Á Whoa...Hantavirus!

Tania
Nicole
Shirley
Yoshua
Laura-Jo
Henry
Gracie
Rosa
Lori
Ramin
Jen
Mona
UAG
Third
Microbiology
Gulas
2010
Sanchez
GBautista
Cruz
Chien
Pouriran
Semester
Montes
Kenneth
Charles
<monaggg@gmail.com>
Mori
Ortega
<jennifergulas@gmail.com>
<tania-ivonne@msn.com>
<asok_d_intern@yahoo.com>
<shirleym@ucla.edu>
<rsanchez10@mail.csuchico.edu>
Presentation
<nm.montes@gmail.com>
<lorrainebautista@gmail.com>
<yosh237@gmail.com>
<gracie16@hotmail.com>
<Ramin_pouriran@hotmail.com>
<laura.jo.ortega@gmail.com>
Taxonomy:
Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family of viruses. The Bunyaviridae fami
ly ishantavirus
Orthobunyavirus,
Genomic
The divided
Description:
into
genome
Nairovirus,
5 genera:
consistsPhlebovirus,
of an enveloped,
Tospovirus,
linear,andnegative
Hantavirus.
sense, single-s
tranded
base pairs.
RNA made up of 3616
Abruptphase
Following
Diagnosis:
High
Fatigue
Myalgia
Vomiting
Nausea
Headache
Next Fever
onset
and
anisof
incubation
Diarrhea
4-6dyspnea
days later:
period
and hypoxia,
of 5-33rapidly
days, progressing
patients usually
to noncardiogenic
report: pulmo
naryand
failure
Hypotension
DIC
Additionally,
Also: edema
(Hantavirus
renaland
orHPS
failure
respiratory
shock
isPulmonary
with
clinically
commonly
myocardial
syndrome)
observed
defined
depression
as a febrile illness (temperature >38.3¡C)
cause
with respiratory
bilateral diffuse
compromise
infiltrates
requiring
thatsupplemental oxygen within 72 hours of ho
spitalization.
may also be defined
Moreover,
postmortem
a caseas an unexplained, fatal respiratory illness, wit
h noncardiogenic
edema
Elevated
Labs:
Leukocytosis
Immaure
Clinical
DX:
Thrombocytopenia
Serology:
Western
RT-PCR ofBlot
myeloctyes
unknown
hematocrit
presentation
Hantavirus
withcause.
pulmonary
left
andSNVimmunoblasts
shift
immunoglobulin
in peripheral
IgM and IgGsmear
Following
Pathophysiology
hantavirus
there
to
Viremia
infects
mainly
Immune-stimulated
cells.
distribute
Disease
concentration.
endothelial
disturbed
cytokine
Which
permeability
capillaries
surrounding
¥Later
hypoxia
33 causing
isthe
days.
in isturn
target
results
and
anand
production.
inhalation
indeath.
then
lungs
toincubation
cell
to
tissue
causing
rodent
areas
local
increases
pulmonary
endothelial
leak
produced
from
and
function
Tand
cells
of
T-cell
fluid
exposure
excrement
stimulates
infected
the
period
hantavirus
organs.
vascular
edema,
that
being
into
cells
tothe
of T9
Complications
The most important complication of this virus is Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Synd
rome. Atand
general first
fluthe
likesymptoms
fever around
are 101 to 104, headache, stomach pain, pain in th
e joints and
coughing, andlower
nauseas.
r back,
The main symptom is difficulty breathing as the lungs fil
l withoffluid.
walls the capillaries
The virus infects
in the lungs
the and making them leak and flooding the lung
s with fluid.
syndrome is transmitted
Hantavirusmainly
pulmonary
by rodents through urine, droppings, and saliva.
The tacchypnea
and symptoms include
which lead
tachycardia
to cardiovascular shock. Pulmonary syndrome is often d
eadlyisprimary
HPS fatal totomore
lungthan
infection.
half of those who become infected. Most cases of Hanta
virus pulmonary
progress rapidlysyndrome
to the second stage, the cardiopulmonary phase. The features of
decomposition
this stage include
with hypotension
a rapid clinical
and respiratory insufficiency followed by dead. I
f the patient survives
cardiopulmonary stage, he
theor she enters the convalescent phase, which is charact
erized by rapidly
oxygenation, hemodynamic
improving
stabilization, and diuresis. Extracorporeal membrane ox
ygenationa limited
benefit has beennumber
shown of
to patients. Thus, early recognition of Hantavirus pulm
onaryappropriate
the syndrome issupportive
importantmeasures
so that can be undertaken. In the below radiograph t
he sever is
Syndrome Hantavirus
present.Pulmonary
This is a case of a 58 year old man who presented with shor
tness of breath
symptoms. Withinand
24 hr.
flulike
patient died. Progression to extensive perihilar and upp
er lung zoneairconsolidation
associated Bronchgrams can
withbe seen.
New this
¥Currently
for
control
population.
Research
isvirus,
scientists
through
Butthe
until
arecontrol
trying
the now
oftothe
create
bestaway
rodent vaccine
of
Treatment
¥There
treatment
therefore
immediate
adequate
¥Ribavarin
required.
LIMITED
effectiveness
¥Supportive
controversial.
maintaining
and
¥Mechanical
may
virus
electrolytes
be infections.
issuccess,
necessary
respiratory
forventilation
no
options
early
hospitalization
hastreatments
fluids,
cure
Hantavirus
been
remains
recognition,
but
are
for
and
are
used
blood
support
its
necessary.
Sin
specific
limited;
such
with
Pulmonary
Nombre
andasoxygen
pressure,
are Syndrome:
Epidemiology
¥SNV occurs wherever its reservoir rodent carrier,the deer mouse Peromyscus manic
ulatus
¥SNV
found. andisHCPS (Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome) are especially common in west
statesincidences
ern
¥Peak & Canada for HCPS has been reported in regions in which there is a lot of
between
contacthumans and mice (New Mexico, Arizona) and in states with exceptionally l
argecan
populations
¥SNV rural
be contracted
such as California.
through the inhalation of virus-contaminated deer mouse ex
¥The case fatality ratio of SNV-induced HCPS in the USA was reported to be about
creta.
¥Since that time the case fatality ratio has steadily declined as more mild cases
66.7%
¥Bycame
recognized.
2007tothe
be CFR had declined to about 35%
Sin initial
isolated
¥Control
rodent
the
Corners
achieved
Peromyscus
subsequent
Vero
with
droppings.
avoid
droppings
areas.
Nombre
E6inhaling
infected
control
ofthrough
region.
cells.
from
when
virus
this
maniculatus
adaptation
Care
HPSrodents
asmust
aerosolized
cleaning
disease
patients
Isolation
(SNV)
blind
wellmeand
collected
to
was
as
passage
and
includes
taken
rodentinfested
intheir
growth
nodried
was
first
the
contact
toinin
on
Four
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus
Reference
Taxonomy
Venes,
Diagnosis:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_005219.1
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