In transporting concrete, what is the time elapsed from the time water is added
to the mix until the concrete is deposited in – place at the site?
Answer: It shall not exceed 45 minutes if hauled in non – agitating trucks
and 90 minutes if hauled in truck mixers or agitators
61
354. How is concrete consolidated?
Answer: by the use of vibrator inserted in the concrete vertically355. If the
lanes are concreted separately, what kind of joint in a form of a keyway is used?
Answer: longitudinal construction joint
356. What kind of bar is placed perpendicular to the joint stated in the preceding
problem?
Answer: deformed steel tie bars
357. What is the depth of the weaken plane joint when sawed with a concrete saw?
Answer: not less than 50 mm
358. The width of the weaken plane joint is _____

Answer: not less than 6 mm
359. What shall be done if cracks appear at or near the joint prior to the time of
sawing?
Answer: sawing shall be omitted
360. Tie bars shall not be coated or painted with _____

Answer: asphalt or other materials
361. What is the material that is used as a load transfer device held in a position
parallel to the surface and center line of the slab of pavement?
Answer: dowel
362. To protect dowels from corrosion and to facilitate sliding in concrete, it shall be
coated with _____
Answer: thin film of bitumen
363. The surface of the pavement shall be roughened by means of _____

Answer: brooming
364. What is the depth of corrugation produced by brooming in the surface of the
pavement?
Answer: 1.5 mm
365. The surface of a newly put concrete when has sufficiently set shall be cured for
a period of _____
Answer: 72 hours
366. The curing of the pavement is done by means of the following:

Answer:
a. by covering the concrete with mats saturated with water
b. by thoroughly wetting the pavement
c. by ponding
62
d. by applying curing compound immediately after finishing of the
surface
367. When is the right time to seal the joints?

Answer: after the curing period or before it is opened to traffic
368. What is the difference between Item 504 and Item 505 (bluebook ’95)?
Answer: the placement of stone or boulders and the ratio of cement and fine
sand
369. The ME of the contractor is directly under the supervision of the _____?
Answer: Materials Engineer of the DPWH
370. The requisites in transporting samples of the laboratory is _____

Answer: Well packed in durable containers to avoid damages in transit,
accompanied by a sample card filled up in detail and duly signed by the ME
371. Who has the power to recommend the acceptance or rejection of construction
materials for use in the project based on test results?
Answer: Materials Engineer of the DPWH
372. It is a chemical composition of asphalt that gives color and hardness.

Answer: asphaltene
373. The mineral filler which is used in the bituminous mix is passing sieve?
Answer: No. 200
374. Cold mix asphalt is used in _____

Answer: pothole patching
375. VMA means

Answer: Voids in Mineral Aggregates
376. The compaction temperature in molding the bituminous mixture specimen

Answer: 124ºC
377. The mixing temperature of bituminous mix is

Answer: 163ºC
378. The heating temperature of bituminous mix is

Answer: 121ºC - 188ºC
379. The heating temperature of aggregates ranges from

Answer: 177ºC - 191ºC
63
380. The maximum absorption content of CHB
Answer: 240 kg/m3
381. The maximum moisture content of CHB

Answer: 45%
382. SPT means

Answer: Standard Penetration Test
383. A tube sampler is used in sampling undisturbed sample

Answer: Shelby tube
384. Used in sealing undisturbed sample

Answer: wax
385. A tube sampler used in sampling disturbed sample

Answer: split spoon sampler
386. It is a dynamic test used in the field to obtain rapid empirical results which can
be used to estimate shear strength and bearing capacity
Answer: Standard Penetration Test
387. A type of coring bit used in rock coring

Answer: diamond bit
388. CQCA means

Answer: Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (submitted weekly)
389. The specific gravity of asphalt ranges from

Answer: 1.01 – 1.04
390. The type of electron present in rapid curing emulsified asphalt?

Answer: cationic
391. How many group of three in – situ densities are required if the compacted
volume of embankment laid was estimated to be 1,500 cu. m with a thickness of
200 mm/layer?
Answer: fifteen (15)
392. The allowable % variation in mass of deformed reinforcing steel is

Answer: 6% maximum under nominal stress
393. The maximum allowable % phosphorous content of a deformed and plain billet
steel bar is
Answer: 0.06%
64
394. Tensile and yield strengths of steel bars?
Answer:
TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD POINT
GRADE 40 483 MPa 276 MPa
395. Plasticity index is an indication of percent

Answer: clay content
396. The condition of the soil to be tested in the laboratory compaction test is
Answer: air – dried condition
397. The method in the determination of density of soil in – place

Answer: Sand cone method
398. Air –dry sand used in the density apparatus is passing

Answer: sieve No. 10 retained No. 200
399. Which of the following items does not need CBR?

