Functions in the Sentence

„ Su
More Functions „ Pred
„ Complement
„ DO
„ IO
„ SuPred
Adverbials, Prepositional Verbs, „ ObPred
and Phrasal Verbs „ Adverbial

Functions in the Sentence Outline of Chapter 5

„ Subject „ Adverbials
„ Predicate „ Prepositional verbs
„ Complement „ Phrasal verbs
„ Direct object
„ Prepositional phrasal verbs
„ Indirect object
„ Subject predicate (or subject complement)
„ Objects and adverbials
„ Object predicate (or object complement) „ Eight verb types
„ Adverbial

3 4

Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles

„ 2004 Quarterfinal Draw

„ Serena Williams v.
„ Jennifer Capriati

„ Amélie
A éli Mauresmo
M v.
„ Paola Suarez

„ Lindsay Davenport v.
„ Karolina Sprem

„ Ai Sugiyama v.
„ Maria Sharapova
5 6

1
Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles
„ 2004 Quarterfinal Results

„ Serena Williams 6 6
„ Jennifer Capriati 1 1

„ Amélie
A éli Mauresmo
M 6 5 6 Lindsay
Serena
„ Paola Suarez 0 7 1

„ Lindsay Davenport 6 6
„ Karolina Sprem 2 2

„ Ai Sugiyama 7 5 1 Amélie Maria

„ Maria Sharapova 5 7 6
7 8

Adverbials Adverbials
„ VP Adverbials are sisters to V-bar. „ VP Adverbials are sisters to V-bar.

„ Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily. „ Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily.

„ Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very „ Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very
exciting three-set match. exciting three-set match.

„ Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister. „ Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister.

9 10

Adverbials Adverbials
„ VP Adverbials are not selected by the verb, and they „ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
are movable. clauses.
„ Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily.
„ Serena beat Jennifer easily.
„ Serena Williams easily beat Jennifer Capriati.
„ Li d
Lindsay D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S Sprem iin th
the
„ Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very exciting quarterfinals.
three-set match.
„ In a very exciting three-set match, Maria Sharapova
beat Ai Sugiyama. „ Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.

„ Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister. „ After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
„ Venus Williams spoke of her sister glowingly. will now play Lindsay.

11 12

2
Adverbials Adverbials
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and „ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
clauses. clauses.

„ Serena beat Jennifer easily. „ Serena beat Jennifer easily.

„ Li d
Lindsay D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S Sprem iin th
the „ Lindsay
Li d D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S Sprem in
i th
the
quarterfinals. quarterfinals.

„ Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. „ Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.

„ After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria „ After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay. will now play Lindsay.

13 14

Adverbials Adverbials
„ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and „ Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and
clauses. clauses.

„ Serena beat Jennifer easily. „ Serena beat Jennifer easily.

„ Li d
Lindsay D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S Sprem iin th
the „ Li d
Lindsay D
Davenportt b
beatt K
Karolina
li S Sprem iin th
the
quarterfinals. quarterfinals.

„ Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. „ Karolina left Wimbledon the next day.

„ After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria „ After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria
will now play Lindsay. will now play Lindsay.

15 16

Identify the Adverbial Identify the Adverbial

„ Serena Williams bashes „ Serena Williams bashes

out a forehand as she out a forehand as she
demolishes Jennifer demolishes Jennifer
Capriati. Capriati.

17 18

3
Identify the Adverbial Identify the Adverbial

„ Amélie Mauresmo „ Amélie Mauresmo

stretches for a forehand stretches for a forehand
volley in her match volley in her match
against Paola Suarez. against Paola Suarez.

19 20

Adverbials Adverbials
„ Sentence adverbials are sisters to S-bar. „ Sentence adverbials express the opinion and mood
of the speaker.

„ Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by „ Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by
Karolina Sprem in the second round. Karolina Sprem in the second round.

„ In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a
mistake which ended up with the score being called
wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the
score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly
awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to
four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five point
in a row to take the set and the match.
„ In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a
mistake which ended up with the score being called
wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the
score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly
awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to
four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five point
in a row to take the set and the match.

