压缩性能（ASTM D 695 and ISO 604）

Compressive Properties-ASTM D695, ISO 604

Specimen Size:
Specimens can either be blocks or cylinders. For ASTM, the typical blocks are 12.7
x 12.7 x 25.4mm (½ by ½ by 1 in). and the cylinders are 12.7mm (½ in) in diameter
and 25.4mm (1 in) long. For ISO, the preferred specimens are 50 x 10 x 4mm for
modulus and 10 x 10 x 4mm for strength.

拉伸性能 ISO 527-1,-2

Tensile Properties - ISO 527-1,-2
Test Specimen Summary
Preferred Thickness
Specimen Note
(mm)
Type 1A Preferred for directly molded multi-purpose test specimens. 4
Type 1B Preferred for machined test specimens. 4
Scaled down version of 1B. All dimensions except thickness
Type 1BA >2
scaled by 1.2.
Scaled down version of 1B. All dimensions except thickness
Type 1BB >2
scaled by 1.5.
Type 5A Small specimen. >2
Type 5B Small specimen >1

Type 1A, 1B, 1BA, and 1BB Specimen

Type 5A and 5B Specimen

拉伸性能（ASTM D 638）
Tensile Properties - ASTM D638

Specimen Rigidity Case Note Thickness

 <7 mm (0.28
Type I Rigid Preferred specimen.
in)
Use when Type I specimen does not break in<7 mm (0.28
Type II Rigid
the narrow section. in)
>7 mm (0.28
in)
Type III Rigid/Nonrigid
<14 mm
(0.55 in)
Type IV Rigid/Nonrigid Should be used for comparison between
<4 mm (0.16
materials in different rigidity cases. Essentially
in)
the same as Die C specimen from ASTM D412.
Type V Rigid Used when limited material is available or
<4 mm (0.16
laboratory space is a concern (for
in)
environmental testing)

Type I Type II Type III Type IVB Type VC,D Tolerances

W—Width of narrow sectionE,F 13 [0.50] 6 [0.25] 19 [0.75] 6 [0.25] 3.18 [0.125] +-0.5 [60.02]B,C

L—Length of narrow section 57 [2.25] 57 [2.25] 57 [2.25] 33 [1.30] 9.53 [0.375] +-0.5 [60.02]C

WO—Width overall, minG 19 [0.75] 19 [0.75] 29 [1.13] 19 [0.75] 。。。。 + 6.4 [ + 0.25]

WO—Width overall, minG ... . .. ... .. 9.53 [0.375] + 3.18 [ + 0.125]

LO—Length overall, minH 165 [6.5] 183 [7.2] 246 [9.7] 115 [4.5] 63.5 [2.5] no max [no max]

G—Gage lengthI 50 [2.00] 50 [2.00] 50 [2.00] ... 7.62 [0.300] +0.25 [+0.010]C

G—Gage lengthI ... ... ... 25 [1.00] ... +0.13 [60.005]

D—Distance between grips 115 [4.5] 135 [5.3] 115 [4.5] 65 [2.5]J 25.4 [1.0] +5 [+0.2]

R—Radius of fillet 76 [3.00] 76 [3.00] 76 [3.00] 14 [0.56] 12.7 [0.5] +1 [+0.04]C

RO—Outer radius (Type IV) ... ... ... 25 [1.00] .. +1 [+0.04]

弯曲性能（ASTM D 790 and ISO 178）
Flexural Properties-ASTM D790, ISO 178
Test Specimen:
A variety of specimen shapes can be used for this test, but the most commonly used
specimen size is 3.2mm x 12.7mm x 125mm (0.125" x 0.5" x 5.0") for ASTM, and
10mm x 4mm x 80mm for ISO

Flexural Test Configuration

Location of Maximum Fiber Stress/Strain

悬臂梁冲击试验（ASTM D 256 and ISO 180）

Izod Impact Testing(Notched Izod) ASTM D256 and ISO 180
 Charpy Impact Strength is no longer covered under this test method, but is included
because Charpy values are still reported under this method.
 Unnotched Izod Impact Strength, covered by ASTM D4812, is included here because
it is often cited as being tested by ASTM D256.
 Optional units of energy per unit area are supported by the standard. These are the
ISO style units