Answer:
a. subbase materials
b. surfacing materials
c. base course materials
400. In abrasion test, the abrasive charge shall consist of cast – iron spheres or steel
spheres.
Answer:
GRADING A – 12 spheres
GRADING B – 11 spheres
GRADING C – 8 spheres
GRADING D – 6 spheres
401. In truck mixing, the minimum number of revolutions after all ingredients
including water is in the drum is
Answer: 100 rpm
402. A maximum time of _____ shall be permitted for wet mixing, lay down and
finishing when this method is used (Item 206)
Answer: two (2) hours
403. Traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at the speeds in excess of _____ until
the asphaltic material has set.
Answer: 40 kph
65
404. Mortar shall be used within _____ after its preparation
Answer: 90 minutes
405. In placing concrete for slab, using buggies, the correct method that should be
followed is
Answer: concrete should be dumped into the face of the previously placed
concrete.
406. There is a failure of flexural strength in the pavement, if you are the ME of your
firm, what will you recommend?
Answer: conduct recoring
407. When loads have been arriving at the spreader with the material peaked or
doomed up and a load suddenly appears in which the material lies flat, it indicates
Answer: excessive asphalt
408. Where and when was the first use of Portland cement?
Answer: Bellafontaine, Ohio (1893)
409. The curve in the logarithmic scale where the 25th blow is projected in order to
determine the liquid limit of the soil.
Answer: Flow curve
410. Percentage of wear represents the value of _____

Answer: abrasion loss
411. In the design of concrete mix, what is the volume of water in the concrete mix
that produces a slump of 76.2 mm?
Answer: 24.7 liters
412. The standard fineness modulus of sand is about _____

Answer: 2.75
413. The standard packaging weight of cement

Answer: 40 kg/bag
414. It is an impervious membrane applied to concrete pavement before its initial

setting that prevents rapid evaporation of water from the mix.
Answer: curing compound
415. The type of paint that is used for zone marking, traffic lanes and parking spaces
which is rapid drying, resistant to abrasion and weather conditions and possess
improved visibility at night.
Answer: reflectorized paint
66
416. An ingredient in the paint that gives reflection during night time.
Answer: glass beads
417. The paint which is used on concrete or masonry units.

Answer: Latex
418. The average loss in weight of three specimens in zinc coating test.
Answer: Triple spot test
419. One the three specimens in the triple spot test with lightest coating.
Answer: Single spot test
420. The type of paint that is used in wood surfaces. It is a special type of paint made
with varnish as the vehicle.
Answer: Enamel
421. Group index is an empirical number ranging from 0 to 20 under average

conditions of good drainage and adequate compaction. The supporting value of a
material as subgrade may be assumed as an inverse ratio to its group index, that is a
group index of zero indicates
Answer: good subgrade material
422. It determines the target density which is constructed at the beginning of the
work on each course of material to be compacted.
Answer: Control strips
423. The instrument used in placing concrete in water in a compact mass in its final
position.
Answer: tremie with 250 mm Ø
424. The maximum specific gravity of thermoplastic paint.

Answer: 2.15
425. The softening point of a thermoplastic paint.

Answer: 102.5ºC
426. The maximum drying time of thermoplastic paint.

Answer: 10 minutes
427. The rate of application of traffic paint.

Answer: 0.33 lit/m2
428. The maximum drying time of traffic paint.

Answer: 15 – 30 minutes
67
429. The minimum weight of sample for reflectorized paint.
Answer: 10 kg
430. The apparatus used to measure the thickness or height of compacted bituminous
paving mixture.
Answer: vernier caliper
431. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture of the degree of
compaction of the asphalt pavement.
Answer: Bulk specific gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using
saturated surface dry specimens.
432. The solvent in the extraction of bitumen.

Answer: gasoline
433. The percent of bitumen is computed based on

Answer: mass of dry aggregates
434. The method used to determine the grading of aggregate extracted from
bituminous mixture.
Answer: Mechanical analysis of extracted aggregates
435. A device used to determine the relative hardness of asphalt.
Answer: penetrometer
436. Volatization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.
Answer: Distillation
437. The measurement wherein the asphalt begins to melt.

Answer: Softening point
438. The Index of Retained Strength (IRS) is computed through the formula
Answer: (Wet Stability/Dry Stability) x 100%
439. The temperature requirement in initial rolling for Item 310.

Answer: 200˚F to 225˚F
440. What is the color of asphalt when it is overcooked?