21 22

Adverbials Sentence Adverbial

„ Sentence adverbials connect one sentence to
another.

„ Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by

Karolina Sprem in the second round.

„ In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a „ Frankly my

mistake which ended up with the score being called
wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the dear, I don’t
score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly
awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to give damn.
four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five
points in a row to take the set and the match.

23 24

4
VP-Adverbial or S-Adverbial? VP-Adverbial or S-Adverbial?
1. Hopefully, Serena definitely will do better than what 1. [Hopefully], Serena [definitely] will do better [than
I did two years ago. what I did two years ago].
2. She has been acting very funny ever since the 2. She has been acting very funny [ever since the
operation. operation].
3
3. Not surprisingly
surprisingly, France is home to some of the 3
3. [Not surprisingly]
surprisingly], France is home to some of the
biggest makers of oak barrels. biggest makers of oak barrels.
4. We waited hopefully outside the locked door. 4. We waited [hopefully] [outside the locked door].
5. Oddly enough, the show wasn't funny enough. 5. [Funnily enough], the show wasn't funny enough.
6. Unemployment fell surprisingly last month. 6. Unemployment fell [surprisingly] [last month].

25 26

Prepositional Verb Prepositional Verbs

1. stretch for
2. abide by
3. refer to
4. glance at
5. lean against
6. add to
„ Amélie Mauresmo 7. allow for
stretches for a forehand 8. care for
volley in her match 9. insist on
against Paola Suarez.
10. yearn for
27 28

Prepositional Verbs Require a PP Prepositional Verbs Can Be Passivized

1. The forehand …
1. Amélie stretches for a
2. The rules …
forehand.
2. I abide by the rules. VP 3. A dictionary …
3. I referred to a dictionary. 4. The clock …
V PP
4. We glanced at the clock. 5. The table …
5. He leaned against the table. 6. My troubles …
6. That adds to my troubles. P NP 7. Injuries …
7. We must allow for injuries.
8. They care for the sick. 8. The sick …
9. We insist on our rights. stretches for a forehand 9. Our rights …
10. She yearns for the open air. 10. The open air …
29 30

5
Prepositional Verbs Can Be Passivized Phrasal Verb
1. The forehand stroke was stretched for.
2. The rules were abided by.
3. A dictionary was referred to.
4. The clock was glanced at.
5. The table was leaned against.
6. My troubles were added to.
7. Injuries were allowed for. „ Serena Williams bashes
8. The sick were cared for. out a forehand as she
9. Our rights were insisted on.
demolishes Jennifer
Capriati.
10. The open air was yearned for.
31 32

Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verbs are Verb + Particle

1. bash out 1. Serena bashes out a
forehand.
2. call up 2. I called up the mayor.
3. bring up 3. He brought up a good VP
point.
4. cover up
4. Theyy covered upp the NP
V
5. take away scandal.
6. turn in 5. They took away my
privileges.
7. put down D N
6. She turned in her
8. take off assignment.
7. The army put down the
9. hand in revolt. bashes out a forehand
10. put on 8. Take off your shoes.
9. Hand over the champagne.
33 34
10. Put on a CD.

Phrasal Verbs Allow Object Three Tests for Prepositional or

Movement Phrasal Verbs
1. She bashes out a forehand 1. She bashes it out.
2. I called up the mayor. 2. I called him up.
3. He brought up a good 3. He brought one up. 1. Pausing
point.
4. They covered up the 4. They covered it up.
scandal.
5
5. They took away my 5
5. They took them away
away. 2 Coordination
2.
privileges.
6. She turned in her 6. She turned it in.
assignment.
7. The army put down the 7. The army put it down. 3. Movement
revolt.
8. Take off your shoes. 8. Take them off.
9. Hand over the champagne. 9. Hand it over.
10. Put on a CD. 10. Put one on.