Test Specimen:
The standard specimen for ASTM is 64 x 12.7 x 3.2 mm (2½ x ½ x 1/8 inch). The
most common specimen thickness is 3.2 mm (0.125 inch), but the preferred thickness
is 6.4 mm (0.25 inch) because it is not as likely to bend or crush. The depth under the
notch of the specimen is 10.2 mm (0.4 inches).
The standard specimen for ISO is a Type 1A multipurpose specimen with the end
tabs cut off. The resulting test sample measures 80 x 10 x 4 mm. The depth under the
notch of the specimen is 8mm
ASTM impact energy is expressed in J/m or ft-lb/in. Impact strength is calculated by dividing
impact energy in J (or ft-lb) by the thickness of the specimen. The test result is typically the
average of 5 specimens.
ISO impact strength is expressed in kJ/m 2. Impact strength is calculated by dividing impact
energy in J by the area under the notch. The test result is typically the average of 10 specimens.

Notched Izod Specimen

Method Name Test Description Diagram

Specimen is held as a vertical cantilevered beam

Notched Izod
A and is broken by a pendulum. Impact occurs on the
Impact Strength
notched side of the specimen.

Specimen is held as a simply supported beam and

Charpy Impact is impacted on the side opposite the notch. This
B
Strength method is no longer covered under ASTM D256 but
is still reported as such.
 This method is the same as Method A except that
Estimated Net the energy required to toss the broken portion of the
C Izod Impact specimen is included in the energy calculation.
Strength Preferred over Method A for materials with impact
strength below 27 J/m (0.5 ft-lb/in)
Provides an indication of notch sensitivity. Notch
sensitivity is calculated using:
b = (E2 - E1) / (R2 - R1)
Notch Radius where b is the notch sensitivity, E1 and E2 are the
D
Sensitivity Test energy required to break a small and large radius
notched specimen, and R1 and R2 are the radii of
the small and large radius notches. Units are
J/m/mm of notch radius.

Reversed
Same test as Method A except the specimen is
E Notched Izod
impacted on the side opposite the notch.
Impact Strength

Unnotched specimen is held as a vertical

Unnotched Izod cantilevered beam and is broken by a pendulum.
Impact Strength This method is covered under ASTM D4812 but is
commonly reported under ASTM D256.

Izod Impact Strength - ISO 180

Notched Izod Specimen

Two possible notch configurations are specified by ISO 180. Notch A is the most commonly
reported notch type.

Izod Notch Types

Notch Notch Base Radius 底部半径 (mm)
A 0.25
B 1.00
Tests Covered in ISO 180
Name Test Description Diagram
 Specimen is held as a vertical cantilevered beam and
Notched Izod Impact
is broken by a pendulum. Impact occurs on the
Strength
notched side of the specimen.

Reversed Notched Same test as previous test except the specimen is

Izod Impact Strength impacted on the side opposite the notch.

Unnotched Izod Unnotched specimen is held as a vertical cantilevered

Impact Strength beam and is broken by a pendulum.

缺口简支梁冲击试验 ISO 179

Charpy Impact Strength - ISO

179

Edgewise Impact Flatwise Impact

Charpy Specimen Types

Type Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Span (mm)
1 80 10 4 62
2 25 x Thickness 10 or 15 3 20 x Thickness
3 11 or 13 x Thickness 10 or 15 3 6 or 8 x Thickness
Three different notch types may be used. Notch Type A is preferred.
Charpy Notch Types
Notch Notch Base Radius (mm)
A 0.25
 B 1.00
C 0.10

悬臂梁冲击试验（无缺口）ASTM D4812 and ISO 180

IzodImpactTesting(UnnotchedIzod)ASTM D4812 and ISO 180
Specimen size:
The standard specimen for ASTM is 64 x 12.7 x 3.2 mm (2½ x ½ x 1/8 inch). The
most common specimen thickness is 3.2 mm (0.125 inch), but the preferred thickness
is 6.4 mm (0.25 inch) because it is not as likely to bend or crush.
The standard specimen for ISO is a Type 1A multipurpose specimen with the end
tabs cut off. The resulting test sample measures 80 x 10 x 4 mm