Answer: yellowish brown
441. How many gradation ranges for Hot Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there
in the blue book?
Answer: seven (7)
442. How many gradation ranges for Cold Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there
in the blue book?
Answer: two (2)
68
443. The cored sample of asphalt pavement is measured at
Answer: approximately quarter points
444. Too much asphalt in the bituminous mixes causes

Answer: bleeding
445. What is the plasticity index of mineral filler?

Answer: not greater than 4
446. The wearing away of pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate

particle.
Answer: raveling
447. The interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an

alligator’s skin or chicken wire.
Answer: alligator cracking
448. It is prescribed in each project based on estimated quantities and specifies the
kind and number of test of each item of work.
Answer: Minimum Testing Requirements
449. If the coarse aggregates are subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate
soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed
Answer: 10 mass %
450. If the fine aggregates are subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness
test, the weighted loss shall not exceed
Answer: 12 mass %
451. Additives used in concrete mixing.

Answer: admixtures
452. The test that determines the resistance of aggregates to disintegration by

saturated solutions of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.
Answer: Soundness test
453. The design of concrete mix specified in the bluebook is based on

Answer: Absolute Design Method
454. The initial setting time of Portland cement is not less than
Answer: 45 minutes
455. The final setting time of Portland cement

Answer: 10 hours
69
456. The standard sand used in testing the mortar strength of Portland cement
Answer: Ottawa sand
457. The apparatus used to determine the fineness of Portland cement by air
permeability
Answer: Blaine Air Permeability Apparatus
458. A mixture of cement and water is

Answer: cement paste
459. The apparatus used to determine the initial and final setting of Portland cement
in the laboratory.
Answer: Gillmore needle
460. The compressive strength of cement mortar samples in 7 days is

Answer: 19.3 MPa
461. What is the appearance of the molded cement paste which fails to meet the
autoclave?
Answer: crumbled
462. The critical number of days of curing of concrete

Answer: first seven (7) days
463. It is the equally as important as testing, and the sampler shall sue every
precaution to obtain samples that will show the nature and condition of the materials
which they represent.
Answer: sampling
464. A soil sample received from the field for subsequent tests by reducing
aggregations of particles into sizes which will pass certain sieves.
Answer: disturbed samples
465. A procedure to recover relatively undisturbed soil samples suitable laboratory

tests of structural properties.
Answer: thin – walled tube sampling
467. The representative who will witness the testing of materials in an accredited
laboratory.
Answer: government
468. Samples obtained from the field with minimum disturbance by using any
drilling equipment that provides clean hole before insertion of thin – walled tubes
that is, both the natural density and moisture content are preserved as much as
practicable.
Answer: undisturbed samples
70
469. The type of additive that is used to delay the setting of fresh concrete.
Answer: retarder
470. The type of additive that is used to attain maximum early compressive strength
of concrete.
Answer: accelerator
471. The best enemy of construction.

Answer: water
472. The following are considered unsuitable materials:

Answer:
a. Materials containing detrimental quantities of organic materials
such as grass, roots and sewage
b. Highly organic soils such as peat and muck
c. Soils with LL exceeding 80% and/or PL exceeding 55%
d. Soils with a natural moisture content exceeding 100%
e. Soils with very low natural density, 800kg/m3
f. Soils that cannot be properly compacted as determined by the
engineer
473. What is the spec of mass % passing in sieve No. 200, grading A for aggregate
base course?
Answer: 0 – 12%
474. The rate of application of special curing agent

Answer: 4 liter per 14 sq. m
475. The method of measurement for determining the depth of the river channel.
Answer: sounding
476. If the type of soil in Item 200 is non – plastic, what Atterberg limit test can be
performed?
Answer: Liquid limit test
477. The minimum penetration of the preservatives into the surface of timber is
Answer: 20mm
478. The engineer shall be notified at least _____ before the treating process of
timber.
Answer: 10 days
479. All grout shall pass through a screen with a _____ maximum clear opening.
Answer: 2mm
71
480. The allowable height of fall in driving piles to avoid injury using gravity
hammer.
Answer: 2.5m – 3.5 (concrete)
4.5m (timber)
481. This increases the shearing strength of aggregates of any size, shape and
gradation.
Answer: Compaction
482. In general, soils high value of this and plasticity index are poor as engineering
materials.
Answer: liquid limit of fines
483. The recommended thickness of Hot Mix asphalt overlay depending on the
expected traffic and the modulus of the cracked and seated pavement section.
Answer: 3” to 5”
484. Stabilization and under sealing are recommended if the mean deflection is
____ or the differential deflection is ____.
Answer: greater than 0.14”, greater than 0.002”
485. Super plasticizers can reduce the water content by _____ and increase the 24 –
hour strength by _____.
Answer: 25% to 35%, 50% to 70%
486. Loose material is removed from all joints, cracks and areas that have
previously patched by asphalt by _____ with nominal _____ air pressure.
Answer: power sweeping and air blowing, 100 psi
487. Admixtures which can help incorporate a controlled amount of air on the form
moist in concrete during mixing without significantly altering the setting or the
rate of characteristic of concrete.
Answer: air entraining admixtures
488. It is the activity of monitoring planned scheduled against actual and by speed
task to make – up for the past or future loss of time.
Answer: Delivery control
489. Bowl – shaped holes of various sizes in the pavement surface.

