REGLA 1

Pronunciamos la terminación “-ed” de forma

diferente dependiendo de la letra que va al final del
infinitivo. En general la “e” es muda.
1. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “p”, “f”, “k” o
“s” (consonantes sordas, excepto “t”) pronunciamos
la terminación “-ed” como una “t”.
Ejemplos:
looked[lukt]
kissed[kisst]

RULE 1
We pronounce the ending "-ed" differently
depending on the letter that goes to the end of the
infinitive. In general, the "e" is silent.

1. With the infinitives ending in "p", "f", "k" or "s"

(unvoiced consonants, except "t") we pronounce
the ending "-ed" as a "t".

Examples:

looked [lukt]

kissed [kisst]
REGLA 2
2. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “b”, “g”, “l”,
“m”, “n”, “v”, “z” (consonantes sonoras, excepto “d”)
o una vocal, pronunciamos sólo la “d”.

Ejemplos:

yelled[jeld]

cleaned[klind]
RULE 2
2. With infinitives that end in "b", "g", "l", "m", "n",
"v", "z" (voiced consonants, except "d") or a vowel,
we pronounce only the D".

Examples:

yelled [jeld]

cleaned [klind]
REGLA 3
3. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “d” o “t”,
pronunciamos la “e” como una “i”.

Ejemplos:

ended[endid]

waited[weitid]

RULE 3
3. With the infinitives that end in "d" or "t", we
pronounce the "e" as an "i".

Examples:

ended [endid]

waited [weitid]
REGLA 4
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Sujeto + verbo principal…

Ejemplos:

She was a doctor.(Era doctora.)

The keys were in the drawer.(Las llaves estaban en

el cajón.)

I wanted to dance.(Quería bailar.)

They learned English.(Aprendieron inglés.)

We believed him.(Le creímos.)

I bought a blue car.(Compré un coche azul.)

RULE 4
Affirmative Sentences (Affirmative phrases)
Subject + main verb…

Examples:

She was a doctor. (She was a doctor.)

The keys were in the drawer. (The keys were in the

drawer.)
I wanted to dance (I wanted to dance.)

They learned English. (They learned English.)

We believed him. (We believed him.)

I bought a blue car. (I bought a blue car.)

REGLA 5 Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

To be:
Sujeto + “to be” + “not”…

Ejemplos:

She wasn’t a doctor.(Ella no era doctora.)

The keys weren’t in the drawer.(Las llaves

no estaban en el cajón.)

Nota: El verbo “to have got”, que en el presente

simple sigue las mismas reglas que el verbo “to be”,
no puede ser utilizado en el pasado. Para indicar la
posesión en el pasado, usamos el verbo “to have”.

RULE 5 Negative Sentences (Negative phrases)

To be:
Subject + "to be" + "not" ...
Examples:

She was not a doctor. (She was not a doctor.)

The keys were not in the drawer. (The keys were not
in the drawer.)

Note: The verb "to have got", which in the present

simple follows the same rules as the verb "to be",
can not be used in the past. To indicate possession
in the past, we use the verb "to have".

REGLA 6

To be:
Subject + "to be" + "not" ...

Examples:

She was not a doctor. (She was not a doctor.)

The keys were not in the drawer. (The keys were not
in the drawer.)

Note: The verb "to have got", which in the present

simple follows the same rules as the verb "to be",
can not be used in the past. To indicate possession
in the past, we use the verb "to have".
RULE 6
To be:
Subject + "to be" + "not" ...

Examples:

She was not a doctor. (She was not a doctor.)

The keys were not in the drawer. (The keys were not
in the drawer.)

Note: The verb "to have got", which in the present

simple follows the same rules as the verb "to be",
can not be used in the past. To indicate possession
in the past, we use the verb "to have".

REGLA 7
Todos los verbos demás:
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + “not” + verbo
principal (en infinitivo)…

Ejemplos:

I didn’t want to dance.(No quería bailar.)

They didn’t learn English.(No aprendieron

inglés)

We didn’t believe him.(No le creímos.)

 I didn’t buy a blue car.(No compré un
coche azul.)

RULE 7
All other verbs:
Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + "not" + main verb
(in infinitive) ...

Examples:

I did not want to dance (I did not want to dance.)

They did not learn English (They did not learn

English)

We did not believe him. (We did not believe him.)

I did not buy a blue car. (I did not buy a blue car.)

REGLA 8
nterrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

To be:
“To be” + sujeto…?

Ejemplos:

Was she a doctor?(¿Era doctora?)

 Were the keys in the drawer?(¿Estaban las
llaves en el cajón?)

RULE 8
nterrogative Sentences (Interrogative phrases)

To be:
"To be" + subject ...?

Examples:

Was she a doctor? (Was she a doctor?)

Were the keys in the drawer? (Were the keys in the

drawer?)

REGLA 9
Todos los demás verbos:
Verbo auxiliar (hacer) + sujeto + verbo principal (en
infinitivo) ...?

Ejemplos

¿Querías bailar? (¿Querías bailar?)

¿Aprendieron inglés? (¿Aprendieron inglés?)

¿Lo creíste? (¿Creíste?)

¿Compraste un auto azul? (¿Compraste un coche
azul?)

RULE 9
All other verbs:
Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + main verb (in
infinitive) ...?

Examples

Did you want to dance? (Did you want to dance?)

Did you learn English? (Did you learn English?)

Did you believe it? (Did you believe?)

Did you buy a blue car? (Did you buy a blue car?)

RULE 1 EXAMPLE
WANT → WANTED
LEARN → LEARNED
STAY → STAYED
WALK → WALKED
SHOW → SHOWED

RULE 2
-HOLD HELD
-LEAD LED
-READ READ
-LOOK LOKED
-KISS KISSED

RULE 3
-LIVE LIVED
-USE USED
-ARRIVE ARRIVED
-STOP STOPPED
-WORK WORKED

RULE 4
She was a doctor.
The keys were in the drawer.
I wanted to dance.
They learned English.
We believed him.
I bought a blue car.

RULE 5
 You didn’t work very hard last
week.
 She didn’t live in Japan last year.
 They didn’t learn how to swim two
years ago.
 She didn’t like to sit in the sun.
 He didn’t walk to school.

RULE 6
 He didn’t watch television until
twelve o’clock last night.
 She didn’t smoke a lot.
 He didn’t answer all the questions.
 She didn’t wait almost an hour for
you.
 I didn’t mention it to you many
times.
 She didn’t need to speak English
in order to get a better job.

RULE 6
 Did you work very hard last week?
 Did she live in Japan last year?
 Did they learn how to swim two
years ago?
 Did she like to sit in the sun?
 Did he walk to school?

RULE 7
Tom stayed at home last night.
Kate worked last Saturday.
I didn’t go to the party yesterday.