Refrigerant Issues Discussion

K C Liew
Strategic Business Development Leader

Company Confidential – Do Not Distribute

Confidential and Proprietary

Confidential and Proprietary
Ozone Depletion is Declining

Confidential and Proprietary

Confidential and Proprietary
 Existing Control of HCFCs

31 HCFCs will be completely phased out after 2013

7 HCFCs on Cap and Allocation Framework

HCFC-21 HCFC-141 HCFC-225ca HCFC-243

HCFC-22 HCFC-141b HCFC-225cb HCFC-244
HCFC-31 HCFC-142 HCFC-226 HCFC-251
HCFC-121 HCFC-142b HCFC-231 HCFC-252
HCFC-122 HCFC-151 HCFC-232 HCFC-253
HCFC-123 HCFC-221 HCFC-233 HCFC-261
HCFC-124 HCFC-222 HCFC-234 HCFC-262
HCFC-131 HCFC-223 HCFC-235 HCFC-271
HCFC-132 HCFC-224 HCFC-241
HCFC-133 HCFC-225 HCFC-242

Confidential and Proprietary

Ozone Depletion Potential of HCFCs

CFC-11 ODP = 1

Confidential and Proprietary

Global Consumption of HCFCs

ODP Tonne = ODP x Metric Tonne

Data reported to the Ozone

Secretariat as required under
Article 7 of the Montreal Protocol,
and obtained in 2007

Confidential and Proprietary

 ODP vs ODPT

HCFC-123 HCFC-142b HCFC-141b HCFC-22

0.10
0.08
ODP

0.06

0.04

0.02
Solstice LBA HFC410A
(Global Consumption in 2002)

10
ODP kTonnes

15

20

Confidential and Proprietary

 Limits on the Emissions of Global
Warming Gases


Carbon Dioxide - CO2

Methane - CH4

Nitrous Oxide - N2O

Hydrofluorocarbons - HFCs

Perfluorocarbons - PFCs

Sulfur Hexafluoride - SF6

Confidential and Proprietary

 Increasing Global Threats to the HFC’s

R-134a banned from autos in Europe in 2013

R-134a “incentivized” out of use in autos in US in 2016
European countries such as Denmark, Austria, and
Switzerland have already banned most uses of HFC’s.
Refrigerant manufacturers are aggressively working
to develop a new generation of lower GWP
refrigerants (HFO’s) to replace current generation
of HFC’s (R-134a, R-410A, R-407C)
USA/Mexico/Canada proposal to the Montreal Protocol to
phase down HFC’s (70% reduction by 2029)
US formation of CCAC (Climate and Clean Air Coalition)- now
with 50 member nations
Aggressive “GWP” taxes in Australia, Norway, Denmark, Sweden,
Germany
EU proposing phase down/phase out of HFC’s in EU, calls to
reduce HFC’s 79% by 2030
Foam manufacturers making transition now out of high GWP
HFC’s

Confidential and Proprietary

Why Go After HFC’s?

Confidential and Proprietary

 EU Proposed Regulation

Combination of bans and phase downs

– Aggressive where alternative already exist (Domestic
Refrigerators)
– Aggressive on very high GWP fluids (R-404A)
Specific Bans
– Domestic refrigerators (GWP>150) ban on 1/1/15
– Commercial ref and freezers (GWP>2500) ban on 1/1/17
– Service for comm. ref and freezers (GWP>2500) ban on 1/1/20
– Moveable room A/C (GWP>150) ban on 1/1/20
– Ban on pre-charged equipment 3 years after law passes
– No specifics yet on stationary A/C

Confidential and Proprietary

 Timeline of Refrigerant Usage
Production of
Production of HCFC equipment ends
R-123 equipment
Ends (US)
Developing Countries

CFC production ends (R- Developed Countries

11, R-12) No new HCFC
No new R-22 No new R-123 for Production
Developing Countries
for service service (US)
Developing Countries

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Beginning of “no use”

of ¥
R-134a in MAC in
Europe Today Continued use of recycled
refrigerants for developing
countries

Kyoto Protocol Signed

Continued use of recycled R-123 (US)

¥
MAC: Mobil Air Conditioning
Note: Included
Note: Included inin
the use
the ofof
use “recycled” refrigerants
“recycled” is is
refrigerants also the
also use
the ofof
use stockpiled supplies
stockpiled ofof
supplies the refrigerant
the produced
refrigerant before
produced the
before phase
the out
phase date.
out InIn
date. addition, there
addition, is is
there nono
restriction onon
restriction the
the
importation
importationofof
recycled
recycledand recovered
and recoveredsupplies ofof
supplies refrigerants.
refrigerants.
Confidential and Proprietary
 Timeline of HFC Phasedown Regulations and Proposals

Production of
Production of HCFC equipment ends
R-123 equipment
Ends (US)
Developing Countries

CFC production ends (R-

11, R-12) No new HCFC
No new R-123 for Production
Developing Countries
service (US)
Developing Countries

Today

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

R-134a banned in new EU proposes service

car models in EU ban on HFC’s with
EU Proposes 79%
GWP>2500
reduction of HFC’s

EU Proposes Ban on EU Proposes Ban on

R-134a banned in all
HFC’s with GWP>150 equip w/HFC’s with
car models in EU
for dom refrig GWP > 2500

Foam Industry begins
transition to low GWP
US/Can/Mex Proposal
to cut HFC by 70%
CAFÉ Stds to push R-
134a change in US
Autos

¥
MAC: Mobil Air Conditioning
Note: Included in the use of “recycled” refrigerants is also the use of stockpiled supplies of the refrigerant produced before the phase out date. In addition, there is no restriction on the
importation of recycled
Note: Included andof
in the use recovered supplies
“recycled” of refrigerants.
refrigerants is also the use of stockpiled supplies of the refrigerant produced before the phase out date. In addition, there is no restriction on the
importation of recycled and recovered supplies of refrigerants.
Confidential and Proprietary
SINGAPORE Green Mark Version 4.1

Credible info for GWP

1) US Environment protection agency (UNEPA) website:
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/classtwo.html
2) United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) website:
http://www.uneptie.org/ozonaction/topics/hcfclist.htm
3) Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) website:
Read page 212. It is 7.9MB so be patient.
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm

R123/R134a qualifies for this point

Confidential and Proprietary

Confidential and Proprietary
 In Summary

Base Chiller Purchases on:

- Efficiency
- Reliability
- Reputation and service Cost of Energy 94.53%

- Environmental Performance

Refrigerant selection has minor impact

on overall life cycle, especially when:
- Leakage rate are low
- Refrigerant charge is low
- Chillers are properly maintained

Balanced Approach with

Confidential a Focus on Efficiency
and Proprietary
Thank you!

Confidential and Proprietary