` Answer: potholes
490. A form of plastic movement typified by ripples (surface waves) across the
pavement.
Answer: corrugation
72
491. A form of plastic movement resulting in localized bulging of the pavement.
Answer: shoving
492. Longitudinal surface depression in the wheel paths.

Answer: rutting
492. It is the chief load – bearing of gravel road?

Answer: base or subbase course
493. The maximum distance of the discharge point from the point of deposit by
pneumatic means.
Answer: 3 meters
494. It reduces the vertical compressive stress induced by traffic in the subbase and
subgrade.
Answer: base course
495. Minimum separation of splices when staggered.

Answer: 40 times bar Ø
496. Consist of furnishing, placing and finishing concrete in all structures except
pavements conforming to the lines, grade and dimension.
Answer: Structural concrete
497. Minimum grouting pressure of bonding tendons.

Answer: 0.6984 MPa (100 psi)
498. The main cross member of Bailey bridge that carry the roadway structure.
Answer: transom
499. Coring sampling shall be done at _____ interval by using split spoon sampler
and the depth needed is _____.
Answer: one (1) meter, 30m
500. What is the diameter of split spoon sampler?

Answer: 50mm
501. The uniform sampling run in core drilling.

Answer: 1.50m length
502. The initial diameter of bore hole.

Answer: 76mm
503. What is the core bit diameter?

Answer: 67mm
73
504. The required spacing of bore holes along centerline of roads for 300 VPD
traffic.
Answer: 250m (1.5m below subgrade)
505. The required spacing of bore holes along centerline of roads for less than 300
VPD traffic.
Answer: 500m (along centerline)
506. The required spacing of bore holes along centerline for new road on swampy
or marshy ground.
Answer: 100m (2m along the centerline of new road)
507. The required spacing of bore holes for bridge project

Answer:
1 deep drill for each abutment (30m run)
1 boring for each pier for multi – span (3m into the bed rocks)
508. The required spacing and depth of bore holes over foundation area of dam.
Answer: 60m spacing, 30m intermediate along centerline
Depth = ½ times base width
509. For ports and harbors projects:

Answer: 30m to 150m; 1m below dredged bottom (12m minimum for piers
& wharves)
510. For buildings (large area – greater than 930 m2):

Answer: 1 bore hole at each corner of the structure and one on the interior
(9m below lowest foundation)
511. For buildings less than 930 m2

Answer: two (2) boring at opposite corners
512. This reflector shall be the short type having a minimum base area of 180mm x
140mm.
Answer: Flush Surface Reflector
513. Occurs on PCCP when the cutting of weakened plane is delayed.

Answer: shrinkage cracking
514. What is the primary purpose in establishing design criteria in design?

Answer: consistency
515. Positional tolerance of duct tubes during casting operations.

Answer: ± 4mm
74
516. This method is usually adopted when there is no visible evidence of termite
infestation.
Answer: Cordoning
517. This method is used when soil shows termite infestation.

Answer: Drenching
518. Moisture content of rough lumber should not exceed _____

Answer: 22%
519. Moisture content of dressed lumber should not exceed _____

Answer: 14%
520. Design pressure of glass in glazed position.

Answer: 244 kg/m2
521. The minimum pressure of testing water tank.

Answer: 1,033.50 KPa
522. The minimum energy per blow of diesel hammer on concrete/steel pile at each
stroke.
Answer: 831.48 kg/m
523. The minimum distance allowed for the top portion of the splice below ground
line or seabed.
Answer: 2.5 meters
524. Consist of the excavation of river beds, bottom of creeks or esteros and other
bodies of water.
Answer: dredging
525. The slope of batter piles

Answer: 1:6
526. Longitudinal gutter grades shall not be flatter than ____

Answer: 0.12%
527. Allowance for sediments or debris provided in design

Answer: 20%
528. It is the digging of soil after the final marking of the building outline has been
established on the ground.
Answer: Minor excavation
529. It requires wide excavation of total extraction bearing capacity.