邵氏硬度 ASTM D 2240

Durometer Hardness Shore Hardness---ASTM D 2240
Specimen Size:
The test specimens are generally 6.4mm (¼ in) thick. It is possible to pile several
specimens to achieve the 6.4mm thickness, but one specimen is preferred

洛氏硬度 ASTM D785, ISO 2039

Rockwell HardnessASTM D785, ISO 2039
Specimen Size:
A standard specimen of 6.4mm (0.25 in) thickness is either molded or cut from a sheet
Rockwell Hardness Test Parameters
Indentor Diameter
Scale Minor Load (kg)Major Load (kg) Indentor Diameter (mm)
(in)
R 10 60 0.5 12.7
L 10 60 0.25 6.35
M 10 100 0.25 6.35
E 10 100 0.125 3.175
K 10 150 0.125 3.175

Rockwell hardness is calculated by subtracting the penetration divided by the scale

division from 130. For example, if the indentor has a net depth increase of 0.12mm,
the Rockwell hardness is 70.
Hardness = 130 - (penetration / scale division)
Hardness = 130 - (0.12mm / 0.002mm) = 70

热变形温度试验（ ASTM D 648 and ISO 75）

Deflection Temperature Under Load- ASTM D648, ISO 75
Specimen size:
A standard bar 127*12.7*6.4（5" x ½" x ¼"） is used for ASTM
ISO edgewise testing uses a bar 120mm x 10mm x 4mm
ISO flatwise testing uses a bar 80mm x 10mm x 4mm
HDT Testing Methods
Method Outer Fiber Stress (MPa)
A 1.80
B 0.45
C 8.00
Specimen Orientation Parameters
Orientation Dimensions (mm) Span (mm) Standard Deflection Diagram

Edgewise 120x9.8-15x3-4.2 100 0.32

Flatwise 80x10x4 64 0.34

维卡软化点（ASTM D— 1525 and ISO 306）

Vicat Softening Temperature ASTM D1525，ISO 306
Specimen Size:
The test specimen must be between 3 and 6.5 mm thick and at least 10 mm in width
and length. No more than three layers may be stacked to achieve minimum thickness

电阻率 Surface Resistivity Volume Resistivity ASTM D257, IEC60093

Specimen size:
A 4-inch disk is preferable（101.6mm）, but may be any practical form, such as flat plates, rods
or tubes for insulation resistance.

吸水率 Water Absorption 24 Hour/Equilibrium ASTM D570

Specimen size:
Two inch diameter disks（50.8mm）, 0.125" or 0.250" thick
Percent Water Absorption = [(Wet weight - Dry weight)/ Dry weight] x 100

密度 Density and Specific Gravity ASTM D792, ISO 1183

Specimen size:
Any convenient size
Test Procedure:
There are two basic test procedures, Method A and Method B. The
more common being Method A, can be used with sheet, rod, tube and
molded articles. For Method A, the specimen is weighed in air then
weighed when immersed in distilled water at 23°C using a sinker and
wire to hold the specimen completely submerged as required. Density
and Specific Gravity are calculated.
Specific gravity = a/[(a + w)-b]
a = mass of specimen in air.
b = mass of specimen and sinker (if used) in water.
W = mass of totally immersed sinker if used and partially immersed wire.

Density, kg/m3 = (specific gravity) x (997.6)

雾化 Fogging Characteristics of Interior Automotive Materials

SAE J1756,
ISO 6452,
DIN 75201
Specimen size:
80 mm diameter disk

燃烧 Flammability UL94, ASTM D635, 49 CFR-571.302,ISO 3795

Specimen size:
Specimen sizes for UL 94 and ASTM D635 are 125 mm long x 13 mm
wide x 3mmthe thickness to be rated.
Specimen sizes for 49CFR-571-302 and ISO 3795 are 100 x 356 mm
(4" x 14") x no more than 13mm (0.5").