35 36

6
Three Tests for Prepositional or Three Tests for Prepositional or
Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verbs
„ Test #1 „ Test #2
„ A pause can occur between a phrasal verb „ NP objects of prepositional verbs can be coordinated,
and its direct object, but a particle of a phrasal verb cannot be coordinated
but a pause cannot occur between the verb with an NP.
and the particle
particle.
„ I glanced at the clock and my friend.
„ I called up ––– the mayor. „ *They covered up the scandal and the hole in the
carpet.
„ * I called ––– up the mayor.

„ So glance at is a prepositional verb.

„ So, call up is a phrasal verb.
„ But cover up is a phrasal verb.
37 38

Three Tests for Prepositional or

Prepositional Phrasal Verb
Phrasal Verbs
„ Test #3
„ The NP object of a prepositional verb can be moved,
but the particle and the NP cannot be moved. „ Get up, stand up,
stand up for your
„ Against the table he leaned
leaned. right!
„ *In her assignment she turned.

„ So lean against is a prepositional verb.

„ But turn in is a phrasal verb.
„ Bob Marley

39 40

Prepositional Phrasal Verbs Eight Verb Types

„ Draw trees for the VPs in … 1. Intransitive verbs 5. Complex transitive
verbs.
„ I won’t put up with that nonsense. 2. Monotransitive verbs
6. Prepositional verbs
„ I must catch upp on myy homework.
3. Ditransitive verbs
„ Stand up for your rights!
7. Phrasal verbs
„ He faced up to his difficulties.
4. Copula verbs
„ My mom’s checking up on me. 8. Prepositional phrasal
verbs

Monotransitive and ditransitive verbs are both

41 transitive. 42

7
Eight Verb Types: Number One Eight Verb Types: Number Two
„ 1. Intransitive Verbs „ 2. Monotransitive
Verbs
„ Example verbs:
„ Example verbs:
„ swim, arrive
„ see,, eat,, read

„ What is the VP „ What is the VP

Complement? Complement?

„ Write an example „ Write an example

sentence and draw a sentence and draw a
tree. tree.
43 44

Eight Verb Types: Number Three Eight Verb Types: Number Four
„ 3. Ditransitive Verbs „ 4. Copula Verbs

„ Example verbs: „ Example verbs:

„ give, tell „ be, become, smell

„ What is the VP „ What is the VP

Complement? Complement?

„ Write an example „ Write an example

sentence and draw a sentence and draw a
tree. tree.
45 46

Eight Verb Types: Number Five Eight Verb Types: Number Six
„ 5. Complex Transitive „ 6. Prepositional Verbs

„ Example verbs: „ Example verbs:

„ consider, know „ refer to, look at

„ What is the VP „ What is the VP

Complement? Complement?

„ Write an example „ Write an example

sentence. sentence and draw a
tree.
47 48

8
Eight Verb Types: Number Seven Eight Verb Types: Number Eight
„ 7. Phrasal Verbs „ 8. Prepositional
Phrasal Verbs
„ Example verbs:
„ Example verbs:
„ switch on, give in
„ p
put up
p with

„ What is the VP „ What is the VP

Complement? Complement?

„ Write an example „ Write an example

sentence and draw a sentence and draw a
tree. tree.
49 50

Eight Verb Types Classify the verbs …

1. Intransitive verbs 5. Complex transitive 1. I don’t get on with my roommate.
verbs. 2. I passed out at Ian’s Pizza.
2. Monotransitive verbs 3. My friend is one of the few people who understands
6. Prepositional verbs my love for The Simple Life.
3. Ditransitive verbs 4. Sh arrived
She i d ffashionably
hi bl llate.
t
7. Phrasal verbs 5. The Chem 104 TA ALWAYS send us insanely long
4. Copula verbs emails about the upcoming lab.
8. Prepositional phrasal 6. They didn’t elect him president.
verbs 7. Those guys whistled at me yesterday.
8. What’s eating Gilbert Grape?
Monotransitive and ditransitive verbs are both
transitive. 51 52