Answer: footing
75
530. This shall be conducted for buildings three (3) storey and above.
Answer: Boring test
531. The minimum depth of CHB wall footing of other minor structure on the
ground.
Answer: 700mm
532. The minimum depth of footing on a well compacted fill.

Answer: 100mm
533. Typically a plain or reinforced concrete that is usually provided to support a

column.
Answer: Spread footing
534. Gabion dimensions are subject to tolerance limit of _____ of the manufactured
state.
Answer: ± 3%
535. A field density result of 88% degree of compaction obtained on the subgrade
indicates that
Answer: compaction of the subgrade fails the compaction specs and needs
additional compaction
536. Liquid limit is usually
Answer: greater than plastic limit
537. The blue book requires that the base course be compacted at least
Answer: 100% modified proctor
538. As construction work progresses, you noticed that the delivered materials are
different from the on tested passed. If you are in doubt, what will you do?
Answer: conduct immediate re – testing for verification
539. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the Materials Engineer?
Answer:
a. sampling of material
b. analysis of test result of material
c. scheduling of delivery of materials
d. design of concrete mix
540. Measure of construction materials for concrete structure shall be

Answer: volume
541. The moisture density curve if different from each soil. Which of the ff
statement is true?
Answer:
76
a. granular, well graded soil generally have fairly high maximum
density at low optimum moisture content
b. clay soil have lower densities at OMC than granular, well graded soil
c. granular, well graded soil have greater densities than uniform soil at
OMC
d. none of the above
542. What should be done on the subbase course with existing moisture content of
10% higher than the optimum moisture content?
Answer: dry out to reduce moisture, spread to the required thickness and
compact
543. The DPWH specs provide _____ tolerance for asphalt pavement thickness
Answer: - 5mm
544. Geosynthetics may be used for

Answer: filtration or drainage, reinforcement, erosion control
545. Which of the ff. is not included in determining moisture content?

Answer:
a. beam balance
b. oven
c. moisture can
d. extruder
546. Steel bars are considered undersize if

Answer: its nominal diameter as determined by caliper doesn’t meet the
manufactured size
547. Samples of aggregates for base course when tested for quality the requirements
except grading. What will you recommend?
Answer: reprocess the materials by blending
548. Concrete curing refers to

Answer: procedure done to maximize concrete strength
549. What is the most inferior type of soil as to its engineering properties?
Answer: organic
550. What is the testing soil that involves the application of energy and addition of
water as lubricant?
Answer: Moisture – Density relation test
551. The dividing line between gravel and sand in concrete pavement is
Answer: No. 10
77
552. What is the volume of the mold using 6” for AASHTO T – 180 D method in
compaction test?
Answer: 0.002124 m3
553. A material resulting from the disintegration, grinding or crushing of rock and
which will pass 2.00mm sieve and be retained on the 0.075mm sieve
Answer: sand
554. What is ASTM?

Answer: American Society for Testing & Materials
555. What is AASHTO?

Answer: American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials
556. DPWH thru Bureau of Research & Standards has prepared a revised laboratory
testing procedure manual, in order to have be consistent with the latest methods
as prescribed under
Answer: ASTM & AASHTO
557. What is the category of contractor that are required by DPWH to have
laboratory equipments or apparatus in pre – bidding qualifications?
Answer: large
558. What is the maximum size of aggregate used in Item 104?

Answer: ½ of the thickness
559. What kind of material that passes .001mm sieve?

Answer: colloids
560. In soaking sample for CBR, the water should at least _____ above the
specimen
Answer: 25mm
561. A natural or prepared mixture consisting predominantly of stone, gravel or

sand and containing silt – clay materials
Answer: soil aggregates
562. A rock fragment usually rounded or semi – rounded with an average dimension
between 75mm – 305mm
Answer: boulders
563. The process of cutting the branches around a tree on the roadside to make them
denser and grow straight.
Answer: Pruning
564. The road near or abutting a bridge.
78
Answer: Approach
565. Settlement of right of way problems should be done

Answer: before the construction work
566. Material that has the greatest load carrying capacity

Answer: sand and gravel
567. In hydrographic survey, sounding joints should be made at a maximum interval

of
Answer: 20 meters
568. The use of geofabric material to increase the strength of the subgrade
material for road construction is classified as
Answer: Soil Reinforcement Method
569. What to recommend if the surface test of newly asphalted which showed a
lump
Answer: remove and replace the pavement area with irregularity
570. Controlled Density Method in embankment construction involves

Answer: Depositing and spreading materials in layers of not more than
225mm depth, loose materials and extending to the full width of the
embankment
571. What type of cracks will appear on concrete if it was not cured immediately
after final placement especially during the first seven days?
Answer: Plastic shrinkage cracks
572. What is commonly used as curing media for fresh concrete?

