Chapter 4 :

DC BIASING BJT

Fixed-bias circuit Emitter-stabilized Voltage divider DC bias with

bias circuit bias circuit voltage feedback
 GROUP 2 – BJT DC

SYAILENDRA ANDI BOBBY HARDI YUDHO D. BERKAH REGINA ANNISA R

102116011 102116033 102116037 102116011
EE1 EE1 EE1 EE1

TEKNIK ELEKTRO 2016

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA
BIASING

BIASING : The DC voltages applied to a transistor in order to turn it on

so that it can amplify the AC signal.
STATE OF OPERATIONS
Active or Linear Region Operation
• Base-Emitter junction is forward biased
• Base-Collector junction is reVerse biased

Cutoff Region Operation

• Base-Emitter junction is reverse biased

Saturation Region Operation

• Base-Emitter junction is forwad biased
• Base-Collector junction is forward biased
SUMBER AC LANGKAH
LEPAS Sumber tegangan AC yang ada pada
rangkaian 01 AC = LEPAS

KAPASITOR LANGKAH
Analisis DC maka sifat kapasitor menjadi
pembuka rangkaian 02 KAPASITOR = OPEN

GAMBAR LANGKAH RANGKAIAN EKUIVALEN

RANGKAIAN
EKUIVLEN
03 gambar rangkaian euivalen dari cara-cara
diatas

LANKAH PERBAGIAN
ANALISIS
PERBAGIAN 04 Lakukan analisis perbagian pin transistor
FIXED BIAS
FIXED BIAS

Fixed-bias circuit DC equivalent

The Base-Emitter Loop

From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

+𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑩𝑹𝑩 – 𝑽𝑩𝑬 = 𝟎

Solving for base current:

𝑽𝒄𝒄 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
𝑰𝑩 =
𝑹𝑩
Collctor-Emitter Loop

Collector current:

𝑰𝑩 = β𝑰𝑩

From Kirchhoff’s voltage law :

𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪
EMITTER-STABILIZED BIAS
CIRCUIT
EMITTER-STABILIZED BIAS

Emitter-stabilized bias DC equivalent

The Base-Emitter Loop
From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

+𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑬𝑹𝑩 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬 − 𝑰𝑬𝑹𝑬

= 𝟎

Since IE=(β+1)IB

𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑩 − (β+1)𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑬 = 𝟎

Solving for IB:

𝑽𝒄𝒄 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
𝑰𝑩 =
𝑹𝑩 + (β+1) 𝑹𝑬
Collctor-Emitter Loop
From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

𝑰𝑬𝑹𝑬 − 𝑽𝑪𝑬 − 𝑰𝑪𝑹𝑪 − 𝑽𝑪𝑪 = 𝟎

Since IE≈IC

𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 (𝑹𝑪 +𝑹𝑬 )

Also:

𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑬 + 𝑽𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪
𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑹 𝑹𝑩 = 𝑽𝑩𝑬 − 𝑽𝑬
VOLTAGE DIVIDER BIAS
EMITTER-STABILIZED BIAS

Voltage divider bias DC equivalent

Approximate Analysis
Where IB << II and I1 ≈I2 :

𝑹𝟐𝑽𝑪𝑪
𝑽𝑩 =
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐

Where 𝛃𝐑 𝐁 >10R2
𝑽𝑬
𝑰𝑬 =
𝑹𝑬
𝑽𝑬 = 𝑽𝑩 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪𝑹𝑪 − 𝑰𝑬𝑹𝑬

𝑰𝑬≈IC
𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 (𝑹𝑪 + 𝑹𝑬 )
Transistor Sturation Level
𝑽𝑪𝑪
ICsat = ICmax =
𝑹𝑪 + 𝑹𝑬

Load Line Analysis

Cutoff: Saturation:
𝑽𝑪𝑪
VC=VCC IC=
𝑹𝑪+𝑹𝑬
IC=0mA VCE=0V
DC BIAS WITH VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK
VOLTAGE FEEDBACK

Voltage feedback DC equivalent

The Base-Emitter Loop
HOW TO TROBLE SHOOTING BJT?
1. Approximate voltages
2. Test for opens and shorts with an ohmmeter
3. Test the solder joints
4. Test the transistor with a transistor tester or a curve tracer
5. Note that the load or the next stage affects the transistor
operation
THANK YOU