Answer: Liquid membrane forming
573. What is the work sequence on cylinder specimen?

Answer: cylinder shall be prepared, cured and tested at the specified date
574. When to remove the false work of continuous structure?

Answer: when the 1st and 2nd adjoining span on each side have reached the
specified strength
575. It is generally either a soft soil composed largely of silt, clay, organic deposit
or loose sand having high void rather and usually not high water content
Answer: Weak Subgrade
576. What is Twelve – Inch Layer Method Embankment?
79
Answer: the material shall be deposited and spread in layers not more than
300 mm in depth (12”) loose measure, parallel to the finished grade and
extending to the full width of the embankment
577. What is Rock Embankment Method?

Answer: the material shall be deposited on the fill and push over the end of
the fill by means of bulldozer. This method is only applicable to fill ≥ 1.2 m
in depth. It shall not be placed within 600 mm of the other grade
578. What is Hydraulic Fill Method Embankment?

Answer: the material shall be taken from borrow locations and shall be
deposited so as to form the grade and cross section and shall be thoroughly
compacted
579. What is the principal factor used in determining the thickness of the pavement?
Answer: STRENGTH OF SUBGRADE (deterioration due to frustration
move also be considered)
580. What is Placing and Removing Surcharge Method Embankment?

Answer: were unsuitable material is present under the embankment
corrective work consists of placing a surcharge constructed to the full
width of the road bed. The surcharge shall remain in place until the
embankment has reached stability or the required settlement
581. What is Hydraulic Construction Method Embankment?

Answer: this involves the introduction of water into the embankment to
accelerate consideration
582. Mixture of fine – grained aggregates, bituminous binder and water for surface
sealing
Answer: slurry seal (bituminous slurry)
583. What is the formula for percentage of wear?

Answer:
Percentage of wear, % = (orig wt. – wt. retained @ sieve # 12) x 100
original wt.
584. Free bitumen on the surface of the pavement which creates a shiny, glass – like
reflecting surface that usually becomes quite sticky
Answer: bleeding
585. Occurring usually at the transverse cracks joint caused by excessive expansion
of the slabs during hot weather
Answer: buckling
586. The splitting of concrete surface material from the concrete pavement
80
Answer: crushing
587. The authorized hauling of materials in excess of the of the free haul distance
Answer: Overhaul
588. If slurry (wet) lime is employed, what is the typical slurry ratio?
Answer: 1 tonne lime : 2 cubic meter of water
589. What is the amount of cement to be added to the soil aggregates in Item 204?
Answer: 6 – 10 mass % of the dry soil
590. Who is the father of Soil Mechanics?

Answer: Dr. Karl Terzhagi
591. What is quality?

Answer: It the degree of excellence
592. What is control?

Answer: Is to regulate
593. What is quality control?

Answer: It is conformance to requirements
594. What is assurance?

Answer: it the degree of certainty
595. What are the two kinds of control activities?

Answer: Inspection and Testing
596. What is the minimum distance of water table from subgrade level?
Answer: 4 – 5 feet
597. What is the process of combining two or more soil in suitable properties to
produce good grading on gravel, sand, silt and clay?
Answer: Mechanic Stabilization
598. What is the common material employed in stabilizing the moisture content of
soil or liquid and hydroscope in nature? It is an aid in the compaction process by
slowing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the soil
Answer: Calcium chloride or rock salt
599. When do clay and granular soils become unstable?

Answer: Clay soil becomes unstable if moisture content increases. Granular
material becomes unstable if it has dried
81
600. Why do liquid asphalt was introduced in road construction aside from asphalt
cement?
Answer: It was introduced in order to save heating costs and from
convenience in road – mixing or priming
601. The theory of concrete design mix is to

Answer: Optimize aggregate packing and optimizes properties of cement
mortar
602. To optimize the properties of the cement mortar, one has to depend on
Answer: cement type, cement content and water content
603. What type of cement is the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)?

Answer: Type I
604. What type of cement is the Moderate Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement?
Answer: Type II
605. What type of cement is the Rapid Hardening Portland Cement?

Answer: Type III
606. What type of cement is the Low Heat Portland Cement?

Answer: Type IV
607. What type of cement is the High Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement?
Answer: Type V
608. What type of cement is the Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement?
Answer: Type 1S
609. What type of cement is the Portland Pozzolan Cement?

Answer: Type 1P
610. Type I is for general use such as

Answer: pavements & sidewalks, buildings & bridges and tanks & water
pipes
611. Type III cement is used for

Answer: early stripping of forms & high early strength
612. Type IV is used for

Answer: massive structures such as dams
613. Type V cement is used for

Answer: when sulphate content of groundwater is very high
82
614. The inventor of Portland cement was
Answer: Joseph Aspdin
615. Portland cement is composed of blended materials containing

Answer: calcium, alumina, iron and silica
616. The simple recipe of Portland cement is

Answer: 2 parts of crushed limestone, 1 part clay/pulverized shale, 1 pinch
of iron ore, then 1 pinch of gypsum added to clinker
617. Pozzolan cement is composed of a raw material called

Answer: volcanic earth
618. The 75% compressive strength of Portland cement is composed of

Answer: C3S and C2S
619. The 25% setting time of Portland cement is controlled by

Answer: C3A and C4AF
620. When water is added to Portland cement, _____ process is developed

Answer: hydration
621. Calcium Silicate Gel (C–S–H) and lime [Ca(OH)2] are developed when _____
is added to Portland cement
Answer: water
622. When Portland cement contains a low C3A, it means

Answer: the setting time is larger
623. Surplus lime [Ca(OH)2] in Portland cement when mixed with water takes care
of the concrete’s
Answer: alkalinity
624. Coarse aggregates can be taken from

Answer: crushed rock, slags and river gravel
625. The water required for concrete mix should be

Answer: fresh water
626. Sea water is deleterious to concrete mix unless on admixture is added because
it contains
Answer: chloride
627. The entrapped air in concrete is

Answer: accidental and unwanted
83
628. The entrained air in concrete is
Answer: deliberate and desirable
629. We use aggregate in concrete as

Answer: filler materials in concrete
630. Aggregates are important in concrete because they strongly influence:

Answer: the properties of concrete, its mix proportion and its economy
631. Which of the following is not deleterious material to concrete?

Answer:
a. calcium
b. chloride
c. coal
d. sulphate
632. Over sanded and under sanded mixture require more water to be workable, but
making it so will only result to sacrifice in
Answer: strength
633. Concrete in the area represented by the cores will be considered adequate if the
average strength of the cores is equal to or at least _____ of the specified
strength, fc’ and no single core is less than _____
Answer: 85% of f’c, 75% of f’c
634. Fine aggregate shall be rejected when it fails in the _____ for organic
impurities
Answer: Colormatic Test
635. Portland cement may be/shall be rejected if:

Answer: it has partially set, it contains lumps of cake cement and it comes
from a discarded or used bag
636. A measurement of the coarseness or fineness of aggregates

Answer: fineness modulus
637. An excess water needed for absorption of coarse aggregates

Answer: free water
638. What do you mean by SSD?

Answer: Saturated Surface Dry
639. A general term relating to the character of a mix with respect to its fluidity
Answer: consistency
640. More silt and clay content to fine aggregates is
84
Answer: objectionable
641. Type A admixture is classified by ASTM C494 as

Answer: Water – reducing admixture
642. For core specimens, each lot will be divided into how many equal segments?
Answer: five (5)
643. The unit pressure greater than which progressive settlement occur leading to
failure
Answer: bearing capacity
644. The recommended thickness of hot mixed asphalt overlay

Answer: 2”
645. In the test to determine the moisture content of samples, the beam balance
should be sensitive up to
Answer: 0.1g
646. If a sample can not be weighed within the prescribed time after being removed
from the oven, it will placed inside a
Answer: dessicator
647. Plastic and finely grain soil will require at least how many hours to dry ay
constant weight/mass
Answer: 4 hours
648. A sample may be cooled at room humidity and must be weighed after it has
been removed from the oven within
Answer: 1 hour
649. Drying the material sample in the oven to constant weight at a prescribe
temperature; the drying time depends on the kind of soil and size of sample. A
25-gram sample of sandy material will be dried in about
Answer: 2 hours
650. Test conducted for buildings 3 storeys and above

Answer: Boring Test
651. A test to determine the moisture content of soil

Answer: calcium tri – chloride
652. The aggregate crushing value of strong aggregate is

Answer: low
653. The kind of asphalt used in overlaying seated pavement
85
Answer: hot – mix asphalt
654. The minimum width of paved sidewalk

Answer: 1.5 m
655. The limit of water – cement ratio of concrete

Answer: 0.50 – 0.60
656. A cement which has a cementitious effect

Answer: Portland cement
657. A concrete where compression is induced before the application of working

load so that tension under these loads is reduced
Answer: Pre – stressing
658. What laboratory test is used in determining the phosphorus content of steel
materials?
Answer: Phospho - molydate
659. What chemical property in the composition of steel material that will cause
brittleness or cold shortness when its content goes beyond 0.05% to 0.10%
Answer: phosphorous
660. Base or sub base is extended beyond each edge of proposed concrete pavement
Answer: 0.60 m
661. If you want to adjust the slump and the air content, how do you it?
Answer:
± 10 mm slump = ± 2 kg/m3 from (water)
± air entrapment = ± 3 kg/ m3 of average (water)
662. In non – entrained concrete, what is the range of % air entrained?

Answer: 3% - 0.2% (small – bigger aggregates)
663. In air – entrained concrete, what is the range of air entrained?

Answer: 8% - 3% (small – bigger aggregates)
664. For a constant water – cement ratio, what will happen if air content is involved?
Answer: the strength of concrete is reduced
665. What will happen if you lower the water – cement ratio and maintaining other
values of its ingredients?
Answer: it will acquire strength
666. What is the mixing time of concrete?

Answer:
86
1.5 m3 capacity mixer, T ≥ 60 seconds
Above1.5 m3 capacity mixer, T ≥ 90 seconds
667. When cement is in contact with moist aggregates, batch made by mix will be
disallowed beyond ____
Answer: 1 ½ hours
668. How many hours should an aggregate be washed and stockpiled before
batching starts?
Answer: 12 hours prior to batching shall be stockpiled or binned for
draining
669. When will truck mixing start?

Answer: mixing shall begin within 30 minutes upon cement has due added
15 minutes when wet aggregates is used, as 32ºC temperature is present
670. Concrete delivered by agitation of truck mixer must be discharged within 1

hour or 250 revolutions of the drum or Olader. Why?
Answer: to avoid over mixing and initial setting of concrete
671. In final computation of concrete in road to be paid, what is the maximum size
of pipe that is negligible in the volume computation?
Answer: pipes with Ø of 4” or less
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MATERIALS

ITEM 100 – CLEARING AND GRUBBING

ITEM 101 – REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

ITEM 102 – EXCAVATION

ITEM 103 – STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

ITEM 104 – EMBANKMENT

ITEM 105 – SUBGRADE PREPARATION

ITEM 106 – COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

ITEM 107 – OVERHAUL

PART D – SUB - BASE AND BASE COURSE

ITEM 200 – AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE

ITEM 201 – AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

ITEM 202 – CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

ITEM 203 – LIME STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

ITEM 205 – ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

ITEM 206 – PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED TREATED PLANT MIX BASE

ITEM 207 – AGGREGATE STOCKPILE

PART E – SURFACE COURSES

ITEM 300 – AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE

ITEM 301 – BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT

ITEM 302 – BITUMINOUS TACKCOAT

ITEM 303 – BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT

ITEM 304 – BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

ITEM 306 – BITUMINOUS ROAD MIX SURFACE COURSE

ITEM 307 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX SURFACE COURSE – GENERAL

ITEM 308 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX SURFACE COURSE – COLD LAID

ITEM 309 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX (STOCKPILE MAINTENANCE

ITEM 310 – BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE – HOT LAID

ITEM 311 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT

PART F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

ITEM 400 - PILING

ITEM 401 – RAILINGS

ITEM 402 – TIMBER STRUCTURES

ITEM 403 – METAL STRUCTURES

ITEM 405 – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

ITEM 406 – PRE – STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

ITEM 408 – STEEL BRIDGES

ITEM 409 – WELDED STRUCTURAL STEEL

ITEM 410 – TREATED AND UNTREATED TIMBER

ITEM 411 – PAINT

ITEM 412 – ELASTOMETRIC BEARING PADS

PART G – DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES

ITEM 500 – PIPE CULVERTS AND STORMDRAINS

ITEM 501 – UNDERDRAINS

ITEM 502 – MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCHBASINS

ITEM 503 – DRAINAGE STEEL GRATING WITH FRAME

ITEM 504 – CLEANING AND RECONDITIONING OF EXISTING DRAINAGE

ITEM 505 – RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP

ITEM 506 – STONE MASONRY

ITEM 508 – HAND – LAID ROCK EMBANKMENT

ITEM 509 – SHEET PILES

ITEM 510 – CONCRETE SLOPE PROTECTION

ITEM 511 – GABIONS

ITEM 600 – CURB AND GUTTER

ITEM 601 – SIDEWALK

ITEM 602 – MONUMENTS, MARKERS AND GUIDE POSTS

ITEM 603 – GUARDRAIL

ITEM 604 – FENCING

ITEM 605 – ROAD SIGN

ITEM 606 – PAVEMENT MARKINGS

ITEM 607 – REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT STUDS

ITEM 608 – TOPSOIL

ITEM 609 – SPRIGGING

ITEM 610 – SODDING